ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ʻO ke kumuhana o ka Russian Federation ʻO ka Novosibirsk Wā ma kahi o ka moku'āina ʻo Siberian Federal. ʻO kona wahi he 178.2 tausani mau mika square. km Koho ʻia ka ʻāina i ka makahiki 1937....

ʻO nā kumu kumu nui o ka polū ʻana i ka hau me ka nui o ka wai wai e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka hau a me nā aniani, a he wahi liʻiliʻi wale ia i ka neʻe ʻia i nā kino wai piha....

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Nā pōʻino o ke kaiapuni: nā kumu a me nā hopena, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pōʻino i loko o Rūsia a ma ka honua Ua hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka "pōʻino kaiāulu" i ke kenekulia hope. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ke kaʻina, e uhi ana i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, alakaʻi i nā hopena hikiʻole....

Hoʻolaha nā hana olakino e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaolaʻenehana ma muli o ka hopena anthropogen o nā ʻano ola o nā mea ola like ʻole i ko lākou ʻano (bacteria, huʻi, a me nā mea hou aku)....

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pilikia o ka honua āpau i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka honua (i hoʻokahi kekona a i kekahi) i nā ʻāina āpau a me nā kānaka, ka hopena o ka hopena i hiki ke ʻāpono ʻia e nā hana hui o nā kaiapuni āpau....

ʻO ke Kai Keʻokeʻo a me kona pilikia kaiapuni ma muli o ka hopena o ka hopena anthropogenic Ke Kai Paʻakai - ke kai ʻākau ʻĀina o Rūsia, nona ke kaiaulu Arctic, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kai liʻiliʻi loa o ka'āina: 90 tausani mika square....

ʻO nā kahawai a me nā loko o ka hoʻomehana honua o Antarctica ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ai nā glacier i nā ʻāina āpau, e komo pū ana me Antarctica. I ka wā ma mua, ua uhi piha ʻia ka ʻāina i ka hau, akā i kēia manawa aia nā ʻāina me nā loko a me nā ʻāpana, ʻaʻohe o ka hau....

ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana a me ka nalo ʻana o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā pilikia pilikia kaiapuni o ko mākou manawa.ʻO nā muliwai liʻiliʻi e noʻonoʻo ʻia mai 10 a 200 mau hola ka lōʻihi....

ʻO ka hū o ka lithosphere Ua kau ʻia ka wai o ka lithosphere i nā hopena anthropogenic ikaika: ʻo ka ʻōpala, ka salinization, ke kōpaʻa, hoʻomalo ʻia e ka hana a me ka ʻai make, nā hanaʻino i ka ʻili, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe....

ʻO ke kai Barents a me kona pilikia e pili ana i ke kaiulei: no ke aha ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ke kai maʻemaʻe o ka honua ʻO ke kai Barents ka moana o ka moana Arctic, e holoi ana i nā kahakai o Rūsia a me Norewai. ʻO kona wahi kahi kokoke i 1,500 kūmita mita. km, a hohonu hohonu loa he 600 m....

ʻO nā pilikia kaulike o nā kūlanakauhale Ka palekana o ke kūlohelohe i nā wahi i noho nui ʻia a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o nā kūlanakauhale....

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano haumia nā kumu nui a me ka weliweli o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka pōʻaiapuni kanaka, ʻike ʻia he kanaka, a he hopena hoʻi o kāna hana, ʻo ia e pili pono ana a hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni....

Nā ʻ PRlelo HĀLOLO O ECOLOGY MA KA TRANSPORT a MA KA MANAWA MANAGEMENT ʻatikala e pili ana i ke kumuhana o ʻEkuology (mai ka ʻōlelo Helene....

ʻO Ecology i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā pilikia a me nā hoʻonā Hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina ma waena o ke kaiapuni a me nā hana ʻepekema kanaka a me ka hoʻokele waiwai i ke kahua o ka kūkulu....

ʻO nā pilikia ʻekekema o ke kai o Okhotsk a me kā lākou mau hopena ʻO ka ʻeke iʻa o Rūsia, kahi e pili ana i ka 40% o ka hopu ʻana o ka halibut, salmon, pollock, code a me nā kīmi Kamchatka o Western, ʻo ke Kai o Okhotk....