He momi nani mai ka ʻohana marten ʻāpana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻohanohano ʻē aʻe o Russia. No ka manawa lōʻihi a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻoliʻoli nā poʻe aloha i nā mea nani a pau. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea nui o ka ʻoihana hulu ma Russia.

Ma mua o ka Revolution Revolution, ua ʻāʻane loa ʻia ka holoholona. Akā ma hope o ia mea, hana ʻo ka ʻepekema Lūkini i nā hana a ʻaʻole wale ke mālama ʻia, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia, a ua hoʻopuni hoʻi i ka huehue ma nā wahi āpau mai nā Urals a hiki i ka Moana Pakipika. Ua noho kekahi mau tausani o kēia holoholona waiwai i kēia manawa ʻo Siberian taiga.

I ka wā kahiko, ʻoi ka loiloi sable i manaʻo ʻo ia ka ʻoihana ʻoi loa ka waiwai ʻoi loa. Hele ka poʻe, hele i ka taiga, ua hoʻopau iā ia i kēia mau momoli a hoʻolaha i kāna hulu momona i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, kahi lākou i kūʻai aku ai no ke kumu kūʻai nui loa.

Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Sable a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka waiwai ma ke gula. Ua hiki i nā mea noiʻi Lūkini e hana i nā mea kanu no ka sable. Ke aloha aloha nei holoholona sable no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole i hiki i ke aʻa i ke pio, akā ma ka hopena, ua kūleʻa nā mea olaola.

Ua nui nā lilo o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi i hua i ka hua pio. Ma muli o nā hopena lōʻihi, ʻo nā mea like a pau, hoʻomaka ka makapō e kū i luna o ka mālamalama a ʻaʻole like me kahi pāki sable maikaʻi ʻia.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau

Inā ʻoe e nānā kiʻi o ka holoholona sable hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā manaʻo hemahema he ʻano nani ʻo ia, nawaliwali a pale ʻole hoʻi. I kēlā wā, he holoholona holoholona ʻoluʻolu a mālie ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ikaika a sable, wikiwiki a wikiwiki.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kāne ma ka 38 a hiki i 56 cm. He mau puʻu ia, ma ke poʻo he 9 a 17 cm ka nui o ka nui o ka holoholona a hiki i 2 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o ka wahine. ʻO nā laulā o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hoʻoulu ka ʻōpala i nā pālapa, ʻo ia ko lākou ʻano kiʻekiʻe mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nui ke kāwele a he nani maoli. Ma ke kauwela, e loli iki ka moku o ka huluhulu, hele wīwī ka holoholona me ka hulu manu. ʻAno ke kala o ke kīleʻa, mai kahi mālamalama a ʻoi aku ka ʻaoʻao.

Ma nā wahi kokoke i Lake Baikal, Yakutia a me Kamchatka pinepine loa noho ana ʻo sable me ka ʻeleʻele uliuli. ʻO ke kūpono ka ʻike. I ka lei o ka holoholona aia kahi wahi ʻulaʻula aniani e like me ka kaula. I ke kauwela, hiki i kēia ʻano kuhi ke ʻike ʻole ʻia.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, noho ʻo sable i nā wahi o ka Far East, Siberia a me Eurasia. ʻO Korea, Mongolia, northeast China a me ka ʻākau o Iapana kahi mau wahi kahi e hiki ai ke kiʻi aku i kēia holoholona koʻikoʻi.

Coniferous, taiga thickets - kahi punahele nui loa no ka sable. Noho ʻo ia i kēia wahi, ʻaʻole hele i waho ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻōpala, nā nā nahele ulu coniferous, me ka spruce, ke ahi a me ka lāʻau kedera e ulu ana i loko o lākou, nā wahi punahele nui o ka sable.

ʻO nā wahi i kahi paʻakikī i kahi mea ʻē aʻe e komo i loko, me ka nui o ka moss, nā lālā a me nā pōhaku, e huki i kēia kanaka kāne nani. Aia paha ma kēia hihia, ua hoʻowalewale ʻia kāna ʻano palekana ponoʻī, a makemake ʻo ia e pale iā ia iho e kūʻē i kona mau ʻenemi āpau.

He ʻano maʻamau a me ke ʻano

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mea nui i kona ʻano maikaʻi ke ulu ʻana o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe. He maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka hihiʻo, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia e like me ke ʻano o ka lohe ʻana. ʻAʻole maikaʻi kēia i ka ʻimi o ka holoholona, ​​no ka mea, ua hana nui lākou i ka hopu ʻana i ka pō.

E hoahewa ana e wehewehe hoʻākāka, he mea i haʻi ʻia ʻo ia, he koa a me ka mea hoʻokūkū. Hiki iā ia ke holo i nā mau mile i kēlā me kēia lā, me kahi leʻaleʻa nui ke makemake e piʻi i nā lāʻau, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole like me ka marten e like me ia, e ʻoi aku ia e hele ma luna o ka ʻāina ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau.

ʻAʻole nā ​​poʻe Sables i nā wahi e hoʻololi i nā wahi. ʻO kēia mau holoholona hihiu. Ke koi wale nei nā kūlana e hana iā lākou e hana i kēia, no ka laʻana, ke ahi a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai.

Hōʻalo nā holoholona i nā leo hoihoi a me nā ʻano like ʻole i nā kūlana like ʻole. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine kēia ʻōiwi puhopu, i ka wā o ka makaʻowai o ka huki ʻana, a i ka wā o nā pāʻani hoʻohemo ʻana nā leo i like me ke ʻano pōleʻa cat.

Mea ʻai

Ma ka nahele, ʻano like ke ʻano o ka ʻili i ka wai. ʻAʻohe kanaka e lawe i ka uka. He holoholona hihiu kēia a ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā holoholona. ʻOiʻoluʻu ʻo ia i ka ʻai ʻana i nā kiʻi, nā rodents, nā ʻōpala, nā moles a me nā chipmunks.

Mai ka manawa i luna o nā papa e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻai a ʻai i ka pika, i kekahi manawa ke hele mai nā poli. Hiki i ka Hares ke hōʻeha ʻia i kahi māka kāne nui. Eia nō hoʻi, makemake kēia mau holoholona i nā manu a me kā lākou hua.

ʻO ka lākau lāʻau, partridge a me nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia e lākou. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kū pinepine kēia makemake. Hiki ke hāleʻa i ka hoʻowalewale o ka ihu i ka pūlū i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mea hiamoe ma ka lua a me ka ʻoliʻoli ma luna ona.

I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā mea e kau nei nā lehelehe heʻe a e hoʻopuni ana i nā ʻēheu o ka capercaillie, akā he mea ʻole ka pale ʻana, hiki ke ola ke ola ʻana o kahi manu ʻilihune.

ʻAʻole hōʻole ʻo Sable i nā mea kanu. Hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i nā hua a me nā kinala. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā hua i hāʻule i ka hāʻule ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo a ʻai ʻai iā lākou me ka leʻaleʻa. ʻAi ka sable i ka manawa like ʻole, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna papa ʻai i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

No ka manawa makala, ʻoi loa ka manawa o ke kauwela. ʻO nā kiʻi no ke alakaʻi a no ke aloha i kēlā me kēia wahine ʻē paha ke ʻike pono ʻia no kēia mau holoholona.

Hānau ʻia ka wahine mai 245 a 295 mau lā. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, a loaʻa pinepine kēia i ka ʻApelila-Mei, ke hoʻomākaukau nei ka wahine i nā hollows i ka ʻōpala lāʻau.

Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i kahi hakahaka, uhi iā ia me nā lau, lumala a me ka mauʻu maloʻo. Hoʻopau ke hāpai i ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē nani a ʻekolu paha. Kuhi pinepine ka ʻike i ka wā i hānau ai nā ʻehiku o lākou.

I ke kiʻi, ua'āpana pū

Mālama ʻo Males i kā lākou keiki a me ka wahine a noho pū me lākou a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO kā lākou kuleana, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻāina mai nā ʻenemi hiki, a loaʻa i ka ʻai, no nā pēpē a me ko lākou makuahine.

Eʻai ana nā pēpē i ka waiū makuahine no ʻelua mahina ʻelua. ʻEā mākaukau nā ʻōpio ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua no ka hānau keiki. Ma ko lākou wahi maʻamau, noho kēia mau holoholona i kahi o 18 mau makahiki.

Kūʻai ma ka home hiki i nā makahiki 22. Sable e like me ka holoholona ʻaʻole e hanana pinepine. He hana luhi a nani kēia. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​pōmaikaʻi.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai holoholona holoholona nā awelika mai 80 a 90 kālā no kēlā me kēia ʻili. Buy holoholona sable Hiki iā ʻoe, ma ka mea kanu a i ka mea pilikino. Inā pili ʻole ʻoe i kēia pilikia, he mea kūleʻa a maikaʻi ia, a nui ka hopena i loaʻa ka loaʻa kālā, he mea nui loa ia i ko mākou wā.

ʻOkoʻa: Ka wehewehe

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Sable, ʻo "ke aliʻi o ka hulu manu" a i ʻole ka "gula gula" no ka mea ʻala maikaʻi a koʻikoʻi loa. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻāʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ʻike e pili ana i 17 mau ʻano ʻalā, heʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia, i ka nui a me ka ʻāpana o ke kapa, me kona ʻano maikaʻi. ʻO nā mea ʻo Burguzinsky ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia ka waiwai nui loa, ʻoiai ʻo ia e noho ana ma ke kahakai kahakai ʻo Lake Baikal.

Hoihoi mai e ike! I ka taiga impenetrable, ola kekahi mau ʻano līlū - kahi keʻa keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻohana o Kunyi.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻo Burguzinsky i hōʻike ʻia i ka helehelena o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo o kona kapa, ʻoiai lā hoʻi i pulu pū a me ka silky. ʻO nā subspecies ʻoniʻoni loa māmā a i ʻoi lauoho e hui pū me:

• ʻO nā subspecies Sakhalin.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Yenisei.
• Nā kumamai liʻiliʻi Sayan.

ʻO nā mea ʻoki a Yakut, ʻaʻole i emi iho ka hulu manuahi, e like me nā subspecies Kamchatka.

Kāleka

He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻelemakule ma kahi o ka hapalua mika, ke kaupaʻa ʻia mai 0.7 a 1,8 kilograms, a me ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻea hoʻi he 20 kenimika. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he nui loa ka momona o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.

Nui nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau o kēia mau holoholona a loaʻa ʻole i ko lākou inoa ponoʻī, e like me:

• "Ka poʻo", e like me ka ʻeleʻele, hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻeleʻele.
• "Fur", ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ke kukui māmā, e hōʻike ana i ke kumulukulu-melemele a i ʻole nā ​​kala melemele ʻona.

ʻO kekahi manawa hoihoi. Pili nā kala nui i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka holoholona a me ka noho ʻana.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau loko waena, ʻoiai hoʻi me ka "navy" hoʻokahi, i ʻokoʻa ʻia e ka hui like pū me ke aniani pōkole, me kahi kaila pōkole e holo ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kāʻei. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia mau holoholona i kahi kapa līpihi, a kahi wahi laka e waiho ʻia nei i kahi ʻeha. He mea kuhi, kahi kime kūlike me nā pihi liʻiliʻi a me nā wāwae liʻiliʻi. Ua pōkole ka huʻu, akā ua uhi ʻia ia i ka hulu ʻulaʻula a me ka olonā. I nā wā anuina, hoʻōla ka lauoho i nā wāwae, ke uhi nei i nā pale, a me nā pū. ʻO Sables molt hoʻokahi i ka makahiki.

Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano

No ka mea, ua nui kā lākou ikaika i ka nui o nā kaila o Siberia, ʻoiai ua ikaika lākou a ma ka manawa like i nā holoholona dexterous, ʻoiai kā lākou liʻiliʻi. Makemake kēia poʻe predator i alakaʻi i kahi nohona ākea, e koho ana no kona noho ʻana i ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai kuahiwi me nā mānoanoa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona i nā lei o nā lāʻau. Kuhi ʻia nā neʻe o ka wānana e like me ka hiapo ʻana, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā hiʻi ʻana ma ke ana he hapalua mita. Hoʻomaʻo koke ka huluhulu i kēia mau holoholona, ​​no laila e pale aku i nā ʻōmole wai i nā kaʻina wai.

Hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā sables e ke ʻano o nā ʻili i waiho ʻia, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā paena o 5x7 a i 6x10 kenimika. Pahu ka mea hoʻomaikaʻi i nā lāʻau a pau, a loaʻa hoʻi iā ia kahi lohe a me ke ʻano o ka ʻala. E like me ka hihiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia, e like me ka leo o ka leo, kahi i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ka cat meow. Kahi wikiwiki kēia mau holoholona i ka uhi o ka hoʻoilo o kekahi āpaʻa. ʻO ka nui ka ʻoihana o ka holoholona i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! Ke kaʻi ʻana o ka pū me ka lepo i ka ʻāina, ua hoʻoilo ka holoholona i kahi oʻo i ke kaila i loko o kahi uhi o ka hau i mea e hōʻoia pono ai ke komo a hoʻi i waho.

No ka hoʻomaha, hoʻohana ka mea predator i nā pā halehele, kahi āna e loaʻa ai ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule, me nā kuahiwi o nā lāʻau i kiʻekiʻe ʻole i luna o ka lepo, me nā pōhaku nui. Pono ka wahi e hoʻomaha ai, no laila ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lalo me nā māhele maloʻo e like me ka moss, leaf, hay, feather, etc. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ke kūleʻa i ka maka, a laila hoʻāʻo ka sable ʻaʻole e haʻalele i kāna wahi e mālama ai, e mālama ana i ka pāhana i loko ona ma ka pae o 15-23 degere. ʻAʻole mamao loa mai ka lehelehe, hoʻonohonoho ka holoholona i kahi lua no ia iho. I kēlā me kēia mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ke sable e huli i kahi hou no ka nano.

Pehea ke ola sable

Noho ʻia i loko o ke kaiāulu kūlohelohe, hiki i kēia mea kuhi ke noho i ka awelika o 7 a meʻehā mau makahiki. Aia nō kēia ʻano ʻōlelo i ka nui o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka nui o nā maʻi like ʻole, a me nā mea wīwī he nui i ʻimi pū i ka huelo. I ka pio, ke hoʻonui ʻia ka mana o kēia neʻe i ka manawa 2 mau manawa.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Loaʻa nā ʻike i hiki ai i ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kūkulu ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻano. I loko o Miocene, ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano genus, nona nā sable. I kēlā manawa, noho ka mea nāna i koho i nā wahi nui i ke komohana a me ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa, ma South-West a me Central Asia, ma ʻAmelika Hema.

Aia nā puka i kokoke i kēia mau lā i ka Pliocene. Loaʻa nā koena i loko o ka Late Pleistocene ma Urals, Altai, Cisbaikalia, i Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. Mālama ʻia nā palu i nā papahele ʻo Pleistocene Puka ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka East Sayans a me nā ʻāpana muliwai. KauwaHal. I ka manawa o ka papa mākaukau, ma muli o ke hoʻokumu ʻana o nā biocenoses hou, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka siehina. I kēlā wā, loaʻa i ka sable nā ​​hiʻohiʻona hiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aku i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana.

Mea noho holoholona

Hiki ke loaʻa i ka mauna mai nā mauna Ural a hiki i ka Moana Pakipika. ʻO kona wahi noho ai ʻo ka Hikina Hema a me Siberia o Rūsia.

Hiki i nā Sable ke ʻike ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe:

• Koria
• Mongolia.
• Kina Akina
• Iāpana (Island ʻo Hokkaido).

Ua alakaʻi ʻia kahi lawaiʻa ʻana me kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka sable i ka hapalua o ka wahikahi i kau ʻia ai i ke kenekulia i hala.

Noho ka holoholona i kahi taiga coniferous. Loa makemake ʻo ia i ke ahi, i ka lāʻau kedera, ka mea kōpū. ^ E Ha yM. Ma kēia taiga, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka nui o ka ʻāina i uhi ʻia i nā mosses, nā mea ʻūlū ʻia me nā makani ka ʻili, nui ka ua.

Hiki ke ola hou

1. I nā ululāʻau poinoʻole ma ka pāpū ʻo East Siberian.
2. I waena o nā kurums, ke noho ʻo ia ma nā puʻu mauna pili i ka taiga.

ʻO nā kurums kahi pā pōhaku i kūhiʻe me nā sima.

He aha mea e ʻai ai ke Sable?

ʻO Sable kahi pānaʻi waiwai. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai:

• nā kiʻiore-like
• nā ʻokiʻoki
• mau lākaʻi
• ʻūhā
• manu (sparrows, partridges, ʻeleʻele black).

Hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻai i ka protein. Makemake nā kāne pākeke e ʻai i nā hares.

Hōʻike ke kiʻi pehea i ka pono o ka sable no ka ʻai.

Kauka i ka manawa o ka makahiki ke kalai ʻana o kahi holoholona nui, hiki ke lilo i meaʻai na kēia holoholona. ^ E Ha yM. I ke kauwela, ʻike ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa i ka iʻa, inā ua kokoke ʻo ia i kahi muliwai nui.

Mai ka hānai holoholona, ​​makemake nui kēia holoholona:

• ʻōpala pine
• lingonberry a me nā lehu pua lehu,
• ka honu puaʻa kūleʻa pono.

He meaʻoluʻolu ʻo ia e makemake ʻole e ʻohi i nā huaʻai ma luna o ia mea, akā lawe wale i nā mea i hana ʻia e ka voles, squirrels, pine pine a me nā chipmunks.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻAʻole holo ka holoholona a me nā manu i kēia holoholona no ka meaʻai. Akā ʻo ermine a me nā kolamu i hana hoʻokūkū sable i ka wā o ka hopu. Nui lākou mea pio ma nā kiʻi-like rod. ^ E Ha yM. Ke hālāwai me kekahi o kona mau ʻenemi, hiki i ka ʻāpana ke waiho i kāna waiwai pio i mea e luku ai i kona ʻenemi i ka wā e hoʻololi ai ʻo ia i kāna meaʻai.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā holoholona i ka pilikia me nā kānaka kahiko ua nalowale ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio nō hoʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i kekahi holoholona hihiu nui, ʻoi aku ka nui. Eia pū kekahi hiki i nā ʻōleʻa ke hoʻouka i nā pōhā a me nā ʻukelele mai ka lewa. ^ E Ha yM. I ka honua, hopohopo ʻia lākou e nā lynxes a me nā bea. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka holoholona. Luku ʻo ia i kēia holoholona no ka mea nani a nani.

Hōʻailona holoholona hihiu

Hiki i ka holoholona ke huki i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Makemake ʻo ia e hele a puni ka honua. Kūʻē kekahi ma ka lāʻau, a lele ʻo ia i ka wai i kahi pahu. I ka lā hiki iā ia ke holo ma luna o 3 km. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka holo i ka hoʻoilo. I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai, pono ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano nomadic. I ke kauwela, hoʻemi ʻo ia i kona mau holo, no ka mea aia kahi manawa e hāʻule ai kekahi holoholona nui make.

ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka holoholona ma ka hau ma ke kiʻi.

Loaʻa nā alakiʻi ponoʻī nona kahi kue mokuahi kahi e ʻimi nei ia i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Inā lawa ka ʻai ma laila, a laila e hana ka holoholona i kekahi lua nona iho a hahi i nā ala hele mai ka noho ʻana a hiki i nā wahi o ka hopu. ^ E Ha yM. Ma kahi kokoke i nā holoholona nui i pepehi ʻia ke kūkulu ʻo ia i nā lua pōkole, e hoʻopili ana i ka neʻe o kāna neʻe mai ka puʻu a hiki i kahi e hānai ai.

I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i kahi holoholona hihiu ke neʻe ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana o ka hau. Mai hele mai i ka wai i ka hebedoma, e kau ana i nā kaila i loko o ka māno o ka uhi hau.

Hiki i kekahi holoholona ke hoʻonohonoho i kāna mau ʻuʻuku ma lalo o nā kumu o nā kumulāʻau nui, ma nā wahi papa.

Kālā mau lawai

Kau nā poʻe Hunters i nā pahele no kēia holoholona, ​​akā hiki iā lākou ke huki me nā ʻīlio. Hoʻokomo wale nā ​​ʻīlio i ka holoholona i kahi lāʻau, kahi e ʻoki ai ka mea maʻi. Akā inā hū ka holoholona i ka ulu lāʻau, a laila hiki ʻole ke loaʻa. ^ E Ha yM. A laila, kau ʻia nā upena a kipaku ʻia ka holoholona me kahi pākuʻi.

Taming Sable a me ka hoʻihoʻi ikaika

He maʻalahi ka holoholona ka hoʻokalakupua. Pēlā loa i ka pōpō i ka wā e mālama ai ia i ka home. E hoʻohana koke i ka hale. I ka noho pio ʻana, hiki i ka holoholona ke ola i nā makahiki 18.. ^ E Ha yM. No ka mālama ʻana i nā momi, ua mālama ʻia lākou i nā wahi mālama me ko lākou hoʻokuʻi ʻana ma nā wahi ulu. Lā ʻia nā holoholona no kēia mau wahi i pāpā ʻia no kekahi mau manawa.

I mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka wahi no ka hoʻokuʻu i ka sable, ka iʻa o ka meaʻai, nā wahi i aloha ʻia ai, nā ʻāpana ʻai a me nā mea hoʻokūkū holoholona he mea nui.

Ke aloha ʻana i ka hou i ke pio ʻana

He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā sables i ke pio ʻana. O kahi keia mea hāleʻa ka holoholona, a makemake ʻo ia i kahi āpana nui no ke ola. Pono ke kīpī me nā palahalaha hilinaʻi paʻa, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā puka makani me ka hao hao. Hōʻalo kēia holoholona holoholona a e wehe ka hale aliʻi me ka paʻakikī ʻole.

No ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana nohona maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā mea ʻala pepa i loko o ka hale paʻahao, makemake ka holoholona e pāʻani. ^ E Ha yM. Ke hānai huehue i nā manu, ʻo ka wahine ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana e hōʻike ka huhū i ke kāne, noho koke nā holoholona.

Wikiō: Sable

I ka wā kahiko o ka mōʻaukala, laha ka noho ʻana mai ka ʻenekena o Finland a i ka moana Pakipika. Ma waena o ka Pleistocene a me ka Holocene, i ka wā e haʻalele ai nā pihi a me ke ʻano o nā ululāʻau, haʻalele ka holoholona i ka wahi o ka palena o ka pae glacial a noho i nā wahi maikaʻi loa. 20-40 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea manawa ma ka Urals, ʻaʻole naʻe i hiki i ka nui o ka manawa ma hope o ka manawa postglacial (8-11 tausani mau makahiki i hala).

ʻO nā iwi o nā holoholona i loaʻa ma Altai ma mua o 100 tausani mau makahiki. Ma Zauralie a me Siberia, ʻaʻohe mau koena i ʻike ʻia ma mua o 20 tausani mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ke ʻike ʻia nā mamalia i ka wā ma mua. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻohana marten, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻopono ʻana i ka wahi paʻa, i ka lako meaʻai a me ke ala o ka hiʻona.

Holoholona holoholona. ʻO ka wehewehe, nā hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻano, nā nohona a me nā noho o ka sable

ʻO nā holoholona kupaianaha mai ka ʻohana marten ua lilo i gula gula nā Lūkini. ʻO ka nani o ka hulu manu o ka holoholona i lilo i kona pōʻino. I nā leʻa manuahi, e kūʻai ʻia nā ʻili o ka ʻili ma lalo o ka honu a ʻo kahi kaukani kālā i hoʻokahi. nolaila, ʻele - holoholona kākau ʻia ma Puke ʻula.

ʻAuhea ke ola?

Kuhi: Hiki i ke hau

Loaʻa ka holoholona hihiu ma Lūkini, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, Iapana a me North Korea. Noho ka hale pakeha Siberian coniferous a me nā ʻākauʻEulopa ma ka ʻaoʻao kahawai, hiki i ka mauna Ural i ke komohana. Aia nā māhele i ka mauna ʻo Altai a me nā mauna Sayan komohana. Ua hiki aku ka palena hema ma kahi 55 ° ka palena ma Western Siberia, a hiki i 42 ° i Siberia Eastern.

Aia ka pae i loko o nā kihi hema hema o ka Penia Korea a me Hokkaido, aia ka mea wili i loaʻa ma Sakhalin. Ma Mongolia, ua ʻoka ʻia ʻia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-komohana o ka ʻāina, e hoʻopuni ana iā Lake. Hubsugul. Ma Transbaikalia, kahi i kūleʻa nui loa ai ka huli ʻana o ka laikini nui loa, nā ʻōpio nui loa loa o kēia holoholona holoholona e noho ai i nā ululāʻau. Ma ka hikina ʻo Kazakhstan, noho ia i nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai ʻo Uba a me Bukhtarma. Ma Kina, aia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau i nā mauna o Southern Altai, i ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina o ka ʻāina - i ka moku ʻo Heilongjiang, a i ka pūpū o Changbai Mountain. ʻO kahi noho o ka mea hoʻokumu i ka pae he 5 miliona m2.

Manaʻo kekahi ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kunih e noho i nā lāʻau kedera, ma nā puʻu kuahiwi, kahi i waiho ai kahi lāʻau cedar. Maanei aia ua nui nā koʻikoʻi i ka hopu ʻia e ka nui o ka meaʻai - nā nati huaʻai. Hiki i kahi kanaka nani ke noho ma ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe a mākele, kahi e makemake ai ia i nā aila a me ka hāʻule. Noho ka holoholona, ​​akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lau ma nā nahele liʻiliʻi-ʻuʻuku a me nā kumu lāʻau palahalaha, ma nā wahi o nā moʻo a me ka pau, a me nā wahi marshy. Ma ka Palapala Kamchatka, noho ʻo ia ma nā ʻalā, a ma nā kumulāʻau kerebima alder a me nā lāʻau kedera. Ma nā mauna hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ululāʻau subalpine.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: holoholona taiga sable

Hōʻalo ka holoholona, ​​ikaika a luhi, hoʻoluhi me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ka hiki mai o ka hopu. ʻAe kēia iā ia e loaʻa ka mea pio, e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea ma o ka ʻohu a me ka rustle. E hoʻoikaika ka holoholona i kekahi manawa o ke ao a i ka pō, e hilinaʻi wale ia i ka maka a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai. I nā frosts, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i waho o ka puʻukū no kekahi mau lā.

He ʻāina kai ʻo Sable, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke piʻi maʻalahi i kahi lāʻau, akā hiki ʻole ke ʻalo i ka lālā a i ka lālā. E neʻe maikaʻi ana i lalo o ka uhi ʻana o ka hoʻoilo a hiki ke pakele i ka hahai ʻana, akā nui ka mea ʻai ma luna o ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka mea e makemake e noho noho ma kahi o ka hoʻohālua. Ke neʻe nei kahi kanaka ulu kino i loko o nā pihi liʻiliʻi o 40-70 cm, akā e neʻe ana i ka neʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ko lākou lōʻihi i 3-4 m.

He kahua paʻa kēia holoholona mai ka 4 a 30 km2, a he mau wahi noho leʻaleʻa kona no ka noho ʻana a me ka hopu. Nui ka pae a me ka hana i ka makahiki, ke kāne, ka wā a me ke aniani, ka ʻike o ka lehulehu, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. A awelika, holo ia aku ma kahi o 9 km i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi ola maʻalahi, ua haʻalele ka lūlū i kāna puʻu, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 30 km mai kahi o ka hōʻailona. Hiki i nā pākeke ke lawe i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i 150 km, e lawe ai i kekahi mau mahina e lanakila ai. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i kahi noho luhi nona iho, akā ke ʻimi nei i kahi kūpono no ka hānau a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā cub, a me ka wā o ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO ka hale i hū ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo, huluhulu, lichen, huluhulu, puʻuwai.

• malalo o nā kumu o nā lāʻau i hina
• i nā ʻōpala
• i kahi ʻā hala,
• i nā mea hoʻokomo
• aia i ka puʻu haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka pā.

ʻO ka manawa maʻalahi, ke holo nei mai ka hahai ʻana, e kipa i ka kahawai o nā pōhaku, i nā ʻaluna pōhaku, i nā lei aliʻi a i nā ʻūo lalo. I ka hoʻoilo, kanu i lalo o kahi hōkū hohonu o ka hau. Holoi ka holoholona i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki: i ka pūnāwai, ʻo ka hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki, a ʻo ka hopena i Mei, i loko o ka ʻūlū o kēia manawa ke hoʻomaka nei mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Sable a loner ma ke ʻano, he polygamous ʻo ia. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau ʻikihili e waiho ana ma hope o ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū e hōʻailona ai i kahi. E hoʻomaka ka lāhui ma Iulai a hoʻopau i ʻAukake. ʻO ka manawa gestation e pili ana i nā lā 245-297. Mai kēia manawa, ʻehiku mau mahina e hāʻule ai i ka latent stage, i ka manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala nā embryos. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano hānai e ka natura i ʻike ʻia nā keiki i ka wā makemake ʻia.

Hānau ʻia nā pēpē hou i loko o ʻApelila, me kahi mea hina hina. Hiki i ka lua a ʻeono mau pēpē i kēlā me kēia litter. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 11-12 cm, kau paona 25-30 g. Hoʻomaka lākou e lohe i ka lā 22, a ma ka mahina ua ʻike ʻia lākou, ma ka lā 38 ua loaʻa lākou i nā incisors. I nā mahina 3-4, hoʻololi nā niho pēpē i mau loa. Ma nā mahina 1.5-2. e hoʻomaka ana nā pēpē e haʻalele i ka nalo, ma ka manawa like ua pau lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i ka waiū makuahine a paona ma kahi o 600 g, a ma ke poʻo o Sepatemaba ua hiki lākou i ka nui o nā pākeke a hoʻomaka ke ola kūʻokoʻa. Hōʻike ka hiki ʻana o nā hua reproduction i ka makahiki ʻelua o nā makahiki.

ʻO nā holoholona i ka wā o ka rutting a me ka hoʻohanohano e kani i nā leo like me ka meow, a me ka lili ʻana hoʻi o ka larynx. Ke ʻoliʻoli a hauʻoli paha lākou, ʻāʻī lākou, a i ka makaʻu, hoʻōho leo nui lākou. ʻO ka nui ola o ka holoholona ma ke ano he 8 mau makahiki, ma ka noho pio ʻana, ma ka awelika, a hiki i ka 15-16 mau makahiki, akā ua kākau ʻia nā hihia i ola kahi kanaka i 18-20 mau makahiki, a hānau mai nā wahine i nā keiki a 13-14 mau makahiki. E pili ana ka holoholona i nā pili interspecific, trophic (e ʻai a mea ʻai paha) me 36 mau mammals, 220 mau manu, 21 mau ʻano lāʻau.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona holoholona

ʻO kā mākou hunakule dexterous iā ia iho e lilo i pio no nā mea hoʻopiʻi nui.

He ʻewalu mau ʻano hānai:

ʻO nā manu, ʻewalu mau holoholona i hōʻeha i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi:

• keeto ʻōlule keʻokeʻo
• gula ʻōpiopio
• manuʻu
• goshawk,
• Sparrowhawk,
• owl owl
• hahelehl hoae.

ʻAʻole hiki ke make wale nō i nā niho o nā mea wānana, akā no ka nele o ka meaʻai, i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā hoʻokūkū interspecific huhū. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi hakakā no ka nohona a me nā kīʻaha meaʻai me nā ʻano he 28 o nā momi a me 27 mau manu o ka manu. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻenemi nui e aneane hoʻopau i kēia ʻano holoholona o ke kanaka. I ka makahiki 17, ua loli ʻo Kamchadals me Cossacks, e hoʻomohala ana i ka ʻāina ma nā palena hikina o Rūsia: 8 mau ʻeke sable i hāʻawi i hoʻokahi pahi, a he 18 no ka koi, ʻaʻole i manaʻo i kēia hulu ke waiwai nui.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kiʻi kiʻi

Mālama ʻia ʻo ia i nā hulu ʻoi a hoʻohana ʻia i mau kālā. Ua hoʻomaka ka luku nui ʻana o ka mea nāna i hana i ka hulu manu i ka makahiki 15 - 16th mau makahiki, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka pā o ke kālepa ʻana o ka mokuahi Lūkini. ʻO ke kamaʻāina kūloko ma mua o ke kapa i lilo i kālā, ʻimi liʻiliʻi no kēia holoholona. Inā ua hāʻule ʻo ia i nā mauhe, a laila kāʻili ʻia nā palahalaha a me nā pāpale mai ka huluhulu a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula.

I ka makahiki XVIII. ma ka ʻaoʻao oʻEulopa ma Rūsia, ua nalowale ka nani o nā hulu wili ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana. Ma waho aʻe o nā Urals, i Siberia, i emi iho ka noho ʻana, ka wā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mea hoʻolaha ma ia manawa i ka manawa hiki ke loaʻa i nā paʻu 100-150. ʻO nā papa hopu hopu i hana ʻia ma ia manawa ua hana ʻino ʻole ʻia a liʻiliʻi ʻia. Kahi uku kau i ka makahiki 1913-16. ʻaʻole naʻe i kūleʻa ka luna. Ma nā ʻumikūmālua o ke kenekulia hope, ua pau loa ka luku ʻana o ka holoholona. Nui mau poʻe o ka poʻe i noho ma nā wahi laha, a hiki i kēlā me ka hiki ʻole i ka pae ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1935, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka papa hana laʻa piha holoholona. I nā pālima, ua ʻae ʻia ka mea laikini laikini.

ʻO ka mea nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ia mau ʻāina e like me:

• Pauuan,
• Kronotsky,
• Kondo-Sosvinsky,
• Altai,
• ʻO Pechora-Ilychsky,
• Sikhote-Alin,
• Sayanana.

ʻAe ʻia nā hana palekana e hoʻihoʻi mālie i nā helu ma kēia mau ʻāina, mai laila mai ka holoholona e hoʻomaka ai e noho i nā wahi e pili ana. Ua hana maikaʻi ʻia ka Reclimatization, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka holoholona i nā wahi i ʻike ʻia ai, akā ua luku piha ʻia. I kēia manawa, ua hamama nā hana ʻili sable. ʻO ke kūlana honua - e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka hopohopo nui.

Ma ka makahiki 2013, i nā kaaniani kūlohelohe ma ka Lūkini Russian he 1346300 mau holoholona, ​​ʻoiai i ka makahiki he 1481900 mau holoholona. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kaila no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka helu ʻana o nā helu a hiki i ka 2010 i ka wā ma mua o ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ulu makahiki, a i nā makahiki ma hope mai, ma ka wā o hope. ʻO ka hoʻonui makahiki makahiki i nā holoholona i ka hāʻule i ka wā 40-60%, ia manawa ua aneane ka hapalua o nā makahiki. ʻAʻole naʻe i kiʻekiʻe loa ko lākou ola, ma muli o ka pīhoihoi, nui o lākou ʻaʻole i ola i ka hoʻoilo.

Kāke - ka haʻaheo o Lūkia, pono e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana i kahi noho ma kāna ʻano kumu. ʻAʻole hoʻi e ʻae mākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawaiʻa no kēia holoholona hihiu e huhū ana. I kēlā mau wahi kahi i liʻiliʻi ʻia kona helu, pono e pāpā iā ia i ka ʻimi ʻana no ia, kaohi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā laikini, a hāʻawi i nā kīmaha i kekahi lawaiʻa.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pūhaka a hiki i 56 cm, ke poʻo a hiki i 20 cm.

He ʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu o ka ʻili o nā kala, a o kona ʻano he mau inoa kūikawā. ʻO ka "poʻo" ka wahiʻele (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele). "Fur" - ke kala māmā, ke kala melemele a i ʻole nā ​​pua. Nā kikowaena kala: "kolo" - ʻulaʻula me ke kāwele ʻeleʻele ma ke kua, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao lihilihi a me kahi wahi ākea nui.

Manaʻo

Hāʻawi kekahi i kahi leo. E like me nā martens, ulu kahe i ka wā o ka makaʻu a me ka huhū, a me nā ʻūhā ʻana i ka wā o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻenemi. I ka wā leʻaleʻa, ua haunaele a hana i nā kani haʻahaʻa, hoʻomanaʻo i ka chirping. E hele pū ana nā pāʻani me ka lau ʻana, e hoʻomaʻi wikiwiki ana i nā kani guttural a me kahi puʻe.

Kālā

I kēia wā, loaʻa i ka sable ma nā taiga o Rūsia mai nā Urals a hiki i ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika i ka ʻākau i nā palena o ka mea kanu lāʻau. Makemake ʻo ia i ka taiga conclose paʻaʻeleʻele, maikaʻi loa iā kedrachi. Loaʻa nō hoʻi ma Iapana, ma ka mokupuni ʻo Hokkaido. I nā lālā Urals hikina, loaʻa i kahi hui o ka sable me marten, i kapa ʻia ʻo kidus, i kekahi manawa.

A hiki i ka kenekulia 17, loaʻa nō ka sable i Finlandia, a hiki i ka kenekulia 19, ma Karelia, nā mokuʻāina Baltic a me Western Poland.

He ʻauhau

I ka huina, he 17 subspecies ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻoniʻoni. Eia kekahi o lākou:

• Martes zibellina zibellina - Sable Tobolsk
• ʻO nā mea kanikahi Martes zibellina - Sable Barguzinsky. Pono maikaʻi loa kēia subspecies no ka mea he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me ka hulu ʻoluʻolu a me ke silky.
• Martes zibellina sahalinensis - sable Sakhalin
• Martes zibellina yenisejensis - Sabe Yenisei
• Martes zibellina sajanensis - Same sable
• Martes zibellina jakutensis - Yakut sable
• Martes zibellina kamtshadalica - Sabek Kamchatka
• Martes zibellina tomensis - sabz Kuznetsk
• Martes zibellina averini - Same sable
• Martes zibellina vitimensis - Sable Vitimsky
• Martes zibellina arsenjevi - Sabs Ussuri
• Martes zibellina obscura - chikoysky sable
• Martes zibellina brachyura - ʻili ʻo Kuril, ua ʻānai ʻia

ʻO ka lawaiʻa a me ka kālepa ʻana ma Rū ma ka ʻāina Mangazeysk (XVII keneta)

I ka makahiki 16, ma Western Siberia, ua hoʻokumu ka Lūkini i ka noho ʻana o Mangazeya, kahi i poni ai ka hulu i nā mea lawaiʻa. He waiwai koʻikoʻi ʻo Sable no Moscow. ʻO Sable furs "mai Muscovy", ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka noi nui ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka waihona o ka Moscow Grand Duchy, a ma hope o ke aupuni kikowaena Lūkia. Hāʻawi ʻo Mangazeya i nā ʻāpana he 85 mauʻu o ka ʻehilā hanā maikaʻi loa o kēlā me kēia makahiki mai Western Siberia. Ua hoʻokau ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana me ke ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 70 mau makahiki i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka ʻehiku ma ka wahi.

Kūleʻa i ka kenekulia 20

ʻO ka huina o ka heluna piha i ka makahiki 1973, ua like me ʻelua haneli kaukani, a e like me ka manaʻo o ka makahiki 1961–296 tausani.ʻO ka makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia 20, ua pau a pau ka ʻoliʻoli i loko o ka Teritori Krasnoyarsk a noho ma laila ma ka helu liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi kaʻawale. Ma hope mai, ma muli o nā hana palekana, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ka helu i ka pae mua, i ka makahiki XVII. I ka 1961-1963, loaʻa ka nui o ka huehue i ka wahi. A laila, ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui ma nā wahi he nui, hoʻomaka ka waiwai ʻolele, a ua hana ʻia kahi kūlana i hoʻoweliweli i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka palekana o ka ʻoihana huni, ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia i kēia lā. ʻO ka mana koho e pili ana i ka helu o nā sables i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: nui - ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 mau ʻeka no 100 km², medium - 12-25, he liʻiliʻi - liʻiliʻi i lalo o 12, loaʻa a me ka liʻiliʻi loa. I kekahi manawa ke kū ka puka ʻana - he nui - ʻoi aku ma mua o 50, akā me kahi kuleana, ʻolele, e like me ke kānāwai, noho wale i kekahi mau wahi, ʻaʻole hoʻi nā wahi nui.

ʻO ka wahi a me nā kūlana o nā waiwai ʻo sable ma kēia wahi e like me ka helu (Numerov, 1958, 1973, Lineytsev a me Melnikov, 1971, me kekahi).

Noho ʻo Sable ma ka mauna ʻoiga o ka Sayan a me Kuznetsk Alatau me ka nui no ka haina. Ma ka awelika, he "nui" na sables i kēlā me kēia wahi, a "nui loa" i nā pūnaewele nui i nā ulu lāʻau kedera. ʻO ka neʻe o ka heluna kanaka ma nā kumulāʻau pine ʻōpala a me nā hamo a hiki i ka 150 a hiki i ka 200 no 100 km². ʻO ia nā hōʻailona kuhikuhi loa no ka ʻāina. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1964, hoʻomaka ka helu a me ka hana ʻana ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka lawaiʻa nui. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili piha loa no nā pona ʻili no 1960-1970. huina he 18 tausani, a i 1973-1974. ua emi iho ia i 5.1 tausani I ka hapalima o ka apana, ua ku okoa loa ia ka la, a ma ka aoao i ka nui o ka helu o ka hapalua ka nui o ka aina.

ʻO ka wahi kaiāulu nui e pili ana i nā wahi kai nui a me ke kula lāʻau Chulym. Ma aneʻi, i nā ulu lāʻau wili, nā mokupuni o taiga, a me ka ʻāina ʻoiga, ʻo sable kekahi mau mea he nui. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, i ka makahiki 60 mau helu kona helu ma aneʻi he 20-25 tausani, a ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili loa ʻana i ka ʻili o nā ʻili i hōʻea 8,5 tausani. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o kona helu ʻana ma mua o 4-6 tausani, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻili i 1973-1974. naona 1 wale no pauku.

I ka taiga hema, aia i loko o ka moku ʻo Angara a kokoke i ka māhele Yenisei a puni, loaʻa nā "nui" mau ʻōlesetina i nā ʻāina konipoiʻeleʻele, a i nā helu coniferous māmā he "average". Maanei, e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1968, he hoʻomaka mau ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, a laila hoʻopau i ka helu o nā holoholona ma muli o ka make nui ʻana. Ma nā wahi ʻehā o Angarsk, e hōʻoki ana i ka nui o 10,5 tausani i hōʻemi ʻia i ka 4,5 tausani. Ma ka waena o ke taiga waena, he "nui" a mau keena ʻehā wale nō i nā wahi me nā ʻāina conifousʻeleʻele (Baikitsky district, Yenisei taiga ma ka moku Turukhansky). I nā ʻāina koena ka heluna "ka nui", a ma nā wahi nui "liʻiliʻi".

Ma ka taiga kūkulu ʻākau maʻamau, ʻoi loa ka nui o nā helu “ma waena” a me ka “liʻiliʻi”. Ma waena ma ka waena waena a me nā ʻūlau ʻūlani wale nō ma Evenkia ʻaʻohe mea luhi (hoʻomohala hoʻomohala e ka 80%), a e hoʻokokoke ana ka nui o ka hana i ka nui o ka hoʻonui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻohana maʻamau. Ma Turukhansk Teritory, ua kokoke like ka hana me nā mea maʻamau, akā ua nānā mua ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā wahi e kokoke ana i ka Yenisei a me Bakhta. Ua emi nā Billets, akā, ʻaʻole i like me ka manawa i hema: i Evenkia - mai 26 a 22 tausani mau ʻili. Ma ka ʻʻo loa o ka taiga ʻākau, ʻaʻole pili nā sable i nā wahi a pau, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o kekahi mau ʻauʻau kai, akā ʻo ke ʻano o nā kahua maikaʻi maikaʻi loa i loko o nā paʻu ua pale ʻole. Noho ka ʻōpū hoʻokahi i ka nahele-tundra: ma ka Yenisei a Potapov a me Nikolsky, ma ka hikina iā Kotuykan ma ka muliwai. Kotui a me r. Fomich, kahi mea lawe o Parrot.

ʻO ka hopena, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina i nā ʻāina maikaʻi loa ke kūleʻa ʻole ke kūlana me ka mahi ʻana i ka mahi ʻana. ʻO ka poʻe sable ka wikiwiki. Ua hāʻule pololei ʻo Billets ma muli o kahi leʻaleʻa nui o nā hōʻili i nā "kūhai paʻepa", a me ke ʻano hoʻi o ka luku ʻana i nā sables. Ke kūkulu nei ke kaʻina o ka pilikia. Loaʻa i ka hihia ʻehā nā mea ʻala "ʻili nā ʻili: hele nā ​​ʻili i ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana i hoʻolālā ʻia i nā mahiʻai, a ʻoi hoʻi ka nui o ka pana ʻana o ka lawaiʻa.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka hōʻemi o nā kumuwaiwai ma nā kūkulu ʻākau a me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa maʻamau i kahi ʻoihana sable. Pono e hana i nā hana koi e kaupalena i ka hana ʻana, a no ka pale ʻana i nā leakage o nā ʻili, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kāpae i ka poaching.

Ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau hohonu, e ʻimi ʻia nā sables me kahi husky. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻololi lākou i nā mokulele, ʻoi loa, he mau ʻāpana. Holo pinepine nā holoholona i ka holo lio. Hoʻohana loa loa ʻia ʻo Obmet. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili maʻamau ʻana i kahi lawaiʻa i nā ʻāina maikaʻi he 40-50 mau kekela. Loaʻa kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa he 70-80 a me nā pūlea 100-1140.

Ma muli o ka hulu nani, paʻa a me ka momona, ua kapa ʻia ʻo sable ke aliʻi o ka hulu puaʻa - "gula maikaʻi". ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻele ka sable, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻili. ʻO kā Barguzinsky sable, e noho nei i ka nahele Baikal, ʻo ia ka mea ʻeleʻele o ka poʻe i loaʻa ma Siberia a no laila no ka mea ke aloha nui ʻia nei nā aualaki hulu manu. ʻO ka mea noiʻi nui nui loa o ke ʻano o Barguzinsky sable ka mea ʻepekema Lūkia ʻo E. M. Chernikin.

ʻO ke ʻano nui o nā holoholona hopu he nui o ka pono o ke ola o ka ʻoihana kūʻai manuahi ʻoihana o ka wahi o taiga. Ka huina ʻo Krasnoyarsk Teritori e pili ana i ka 33% o ka hana ʻana i ka mea hoʻokūkū āpau-Lūkia a aia nō kahi mua ma kēia hana. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Sable ʻaʻole wale ma Russia, akā ʻo nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe: North Korea, Mongolia a me China. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Lūkia i ka monopoli mokuʻāina ma ka ʻohi ʻana i nā ʻūlele mai ka makahiki 1997, ke kalua ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana, no ka hapa nui, i kau ʻia ma nā lima pilikino.

ʻO ke kūlana e kū nei i ka pae ʻenehana.

Hana ʻia ʻo Sable e like me ka palena palena, kahi i ʻae ʻia me ka Kuhina Kūlana Kūlohelohe o Rūsia.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā kumukūʻai kūʻai ʻili o nā hiʻu sable i ke kaʻa kūleʻa ʻo St. Petersburg me ka palena o kāna hana e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ʻokoʻa like. Mai ka 2000, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻili i kūʻai ʻia i ka nui o nā sables i ʻae ʻia no ka hopu ʻana. Ke hoʻonui nei kēia ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a i ka 2013 ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku ma luna o ka palena, ʻo 193 pakeneka. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kūʻai ʻana a me ka hana kūikawā a ma 2013 ua ʻoi aku ka 323 pakeneka. Ma hope o kēia huakaʻi, ma muli o nā loli i nā kūlana mākeke furs, aia kahi hāʻule ʻike i nā kumukūʻai ʻoliʻoli a ʻelua a me nā kumukūʻai kūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, i ka 2017, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka nui o ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huakaʻi huluhulu manu Baikal ma Irkutsk. I ka makahiki 2017, uaʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka palena o ka manawa ma ka manawa 1,5, a ʻo ka nui o ka hana i hoʻolaha ʻia - ma ka manawa 2.15.

Ka helu o ka heluna o ka lehulehu, ka palena paʻa, ka hoʻomohala ʻina a me ka nui o ka uku no ka hoʻoneʻe hou i ke kūleʻa i ke kāʻei o nā makana ʻele nā ​​mea ʻoni a nā ʻoniʻoni i ke kūleʻa ʻana o St. Petersburg (2011-2017)

* Kuhi aku ma ka hale kūʻai o Baikal bulu, i hoʻomaka i ka hana ma 2017 ma Irkutsk

ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka palena hana, hana pilikino a me nā helu o nā makana ʻenekē i nā aʻa o ka honua

I nā makahiki he 3-4 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā hui Lūkini i kahi hana hoʻonui i ke au auctions. No laila loaʻa iā ka mea nui o ka hulu sable ma ka Baikal MPA i hana ʻia e kahi mea hana Russia no nā huahana hulu.

Wahi a nā poʻe akamai ʻo VNIIOZ iā lākou. prof. B.M. ʻO Zhitkova, ka hoʻololi o ka ʻili i ka ʻili sable ma kahi o 25% o nā hoʻolaha. No laila, i mea e koho ai i ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā koina sable maoli, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻoihana e 1.25. No laila, ʻo ka lawe ʻana, ma ka makahiki 2017, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 770 tausani kanaka, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i nā hāʻawi makana i ka nui o ka hulu i Kina, a me ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana o nā pā waiwai ʻona ʻokoʻa i kā Copenhagen a me Vancouver, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio me ka hilinaʻi nui e pili ana i ka pae ʻana. ma luna o 800 tausani mau pūlani, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 55% o ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia kūlana me kekahi mau loli i nā makahiki he nui mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2000. ʻO kēia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hōʻike nei i ka helu haahaa helu nui ʻana o ka poʻe sable i ka Leka Rūkia.

Eia naʻe, eia kahi hōʻike o ka dinamics o ke kūʻai aku e hōʻike ana i ka hana o ka sable, e pili ana i ke kūʻai aku ʻana ma kahi o 700 tausani pelts, ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ka palena o ka hopena lawaiʻa e kūʻa ai ka lehulehu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia hopena ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano moʻokalaleo o nā kumukūʻai a me nā kumukūʻai o nā huakaʻi ma ke kūʻai aku.

Pono e uku ʻia i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ana ma 2010. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā kumukūʻai i lilo i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waiwai i ka lelela. Aia ke hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i kēia mau hōʻailona ʻelua. Ua hōʻea ka pae kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki 2013, i ka manawa kūʻai he $ 267, a ua kūʻai ʻia nā ʻenehana 720 tausani ma kahi kūʻai. (675 tausani ke kūʻai aku). I ka 2014, ua hele ka poʻe lawaiʻa e lawaiʻa i ke kali ʻana i nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe no nā hē, kahi i hana maikaʻi ʻia e hoʻomohala ʻia i nā wahi mamao ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻolimalima kōkua, etc. I ka hapa mua o ka manawa, i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ʻulu o ka huluhulu, ua hele a hiki i kēia mau manaolana a kūʻai aku nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hulu i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka mākēkēē 2013 2013 a me ka leʻa o Ianuali 2014. Akā, ma lalo o kēia mau ʻano, ʻoi aku ma mua o 520 tausani ʻaʻole hiki ke waiho ʻia no ka ʻaihue. .skins. E hōʻike paha kēia i kekahi mau hana hōʻemi a me nā hōʻemi o ka nui o ka lehulehu. ʻO 2 mau makahiki i hala iho o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, a ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka ukana lawaiʻa o ka lehulehu, ua hiki iā ia ke ola hou, a ma ka makahiki 2017 618.6 tausani mau mea ʻele nā ​​mea i kūʻai ʻia ma nā kumukūʻai ʻelua Lūkia, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. Inā i nā makahiki i hala aʻe e piʻi a piʻi paha ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumu kūʻai, akā e kūpaʻa ana ma kēia ʻano ua emi ke kumukūʻai kūʻai, e hana mākou iā mākou me ka hilinaʻi nui o ka hana ʻana o sable, e pili ana i ke kūʻai aku o 550-600,000 mau kānaka i ka nui o nā auctions, ʻo ia ka palena lawena lawaiʻa e hiki ai i ka poʻe sable ke kū i.