Ma Lūkia, aia nā hale kūʻai o ka lepaʻāina ʻo Atlantika o ka hōʻailona ʻeleʻele ma nā wahi ʻo Murmansk. ʻO kekahi manawa i loaʻa nā subspecies ma ka moku Arkhangelsk, i nā wai o Franz Josef Land, ka Bohemian Bay, ke Kara a me ke Kai Kūlehu, ma ka mokupuni o Novaya Zemlya. Noho ka ʻōkuhi Baltic i loko o nā wai o ke kai Baltic, ke Kaiʻāina o Finland, ʻO Thenia a me ke Kaiʻāina o Riga. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i ke kahakai kahakai ma nā kahakai. Mālama ka ʻōkuhi Baltic ma luna o ka hau wikiwiki (ka neʻe ʻole), a me kahi sila ʻo ka Atlantika - ma nā kahakaha mālie, pohō.
Nā hōʻailona waho
ʻO kekahi inoa inoa no ka hōʻailona ʻeleʻele hina ka hōʻailona lōʻihi lōʻihi, a i ʻole kevak. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kekeʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maka o ka hina hina. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e hele i ka 2.5 m, a ʻo ka huina ma waena o 150 a i 300 kg. ʻOkoʻa loa ka kala. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole, nā nui a me nā ʻoniʻoni i loko o ka huluhulu i loko o ka maʻiʻino.
Ke noho maʻamau
No ka hoʻouluʻana, e lilo nā mea kohu hina. Akā i ka manawa like, he mau hanana maʻamau like ʻole. Ma hope o ka hāpai ʻana i kahi wahine nui (ma kahi o 11.5 mau mahina), hānai ka wahine i ka pēpē me ka waiū no ka wā pōkole loa - e pili ana i ʻelua pule. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pēpē ma mua o ka pō. Inā, i loko o hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, he mea hoʻopilikia ka wahine, e haʻalele mau i kāna pēpē. Ke ʻike nei i kēia ʻano, ʻimi nā poʻe huni a me nā limahana mālama e hoʻopilikia i ka maluhia o nā sila. ʻO ka pēpē pēpē pēpē ka paona ʻana ma kahi o 20 kg, he ʻulaʻula ʻono keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ke kumu kumu o kā lākou meaʻai he iʻa. Herring, cod, hake, capelin, goby, salmon - ke lilo nei lākou āpau i ka waiwai o ka sila keleawe. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i loko o ka wai lepo. Hoʻohana i kēia mau holoholona i nā hōʻailona echolocation, ka pane i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vibrissae paʻakikī. Aia ke hele ʻana o ka sila hōʻailona, ua emi ka nui o ka puʻuwai a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi i ke koena o ka oxygen, hiki ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi o 20 mau minuke. Aia kekahi hihia i ka wā i noho ai ka wahine o kēia sila hōʻailona i nā makahiki 28, a ʻo ke kāne i ka 41 makahiki.
I loko o ke Kauka ʻAmelika o Lūkia
Ua hoʻoweliweli ka manaʻo o nā holoholona Baltic o ka hōʻailona ʻulaʻula me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana, he koʻikoʻi ka helu o kēia mau holoholona, a koi pono ʻia nā hana e hoʻopakele iā lākou. ʻAʻole nui ke ʻano o ke kūlana me nā subspecies Atlantika. Ma ka Red Book o Rūsia, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kolu mālama mālama ʻekolu, akā ma waho o ke kākela o Rūsia ua ulu wale kēia ʻano. Mai ka makahiki 1975, ua ʻimi ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā silahe hina, pālima a me ka hopu ʻana no ka ʻaʻa. ʻOiai no ka manawa kūpono no ka luku ʻana i kahi hōʻailona ʻulaʻula pono kekahi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua luku ʻia kēia mau holoholona i nā lāʻau iʻa.
ʻIke maoli nō
I nā lā o Soviet Union, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā holoholona moana i ka pale kaua i ka Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. Ua aʻo ʻia nā mea ʻepekema Murmansk i ka loʻomo a me ka hiki ke ʻano o nā ʻano kūloko, e komo pū me nā pinnipeds. ʻO kēia mau hoʻokolohua heʻokoʻa ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa honua. Ma USA, ua loaʻa iaʻu ke aʻo ʻana i nā liona moana a me nā sila. Akā ua hana pū kekahi poʻe ʻepekema Lūkini me nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana hōʻailona maoli no ka manawa mua. Ua lilo nā pinnipeds i mau haumāna maikaʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo a wikiwiki a hoʻokō lākou i nā kauoha, ke iho i ka hohonu hohonu a holo aku ma hope o ka moku, e hoʻomau ana i kahi wikiwiki a hiki i 40 km / h.
Me ka hiolo ʻana o ka USSR i ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā "koa kūikawā pinniped" e makemake i ka moku'āina. Akā i ka makahiki 1997, hoʻomaka kahi hana hou o nā hoʻokolohua ma ka wai o ka waihona o ka pae kaua: ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Red Stones aqua-polygon ma aneʻi. ʻO ke kāʻei a me ka hōʻailona ʻulaʻula i lilo i poʻe hakakā maikaʻi loa. Koho mua ʻia nā pēpē i ko lākou mau wahi kūlohelohe inā neʻe lākou mai ka waiū makuahine i ka meaʻai paʻa. Eia kekahi, hānai kūʻokoʻa ka mea kauka i ka hōʻailona me ka iʻa - ʻo ia ka mua a me ka hana nui o ka hamani. No ka hana i nā hōʻailona, haku lākou i nā hana paʻakikī: ke puka ʻana mai i waho o ka hoʻopuni a hoʻonohonoho ʻana, hoʻihoʻi ana i nā mea kūikawā. Pono lākou e hoʻokō pono i nā kauoha i ka kahua, hele i ka wai i ke kauoha, e ʻike i nā mea wai kūlohelohe a hoʻi hou i ke alakaʻi. ʻO ka hana nui o nā sila, ʻo ia ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā wahi kūlima wai a nānā i nā kaila honu.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka meaʻai
Ke Aliʻi Hoʻoilina (ʻ glelo nuku ʻo Nalichoerus) - kahi ʻelena nui o kēia mau sila, ua lōʻihi kona kino mai 2 a 3 m m, ke koʻikoʻi mai 150 a 300 300 kg. ʻAi ka hona ʻoniʻula i nā iʻa, invertebrates ma loko o kā lākou ʻōpū a loaʻa ʻole nā mea liʻiliʻi - he mau ʻano ʻano ʻoi ʻia kēia, ʻehā a me nā ʻono. I ka moana Baltic, hiki i kēia mau moana ke ʻai i ka cod, herring, eel, bream, salmon fish, a me ka cod a me ka pinagora i ka wai o ke kai Murmansk.
Hoʻaiho
Kekuhi kala ʻana kahele ʻia ka hapanui ma ke ʻano kahalaha o ke Komohana Akau, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa o Baltic Laut, me ke Kihi o Finlandia, Riga a me kekahi hapa ʻo ke Kihi o ʻAnia. Ma waho o ke kai Baltic ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻAmelika hikina, ua noho nā kulu hina mai ka Pelekikena Pelekane a hiki i ke kai Barents, ua noho lākou i nā wai kahakai o Great Britain a me ʻAralia, Orkney, Hebrides, Shetland a me Faroe Islands, a ʻike ʻia ma ke kahakai o Islandia, Central a me Northern Norewani. Ma Lūkia, e noho ana kēia mau sila ma ke kahakai Murmansk mai ka palena me Norewai a hiki i ke komo ʻana i ke komohana ma ka Pōʻulu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā mokupuni he nui i ka wai kahakai. I ka makahiki āpau a noho kēia mau pinnipeds i nā kūlana o ka paʻakai o ka wai kai.
ʻAno hānau
Keʻe ʻulaʻula hana i nā pulu paʻa. Ma kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa, kahi ʻokoʻa i nā manawa hoʻoulu, ʻokoʻa ʻole no nā pinnipeds, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o nā holoholona mai nā ʻano like ʻole, akā i nā holoholona mai nā like like ʻole. Ma mua ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, nā keiki o nā wī wahine wahine Baltic, e hoʻomake ana i ka hau o ka Moana Baltic, lawe mai i kā lākou keiki, ka hapa nui o lākou e whelping ana i ka hopena o Pepeluali - Malaki. Ma ka hapa ʻē aʻe o nā ʻāpana āpau, ulu ka hānau ʻana ma ka ʻāina ma kahi hope a lōʻihi loa. ʻO ka hapaiʻana i kahi hōʻailona kala mau e pili ana i 11 mahina, kahi (i hāʻawi ʻia i ka lohi lōʻihi i ka implantation), hoʻomohala ka pūpū ma mua o 9 mau mahina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā silahe hou a pili ka 1 mika a uhi ʻia i ka lauoho keʻokeʻo lōʻihi - no laila kapa ʻia lākou he mau ʻāpana.
Kāleka
Hoʻololi like ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kapa o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kāne a me nā wahi e noho ai, ka wahine a me nā makahiki. ʻAno hina ka hapanui o nā kala, akā hiki i nā ʻāpana ke lilo i mea ʻē aʻe mai ka pale a pau. Ma aneane ʻokoʻa kekahi kanaka ʻeleʻele.
Nā kauka a me ka lele
Noho ka hapanui o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika, ʻo ia hoʻi o kona wahi haʻahaʻa. Ma nā wahi a pau kahi e loaʻa ai ke kai Baltic. Hoʻopili kēia me ka bothnian (ʻaʻole āpau), ʻo Riga a me ke Kaiukua o Finlandia. Ua ʻike ʻia nā kime mai ke Kai Barents a hiki i ka Paʻi Pelekane, hiki no lākou ke loaʻa ma ke kahakai ʻo Ireland a me ʻEnelani. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka Faroe, Orkney, Shetland a me Hebrides ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe. Noho lākou i nā wai kahakai o Central a me ʻAmelika, a ʻo Iceland hoʻi. ʻO kēia ka mea ʻulaʻula ʻia i ʻike ʻia i nā wahi he nui. Ua pālahalaha kona laulā.
Aia nā māka mau kekona kahaha: nā Baltic, e noho nei i ke kai o ka inoa like, a me ka ʻAmelika, e noho nei i nā wai o ʻEulopa.
He aha nā holoholona e ʻai?
ʻAi nā kaona i ka lōʻihi i ka iʻa, aʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā invertebrates pinepine ʻole a liʻiliʻi iki. Hoʻohana pū lākou i nā honu, ke awa, a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka cumi. Ma ke kai Baltic he nui nā meaʻai no lākou: ke kīkē, nā kāwele, salmon, herring, bream.
Ke kūlana ʻona
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā subspecies o ka hōʻailona lōʻihi (nā ʻĀina a me Baltic, ma Red Book o Russia. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka hōʻailona kūlohelohe o Baltic ma Lūkia ma ka Baltic a ma ke kahakai Murmansk o ke kai Barents ua pāpā ʻia mai ka makahiki 1970. Mālama ʻia nā kahua hoʻomohala o nā kime (nā kahu manu) - i loko o ke kai Barents ʻo kēia ʻehiku mau wahi o ka Reserve Kandalaksha.
Pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻāpana ʻoluʻolu o nā kahakai o ke Kaiā o Finland a me Riga o ka Moana Baltic.
ʻO ka huina o nā ʻano he 120-170 tausani keu, nā Baltic subspecies - 7-8 mano.
Nānā a me ke kāne
Ma hope o ka pāpā ʻia ʻana ke kī ʻia, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hoʻopili hina ʻana i ka hana kanaka i nā wahi e noho ai kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pōʻino weliweli o ka wai kai e ka nāwaliwali a me nā wahi mahiʻai.
ʻO ka hopena o ke sila ʻana i nā ʻīlio lōʻihi i ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma muli o ka helu haʻahaʻa loa o kēia mau sila.
Kālā
Hoʻopili ka nūhou o ke kulu hina i ka ʻalani i ke kākā i ke Komohana Akau. I ka wā ma mua, ua kahakaha ʻia ʻo ia ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, akā i kēia manawa, ua māhele ʻia ka wahi i 3 mau wahi mamao. Aia kekahi ma ke kahakai ma waho o ke kapakai ʻo ʻAmelika, i ke awāwa ʻo St. Lawrence a me Greenland, ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe ma ke kaiāulu ma kahakai o nā mokupuni o Pelekane, nā Scandinavian Peninsula, nā kahakai Murmansk a me Svalbard. Ma nā wai Lūkia, ua loaʻa nā kime o kēia subspecies ma ke kahakai Murmansk mai ka palena me Norewai i ka ʻāʻī o ke Kaiʻula. A ʻo ka hope loa, ua pili ke kolu o ka pauku me ka moana Baltic, a me kāna mau uku a pau. Hoʻokumu ka hōʻailona Baltic i kahi subspecies kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka hānai kai a me ka hānai
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻeleʻele kahi like me ka iʻa, ʻelua e kahe ana i ka pou wai a me ka lalo. Loaʻa kekahi hōʻike ʻike momona loa kēia mau ʻīlio a hiki i ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa ma ka lā i ko lākou kaupaona ʻana iā lākou iho. Akā i kekahi mau holoholona kahi i mālama ʻia ai kēia mau sila, ʻo kā lākou ʻai ka kg o ka iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, e lawa loa ia no lākou. ʻO nā kikowaena nui i kahā mua ʻia e nā ʻili hina ma ko lākou mau forepaws, a laila ʻai ʻia i nā ʻāpana. (Ma waena o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia no nā sila hilo hina, ʻo ka ʻaluna, Atlanta, ka salmon, cod, pinagor, a me ka flounder). ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻuna e hoʻopau i ka holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i nā ʻīlima hina ke hele i ka hohonu a hiki i 100 m, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā mea iʻa benthic i kā lākou papaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ma lalo o ka wai no ka 20 mau minuke. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi maʻa, nāona ʻeleʻele i ʻai i ka invertebrates moana - squid, crab, a me ka huluhulu. Ma ka laulā, ua loli nui ka meaʻai o nā sila o ka hina ma muli o ka makahiki o nā holoholona, a hiki i ka manawa o nā makahiki a me nā kūlana kūloko.
ʻO ka ola Zoo
Ua hōʻea nā ʻekolu mau ʻīlima hina ma Moscow Zoo i Nowemapa 2015. ʻO ia nā holoholona ʻōpio - 2 wahine a he kāne, ʻo ka mea momona ko lākou manawa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 70 kg. Ua loaʻa iā lākou mai Roo Zoo, akā ua hānau ʻia i ka hihiu. Ma muli o ko lākou wahi hānau, ʻo ke Kaiulani ʻo Riga o ke Kai Baltic, no lākou nā subspecies Baltic.
ʻĀnō, ua mālama ʻia lākou i loko o kahi pani me kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau ma ke Teritua Nui e kokoke ana i ka pōʻai ski.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole i ka meaʻai, i kēia manawa 3 kg i kēlā me kēia lā, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ulu ana nā holoholona, e hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻai i ka 6-7 kg o ka iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia kekahi nui i ʻāpana, akā ua hoʻomaka lākou e haehae, e hoʻohana ana i nā kīkī ma nā mua.
ʻIke ʻia nā honi o kēia ʻano ma ka Zoo o Moscow no ka manawa mua.
Kāne
ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kāne ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 m 2 (ʻoi aʻe a hiki i 3 m a i ʻole), ʻo nā wahine ka 1.7-2 m. ʻO ka muzzle ka elongated, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ke kala, i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele, māmā ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka uluʻana i ka wahine i ke kāne ke hele ma hope o 6-7 mau makahiki, i nā wahine - i 3-5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka wā hānau ʻo 11-11.5 mahina. Ke keʻokeʻo nā pēpē hou. ʻO kekahi mau hebedoma ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki ke wahine hou. Ke hānai nui nei nā kai ma ka iʻa (a hiki i 5 kg i kēlā me kēia lā) - cod, flounder, salmon, herring, stingrays, liʻiliʻi pinepine - nā kīʻaha a me nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi.