ARKHANGELSK, 8 Kepakemapa. / Hoʻoponopono. TASS Irina Skalina. Ua hoʻopuka mua nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i nā kāmela e nānā i nā walruses Red Book ma Gunter Bay, Northbrook Island, ʻo Franz Josef Land Archipelago, Maria Gavrilo, ka loea nui no ka noiʻi ma ka Russian Arctic National Park, i haʻi aku iā TASS ma ka Pōʻalima.
"Ua hoʻokomo mākou i nā kāmeʻa nānā manamana ʻelua no ka pana wili, e pana ia i kēlā me kēia mau hola ʻelua. ʻO ia ka mea e hiki ke koho maikaʻi ʻia nā helu. A ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua i hiki ke pane loiloi i nā kāmeʻa i loko o ka manawa," wahi a Gavrilo.
Ma Gunther Bay, hana nā walruses i kahi rookery ma kahi o 500 a 1000 mau holoholona e hiki ai i hoʻokahi manawa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i nā ʻepekema ke kipa iā ia i hoʻokahi manawa a i hoʻokahi manawa paha, akā, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana iā Gavrilo, he mau mākuhi hoʻokahi kēia ʻike ʻole i ka kiʻi maoli - ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke hopu i ka rookery. "Pono mākou e ʻike i ka manawa o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka rookery i ka hāʻule. ʻAʻole mākou e hopu ʻē iā mākou iho, a inā e ola pono ana ke kāmera, ʻike mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ai lākou," e wehewehe ana ʻo Gavrilo.
Wahi a ia, i ka wā e puka ai ka wai, ua hele ka walruses mai nā wahi waiwai ma ka ʻāina i loko o ka wai hau, kahi lākou e hoʻomoʻi hou ai. Mai nā kiʻi hiki ke koho e koho i ka mea e makemake i loko o ka rookery - nā kāne kāne a me nā wahine me nā cubs. Hoʻolālā ia e hōʻiliʻili i ka pae ʻai i ka mahina waena o 2018.
Kuhi ʻia nā walrus o nā kōkeke Atlantika i loko o ka hui honua a me Russian Red Books. Noho ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Pae Barents e nā walruses o ka hui ʻEkika Hikina, mai ka ʻaoʻao mai a Svalbard a Novaya Zemlya a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kai Barents. ʻO Franz Josef Land kahi noho piha o ka makahiki walrus. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi a pau o ka mokupuni, akā nā wahi o ka hoʻokipa a me ke wahi o nā rookeries e hoʻoholo e ka kūlana hau, ka hohonu, ke ʻano o ka lalo a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaiāulu lalo e pili pū ana me lākou.
ʻO Rūsia National Arctic National Park ka palena ma ka ʻākau a nui loa ka wahi i mālama ʻia ma ka Lūkini. Aia pū kekahi me ka panina ʻo Franz Josef Land a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mokupuni ʻo Novaya Zemlya.
Kūkala ʻia kēia ʻatikala i ka ʻāpana "Hōʻoluʻolu" - kahi hui kuikahi me ka pāhana kaiapili o ko Rusia "Ola" i hoʻolālā ʻia e kākoʻo i nā poʻe i nā pilikia paʻakikī.
Aia i hea?
Aia kahi mokupuni o 192 mau moku ma ka lihi o ka honua. He ʻāina anuanu kēia, he kanaka inhospitable no ke kanaka, holoi ʻia e ke kai Barents - ʻo ka hope loa o ka ʻāina ma ka ʻākau. Maanei, ʻā ʻo nā icebergs e ʻā ana i ka makani, ke kaʻawale ʻana mai ka puhaka a me ka holo ʻana i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi e ke kai, heʻe mai nā fjord e hoʻohālikelike ana iā lākou iho mai ka makani a me ke ao e ka pali hiki ʻole ke piʻi. Mai ka makahiki o 2009, ua noho ʻia ʻo Franz Josef Land e ka Russian Arctic National Park, ka ʻāpana a i ʻoka nui loa i ka lūlū ʻia ʻē aʻe o Rusia.
Mālama loa, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ʻo Arkhangelsk wahi, ka manawa ma ʻaneʻi ʻo Moscow. Ma ka ʻāina mai ka ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma mua loa o ka Pole ʻĀkau. Mai Cape Fligeli ma ka mokupuni ʻo Rudolph a hiki i kahi e hui ana nā meridians, 900 wale nō ma km, a hiki i Kola Peninsula ua 1200 km.
He aha ka hana a Franz Joseph?
Ke kiʻi ʻia nei kahi pilikia paʻakikī - ka makani a me ka pō maikaʻi ʻole, ua lilo ka hau i pōʻino i mea e ʻike ai i ka nui loa. ʻO ka hana mua o kēia mea he mea huakaʻi polar, nā lālā o ka hale hoʻokele Austro-Hungarian ʻo Karl Weiprecht a me Julius Payer. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa i ke ala ʻākau, ua hopu ʻia ka moku holo moku Admiral Tegethoff o nā Austrian i ka hau. Ua waiho ʻia ka hui me kahi mea ʻē aʻe akā e moe ma kahi kikowaena i lōʻihi i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua lawe ʻia mai lākou i nā battlement-dikes o ka moku Halle i ka hopena o ʻAukake 1873.
Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāina hou ma hope o ka Emperor Franz Joseph I, Weiprecht a me Payer i hewa no ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka mokupuni e paʻe ana ma ka Pole Akau. Ma ke ala, pono lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou moku i ka hau, a ua kōkua nā pomera o ka'āina iā lākou e holo i waho o nā ʻeke hau, e hōʻike ana iā lākou i ke ala ma Norewai. Ma hope aku, ua noi ʻia ka nupepa inoa e kapa hou ʻia i ka ʻāina Romanov, ka ʻāina Nansen, a me ka ʻāina Kropotkin, akā naʻe ua hana ia. I ka makahiki 1914, ke kāpena o ka luna 1st o ka mokuahi Lūkia, ʻo Islyamov i hāpai i ka hae o ke aupuni i luna o nā mokupuni a haʻi i nā kuleana o Rūsia i kēia ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā mokupuni he ʻāina US US ma ka kauoha CEC, a ma ka makahiki 1929 ua wehe ʻia ka hale poloka mua loa ma luna o lākou.
He aha ka ʻike?
Eia he paradaiso maoli no ka poʻe glaciologists, aneane piha i nā mokupuni a piha i ka hau, ʻo kona mānoanoa ma kekahi mau wahi i hiki aku ai i 400 m! Pela loa keia ka hele ana o ka wao o Arctic, kahi aohe laau a mau puu puaa, he mau lealea wale no, permafrost, mosses a me na lichens. Pono ke anuanu maanei, a e loli iki ka makani i kēlā me kēia mau minuke a no kekahi kumu ke ʻano mauʻu ʻole. Ma Franz Josef Land, e piʻi pinepine ka mahana ma mua o ke kaupalena ʻole, koe wale nō ma waena o Iulai. Kūpono ka pō pololi ma ka mokupuni no 125 mau lā, a 140 mau lā ma kahi lālani ma nā mokupuni ʻaʻole i kau ka lā. He moʻolelo maikaʻi loa ʻo Franz Josef Land e pili ana i nā mea ʻike manuahi e like me Georgy Sedov, Fridtjof Nansen, Yalmar Johansen.
ʻO wai e noho ana ma laila?
ʻOiai e noho nei nā ʻepekema ma kekahi mau kikowaena - ʻO Alexandra lāua ʻo Hayes i nā hale polar a me nā kumu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mokupuni a puni ka pono o ke kanaka. Akā no 11 mauʻano mammals, kahi kūlana kūpono kēia. ʻO kēia ka ʻāina o nā bea polar, nā walruses Atlantika, nona ka rookery nui i kākau ʻia ma ka mokupuni o Apollon, nā mea kani kani, nā alakaʻi moana (lahtaks), nā ʻalopaka arctic, nā mea hana manu a me nā manu manuahi. Ua noho ʻia nā wai o ka ʻāina ʻo nā mokupuni ʻo Greenland a me nā kohola ʻapo hoʻi nā ʻūlio, nā kohola ʻalani, a me nā kohola minke. Ma ke Kahu ʻo Cambridge a me Dezhnev Bay aia kahi manawa e ʻike i nā narwhals a me kekahi kohola manuahi manu nui (finwala), ka lua o ka nui loa i waena o nā holoholona o ka honua.
ʻIke maoli nō
ʻEkolu wale nō nā mokupuni ʻo Franz Josef Land i kapa ʻia ma ka wahine. A he mau ʻohana lākou a pau o Fridtjof Nansen. Ua hāʻawi aku ka mea hoʻolaha polar no nā inoa ʻekolu i nā ʻāpana ʻāina no ka wahine, kāna kaikamahine a me kāna makuahine - ʻo Eva, ʻo Liv a me Adelaide. No kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua huli ka mea nui o nā mokupuni o ka wahine a me ke kaikamahine i hoʻokahi ʻāina maʻamau. E mālama ʻia ka inoa o ka mokupuni - Eva Liv
Pehea e hiki ai i k?
He maʻalahi ke ʻano, akā ke kumu kūʻai - ma luna o ka moku holo moku a kiki paha i ka lau ʻoi mai Iune a Kepakemapa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka nā huakaʻi i ka mokupuni mai Naryan-Mar a Murmansk. Ke noho mau nei nā hale kaʻa ma ke alanui, a lawe ʻia nā mea lawe i luna ma ka waʻa a i ʻole waʻa e kau ai. Pono ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e holo pū me nā mākaʻi moku'āina o ka Lūkini Arctic National Park a me nā mea no laila ʻaʻole hiki aku nā poʻe malihini mai ka ʻāina mai ka ʻāina nui ma mua o 50 m. Inā mālama ʻia nā koholā ka māka i ke kahakai, ʻaʻole nā mākaʻi o ka lawena ma ka mokupuni.
ʻAʻole poina:
► E nānā i ka pua o nā poppies polar
► e ʻimi i nā pōhā pilala poʻokela (nodules) ma Champ Island
► E hoʻopaʻa i kahi leka uila ma ka lālā Lūkini Post ma Arkhangelsk 163100
► Hele huʻihuʻi ma waena
► E nānā i nā mākeke manu ma Tikhaya Bay ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hooker, ʻo Prince George Island a me ka mokupuni ʻo Bell
► Kipa i ka keena polar ma ka mokupuni o Alger
► E nānā i ka mokulele o IL-14, i pae i ka maikaʻi ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hayes i 1981
► E nānā i ka mokupuni ʻo Mono Hono
► E nānā i ke kikowaena kipa o ka ZBF i ka pihi kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hale polima mua ʻo "Tikhaya Bay" ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hooker a waiho i kahi leka ma ka "Blue Book"