ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Kahiʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka manu nunu, lōʻihi ke kino 29-31 cm, nā ʻēheu 45-48 cm, kaupaona 310-600 g, kino ʻōpū, hoʻopono, ʻāʻī pōkole. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa i mālama malū ʻia i ka ʻōpū ma nā lau nahele a i ʻole ma waena o nā mea kanu lāʻau. Ke neʻe nei ʻo ia ma ka wāwae, e kāohi wale i ka mauʻu māiʻu. Ke holo neiʻo Flies. Noheʻe ka lele ʻana me nā ʻōkuhi wikiwiki a me ka hoʻolālā.

ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka maʻamau hina hina monophonic o ka plumage, ʻulaʻula ka ʻili, kahi i ʻike nui ʻia i nā manu lele lele. Hōʻike ʻia kahi kāne makua kokoke i ke kapa moe huki i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāʻī a me nā papalina, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻalike hina o ka ʻāʻī, ke kīpī i nā kī ʻōpū māhā i nā ʻaoʻao, a he wahi ʻākoʻekuʻe mau ʻūhā ʻano ʻōpiopio ma ka ʻōpū, ʻike mau i ka wā e hāpai ai ka manu i kona poʻo, no ka laʻana. hopohopo. I ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e emi iki ke kala.

Hoʻohālikelike ka wahine me ke kāne, akā paler, ʻeleʻele a ʻōlelo ʻia ka “ʻeleʻele” wahine ʻole. Kuhi ʻia nā manu ʻōpio i nā kala hina a ʻulaʻula ʻole me ka ʻōlelo poepoe ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​ʻulaʻula, he ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula wale nō i ka huelo. Uhaʻi ʻia nā moa i ka melemele i lalo me ke ʻano o kahi ʻalopona a me nā ʻāpana lōʻihi i ke poʻo a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻehā o ke kino, i lalo o ke poʻo o ke poʻo, ka lei o ke poʻo a i hope o ke kua me kahi ʻula ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohui ʻē ʻia i Keklik e nā ʻeleʻele nondescript o kāna ʻaki a me nā wāwae, he “kapa” ʻeleʻele ma kona ʻōpū, nā ʻulaʻula a me kona ʻūhā, nā ʻōpū ma kona ʻaoʻao a he ʻulaʻulaa, ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele.

He leo leo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine i hoʻolaha pinepine i ka monosyllabic "chirr"A iʻole ʻelua-kumamālua"chirrek».

Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka ulu lāʻau, forest-steppe and steppe region o Eurasia mai ke kahakai ʻAmelika i ke komohana a hiki i Mongolia i ka hikina, i ka ʻākau a hiki i Scandinavia, i ka ʻaoʻao hema i ke Kaiwaena. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I loko o ʻEulopa, ʻo ka mokuna ʻākau e kū i Leningrad, ʻākau o ke kahawai Arkhangelsk, ka Repubalika o Karelia a me Komi. ʻAʻole nui, mau manawa maʻamau. Ke ulu nei ka lehulehu i waena o nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kau holoʻokoʻa, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi nohona pili maʻalahi, i kekahi manawa e hoʻoneʻe i nā neʻe lōʻihi.

Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. E makemake i nā pāla mosaic mosaic i kanu ʻia me nā mea kanu hihiu. Noho pū kekahi i nā kula i haʻalele ʻia, nā wahi nahele me nā mea kanu ma nā waikahe wai, ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā noho ʻana. Ma waho o ka manawa hoʻoulu, ka mea maʻamau i nā hipa me nā ʻohana o 5-20 mau kanaka, i kekahi manawa he mau hipa e hānai ana i nā haneli manu. ʻAi hōʻiliʻili pinepine i nā ʻili a me nā one ma nā alanui i pono no ka ʻohi ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻai pala i loko o ka ʻōpū, i kēia manawa ke hopu pinepine nei i ka maka. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau lākou i ka pō i loko o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo ʻole o ka hau, i paʻa paʻa i kēlā me kēia. ʻO nā manu Monogamous, e hoʻohālua i nā ʻohana i nā hipa i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, a laila hoʻohele ʻia ma nā wahi āpau. I ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka honua a e hōʻike ana i kahi moʻomeheu o ka hōʻike a me nā posture, e komo pū ka wahine.

ʻO ka pūnana i ka ʻano o ka lua kahi liʻiliʻi, mālama ʻole i ka lāʻau maikaʻi, nā lau a me ka hulu o kahi moa, aia ma lalo o kahi laʻu, muss, clump of grass and like. Loaʻa ka lehelehe he 12-15 mau hua melemele māmā monophonic; ʻike ʻia nā hua a hiki i 28 mau huahe. Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i ke kālai wale, a ʻo ke kāne kāne e kiaʻi i ka wahi ʻoihana. Mālama nā mākua iā i nā moa. I hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻo ia ke hoʻohua i ka wā ma hoʻokahi. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, he nui ka nui o ka hānai. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hānai nui ia i nā lau a me nā kumu o nā ʻala hoʻoilo, a me nā hua o nā mea kanu like ʻole. I ke kauwela, noho nā mea ola i kahi koʻikoʻi nui i kaʻai o nā pākeke a me nā moa.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Grey Partridge

ʻO ka Partridge he manu liʻiliʻi a nani loa. Ua kūpaona wale nō ia he 0.5 kg. He palahele hina ka partridges. ʻAʻole lākou i aʻo e lele maikaʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻi e noho i nā lālā lāʻau. Akā, laila holo holo maikaʻi lākou i nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a me nā nahele.

Kūleʻale nā ​​manu, mai lele i ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo. Hānau a noho lākou ma nā wahi like, me ka hoʻoilo. Hiki iā lākou ke waiho wale i ko lākou mau home ke ʻimi no ka hānai. A no ka ola e koho i nā wahi lau, nā mahina, nā nahele liʻiliʻi, nā lāʻau a me nā nāhelehele.

He aha nā mea eʻai ai?

ʻAi nā partridges i nā hua kanu, nā mea kanu, nā hua ʻai, a me nā mea ʻai. Akā, ʻo ka mea e hoʻopiha ʻia kā kā lākou papaʻai i nā hua lāʻau, nā mea kanu.

I ke kauwela kauwela, ma mua o ke ʻano o nā cereals, hiki i nā manu ke ʻai i nā ʻōpio, nā snails, nā pepona. Ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana o ka hua, nā pepeke, he nui loa i kēia manawa, e komo i ka ʻai o nā moa.

ʻAi male

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpū ma nā wahi, ma nā cereals, ma kēlā mau wahi kahi ʻaʻohe kanaka. Ma ka nano, hoʻokuʻu ka wahine mai 15 a 25 mau testicles. Mahope lākou i helu ʻia i 25 lā mau lā. ʻO nā ʻōpio Partridge e ʻike pinepine i nā ikaika, mai nā lā mua i holo koke lākou i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe.

Ma ke ʻano o hoʻokahi mahina, ua lele koke nā mau partridge mai kekahi wahi a i kēia wahi. Mālama nā malele i nā wahine a me nā masonry mai nā mea wānana, e wela i nā pipi liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou iā lākou iho, ka neʻe ʻana i nā ʻohana, ʻimi lākou i mea ʻai no lākou iho me nā mākua.

Pehea e heleleʻi ai nā hoʻoilo?

I ka wā lulu, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā partridges i nā hui o 15 a 30 mau kanaka, a noho lākou i kēia moku a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Akā ʻo ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa koʻikoʻi no nā manu. I ka wā o kēia manawa, he paʻakikī nui nā mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.

Aia ka nui o ka hau a i kahi seti wai i loko, a laila uhi ke kaʻe i ka hau me ka hau. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Partridges ke loaʻa i ka ʻai no lākou iho a ua make nā mea he nui.

Pehea e huli ai i nā ʻāpana?

Ke hoʻokau nei ʻo Partridge i ka manawa o ke kauwela-kauwela i ka manawa o ka manawa, ka maʻamau, me ka ʻimi manuahi i ʻae ʻia i kēlā manawa. He nui nā manu ʻimi me nā ʻīlio. ʻIke nā ʻōpana i nā manu ma ka mauʻu, ka ʻūhū, e hōʻike i nā wahi i kau ai lākou, no laila, i kēlā me kēia manawa pono ʻoe e mākaukau e pana.

E hele wikiwiki loa nā partridges, no laila ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa no ka ʻike. No kēlā mau holoholona luhi, hoʻohana i ka helu helu 5. E lele lele nā ​​manu ma kahi o 300 mau kekona.ʻO ia ka mea e lele kaʻawale ka partridges, a laila pono ke ʻike ʻia me ke kōkua o nā ʻīlio.

I kēia manawa, ke hūnā nei lākou i ka mauʻu, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokokoke iā lākou. Inā noho ka noho luna i kahi hoʻokahi, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hapalua hola e kū mālie. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hāʻawi iā lākou i ka haki like ʻole, a laila e lele lākou me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ʻoe i ka pua.

Holo paha ʻo Partridge me ka ʻīlio. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ko lākou noho ʻana. A ma ka hele ʻana i nā māla, pono nā mākaukau a me nā nāhelehele i mākaukau mau no ka pana. He manu maikaʻi ʻo Partridge, a hana maikaʻi ʻia i ke kīʻaha maikaʻi.

Akā, i ka manawa like, pono nā lawaiʻa e mālama i kēia mau manu nani a ʻaʻole hoʻi e loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi o nā mea maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia. No ka hoʻoilo, pono i nā manu ke hoʻonohonoho pono i nā mea hānai a hānai iā lākou. ʻAʻohe fluff, ʻaʻohe hulu!

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manu

He aha ka mea like me kahi ʻaihue:

• he poʻo liʻiliʻi o ke kala kalaʻeleʻele,
• ka papalina a me ka umauma he l light brown-hue,
• ke kino a poepoe me ka plumage hina-uliuli a me kahi kaho hina ma ke kua.
• ʻōpū ʻia ka ʻōpū me ka ʻili ʻia e like me ka kāmaʻa
• aia nā pupu pala ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino,
• ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula
• ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae a ʻūlū hoʻi ke kapa ʻeleʻele,
• loa kino 28−33 cm
• ka kaumaha o ka manu he 300-450 gr.,
• nā ʻēheu mai 45 a 49 cm.

Maikaʻi ka ulu a nā ʻōpiopio e nā kala ʻeleʻele hina ma ke kino. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā maka o ka plumage i nā wahine. ʻAʻole no kekahi mea ke kapa ʻia nā manu ʻoi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻimi i nā leo e hana ʻia e nā manu: ʻo ka pale o nā wahine i like like me ke kani ʻana o nā hens home, a ʻo ka "ʻuʻuku" ʻo nā kāne nā like me ka hīmeni ʻana o nā ʻano manu.

Ke kiʻi: hina hina (25 mau kiʻi)

Hoʻaiho

ʻO ka wahi noho o nā hens hihiu ʻo ʻEulopa, Asia Minor, Western Siberia, Karelia, the Middle Urals, Altai, a me Uzbekistan. Noho ka manu iā ia i loko o nā papahī, no laila ʻoi aku ka inoa o ka pahu ʻōpala i ke ala. Hiki i kēia manu ke loaʻa i nā ululāʻau, ma nā pāpū, ma nā ʻāina kuahiwi. ʻO nā māka cereal, deforestation, moorlands - aloha ʻia e nā hens.

ʻLeʻele a me ke ʻano

Noho ka partridge partridge i hoʻokahi wahi, ʻaʻole i ʻae i ka neʻe. ʻO nā kūlana koʻikoʻi wale nō e hiki ai i nā manu ke neʻe. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka nele o ka meaʻai a i ʻole ka hoʻoweliweli mau i ka ola. Ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona maikaʻi e pili pono ana i ka ʻōnaehana o nā hens hihiu. Hōʻalo nā manu, makaʻu wale.

Hoʻomoe nā manu i ka hoʻoilo a me nā manawa lohi i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā hipa, a ma ka pūnāwai ua kuhi lākou i nā pakanikua i ka wā hana. Ua koho ke ipo nei i kahi pānaʻi a mālama pono nā kāne i nā "waiwai ʻohana." ʻO nā manu ʻōpio i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, kā lākou hana nui ka huli i ka meaʻai. Pili ke ao a me ka pō i ka nui o nā hens steppe i nā wahi kaʻawale.

ʻAʻole makemake ka lele ʻana i kēia ʻano o ka poʻe lele i ka lele, hoʻāʻo nā manu e hana malū a mālie i ʻole ke hopu ʻana i nā maka o nā mea hoʻopuka. I ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā ʻenemi, lele ka moa i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a lele e lele ana i kahi mamao he haneli mau mika, kākele ʻoi me ka nahele i kahi mauʻu. H neʻe nā manu i nā hāhiʻi, lele ʻana mai ka manawa i ka manawa e lele ai i kahi manawa lōʻihi. No laila, ʻo nā partridges i nā wāwae ikaika me nā uaua hoʻomohala no ka holo.

ʻO nā wahi kaulana kahi e lime ai ka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau hohonu, e moe ana ka heihei i ka pō, e lele ana i nā pūʻulu o 5-10 mau kānaka. Ke peʻe nei nā "ʻoihana" i nā haʻahaʻa a me nā lāʻau palolo, kahi ʻole makani a hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka wela. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻana, ʻāwili ka ʻōpala i nā moena ma luna. He mau manu manu e moe ana i nā moena, e hoʻomehana ana i kekahi. Inā hemo ka hau, a laila hoʻomaha ka manu i ka pō. I ka hoʻoilo hau, ua ʻeli kahi ʻupena i kahi tunnel maoli me kahi lumi moe ma ka hopena, kahi e moe ai i ka pō i ka mahana a me ka palekana.

Hoʻokahi - manu ka mea makemake ʻole e lele

Kālaiʻihi - He manu ākea kaulana a pālahalaha. ʻO kona inoa ma nā ʻōlelo Slavic āpau ka manu e like me ka moa. Noho ia ma Eurasia a lawe ʻia i ʻAmelika. Ua mālama ʻo Hunters i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manu ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika. ʻOkoʻa nui lākou i kēia manu ulu aloha ʻole.

ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ka moʻomeheu honua. Aia kahi moʻo Helene kahiko e pili ana i ka hana kūlike ʻole o ka mea hoʻokalakupua ʻo Daedalus. Na ia i hoʻolei i kekahi haumāna mai ka pali i kiʻekiʻe iā ia i ka mākaukau. ʻAʻole make ka ʻōpio. Ua hoʻohuli ʻo Athena iā ia i loko o kahi ʻāpana. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei i kēia hāʻule, ʻaʻole makemake nā partridges e lele kiʻekiʻe a noho i ka papa ka hapa nui o ka manawa.

Meaʻai me ka Haʻi

He aha nā mea eʻai ai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kumu o kaʻai o nā manu he mau mea kanu: nā hua, nā aʻa, nā inflorescences. ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hōʻole i nā hens kīlaʻa mai nā ʻōmaka, nā kukuna, nā puna me ka palaki. ʻAno nā wāwae ikaika me nā ʻili puʻupuʻu e ʻae iā ʻoe e wehe i nā ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻāina a loaʻa i ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka manawa ʻo ka hoʻoilo he mea paʻakikī loa ia e ola ai; ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi. No laila, ke kaawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana, i hāhai i nā hipa, e hoʻokau kokoke i kahi noho kanaka. Haʻalele i nā hua ʻai ma ke kīhāpai ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ke kōkua ʻana i nā manu.

ʻAno hānau. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i nā moa steppe i ʻApelila a Mei paha, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā. ʻO nā kāne wahine a me nā wahine he monogamous, i kūkulu ʻia nā kāne no ke ola. ʻO ke kāne ke wehe i ka plumage, hana i kahi ʻano hula a me nā "crows". ʻO ka wahine mua, ka mea nāna e haki i ka manaʻo no nā kāne, a lilo i mea koho i koho ʻia.

Hōʻalo ka lāhele i nā lau nahele kiʻekiʻe ma hope o nā kumulāʻau pōpilikia a me nā lāʻau kokoke. Mālama pono nā mākua i ka hope me ka hulu a me ka lalo, nā lau, nā lau maloʻo. He nui nā manu. Hiki i nā wahine ke waiho i nā hua he 12-25 i ka manawa. He kiʻekiʻe ola kiʻekiʻe o nā huaʻai.

Nā paila o nā ʻāpana hina kūleʻa i nā ʻohana hoʻohālike. Hoʻomaopopo ke kāne i nā manawa a pau i ka hānai ʻana i nā kao mai ka hatching hua i ka hānai, a mālama pū hoʻi ʻo ia i kāna hua. Ke hōʻeha nei nā mea hoʻopuka, hopu ke kāne i ka pana nui, mākaukau ʻo ia e pale i ka wahine a me nā moa, ʻoiai ma ka uku o kona ola.. ^ E Ha yM. Pili nui nā keiki. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki lākou i ka nui o kahi pākeke ma 4 mau mahina. Kūkulu ʻia ka manu i nā makahiki 12 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā hae o nā moa i nā mea kūlohelohe

E noho ana ʻo Partridges i ke pio ʻana a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. Ma muli o kaʻai momona a me ka unpretentiousness i ka mālama ʻana o ka heihei wāwae i ʻano lākou i ka pāliki huaʻai. I ka nahele, ma muli o ka pono o kaʻai ʻana a me ka nui o nā ʻenemi, he ola haʻahaʻa o nā manu i ka 4-5 mau makahiki. Hooweliweli ʻia ka hihiʻa e nā holoholona:

• nā manu o ka iʻa: gyrfalcons, ʻānō, nāhe,
• nā mea hoʻonaninani liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana: nā ʻalopeke, nā ferrets, nā ʻalopiha arctic, martens,
• ʻO nā lāpū a me nā mea lāpū kahi hoʻonāukiuki ma kahi o nā home kanaka.

Hoʻonui nui i ka helu o nā ʻanoa me ka hopu nui a i nā hana kanaka.

Hoike

E ʻimi ana nā ʻāpana kūleʻa i nā wahi me nā meaʻai ʻono i nā hipa, a i ka wā i loaʻa ai, hana lākou i ke ʻano "guk-guk-guk" he mea hoʻomanaʻo hou no ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā moa. ʻO ka mahele koa i kiaʻi ʻia kahi "ku-kut-kut". Ma ka lele, makaʻu nā moa hihiu wiwo ʻole i ka "chip-chip, chip-chip-kipipipip". ʻO nā kāne, ʻo ia hoʻi no nā wahine, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui ka manaʻo nui, ka leo like me ka "chirr" a "chirric". ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻoili nā kāne i kēia koi, aia i kekahi kiʻekiʻe - ʻo ia hoʻi kēia mau hōʻailona o ke kahi a me ka weliweli i ka hoa paio. ʻO ka wahine keu i ka wā ulu, e paʻa ana i ko lākou pūnaewele, ka mea pinepine i ke kani ʻana i ke kani "kierr-kek", aʻo nā wahine i kēlā manawa ke ʻano o ka pūnaka. Ke kapa ʻia nā ʻikeke wahine a me nā kāne, ua kapa ʻia me ka quacking kūikawā, ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o ka moa, akā me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo ma ka hopena o kēlā me kēia kani. He wahine, ʻāʻī i ka pūnana, hiki iā ia ke men menlyly.

ʻO nā Partridges kekahi ʻano āpau o nā manu i kapa ʻia ka inoa Perdix. ʻO ka ʻōiwi he ʻāpana o ka ʻohana pheasant. ʻO ka pilina pili ʻana me nā ʻūhā, nā turkeys, pheasants, peacocks. guinea fowl, ʻōleʻeleʻele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moa a pau.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hapanui i ka ʻohana o ka pheasant, subfamily o partridge:

• Kālaiʻihi - kahi ʻano e komo 8 subspecies. ʻO kāna inoa ʻauhau a ʻo Perdix perdix. ʻO kēia ka māhele maʻamau nui loa.

• ʻ nloʻe i ka ʻulepule Tibetan ma Asia Asia. Aia nā ʻike i ʻekolu mau haʻawina. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o nā ʻano he Perdix hodgsoniae.

• ʻUlāhi ʻaina ʻaihue - ʻoiai like ia me ke kaho hina. ʻO nā pua ma Siberia a me Manchuria. Hoʻohele ʻia ka ʻike i nā ʻāpana he ʻelua. ʻO ka inoa ʻōnaehana ʻo Perdix dauricae.

• ʻO Keklik a partridge paha he lei ʻulaʻula ona me ke kala kala. ʻUla a ʻulaʻula a me nā wāwae.

• ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāpana me ka kala plumage e like me ke kīwī, akā he tint i pink. ʻO ka plumage ma nā ʻēheu e hoʻopili i nā ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo.

• Palapala ʻaina Shrub. ʻO ka manu ona me ke kala he ʻāpana kalae, me ka paʻu ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, nā brown a me nā ʻāpana polū ma nā ʻaoʻao a me kahi ʻokaʻula.

• Kapahapa pā. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi me ka laulima. Nā kala polū i ke kala ʻeleʻele, ʻākala a me kaʻaila.

• Kahalulu. He pāpaʻupuʻu hina-hina ke kane, he keʻena ʻulaʻulaʻula ʻia ke kāne i loko o kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi, e hele ana ma ka crest. I ka kuahiwi o ka spur.

• Hoʻohui ʻia ka hau a me ka keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele i ka poʻo. ʻUlaʻula ka beak.

• Kauohaia. ʻO ka maʻi nui i ka mokupuni, nui ka manu, nui ka wahine i ka hina o ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne me ka nui o ka plumage.

• Kāleka a ʻāhaehae paha. He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ka manu. ʻAno ʻeleʻele ke kino me ka polū me nā kāne a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi i nā wahine. Kahi kū kekahi ma ke poʻo.

No ka hāmeʻa hina hina maʻamau, ʻo nā wahi huna maoli kūloko a me ʻEulopa a me Komohana. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻohalahala ʻia ʻo ia ma Kanada, ke United States, South Africa, North Australia a me Tasmania.

Kuhi subfamily, huaʻikaʻi o ke koa:

• Pūnaewele. I ke kauwela, he ulaula-hina, akā ʻo ka hapa nui ia he keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula ʻia ka maka o ka maka. I ka pūnāwai ua ʻulaʻula ia, a ʻo ke koena o ka plumage he keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. Ma ka huina, e hoʻololi ka manu i kāna plumage 3-4 mau manawa i ka makahiki

• Tundra. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka plumage o ke kāne e nā hulu ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula ma ke poʻo a me nā poʻohiwi.I ke kauwela, he'ōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo me nā kāwili a me nā wahi. I ka hoʻoilo, keʻokeʻo, male kāne me kahi kapa ʻeleʻele i o nā maka, ʻaʻohe ka wahine.

• ʻO ke kāʻei keʻokeʻo, ʻōpala e like me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻili ke keʻokeʻo.

Mālama pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo

Pono ka ʻōpiopio e mālama a me ka pale i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole helu ʻia ka manu ma ka Red Book. Hāʻawi ʻo Ornithologists i nā hens hihiu i ka ʻalima, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻihoʻi pono ana i kāna mau helu. Mālama i ka hua momona o nā manu i ka mea i pau ʻole. ʻO ka hiki i ka mākole e waiho ma mua o 20 mau huaʻai i ka manawa he mau ʻokoʻa.

ʻOiai ke ākea ākea, he liʻiliʻi ka poʻe hipa o nā hens hihiu, ma kahi o 30-40 mau kānaka. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoiai me ka fecundity kiʻekiʻe, aia kahi hoʻomau i ka hoʻomau i ka nui o nā manu. Hoʻopilikia ka hōʻailona kikoʻī ʻaʻole wale nā ​​kūlana ʻāina a me nā kūlana kumuʻona, akā ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana hoʻi i nā minuke mineral, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kūwaho i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka agronomy. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā limuahi i ka lepo, nā mea kanu manu i hōʻoki ʻia ma luna o nā māla palaoa, ka mea make o nā manu.

E like me nā hana kūlohelohee pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano, ua mālama ʻia nā hana penei:

• ban
• ʻAʻole ʻokiʻoki i nā kīlaha huaʻai, waiho wale i nā pepeiao pristine kokoke i nā nāhelehele a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
• hoʻohana i nā mea kanu manu a me nā pesticides,
• hoʻonohonoho i ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona hala, luku i nā mauʻu.

ʻO Partridge hina ka mea e pili ana i nā manu, me ka ʻole o ka exaggeration, e noho ana e pili ana i nā kānaka no nā kenekulia. ʻO ke ola a me ke ola ʻana o kahi ʻano nui e pili ana i nā hana a ke kanaka.

Noho kahi e noho ai

No ka noho ʻana, koho ke kalana i nā ʻāpana ākea ākea o nā pā me nā kaola a me nā ʻūhā, nā ʻōpala, nā alahele. E aloha kēia manu i ka nui o ka wahi no ka ola a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā ʻuʻuku i loko o ka mea kanu a i ʻole ka ulana manu. Hoʻopili kēia me kahi meaʻai meaʻai - ua koho ʻo partridge i nā mahina me nā hua o ka buckwheat, oats a me millet.

Loaʻa ka Partridge hina i nā hapa he nui o ʻEulopa, e loaʻa mau ana ma Asia komohana. Loaʻa ʻo ia e ʻike ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka wahi maʻamau o nā manu i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia a me Kazakhstan.

Kahi ʻia ka hina hina Partridge mai nā ʻEnelani Pelekane a ma Portugal ʻĀkau loa i ke kua ʻāina o Altai. ʻO ka palena hikina o kona wahi noho ai ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Ob. Ma ke ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia, ua ʻike ka manu ma ke Kai Kaiʻula. Ma Western Siberia, noho ka manu i ka maukiʻi birch, loaʻa i ka mauʻu nunui a loloa. Ma ke kūkulu hema, ʻike ʻia nā nests partridge ma Transcaucasia, Central Asia a me Tarbagatai. Aia lākou ma Iran kūkulu ʻĀina a me Asia Minor.

Noho ka ʻoka i kahi noho ma ka hema, i kahi e hele ai a me nā wahi semi-wao. Akā ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina a me ʻākau, kahi i he nui ai ka hāʻule o ka hau, hoʻohua ʻia nā manu e lele i nā kihi o Ciscaucasia, Ukraine hema, a me ʻĀsia Waena. Ke hele nei nā partrlin a Grey i Siberia me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua, hiki i nā manu o kēia ʻano ke loaʻa i nā kahakai o ka loko o Lake Baikal, ʻo ia ke komohana.

Hoʻoikaika & Habitat

ʻO ka mahele nui o ka makahiki, ke mālama ʻia nei nā manu i nā pūʻulu, i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, kahi hana e hoʻopuni ʻia ai a puni ka ʻaki i haki ʻole ʻia. He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ʻo Collectivism. Noho nā manu i ka pō anuele e hui pū ai. Ke ʻānai nā kahu hipa a me ka lā hoʻomaha, kahi hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha manu e noho ana ma luna, kiaʻi i ke kūlana.

Nā Mākaha - nā manu ʻōpū. ʻO kā lākou poʻe hipa e lawe i kekahi manawa o ka hoʻololi o ke kula wahi. ʻO ke kumu no ka neʻe i kahi overpopulation o ka wahi. Hana ʻia kēia me ka holomua kūleʻa o nā hua he nui.

Hoʻolilo ʻoe i ka hoʻoilo ma ke alanui. ʻO nā partridges e noho ana i nā kuahiwi e like me ka noho ʻana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaiāulu, nā hana kanaka a hoʻōki i nā manu e hele.

ʻAʻole makemake nā partridges i ka lele. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa a lākou e hoʻopau ai ma ka honua. Kū lākou i ka lewa wale nō inā he pilikia. ʻAʻole nā ​​mea maikaʻi maikaʻi loa aerodynamic e hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka walaʻau i hele i ko lākou lawe-lawe. Ke piʻi a piʻi i ka lele, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me nā piula kūleʻa me ka hoʻolālā.

ʻO ka hiki ke lele, holo wikiwiki ma ka ʻāina a hūnā maikaʻi ʻaʻole ia i hāʻawi i ka palekana partridges. ʻO nā mea āpau āpau, mai nā ʻāpana kīlio a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, e hānai i nā māla e ʻimi ana i nā nisa a me nā pua o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻauhau huehue - nā ʻaleʻa, nā mea kuʻi, nā loilo - ʻaʻole i emi iki ka weliweli ma mua o ka lepo.

I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea hoʻopuka, loaʻa i ka partridges ka mea nui i ka hoʻoilo. I nā wahi me ka hoʻonaninani a me nā hoʻoilo hau hoʻoilo i mālama ʻia i nā pā. Aia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā mahina hoʻoilo, ma nā kapa o nā loko, i nā ulu lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻokele kahi hipa e hānai ma kahi pae o 1 square. km

I loko o nā hau hoʻoilo, hoʻokahe ʻole nā ​​ʻona i loko o kahi pūʻulu pōkole no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua hoʻopili pololei ʻia kekahi. Hoʻokumu lākou i ka pōʻai manu manu, nona nā poʻo i kuhikuhi i waho. Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonohonoho i ka hihia o ka lele ʻana i nā kānaka āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

I ka hihia o nā paukū hau, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia manu. Māhuahua ka pō i loko o kahi pū me ka hau. Aia nā hihia i hele ai nā partridges ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo mai kahi lele. Ua kū lāua i nā mākeke a hana i nā wahi no ka hiamoe ʻana o ka hau.

ʻO nā māla maloʻo, maloʻo maloʻo, ka ʻāina a me nā mea hoʻonani hulu manu he mau hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka ola. Ua loaʻa i ka kūlohelohe kahi ala: ʻāpana manu ua lanakila i kahi i lalo o ka lā e ka ulu a me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka hua.

Palapala palapala

• Madge S., McGowan P., Kirwan G. M.
  Nā Pheasants, Partridges, a me Grouse: He alakaʻi i ka Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails, a me Sandgrouse o ko ka Honua. - Princeton, NJ: ʻO ke Kulanui ʻO Nā Kumuhana ʻO Princeton, 2002 .-- 488 p. - ISBN 0-7136-3966-0. (eng.)
• Kurochkin E.N.
  He manu a nā ʻĀkia ʻAmelika ma ka Pliocene // Tr. a hui pū Sov.-Mong. pale ʻole. huakaʻi 1985. Kauoha. 26.S. 1-119.
• Zelenkov N.V., Kurochkin E.N.
  ʻO Neogene pheasant Central Asia. 2. The genera Perdix, Plioperdix and Bantamyx // Paleontological journal, 2009, No. 3, p. 79-86.
• Kozlova E.V.
  Nā manu o nā alepona zonal a me nā wao o ʻAmelika Huipū. Nā hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ZIN. T. 59.L., 1975.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

I ka Papa Hikina Keʻāina, ma nā wahi me ke anuanu huhū, hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i Pepeluali. Hana ʻia nā males. E koho i nā pūnaewele no nā nests e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaka lākou e kamaʻilio. Hoʻolālā ka hana mare i ka hana i nā kala i kēia manawa, nā neʻe a me nā leo.

Ua lohi nā kau. ʻO nā hoahana i hana i ka hui i ke kau ʻana a ola i ke kūleʻa hou, ʻoi loa ka hana hou ʻana i ka hui. ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu i ka koho ʻana i kahi hoaaloha ʻo ia ka wahine.

ʻAʻole mau ka koho i ka hopena hope loa. ʻAʻohe o ka manawa e pae ai, hemo ka la, koho ke wahine i ka hoa hou. I kahi ʻohana, waiho ʻia kahi hapa o nā kāne me ka ʻole o kahi mea ʻole. Hoʻopili lākou i nā hui manu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina koho.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu mua ʻana o nā ʻaina, ua ʻō ʻia ka hoʻolālā i ke kāne. ʻO ia e mālama pono i ka hemahema o ka ʻāina kahi i manaʻo ai ʻo ka nīnū. Hoʻomaka i nā kaua me nā mea hoʻokūkū. Ka hānai ʻana i ka wahine. Ke kūkulu nei ʻo ia i kahi pālua maʻalahi i kēia manawa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he puka kēia i ka lepo i kahi ʻāpana, ua loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o kahi kīwī me ke anawaena o 17-20 cm, kahi hohonu o 5-8 cm a uhi ʻia i ka mauʻu maloʻo.

A hala hoʻokahi mahina e hana ai i nā pāʻālua a me nā hoʻāʻo. Hoʻomaka i ka lā o ʻApelila, ulu a nā manu. Hoʻea me ka masonry. Hāʻawi ʻo Partridge i nā hua he 10 a 18 paha. Hoʻopaʻa ʻo Ornithologists i nā hihia o ka masonry i kau ʻia he 25 a ʻehā paha. Nā ʻāpana hua e pili ana i ka nui o ka manu: ʻo ka ʻaoʻao lōʻihi he 4 cm, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao pōkole he 3 cm.

Hoʻokipa ka wahine i ka incubation. Hoʻopau ʻia ka male ʻana ma hope o 23-26 lā. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā kikoo, i loko o kekahi mau hola. ʻO ka wikiwiki koke iho o ka helehelena e hele ai ke ʻano ke neʻe nei. Lawe ka makuahine i nā moa mai kahi o ka hānau hānau. Hoʻokahi ke kāne male i ka brood. Ma hoʻokahi hora ma hope mai, ua 100 100 mau mika ka ʻohana mai ka nano a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi.

Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, e hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā moa i loko o nā hebedoma ʻelua e lele i kahi mamao. ʻOiai e ulu wikiwiki ana ka pipi, e like me ka hui, e hoʻomau ana a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana, a i kekahi manawa, a i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe me kahi pūʻulu kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i hipa hou.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana

Malamahele - manu hoʻokipa a mālama pono. ^ E Ha yM. Manaʻoʻo ia e pili ana i ka pōʻino mai kahi mamao aku. K maluhia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana pheasant. Hōʻike wale nā ​​ʻōpio i ka wā huki a pale ʻole paha i kā lākou pili. Uaʻike nā ʻohana Partridge. Hoʻohui - aloha a me nā mākua maʻalahi, mālama a mālama pono i kahi ʻohana nui, ka nui o ka hiki ke hiki i 15 mau moa. Inā make kekahi makua, ʻaʻole loa e haʻalele kekahi i ka hua. He kūʻokoʻa ʻole nā ​​partridges. Lawe lākou ma lalo o nā ʻēheu ʻehā mau ʻē aʻe mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻenemi i nā kūlana kūlohelohe

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana hina mea no ka aneane āpau. ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā māhele ʻākau, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou e ka ʻīlio, nā ʻalopelo arctic, nā manu manuahi nui (gyrfalcons, peregrine falcons, nā ʻāneke). Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, e ʻimi ʻia nā ʻonikeke e nā ferrets, nā alopeke, nā mākaʻi o ka ʻohana fiona medium-rahi a me nā manu hānai nui (kites, aeto, aeto. Hiki i nā ʻōlima o nā ʻīlio hewa ke hōʻeha nui i nā manu.

ʻO ka pale o ka mākaʻi mai nā mea wīlani ke kala ʻana i ka plumage, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻana iā lākou i ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, a me nā ʻano hoʻoluʻu kūlohelohe. I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, manuahi ka manu. Inā naʻe e ʻike ka ʻenemi i kāna mea i pepehi ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia, lawe koke ʻo ia a haʻalele.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka wā, ka mua o ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi anu me ka nui o ka hau a me ka pohō i ka manawa mahana. Hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke alakaʻi i nā make o nā manu.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kumu no ka nalo ʻana o nā manu he alakine (ka kanu ʻana i nā pā me nā pesticides).

ʻAilana Hunt

ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu a ʻaʻole paʻakikī maoli nā ala e mālama ai iā ia, hune puʻuwai - kahi o nā lohana hoihoi. ʻElua mau ʻano o ka hopu ʻana: me kahi ʻīlio a mai ka neʻe ʻana mai.

I nā kūlana ʻelua, mālama ka mea mālama i ka maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā. Ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pō, hele nā ​​manu i ka wai i ka wai a i ʻole ka pāʻina kakahiaka. E aloha ana nā partridges e hānai i nā māla kahi e ʻoki ʻia ai nā cereals, buckwheat a millet paha. Ma ka waena o ka lā, e hoʻomaha koke ka mauʻu ma luna o ka nahele a i ʻole a lele ʻole e hūnā i ke kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe. I ke ahiahi ʻauai hou lākou i ka ʻai, a ma hope ke ʻano e hiamoe ai.

I ʻEulopa, aia kahi kāʻei o ka hopu ʻōpiopio, kahi e ʻimi wale ai ka ʻīlio a lawe mai i ka pāʻani pukana. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo ia mau pana o nā manu a ʻūlū. ʻO ka nui o nā huki e lawe i nā ʻōpala he nui.

I ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, ʻelua mau kānaka i ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻāpana pāʻālua: he kāne a me kahi ʻīlio. Ke pāʻani nei i ke kuleana poʻomanaʻo, pono ke kope i hōʻike i kona mau pono āpau. Me nā zigzags nui, ʻimi ʻo ia i ke aniani. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i kahi manu, kū i ke kū. Kauoha e kauoha ʻia ai ka lawaiʻa. Hōʻalo nā palahalaha me nā leo ʻole. Hiki i kahi mea lawaiʻa i lawe ʻole ʻia i nā trophies e pono ke kūpono i kēia manawa.

ʻAʻole pio kekahi ʻohana. E kānalua paha ka poʻe heʻe a ala aʻe ma hope. No laila, pono e hoʻihoʻi i ka pū ma hope o nā pana mua. ʻOiai ke kū nei, ʻaʻole lele nā ​​manu weliweli iki a hiki i ka ulu mauʻu i ka hapalua mile ka lōʻihi. Ke ʻae nei lākou e mālie, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i kā lākou huli ʻana a me ka pana ʻana.

ʻAʻole pono kekahi ʻīlio no ka ʻike a hānai i kahi manu i kahi ʻēheu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā holoholona ʻeha ʻole me ia. Holo manu kaʻahele ʻana me kahi ʻīlio ma kahi e nui ai kēia manu. ʻO ka holo ʻana mai ka hoʻokokoke mai ka mea i lawe ʻia i loko o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka poʻe e makemake e holo i nā ʻāpana o kā lākou kuʻuna, e hōʻike lākou i kahi e pono ai lākou.

Ma kahi o ka ʻimi manuahi me ka pū, nui nā ala ʻole koko i ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau manu. ʻO ka lawaiʻa me nā ʻupena, nā pahele a me nā nohoi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā keʻa kauwela a me ke kauwela o ka hopu ʻana i nā partridges he ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hopu ʻana i nā manu ola māhina partridge. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā manu no ka hoʻonoho hou ʻana i nā wahi hou.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e lawaiʻa ai me ka paddock. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi peni. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he pā hale hoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa kēia me kahi puka e piʻi nui ana. Uila ʻia ka puka e ke kaula lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka bait i ka pā. Ke waiho nei ʻo ia ke kali. Ke komo ka manu i ka pahu, huki a ka mea lawaiʻa i ke kaula a kāwī i ka pahu.

No ka hoʻopio piha ʻana i nā ʻāpana, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi upena. Me kahi pahu o 2 cm, i hana ʻia i ka kaula kapron paʻa, 200-300 mika lōʻihi, 7-8 mau laulā. Kau ʻia ia ma nā polu ma luna o ka ʻili. Hooho ʻia ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka pūnaewele, i hoʻokumu i kahi ʻeke ākea. Hoʻokele ka wahi ākea ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me ka lepo. ʻO ia, ua hopu ʻia ʻāpana hōʻike, holoholona hopu koke ia ma ka aina hopu, e kaawale iki malalo o ka upena.

Ke neʻe aku nei ka hui paʻa mai kahi mamao aku. Manaʻo e hānai i ka ʻohana a kuhikuhi iā ia i ka pūnaewele. ʻO ke kolikola lele liʻiliʻi e hāhū ana me ka pahele a hāʻule i lalo o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hele i waho.

Puke ʻula

Loaʻa nā partridges Grey i ka māhele 5: he ʻano ʻano kēia me ka helu hoʻihoʻi. ʻO kēia no ka uluʻana o nā partridges, nā wahine wahine i hiki ai ke lawe mai i ʻoi aku o nā hua he 20 ma mua o ka manawa. Inā ʻaʻole, e hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻanoʻehā.

ʻOiai i ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā wahi he nui, he hapa ka nui o nā kānaka i nā kula, mai 30 a 40 mau kiko o ka manawa. E like me ka ʻikepili o 2000-2003, ʻ–kele 1.62.6 i kēlā me kēia he 100 ʻeka ʻāina, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, aia ke ʻano maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia hōʻailona.

He ʻano ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāpana i kahi ʻāina i loaʻa i nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka wā a me nā kūlana climatic, ka nui o ka ua makahiki, ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me nā mea kanu i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu i ka mālama ʻana i nā māla i ka mea ʻawaʻawa ʻaʻole wale no nā pepeke a me nā rodents, akā no nā manu.

ʻOiai ka mōʻī kiʻekiʻe o ka hina hina i mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā holoholona mai kahi o ka luku.

E like me nā hana e hiki ai i ka pale ʻana i ka pau ʻana o kekahi ʻano.

• ka ʻoki ʻia ʻana o nā partridges ma nā wahi āpau.
• waiho i ka palaoa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻole kokoke i nā lāʻau lāʻau
• hopu i nā holoholona ʻēheʻe.

ʻOiai ka mōʻī kiʻekiʻe o ka hina hina i mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā holoholona mai kahi o ka luku.

Kahua home

ʻAʻole no kekahi mea wale nō ka hua'ōlelo 'lipapona "he manu like me ka moa" A ʻae maikaʻi kēia mau manu i nā kūlana i pio. ʻO ka hemahema, hoʻomohala ʻia e nā mea meaʻai o nā ʻiʻo a me nā huaʻai, hoʻoulu i ka ʻike o ka partridges i nā pā pilikino, ma nā kīhāpai ʻohana.

ʻO ka mea mua pono e hoʻomaka e mālama i kēia manu he manu moa, he aviary. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana ʻelua: kahi lumi i pani ʻia me ka hale a me kahi ākea i uhi ʻia me ka upena. Ma ke ala hele pono nā lāʻau Kalikimaka, nā kīkī o ka mauʻu, nā ʻōpala o ka mauʻu - nā mea āpau e hiki ke hoʻopili i kahi nohona kūlohelohe.

I ka hoʻoilo, he hui palaoa, ʻokiʻoki i nā lau, nā huaora, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā mea laʻu nō hoʻi i hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ka ʻai ʻana o nā manu. Pūnaewele me nā leʻaleʻa i nā hua o ka lehu mauna, berryberry, guelder-rose i kā ʻia mai nā lāʻau hoʻoilo.

Ke kokoke loa i ka puna, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka oviposition, hoʻonui ʻia ka papahele partridge e nā encamina encrat, kāloti, ʻiʻo iwi a me ka ʻai o ka iʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohui o nā meaʻai e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka calcium, e like me ka penikala.

Ma o ʻApelila-Mei, ua kau ʻia nā nests i loko o ka coop ka moa. ʻO ka maʻamau ka hapanui o nā hīnaʻi kahiko i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka mauʻu. Ma ke ala waena, i ka mahina o Mei, waiho nā partridges i kā lākou mau huaʻai a noho ma kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku. Ma hope o 23-26 lā, kū ʻia nā moa. I ka pau ʻana o ka incubation, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka moa kuikole me nā moa i loko o kahi pāhaʻi kaawale.

Inā hiki, hoʻokomo ka brood i ka pā hale ma ke alanui, i waena o ka mauʻu. ʻO nā lā ʻelua mua o nā moa hānai i nā hua manu. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i kahi papa maʻamau me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palaka. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, ua hoʻi hou nā moa i ka aviary maʻamau. Ua noho ʻo Partridge no millennia i kahi kokoke i nā kānaka a i mālama iā ia i ola. No laila ʻaʻole ia he mea naʻaupō e like me he mea lā.

ʻĀpana huahele: wehewehe kikoʻī

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana i nā ʻano ʻohana 5.

1. ʻAnokā (Daurian) partridge.Mahele māhele - Siberia Hema, Altai, Mongolia, Tibet Northeast a me Kina. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ia a me ka paona 260-400 gr. He ʻulaʻula-hina ke kala. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka jet ma ke kua. Ua loaʻa i kēia manu ka inoa no ka hulu hipa ma luna o kahi. Noho nā hale ma nā wahi ākea, makemake nui i nā kahe mauna, nā awāwa a me nā awāwa. Lele nui loa ʻo ia, ʻaʻole nalo i nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā lāʻau.
2. ʻĀpana ʻāpana ʻula. Kahele nui ʻia i ka ʻāina o ka Iberian Peninsula. Kūlike ka helehelena mai nā subspecies o nā partridges. ʻUleʻele a ʻaoʻao paha ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻEleʻele nā ​​hulu, ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ka huluhulu. Ma ka nahele, makemake nui nā manu i nā ʻulana ʻāina.
3. Tibetan puuku. Hōʻailona - Pakistan, Tibet a me Nepal. He manu liʻiliʻi kēia o nā hulu ʻeleʻele me nā ʻēhe motley a me nā umauma keʻokeʻo. Noho ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4 mau mika ma luna o ke kai nui, ma nā lāʻau ma nā lālā o nā kuahiwi.
4. Pūnaewele. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa i ke koena o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kala. Noho ia ma ʻAmelika Hema a me nā mokupuni Pelekane. Ma Lūkia, i māhele ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Sakhalin, Kamchatka a me nā kahakai o ka Kai Baltic. Makemake ʻo ia i nā tundra, nā nahele-tundra a me nā nahele i hui ʻia. I ke kauwela, he brown nā partridges. I ka hoʻoilo, ma hope o ka molting, keʻokeʻo ko lākou hulu.
5. Kāleka hina hina. Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ia he ʻano hana ia. ʻO ia ka mahele o nā subspecies o ka genus partridge. He like ka like me ka moa moa manu. Noho ma Eurasia.

Nā ʻĀina Grey Partridge

Kālaiʻihi - kekahi manu liʻiliʻi. He liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ma mua o kahi manu. Noho ia ma ka mauʻu ma waena o nā kumulāʻau. Mai kahi mamao aku, he hina hina ka mea hulu, ʻaʻohe halftones. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e hoʻoilo ʻole ʻia ka manu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa kahi plumage palaka.

Hōʻele ka manu i ka wāwae, hiki ke pale a holo koke. Hoʻohana ʻia nā manu o kēia ʻano i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma luna o nā wāwae. Noho lākou lākou ma ka papa.

Lele nui ʻo Partridge a he makaʻu wale i nā pōkole pōkole, nui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a inā paha he pilikia weliweli. Aia ʻo ia me ka uē haʻalulu, lele i lalo o ka lepo, e hoʻolālā ana i ka hoʻolālā me nā ʻēheu pōkole. ʻO ka huakaʻi o ka manu e hoʻopili pū ʻia e ka leo nui e hana ʻia e nā hulu hulu. O ka manaʻo hoihoi i nā hiʻohiʻona leo o ka ʻāpana kahi. Ua like me nā leo i hana ʻia e ka manu like me kahi leo hoʻokalakupua a leo nui me ka leo e hoʻāla ʻia ma ka hope. Nā manu alarmed, keu nā wahine i nā moena, ʻo ia nō.

ʻO nā mea ana a me ke ʻano

He wahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ka palahalaha 30-35 cm lōʻihi. ^ E Ha yM. He haʻahaʻa loa nā kāne i nā kāne a ʻo ka nui a me ke kaupaona. ʻO ka nui o kahi ʻelemakule kāne he 360-550 gr, ʻo nā wahine he 300-520 gr. Hoʻololi ka paona o nā manu ma muli o ka wahi a me ke kau. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o nā ʻEleka ma ko lākou ʻohana. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā partridges i ka paona i ka hāʻule.

He liʻiliʻi nā ʻēheu o ka manu - 45-50 cm. ʻEkole nā ​​ʻēheu (15-16 cm), i ka ʻaoʻao. He pokole ka hiʻu (7-8 cm), puni. Kūpono o ka lōʻihi ma waena, ʻaʻole i hulu. ʻAʻohe manu manu manu. ʻO nā papa he 4 cm ka nui.

Kūpono

Loaʻa i ka partridge kona inoa no plumage o ka hina hina-hina. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻohe ʻano kikoʻī a me nā hoʻonaninani ʻano i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe: aia wale nō i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua ke kua uliuli ʻōuli. He poʻoʻulaʻula ka pihi o ke poʻo, me nā ʻōmole hōʻailona a me nā kani iki. He ʻākena ke mua, ka pape a me ka hapa hapa o ke kua. He hina ke kua a ke kua a me ka umauma, me nā pupu ʻulaʻula a me nā pala. He māmā hina ka ʻōpū, me kahi ʻāpana brown brown i ke ʻano o kahi kāmaʻa. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā ʻaoʻao i ka nui o ke kala. He ulaula nā hulu manu, me kahi kaula keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā ​​kūpuna o Partridge, he melemele nā ​​wāwae.

ʻOkoʻa ka wahine i kahi kāne i ke kala o ka plumage. ʻAʻole like ia me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke kāne i ka peʻe. ʻO nā wahi ʻōpū like ʻole i ka pūhaka ma luna o ka ʻōpū, hōʻike palupalu loa.

Hoʻololi

Holoi hina ʻo Partridge hina i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki.

1. ʻO ka molly māhelehele i nā kāne e hana ma Mei-Iune a uhi wale i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kēia ʻano molting i nā wahine i kapa ʻia ma mua o ka male, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana i ka lā Malaki ma ʻApelila. Hoʻoulu ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka momona ma ke poʻo, poʻohiwi a me ka umauma luna.
2. I ka wā molt piha, e loli ka peni holoʻokoʻa. I ka wā pākeke, hoʻomaka kēia wā ma Iulai, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pipi. Hoʻomaka wale ka hoʻololi i ka plumage ma ʻOkakopa hoʻi.

Hoʻaiho

ʻRidgelelo Kūkā Palapala Partridge nā ʻāpana he nui o Eurasia. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, ʻo Sweden, Sweden, ʻĀpana Finland, waena a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema ʻo Pokukala, Italia, Greece a me ka hema o Palani. Noho ka poʻe ʻelele o nā ʻano i ka ʻāina o ke kūkulu ʻākau o Iran, waena o Turkey a me Kazakhstan. Ma Lūkia, e hoʻomaka ka palena ʻākau ma ke Kai Kūʻai, hele i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina, e hoʻomau ana ma ka hema Siberia a hoʻopau i Khakassia.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka partridge hina kahi i hāʻule ai ka ululāʻau me nā mea kanu a me nā wahie, nāhelehele ala a me nā alahele. No kēia, kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka laʻa wāwae. I ka waena o nā kenekulia kenekulia, hana ʻo Zoologists i Hungarian a loaʻa iā 35% ka manawa o kēia mau manawa o ka detachment moa i lilo i lalo o ka pale o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu, 65% i nā ʻāina paleke o nā kihi, a ma nā kīʻaha o ka ʻohi a i ʻole palaoa.

He mea nui loa no nā partridges hina nā waiwai waiwai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka lepo pala. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu ʻulu e noho i nā ʻāina ʻina. Ma nā kuahiwi, hiki i nā manu ke noho i nā wāwae i lalo i nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2 mano mau mika ma luna o ke kai.

ʻO Partridge kahi mea i hānai holoholona

ʻO ka lau Partridge kahi huahana momona a waiwai maikaʻi. E hoʻomaka ana ka mahina hunting mai Iulai a Nowemapa. Aia nō kekahi mau ala e loaʻa ai kahi manu.

1. Me ke ʻīlio. ʻOi loa nā ʻano lawaiʻa. ʻO ka kuhikuhi ʻana i nā pua, a me nā husky a me nā puna wahine, kūpono i kēia. ʻAʻole aneane ʻike nā partridges i ka mauʻuhele a me ka mauʻu liʻiliʻi, akā hiki i ka mea kime manu ke loaʻa ka pāʻani. Ke pīhoihoi nei i ka holoholona, ​​lele ʻo nā manu a loaʻa ka manawa i ke kanaka e pana.
2. Mai ke ala. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia kēia koho i ka hāʻule, i ka wā e ʻai nui ai nā partridges a hiki i ka aneane a emi loa ko lākou hiki ke lele. Ke hele nei kekahi kanaka ma kahi ʻānai manu e ʻānai ana i nā manu ma ka ʻaoʻao lihi a pua i nā manu ma ka lepo. Kōkua nā Binocular i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hipa.
3. Me nā pīpī. No kēlā ʻano kuhihewa ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi palapala kūikawā no nā mea kaua. Ma muli o ka nui o ka mīkini lethal liʻiliʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia he 20 mau mika ka lōʻihi o ka pana. E hoʻokokoke ai i ka manu, hoʻohana nā lawaiʻa i kahi decoy i like kona mau kani me ka leo o nā partridges.
4. Me nā mākeke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā manu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahele i ka hoʻoilo, me ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻae ʻana i nā hau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lālā wili a me ka birch ma hope o nā snails, nā puna o nā partridges i aloha nui ʻia. Mālama ʻia nā pahele i nā lāʻau no ka lawe ʻole ʻana o ka mea pio ma ka mea.

I waena o nā ʻimi ʻimi Aia kahi kānāwai i kākau ʻole ʻia: Mai luku i ka lehulehu o nā manu makua i ka pūʻulu, i ʻole e make nā manikia me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i nā lunakahiko.

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua emi ikaika ka heluna o ka hina o ka hina. ʻO nā pua nani wale nō o nā manu e hāʻawi i ka hopena ʻole i kēia mau lā i kēia lā. I nā makahiki 21, ua hoʻolauna kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawena lawena.