ʻO Enhydra lutris (moana otter) he mau inoa inoa ʻole i kipa ʻole ʻia - ka hapa nui loa i waena o nā marten a me nā mea liʻiliʻi no nā manu manu. ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hua'ōlelo "moana otter", ʻike ʻia ka Koryak o ke "kūlana", ua unuhi ʻia he "holoholona". ʻOiai ka inoa kahiko o Rūsia (beaver moana), ua mamao loa ka otter o ke kai mai ka beaver wai, akā kokoke loa i ka muliwai otter, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kona inoa waena "moana otter". ʻO nā mea pili o ka otter kai ke komo pū me ka marten, mink, sable a me nā ferret.

Hōʻike, nā hiʻona

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka nani o kahi ʻoniʻoni kai e kona ʻano ʻoluʻolu, i hoʻomāhuahua ʻia e ka makamaka aloha ʻole. Loaʻa ia i ke kino cylindrical elongated me kahi lāʻī i 1/3 o ke kino, ke ʻāʻī pōkole pōkole a me ke poʻo ākea me nā maka ʻulaʻula.

ʻAʻole nānā i ka hope o ka hope. Ua wehewehe ʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia me ke ala o ka huki ʻana i ka otter moana, liʻiliʻi i ka iʻa iʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā invertebrates, ʻike nui ʻo ia me ke kōkua o nā kūpeʻe kūwili i ka wā ka manaʻo ʻana ma lalo.

Ma kahi poʻo kūpono, kokoke nā pepeiao i nā pepeiao o nā awhi auditory-nā ʻili e ʻike ʻia, kahi (e like me nā ntrl e like me ka nostrils) kokoke i ka wa e hoʻopolo ʻia ai ka holoholona i ka wai.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā forelimb e hoʻopili i ka hopu i nā urchins o ke kai, kahi punahele punahele o ka otters kai: ʻo kahi wāwae mānoanoa kahi i hui pū ʻia e nā ʻeke pona mānoʻi, ma kahi o nā manamana lima ikaika e lohi iki. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wāwae ʻākau, a me nā wāwae ākea (kahi i nānā koʻikoʻi nui ai ka manamana lima) e like me nā kīneke, kahi i hoʻopili ai nā manamana lima i ka membrane hulu i nā phalanges hope.

Nui loa. ʻO ke kai otter, ʻaʻole like me nā marten ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe ona kūleʻa anal, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hōʻailona i nā palena o ka pūnaewele pilikino. ʻAʻohe lau mānoanoa o ka ʻōpū o ke kai ka nui o ka momona subcutaneous, nona nā hana (pale mai ka anu) i lawe ʻia e ka hulu manu.

ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka lauoho (ʻo waho a i lalo) ma kahi o 2-3 cm a puni ke kino, akā ulu ulu a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka wai i ka ʻili. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lauoho ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka plumage manu, no ia mea e mālama pono ai i ka lewa, nona kona mau ʻōleʻaleʻa e nānā i ka wā e ka diving - lele lākou i luna, e hoʻomālamalama ana i ke kai me ke kukui kālā.

ʻO ka lūlū liʻiliʻi e alakaʻi i ka holoi ʻana i ka hulu, a laila i ka hypothermia a me ka make o ka mea hoʻoiho. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hui pū i kona lauoho i kēlā me kēia mau minuke mai ka lawaiʻa / hiamoe. ʻO ka leo ākea ka laulā maʻamau eʻeleʻele, a me kaʻulaʻula e hōʻoki ana i ke poʻo a me ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka makua o ka moana otter, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hina i kona kala - ʻo ke kāʻei kālā kala.

ʻO ke ola, ke ʻano

E hele a hiki i nā ʻāpana o ke kai a ʻaʻole wale me kekahi me kekahi, akā me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe (nā kuʻi hulu a me nā liona moana), e pili ana iā lākou ma ke kahakai. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana moana i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi (10-15 kanaka), ʻaʻole e ʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o nā kaiāulu nui (a ʻokoʻa i 300 mau kanaka), kahi kū ʻole i kahi hierarchy. Hōʻalo pinepine kēlā mau holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole like nā hui i kahi kāne i hoʻokahi kāne wale nō me nā wahine i nā lālā.

E nānā ʻia nā mea nui o nā ʻōpū o ke kai i ka kahakai 2-5 km o ke kahakai, kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai ke kai (a hiki i 50 m), inā ʻae ʻole ka lawaiʻa o lalo. ʻAʻohe kahua pilikino o ka moana moana e pono ke pale aku. ʻAʻole e neʻe ka moana otters (ʻaʻole like me ka liona moana a me nā ʻīlū hulu) - i ke kauwela ua ʻai lākou a moe lākou i ka pō i loko o ke ʻano hehele, ua paʻa i kā lākou mau wāwae a i ʻole ka hūleʻa iā lākou iho i kahi lewa ʻole i lawe ʻole ʻia ai ke kai.

Mai ke kau he e oʻohiʻo a hiki i ka puna, aia ka makani i ka pā lewa, mālama ʻia nā ʻūlani i loko o ka wai pāpaku i ka lā, e waiho ana ka ʻāina i ka pō. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaha lākou i ka 5-10 mai ka wai, e hoʻonoho nei i nā ʻupena ma waena o nā pōhaku i pale ʻia mai ka ʻino. Pahu ka kekahi otter moana e like me kahi sila, e hoʻolalima ana i nā wāwae o ka hind a hana iā lākou i ka neʻe oscillatory e neʻe a piʻi i lalo a i lalo. Ke hānai ana, ke hele nei ka mea kuhi ma lalo o ka wai no 1-2 mau minuke, e noho ana ma laila a hiki i 5 mau minuke me ka hoʻoweliweli wikiwiki.

Manaʻo. No ka hapa nui o ka lā, ke kai otter, e like me ka neʻe ʻana, e lele i luna i nā nalu me kona ʻōpū. I kēia kūlana, moe ʻo ia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hulu a i kā kāna kīʻaha, a ʻo nā wahine hānai nō hoʻi me kahi cub.

Lele hele mai nā ʻĀina kai i ka ʻāina: no ka pōkole pōkole a hānau ʻole paha. ʻAʻole ʻoloka a me ka gait i ka lokomaikaʻi - ua ʻō ka mea hoʻihoʻi i ka mea kau momona ma ke alo o ka lepo, akā ʻike iā ia ke pāʻani maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, hoʻokūkū ʻo ia i kona kua i loko o kahi pāʻai a i ka wikiwiki e holo i ka holo me nā puʻupuʻu e hiki koke ai ke hele aku i ka wai.

Ke iho nei i ka hoʻoilo, keʻe nei kahi otter kai i loko o ka hau ma ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻole i waiho i nā wāwae. ʻO kahi kai moana e hoʻolilo ai i nā hola, me kahi o ka wā, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona hulu koʻikoʻi. Hoʻolako ʻo ka loiloi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa palu i ka lauoho ma kahi kūlana - ke kaʻe ʻana i nā nalu, hele ka holoholona i ka he nui, e hopu ana i ke poʻo me ke kua o ke poʻo, ka umauma, ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae hind.

I ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻaina awakea, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻūkū moana i ka huluhulu, holoi ʻana i ka lemus a me nā koena o ka meaʻai: maʻamau ka mea i loko o ka wai, kuʻi ʻia i loko o ke kaomi a kāʻei i ka huelo me kona mau wāwae mua. He ʻowahāwahā ʻia ka ʻōpū o ke kai, a me ka lohe maikaʻi ʻana i ka leo, e pane wale ana i nā leo nui, ʻano, ke kahaha ʻana o ka nalu. Kūpono ʻia ʻo Touch - kōkua pū ʻia kahi kōkua vibrissae e loaʻa koke i nā mollusks a me nā urchins kai i loko o ka pōʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele lalo.

Koho huahele o nā ʻāpana kai

Hoʻokaʻawale ka papa i kēia manawa i nā otters moana i 3 mau subspecies:

• ʻO Enhydra lutris lutris (ʻĀlani kai, a i ʻĀsia paha) - kau aku ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Kamchatka, a me ka Commander a me Kuril Islands,
• ʻO Enhydra lutris nereis (Kaleponi moana ʻĀpalu, aiʻole hema) - loaʻa i kahi kokoke i nā kahakai o Kaleponi kūleʻa,
• ʻO Enhydra lutris kenyoni (ʻākau ʻākau ʻĀpiha) - noho i Alaska kūkulu ʻia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian.

ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana e nā zoologists e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kahi kai ʻele e noho ana ma nā Komandorski Islands a me kahi kai nui o Kamchatka e noho nei ma nā ʻāpana o Kuril a me Kamchatka i nele. ʻO nā koho i koho ʻia no ka 2 subspecies hou a me ka papa inoa o kāna mau hiʻona ʻaʻole kōkua. Noho ka Kamchatka moana otter ma lalo o kona inoa kaulana ʻo Enhydra lutris lutris.

ʻO Habitat, noho

I ka wā e noho ai nā ʻūhā moana i ka moana o ka Pakipika, e hana ana i kahi pana ma ke kahakai. I kēia manawa ua lohi ka nui o nā ʻano ʻulu a noho i nā kai mokupuni, a me ke kahakai o ka ʻāina nui (ʻāpana), holoi ʻia e nā ʻala ʻoluʻolu a me ke anu.

Hoʻoikaika ka ʻōpū kikoʻī o kēia kaona mai Hokkaido, ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻūle Kuril, ka Aleutian / Komiina Kāpena, a hāhū i nā kapakai o ka Pākīpika o ʻAmelika Hema, a hoʻopau i Kaleponi. Ma Lūkia, kahi puaʻa nui loa o nā ʻāpana moana i ʻike ʻia ma Fr. Copper, kekahi o nā ʻElima Mōʻī.

Noho ka ʻāpana otters i nā wahi e like me:

• mau ʻale kai
• kahakai
• nā pulu (lalo / lalo o ke kai) me nā mānoanoa o kelp a me ka alaria.

Ke makemake nei nā ʻōpū o ke kai e moe i nā kapa pāpale a me nā pāpale me nā peni stony, a me nā kihi ʻākau o nā peninsulas, mai kahi hea mai kahi ʻino, hiki koke iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i kahi wahi e kū ai. No ke kumu like, pale lākou i nā kahakai kahakai (one a sand and pebble) - eia hiki ʻole ke hūnā mai nā kānaka a me nā mea i pāʻani ʻia.

Ke Kai

Hoʻohana nui ka poʻe pīpī i ke ao, akā hele i ka ʻimi i ka pō, inā i ke ao me ka ʻino i ke kai. ʻO ka papa inoa otter moana, e pili ana i nā holoholona moana, he ʻano nui a he ʻano like me kēia:

• keʻa kai)
• helopaʻi / gastropods (2 wahi),
• iʻa ka nui-nui (capelin, sockeye salmon a me gerbil),
• mau kapu ʻapo
• naʻeopuses (i kekahi manawa).

Ma muli o nā mānoanoa ma ka huki a me nā neʻe lima, huki ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kai i nā urchins kai, nā mollusks a me nā ʻōpua mai lalo, e maʻalahi ana i ka nahiki ʻana i kā lākou mau leʻa a me nā mea hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana improvised (maʻamau nā pōhaku). ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ua paʻa ka ʻoka moana i kahi pōhaku ma kona umauma a pā ma luna me kona piʻi.

I nā Zoos, kahi e kau ai nā holoholona i nā kīʻaha lauʻaʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi i nā mea i hiki ai iā lākou ke uhaa i ka aniani. Ma ke ala, lilo aku ka wailele i ke pio ʻana i ka make nui - ka makemake nui e ʻai i ka pipi a me ka ʻona liona kai, a mai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ke makemake i ka iʻa. Ua waiho ʻia me ka nānā ʻole i nā manu i kanu ʻia a puni, mai ka ʻaha o ka moana e ʻike ʻole e hopu ai iā lākou.

He ʻono maikaʻi loa ka ʻawa o ke kai - no kahi lā e ʻai ʻo ia i ka nui e like me ka 20% o kona paona (no laila, loaʻa ka mea kōleʻa i ka ikaika no ka hoʻomau ʻana). Inā ke kau ʻana o kekahi mea i 70 kg e like me ke kai otter, eʻai ʻo ia i ka liʻiliʻi o 14 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.

ʻAiʻe ka ʻawaʻawa o ke kai i ka palena intertidal, e kahe kokoke ana i nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ​​pōhaku e iho mai ana i ka wai: i kēia manawa ke nānā i ka algae, e ʻimi ana i nā mea i loko o ke kai. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūmole, hoʻohemo ʻo ia i kahi kai mai loko mai o ka palau, e ʻoi ikaika ana ia me kona mau puhaka a wehe koke i nā ʻēheu e ʻoluʻolu ai nā ʻike.

Inā hele ka lawaiʻa ma lalo, e nānā pū ka ʻoni moana me ka vibrissa a hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia i nā minuke 1.5-2 mau minuke i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā urchins kai. Lālau ʻo ia iā lākou ma nā ʻāpana he 5-6, kolo ʻia, kau ma kona kua a ʻai pākahi, ʻānāwīwī ʻia ʻo ia ma luna o kona ʻōpū.

Hopu ka ʻōpū i ka iʻa a me ka iʻa ma ka ʻāpana, ka ʻohi ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi me ko lākou mau niho a me nā wāwae - nā mea nui (me nā iʻa momona). Hoʻomoe ka mea predator i ka iʻa iʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa nui, kahi ʻāpana nui, e noho ana i ka wai ma ke ʻano he "kolamu". Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe hopohopo ka moana moana a inu ʻole, loaʻa ka wai ikaika mai ka loko kai.

Pahu a keiki

Polgamous ka ʻōpū o ke kai a ʻaʻole noho i nā ʻohana - uhi nā kāne i nā wahine ʻōpio āpau a puni nā ʻāina kūwaho. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pili ʻana o ka otters i ka moana ʻaʻole i paʻa i kekahi manawa, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka hānau keiki i loko o ka puna ma mua o nā mahina ʻoi loa.

ʻO ka hāpai ʻana, e like me nā marten lehulehu, e hoʻomau me ke kali ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia ka Offspring i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki. Hānau ka wahine i ka ʻāina, ka lawe ʻana mai i kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi (2 genera mai 100) i ʻelua pālita. ʻAʻole hiki ʻole ke hopena o ka lua: make ʻo ia, no ka hiki i ka makuahine ke hānai i hoʻokahi keiki.

Pūʻoiaʻiʻo. Nani ke kaupaona ʻana he 1.5 kg a hānau ʻia ʻaʻole wale ke ʻike ʻia, akā me kahi piha o nā niho waiū piha. Medvedka - ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia e kona poʻe hānai manu iā ia no ka hulu melekele nā ​​uhi i ke kino o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka hola mua a me nā lā lā i hāhiʻi ai ʻo ia me kona makuahine, e waiho ana ma kahakai a i ʻole i kona ʻōpū i ka wā e hele ai i ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka hūlū e ʻauʻau kūʻokoʻa (mua ma ka hope) ma hope o 2 mau pule, a ke hoʻomaka nei i loko o ka wiki he 4 e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e lele a lele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wahine. ʻO ka pēpē, haʻalele iki ʻia e ka makuahine, i ka panic inā pōpilikia, ʻāʻau pū kekahi a me kahi hiki ʻole ke hūnā ma lalo o ka wai - hoʻomāneʻo ia e like me ka pipi (ʻo ke ʻano nui a me ka paʻu ʻana o kona kino me ka hulu).

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​wahine e pili ana i kā lākou mau keiki, akā he poʻe malihini lā, loaʻa wale lākou i ka ʻauʻau a ʻuki hoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao. I ka hapanui o ke ao, kauʻauʻau ʻo ia me kahi bea i kona ʻōpū, maʻamau i ka wā ka lehelehe i kona kapa. I ka hele ʻana o ka wikiwiki, paʻi ʻo ia i nā pahu me kona wāwae wāwae a paʻa paha kāna mau niho e ka mea huehue, ka diving me ia i loko o ka hopohopo.

Ke ulu lāʻau kai ulu, i kapa ʻia he koshlak, ʻoiai ʻo ia e pani ai i ka inu waiū wai, noho mau ʻo ia ma kahi o kona makuahine, ke ʻae ʻana i nā holoholona benthic a ʻai paha iā ia. Hoʻomaka ke ola kūʻokoʻa piha piha i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka wā i hala ai ka wā e holo ai nā makahiki ʻōpio i kahi nui o nā ʻōpū o ke kai.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Wahi a kekahi zoologists, ʻo ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke kai ʻawaʻī e alakaʻi ana e kahi kohola makeʻe, he kohola iʻa nui ʻia mai ka ʻohana dolphin. Hōʻoia ʻia kēia ʻatikala e ka pili ʻana o nā kohola pepehi kanaka ʻaʻole i komo i loko o nā popo o kelp, ke makemake ʻana i nā palupalu hohonu, a ʻauheʻe i loko o nā home o nā ʻāpana otters i ke kauwela wale, i ka wā i ulu ai ka iʻa.

ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi ke komo i ka shark polar, ka mea kokoke i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa nei ia i ka wai hohonu. ʻIke aku i kahakai, e hōʻʻi ana ka puhaka i nā ʻōpū o ke kai, ka mea (ma muli o ka ʻili maoli) i make mai nā ʻili liʻiliʻi, kahi hoʻi e komo koke ai nā maʻi.

ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa mai ka waʻa paʻa ʻōpala, ʻoiai ke ʻike mau ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻonika.

ʻO ka silaʻo Far East, ʻo ia wale nō kahi hoʻopuni i ka mea punahele punahele (lalo invertebrates), akā ke ʻōhumu nei hoʻi i ka moana otter mai loko o kona mau wahi lawaiʻa maʻamau, ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokūkū o ka moana otter. I waena o nā ʻenemi o ke kai otter he kanaka hoʻomakei iā ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hulu kupaianaha i hiki ʻole ke nani a me ke kūpaʻa.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka luku nui ʻana i ka ʻila o ka moana i ka lewa, aia (e like me nā manaʻo like ʻole) mai nā haneli he mau tausani a i 1 miliona mau holoholona. I ke kakahiaka o ke kenekulia 20, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka lehulehu o ka honua i 2 tausani kanaka. ʻO ka ʻimi no ka ʻono ʻĀlau kai hōʻino maikaʻi loa i ʻoka ʻo kēia ʻoihana i kahi lua nona iho (ʻaʻohe mea nāna wau), akā ua pāpā ʻia ʻia e nā kānāwai o ʻAmelika (1911) a me USSR (1924)

Ua manaʻo ʻia nā nūhou mua e 2000-2005 i hoʻohua ʻia nā ʻano i loko o ka papa IUCN me ka hōʻailona "make". Wahi a kēia mau noiʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻalike wai (ma kahi o 75 tausani) e noho ana ma Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian, a he 70 tausani o lākou i noho ma Alaska. Ma kahi o 20,000 mau ʻaleka kai e noho ana ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua emi ma mua o 3 tausani ma Kanada, ma kahi o 2.5 tausani ma Kaleponi, a ma kahi o 500 holoholona ma Wakinekona.

Nui loa. ʻOiai ke pāpā ʻia ʻana, me ka hoʻoilo ʻia o ka kai a ka moana moana, me ka hōʻemi o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻalapona e hōʻeha i ka nui o nā aila a me nā mea waiwai, e hoʻohaumia ai i ka hulu, hana i nā holoholona i ka make mai ka hypothermia.

ʻO nā kumu nui no ka nalowale o nā ʻōpū moana.

• maʻiʻino - 40% o nā make a pau.
• nā hōʻeha - mai nā ʻūʻī, nā pū hōʻulu a me nā hālāwai me nā moku (23%),
• nele i ka ʻai - 11%,
• ʻo nā kumu ʻē aʻe he mau leka, make o nā keiki liʻiliʻi, nā maʻi o loko (emi iho ma lalo o 10%).

ʻO ka make nui mai nā maʻi he wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō e ka haumia o ke kai, akā, nā ke ola kūlohelohe ʻana o nā ʻōpū moana no ka nele o nā ʻano kūpaʻa i loko o nā ʻano.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o nā ʻāpana moana

ʻO ke kai otter a i ʻole kai otter he mokamua i ka kahakai o ka Pākīpika. ʻO nā ʻōlima mālamalama o ka manu o ka moana nui o ka Pākīpika he mau ʻahaʻaina nui i nā ʻ seapika kai, i kapa ʻia kekahi ʻōpū moana.

E like me ka ʻike ʻia kiʻi wai otterHe holoholona ʻai ʻia ia me kahi muzzle hāwili liʻiliʻi a me ke poʻo poepoe. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻōpū o ke kai, ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā mammals liʻiliʻi, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, he haʻahaʻa loa i ka nui o nā silahe hulu, walruses a me nā sila.

ʻO nā ʻalike wai kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wāhine, hiki i ka nui o nā 45 kg. ʻO ka hapakolu paha o ka loa o ke kino o ka holoholona (ma kahi o 30 a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi he kenimika paha) ʻo ia ka huelo.

Kū ka ʻeleʻele nui a me ka ihu ākea e kū pono ana i ka maka, akā liʻiliʻi ka maka a ʻike nā pepeiao i ko ke aniani a nānā pono i ke poʻo o kēia mau mea. Hāʻawi ka ho'ākāka ʻana o ke kai otter, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma luna o ka kaʻe o ka palaki o nā wahi nasal o ka holoholona i loaʻa i ka vibrissae nui - nā lauoho paʻakikī, nā mea i kūlohelohe me nā mammals he mau mea kino o ka hoʻopā.

Ke kukui a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ke kala o nā holoholona, ​​ʻokoʻa i nā kala, mai ka ʻula a i ka brown. He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ʻoe e ʻike pono i nā mea ʻeleʻele kanaka maoli - melanists a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - albinos.

ʻO ka huluhulu a me ka lehuluk o ka ʻonika kai, i ʻelua ʻano o ka lauoho: ʻo ka huluhulu a me ke kumu, e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke manuahi i ka wai anuanu. I ke kauwela, hāʻule ka huluhulu kahiko i ka mea i make loa ʻia, ʻoiai ke loli nei ka loli ʻana i ka makahiki, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ia o kēia mau holoholona moana.

Keʻa ʻĀkau mālama pono me kona hulu, a lawelawe ʻo ia iā ia i pale maikaʻi mai nā ʻoluʻolu ʻole o ka honua o waho, i mea i kōkua ai ka holoholona i hoʻoponopono i ka holoholona. ʻO ka wahi noho punahele o nā ʻōpū ʻĀpana he wai kai. Hele lākou i ka ʻāina wale nō i ka ʻuʻuku ʻana.

Eia naʻe, ke hilinaʻi nei ia a pau. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, makemake nui nā ʻeleʻele kai e noho ana ma Kaleponi i ka lā a me ka pō i ka wai. A ʻo ka poʻe noho o ka mokupuni ʻo Copper, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kihi o Kamchatka, ʻo ia kā ua moe ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina.

He kūlike loa nā kūlana o ka wā. I ka ʻino kai ʻalani mai makau e ʻaʻe kokoke i kahakai. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mua a me nā limu wāwae o ka holoholona he mau ʻokoʻa nui. ʻO ka wāwae o nā holoholona ma ke alo he pōkole a he lōʻihi nā manamana lima e pono ai kēia mau mea e hopu i ka waiwai a, e like me ka vibrissae, e lawelawe i nā ʻāpana o ka pā.

I ke kiʻi, kahi otter kai me hoʻokahi cub

ʻO ke kumu o nā limu elongated els, e like me nā lehelehe me nā manamana lima hoʻopiʻi, ua ʻokoʻa kā lākou; kōkua lākou i nā mea hana e aau maikaʻi a holo maikaʻi. Ke ola nei kēlā mau holoholona ʻaʻole i waho wale i ke kahakai o Kaleponi, a ua loli nui nō hoʻi ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Wakinekona, Alaska, ma ke kahakai o Kanada ma British Columbia.

Ma Lūkia, loaʻa ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i ka Far Hikina a, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, i nā mokupuni o Kamaleta Teritori.

Nā ʻano ʻāpana otter

Kai otter kai otter no ka Kunim e na zoologists, ʻo ia ka mākaʻi nui o kēia ʻohana. Ma kahi o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻo ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona, ​​e like me ka ʻepekema, ua ʻoi loa ka nui a hiki i ka nui o nā miliona mau kānaka i noho ma ka moana nui o ka Pakipika.

Eia naʻe, i ke kenekulia hope, ma muli o ka luku nui ʻana o nā holoholona, ​​ua ʻano nui ko lākou kūlana, ma muli o kēia lawe ʻia i lalo o ka pale, ka mea i hoʻomaopopo iloko o ka Buke Kauwila. Nā ʻĀina kai ua hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ko lākou mau kauā mua, no ka mea, ua lawe ʻia nā hana pale ʻē aʻe, ua pāpā ʻia no ka hopu ʻana no kēia mau holoholona.

Ke hopena o kēia mau hana, ua loli iki ka nui o ka lehulehu, akā ua mau ka noho. I kēia manawa, māhele ʻia nā otters moana e nā ʻepekema i ʻekolu subspecies. I waena o lākou ʻākau ʻākau otter, Kaleponi a me Asia a maʻamau paha.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kai moana

He ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona i pili i ka lono ʻole no ka ʻohana a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona holoholona.

Kuhi ʻia kēlā ʻano kumu i ke kumu o ka luku ʻana o kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike ana i kekahi ʻano kalū i nā kūlana pōʻino a hiki i nā lawaiʻa ke hoʻokokoke iā lākou iho i kahi kokoke. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka ʻōpū o ke kai e noho i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau lā wale nō.

Inā makemake ka mea hou e hui pū i ke kaiāulu o nā kai moana, e hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ia, a ʻo ka mea maʻamau ke koho ʻole e haʻalele i ka hui. Hoʻolaha ka nui o nā kaiāulu kai ʻūlū, a he mau ʻokoʻa mai nā hui o nā kāne a me nā holoholona ʻōpio, a hiki i kona mau lālā.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lālā o ia mau pūʻulu i ka manawa hoʻomaha wale nō, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i kekahi mau wahi, no ka laʻana, i nā lewa o ka nui o ke kai. Kōkua otter kai otter ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻia, akā inā huakaʻi lōʻihi kekahi o nā kāne.

Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike o nā holoholona. ʻO ka lā ikaika no ka lā iā lākou. Ala i ke kakahiaka holoholona kai ʻalani hoʻomaka koke ʻoe e ʻimi no ka kākau ʻana a hana i kahi moena, e lawe ana i kona kapa ma ke ʻano kūpono.

ʻO ka mea nui no ka ʻōpala o ka moana ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou hulu ponoʻī, kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe a hoʻoulu i kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻopakele i ka lauoho mai nā koena o ka mucus a me ka meaʻai, aia hoʻi, ma kēia ala ke kōkua nei lākou i ka huluhulu ʻaʻole e piha piha i ka momona, ka mea e pono ai ke pale aku i ka hypothermia o ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa.

I ke awakea, e like me ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻomaka nā holoholona i kahi hoʻomaha hoʻomaha ahiahi. I ke ahiahi, ua hoʻolaʻa hou nā ʻāpana moana i nā kamaʻilio a me nā pāʻani, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi wahi kūikawā i ke aloha i ka ʻaha hoʻokō a me ke aloha. A laila hoʻi, hoʻomaha a kamaʻilio. I ka pō, hiamoe nā holoholona.

Ke kai ʻona kai

I ka mālie o ke anuanu, nā kai moana e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai e hiki ke hele i kahi o ke kahakai. Loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī, holo lākou i ka hohonu hohonu a noho i lalo o ka wai a hiki i 40 kekona.

A loaʻa ka ʻai kūpono i ka hohonu o ke kai, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻai koke i kā lākou ʻaihele, akā hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā ʻili i nā pā ponoi e like me nā peke e kū ana ma lalo o nā wāwae hema a me ka ʻākau.

Ke ola nei ka nohona ma nā wai anuanu i ka holoholona e ʻai ai i ka nui o ka meaʻai. Pēlā, e kuhi nei i kēlā me kēia lā e kāohi ʻia lākou i ka momona a hiki i 25% o ko lākou paona ponoʻī. Kūkulu nā mea ola i ko lākou pono a me nā mea e hoʻonaʻauao ai, me nā ʻano he ʻkani mau ʻano nui o nā nui o ke kai.

I waena o lākou me ka ʻōpū a me nā pepeiao, nā ʻano nui like ʻole. Hiki i kā lākou leʻaleʻa ke kīleʻopa, nā mea nānā, nā ʻalā, nā mākaʻi, nā kime a me nā urchins kai. E ʻai nui nā ʻawa ʻawa ʻawa i nā octopuses, akā ua ʻai wale nā ​​mea ola a pau o kēia mau mea ola.

Ke kū nei mai loko mai o ka wai ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka holomua manuahi, hala ka holoholona i kahi pāʻina. Ka poʻe akamai loa, i ka wehe ʻana i nā mollusks, hoʻohana lākou i nā pōhaku i loaʻa i ka papa o ke kai, ʻoiai e hoʻopuni ana i ka mea e kau ʻia ana ma luna o kā lākou puʻupuʻu a pana ʻana me nā mea kaumaha.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea like ʻole i nā lehelehe o ka ʻili a hoʻohana ʻia no ka pahuhopu hoʻokahi i kekahi manawa. I loko o kā lākou mau pola, lawe nā holoholona i nā lako mea i waiho ʻia mai nā lau nui loa. A ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono nā mea maikaʻi i kā lākou hulu. Hōʻalo i nā ʻōpū ʻĀina i ko lākou mau make i ka wai o ke kai, a he mea maikaʻi loa kā lākou mau kauka no ka hoʻomōhala ʻana i kēia nui o ka paʻakai.

ʻO ka hana a me ka ola o nā ʻōpū moana

Ma waena o nā pāʻani i ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā holoholona i wehewehe, ʻo ka noho kala ʻia ka noho ʻana ma kahi kūlana kūikawā, ʻoiai ʻo ka mau kāne ke kau ʻana a e huki i nā manawa lōʻihi me ko lākou mau mea i koho ʻia.

Holo ka Courtship i kēlā me kēia makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe manawa i wehewehe ʻia ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia no ka hānau ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, ​​a ʻo ka moe ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ma hope o nā kānaka he ʻelima, e kū pinepine a i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i kekahi mau wahi kahi i noho ai nā holoholona, ​​ua hāʻawi ka hana kuʻuna o ke kumuwaiwai i nā kuʻuna.

I ka wā o nā pāʻani, hopu nā mākaʻi i kā lākou mau kaikamāhine ma o nā hona, no laila e paʻa ana i ka wā o ke kamaʻilio ʻana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo kēia hana kaʻi pinepine ʻana i nā pilikia kaumaha. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, noho ka poʻe kauā me kā lākou mau keikikāne no ke keu aku i nā lā ʻeono, a ma hope o lākou i waiho ai me ka ʻole o ka makemake i ka hua, ʻaʻole ʻoe e komo i ka hānai. A ʻo kā lākou mau keikikāne, ma hope o ʻehiku a ʻewalu mau wahine hāpai ʻana, e haʻalele e hāʻawi i ka ʻāina maloʻo, ma kahi koke e hāʻawi ai i ke ola i hoʻokahi cub.

Inā hānau ʻia nā māhoe, a laila, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo nā mea hou o ke keiki hou wale nō e ola. Aia ka lua ma mua, inā ʻae ʻia e kekahi makuahine ʻona, ʻo ka nalowale i kāna hua no nā kumu like ʻole.

Hānau ʻia nā pēpē a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho mua nā malama mua, ka ulu ʻana me ka mālama ʻole ʻana. Lawe nā wahine i kā lākou hua ma ko lākou mau ʻōpū, waiho lākou iā lākou iho a hana a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou wale no ka manawa pōkole ponoi iā lākou i ka wai a i kahakai hoʻi.

No laila mālama ka ʻona nāwahine makuahine i ka pēpē e ʻai a me ka ʻimi pono. Hoʻomaka nā keiki e hoʻāʻo i ka meaʻai paʻa ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ʻaʻole i ma mua. Eia kekahi, mālama ka wahine a me kā lākou mau keiki, ka lawe ʻana iā lākou a hūnā iā lākou, ke mālama ʻana iā lākou me ke aloha a me ke aloha, a inā pono, mālama pono ʻole i kā lākou keiki, e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou iho.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ola nā otters i ke kai ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi ʻumikūmākahi mau makahiki, ʻoiai aia nō hoʻi he mau kenenarians e hiki ke ola no ka hapahā o hoʻokahi kenekulia. Akā i loko o ke pio ʻana ua ola lōʻihi kēia mau holoholona, ​​loaʻa i ka manawa piha i ke olakino piha e pōmaikaʻi no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.