1. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona mau mea hihiu.

2. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema mai 2 a 8 miliona mau mea ola i ka Honua.

3. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻike hou nā ʻepekema i kahi o 7,000 mau mea hou o nā pepeke.

4. Hōʻuluʻu nā ʻelele o nā ʻano nui o nā iniseti lohi i loko o nā lima o nā mea noiʻi i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō.

5. ʻIke ʻia nā pepeke e pili ana i 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a ola wale nō ʻaʻole dinosaurs, akā he mau cataclysms hou o ka honua.

ʻAno

6. I ke kaiāulu kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ke koena he ola ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā ma ke kikowaena, noho kēia mau mea ola i 4, a i ʻole he 7 mau makahiki a pau, kāne a me 20 mau makahiki - nā wahine.

7. ʻAʻole i nā ʻuʻuku nā kau - ʻo ka exoskeleton o waho ka chitin e hana i kēia hana.

8. Ma Thailand, hana ikaika nā mea ʻuʻuku i ka kuke ʻana.

9. ʻO ka mea ulu ʻino e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka Guinness Book of Records kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka "wanderer Brazil Brazil." Ua loaʻa i ka iniseti inoa kona inoa no ka nui o ka hana.

10. Ma ka palena o Thailand a me Malaysia, ua loaʻa kekahi kīwaha, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 25.5 mau kenimika. Lele kēia mau inikua 4.6 mika ma ka lōʻihi.

Kahiki hale

11. He mea ʻino ʻole nā ​​manu ʻaila. Aia ko lākou pepeiao me nā wāwae mua.

12. E like me ka ʻōmehana kemika, ʻo ka bee venom he acid, a ʻo ka wasp he alkali.

13. ʻO kekahi o nā pepeke ʻoi loa ma ka honua nā ʻōpala. ʻO ko lākou makahiki he 100-130 miliona mau makahiki. He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi, ke ola nei i ko mākou mau lā, ʻaʻole lākou i loli ʻē. ʻO ke kumu o kēia hana kūpono, e like me nā mea ʻepekema, e waiho ana i ka papa ola.

14. Aia kahi mea pīhoihoi e noho ana ma ka wao nahele ʻo African Namib - kahi pua i kapa ʻia ʻo Carparachneaureoflava. I mea e pale aku ai i kāna poʻe ʻenemi nui - nā wīlau alanui - ʻeli ʻo ia i nā lua hohonu, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka hāʻule ʻana i lalo, e like me ka huila, mai nā kaua. ʻO ka wikiwiki i kēia hihia he 1 mika no ke kekona, kahi mea e kū ai nā 44 mau pōʻai.

15. ʻO ka pepeke ikaika ka huki, hiki iā ia ke hāpai i nā kaupaona nā manawa he nui i ʻoi aku ma mua o kāna mea pono ʻole.

ʻ moswī maʻamau

16. ʻO kekahi kumu i ke pālahalaha mai o nā pōlū ma ke kaiapuni ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou hua. ʻO nā kūlana pōpilikia no nā mamo o nā pepeke he mea ʻole. Hiki i nā hua lemi ke waiho i loko o ka maloʻo maloʻo a maloʻo a hiki i 3 mau makahiki, a laila e ola me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela i ka wā e maloʻo ai ka honua.

17. Mea ʻai nā kao manu i ka lāʻau kanu a me ka nectar. Akā ʻo kekahi o lākou e hānai i ke koko ʻaʻole mai ka pōloli, akā e loaʻa i nā ʻōmua kūpono e pono ai no ka hānau keiki, no laila he wahine koko wale nō nā kāne, a ʻo nā kāne maoli nā mea kanu ulu.

18. Ma ka mea hoʻokahi i hiki ai i ka puhipuhi ke lele i ka 33 sentimita. Inā e hoʻolilo i kahi hoʻokō i loaʻa iā mākou, e lele ana kahi kanaka e like me 213 mika.

19. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka noho ola ʻana he mau ipo. Me kona poʻo i ʻoki ʻia, hiki iā ia ke ola no nā hebedoma. I mea e pane aku ai i ka hoʻopā a puni, ʻaʻole pono ka iniseti i ka lolo. Ma kahi o nā hana reflex kumu e hana ʻia e nā hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā io ʻiʻo o ke kino.

20. ʻAʻole hiki i ke ala iki i ka inoa o ka "butterflies" liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi "e noho ana ma nā Mokupuni o Canary.

Lele ʻūhini

21. He ʻūlū ʻōpala nui loa i ka honua. ʻO kēia pūpū, e noho nei ma Asia a me ʻAmelika, e ʻai nui ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā i kona kaupaona ʻana.

22. Aia he mau pōpoki e hoʻokele, a haʻalele nā ​​hua a make i ka lā hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole pono kēlā mau ʻalāʻau e ʻimi e ʻai i nā meaʻai, me ka hoʻopiha ʻana o kā lākou hanu kūwaho i ka ea.

Weevil

23. ʻO ka lole i loko o kahi palaka e ʻole i ʻai ʻia e ka moʻo pakeke, akā i kāna ʻano.

24. ʻO kekahi o nā popo ʻaʻole wale i ʻimi, akā pili pū i ka hoʻoulu holoholona. ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā ʻōpua, "hānai" i nā wīwī, cicadas, aphids, a loaʻa nā holoholona ʻehā ʻeke a i nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka uku no nā mea hana, he mea hoʻōla maikaʻi o nā "holoholona" i komo i ka meaʻai.

25. Hiki i kahi ʻōpala ʻeleʻele ke hoʻopili i nā kānaka he kanalima miliona.

ʻO ka holo kaʻaahi

26. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo i ka lele ʻana o nā pōpoki, ʻo nā loina a pau a me nā aerodynamics ʻaʻole pono e lele.

27. ʻO nā ʻēheu wale nō 2 milimili kahi liʻiliʻi ʻuʻuku - Acetosa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia mau pēpē nocturnal ma UK.

28. ʻO ka ʻuā nui nui loa ma ka Honua ka nui o ka tarantula goliath (teraphosis blond). Noho ka manu ʻōpio i nā wahi āpau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e ʻai ana i nā nahesa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻiole, nā pōkole a me nā pōpī manu. ʻO ka nui o ke kino o ka spider me nā wāwae pālahalaha he 25-28 mau keneta.

29. Hiki i nā mākele ke lele i kahi lōʻihi e like me ka lōʻihi ma 120-130 lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ponoʻī.

30. ʻO ke kālele nui o nā kime o Amazon he kaua, i ka manawa e hopu ai lākou i ka pupae haole. Ma hope mai, ua lilo nā mea pio i poʻe kauwā. ʻAʻole hiki i nā popokika ke kaua ka hānai iā lākou iho, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho i ke ola.

Kahu - Kau Pihi Larva - Lonomia

31. ʻAʻole nā ​​mea liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā nā mea anuʻu. ʻO ka wai pālio pōpilikia paʻakikī he ola lonomy e noho ana ma nā wana ʻōkapu ʻAmelika. He wahi ʻoluʻolu kona a me ka waihoʻoluʻu nondescript, akā i ka pīkī ma ke kino o ka laupili ke loaʻa ka mea ikaika ikaika, e hana ana me ka anticoagulant.

32. ʻO ka ʻālana o kahi pōpoki wahine ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka momona: makemake lākou i nā poʻe momona, nā ʻōpio, nā wahine hāpai, nā mea nona nā hui ʻelua a me ke kolu.

Beetle Vodolyub

33. ʻOiai ke kumu o ka ʻāpī wahine i hoʻohana i ke koko, ua koho ʻo ia i ka "kīʻaha" meticulously. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā wahine i nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a makemake i nā brunettes i nā blondes.

34. ʻOiai ka nui o ka nui, hiki i ka lele lele ke holo i ka 22.4 mau hola i hoʻokahi hola. Hāpai kēia mau manu hihiu i ka lele palu make no ka mea hoʻolālā maikaʻi lākou.

35. nā ʻula ʻoluʻolu me ke kōkua o nā paepae - eia ia kahi i loaʻa ai lākou i nā ʻōpala momona.

Koʻolauwi

36. ʻO ka mōʻī wikiwiki loa i ka lewa he pōlani, hiki ke hele i nā wikiwiki e like me 60 mau hola i ka hola.

37. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, kahi hapa o ka hua o ka honua i ʻai e nā pepeke.

38. He hiki i nā mako ke inu i ke koko a pau mai kahi kanaka. ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, pono ka nui o nā namu, ʻo ka nui o nā manawa maʻamau e hiki koke koke i kekahi wahi ma kahi hoʻokahi.

39. Noho wale kekahi o nā ʻano manu manuahi i ka lā hoʻokahi.

40. ʻO nā maka manu ʻalopona nona ma kahi o iwakālua tausani mau leʻa liʻiliʻi.

Nā mantis maʻamau

41. ʻO ka pepeke wale nō e hiki ke huli i kona poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao he mantis.

42. ʻO kahi ala ʻimi manuahi e hoʻohana ʻia e nā mākeke spadiator e noho ma Australia. Hoʻopili lākou i kahi pūnaewele i ka ʻaoʻao o kahi kuea, e hoʻopaʻa ana i kona mau wēwē ma waena o nā wāwae mua. I ka manawa i komo ai ka mea pōpilikia i ka pūnaewele, e uhi ʻia ka spider iā ia me kahi pūnaewele i ka holo wikiwiki.

ʻōwāwāwa

43. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, nui ʻia ka poʻe i make mai ka ʻoi e hū ana i nā ngohele.

ʻO 44. Nā kolo o ka huaʻōlelo Dorylus e hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka maoli i ʻApelika no ka hōʻoki ʻana a no nā hana hoʻokipa. Ke hana nei lākou i ka hōʻeha.

45. Kahi ʻohana 50 miliona ʻōpala wao i kēlā lā i kēia lā e hoʻopau i ka meaʻai, ua lawa ia no 1 tausani kānaka no nā mahina ʻeono.

Hole ka meli

46. ​​Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōniu o ka meli meli ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā ʻēheu - ma kahi o 11,400 mau kākia i hoʻokahi minuke.

47. I kekahi lā, ʻo kahi ʻōpala ʻōpala āpau o 50 mau mea ʻai i ʻai nui 4 i nā manawa hou aku ma mua o ko New Yorkers hui pū.

48. He noho ʻaila pāpaʻi a i ʻole alligator ka mea ola ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua loaʻa i kona inoa ma muli o ka ʻano maʻamau o ke poʻo.

49. Hiki ke ana ke koina o nā hāleʻa manuahi i nā tikona Celsius e kā lākou mau hūʻī. No ka hana i kēia, helu i ka helu o nā leo a lākou e hoʻokuʻi ai i kēlā me kēia mau minuke, e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia helu me ka ʻelua, a laila hoʻohui i ʻeiwa a hoʻokaʻawale hou i ʻelua.

50. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, e ʻai ana nā spider i nā inikini ʻē aʻe. Ma ke kaupaona o kā lākou mau poʻe i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ke kaumaha o nā kānaka a pau e noho nei i ka lewa.

1. Hoʻohana nā pepeke i kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i kā lākou mea waiwai

He mea paʻakikī paha ma ke ao honua a paʻakikī ke ola i kahi mea ʻuʻuku. Akā nā mea liʻiliʻi me kona mau pono. Ke hāʻule ka nui o ka iniseti, hāʻawi ka paona i ka ʻāina me ka poino liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke hele ma luna o ka wai, ma ka lewa a hana i nā mea he nui, hiki ʻole i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka.

2. ʻO nā mea ola a pau, nā pepeke ma ka honua ka hapa nui

E hoʻonāukiuki aku nā manu ʻana i ko mākou honua. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, aia ma kahi o 30 miliona mau mau pepeke. A nui ka nui o lākou i aʻo ʻole ʻia. Aia paha e nalo aku lākou mai ka ihu o ka Honua, ma mua o ka loaʻa iā mākou.

Nui ka nui o nā pepeke i nā'āina o ka'āina. Ua hana kekahi pūʻulu o nā mea hoihoi i kahi hoʻokolohua, ua aʻo ʻia lākou i nā mea hihiu ma ko lākou wahi. Ua loaʻa kekahi i nā haneli a ʻoi paha mau tausani o nā ʻano. A eia wale nō kāna i loko o kāna pā.

Pehea e kāpae ai i kahi kuhi?

No laila, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kahi o ka lā, inā ke huna ʻia ma hope o nā ao a hiki iā lākou ke holo. Inā ʻaʻole, heʻokoʻa ia. ʻOi aku kahi mau tausani o nā ʻano manu like ʻole i wehewehe ʻia. Hiki i ka flea ke hāʻawi i kekahi mau peke i ke kiʻekiʻe he ʻumi kenimita a ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kanakolu. ʻO kēia ke kiʻi e loaʻa i ka nui o ka hāʻule o ka wai me kāu wai lawai, e pono ai ʻoe e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapa a me ka hapalua miliona flea. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kuhi hewa ke noho i mau mahina a hiki i kona hiki ʻana i kahi makahiki i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kona mau kaikuaʻana poʻo. Hiki i ka liki ke lawe i kona mau wāwae mua no hoʻokahi mau minuke, ke kaupaona nei ka paona e like me kona mea ponoʻī he ʻelua tausani. Noho lākou e like me nā mea ola, a hoʻokē ʻai lākou i loko o ko lākou ola, ma hope o kekahi mau pule, a hiki i ka make no ka nele o ka ikaika. ʻOiai e haʻalulu nui nā kāne, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā wahine e lele a makemake ʻia e hūnā ʻia i nā pā a me nā mea hana. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā iniseti maikaʻi loa o ka poʻe e noho nei i kēia lā a i waena o nā kahiko ma ka Honua. ʻO nā mea a pau e hānau ai nā wahine e hoʻonui nui ʻia e nā partogenetics, huaʻili i nā hua i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka makuahine me ka hoʻomohala ʻole, a me ka ʻole o ka kāne a me ka makuahine hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā aphids i kūkulu ʻia me ko lākou ʻano hope. Aia wale nō ke hele ʻana o kahi mahana, ʻike ʻia nā kāne i ka wā e waiho ai nā wahine i nā hua kanu i hiki ke kū i ka hoʻoilo. A laila ma luna o ka wai i ka wai ʻona, no ka mea, ma lalo o ke ʻano. He mea nui loa inā inā e ʻoki mākou i ke kino o nā aphids, ka mea ʻai wai, hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ka puʻu, mai ka wai mai ke poʻo make no ʻelua a ʻehā mau lā. ʻO kā lākou lehulehu e ola nei mai kekahi mau mea ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o hoʻokahi poʻe, a no ka poʻe ʻē aʻe me ka ʻumi miliona. Hōʻulu ʻia ka nui o kahi koloni ʻōpala e nā wahine me nā ʻōpiopio atrophied. Inā mākou e uhai i kekahi o lākou, e hoʻopili kēia mau leona i ko mākou manamana lima, e like me ka lepo lepo kala. I ka manu hihiu, ola nā mea inikua aperitogenika ʻē aʻe, e like me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi mai ka keleawe a i ʻole nā ​​lau liʻiliʻi mai nā ʻolua e noho pū me lākou a loaʻa i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou waha. ʻAʻole he pepeke nā spider, pili pū kekahi me kekahi, akā he mau pūʻulu ʻelua nā holoholona i kūʻokoʻa maoli kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke, spider, myriapods a me nā crustaceans i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻehā ʻehā o ka arthropod. Hoʻohana ka māla hale lāʻau i kāna lole i ka manawa like me ka noho a me ka pahele. ʻO nā lole ka mea i ʻelua mau anana, nā kiaʻi waena a me nā radii e puka mai ana i nā kaula maloʻo a me kahi alualu hoʻowalewale, nā kaula kime a e pili ana i nā pūlima pono a hana ʻia e nā kelima sericenic kūikawā. ʻIke lākou i ka wā i hāʻule ai kahi pōʻino ma luna o kahi ʻōpala ma muli o nā haʻalulu. Ke hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ka mea pio, ke kīkī nei ʻo ia i nā ʻano poʻokela me kahi cheliceur ikaika, kahi i loaʻa ai nā pehu momona. Mālama kekahi spider i kāna mau wai momona, no ka laʻana, me ka lele, e hoʻouhi ʻia, a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻia i nā ʻatikala i nā palapala hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wai ʻala. a no laila ke hoʻopau iki nei i nā ʻuki a me ke ʻano o ka mea pepehi. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo unreachable e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i ka wā o ka hoʻopau ʻana. I kekahi mau'āina o Kina, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka siliki i hana ʻia e ka ʻikepili e like me ka kaula hoʻihoʻi. Ua loaʻa i nā pūnaewele Pūnaewele Spider ka pūnaewele he 2 mau mika. Hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻonui i kāna paona mua 200 manawa i kekahi mau lā. Hiki i nā ʻōpio nā makahiki a hiki i kahi makahiki ke ʻole kahi meaʻai. Aia kahi mau ʻehā i noho ʻole me ka ʻai no 4 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole maka o nā maka, ʻono a loaʻa i kahi manaʻo hoʻoliʻi.

• Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i ke kuhikuhi o ka laha ʻana o ka mālamalama polarized.
• ʻO ka nui o kahi lele he hōʻailona ia no kona ʻōpio.
• Ua hānau a lele nā ​​pua a me nā like like.
• No laila, mai noʻonoʻo ʻoe he mea liʻiliʻi nā mea liʻiliʻi.
• ʻO nā ʻūlū wahine e hāpai nei i ke koko nā wahine.
• Me kēia hāʻule, hiki iā mākou ke hana i ka ʻili i ke kahakaha o ka 2 miliona mau kānaka.
• ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana kūwaho o ka ʻAmelika ma like me kēlā mau mea he 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
• ʻOi aku kahi mau tausani o nā puaʻa i ʻike ʻia.
• Hiki i ke kuhihewa ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka ʻai.
• ʻAʻole lākou e hana i nā puka i ka lole, he lepidopteran lākou, e like me nā kīkī.
• ʻO ka poʻe e ʻaʻa nei ko lākou kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
• ʻAʻohe lole pono i nā lole ʻaina.
• He mea inikini kēia e pili pono ana i ka mau poʻe helehelena a me nā hua manu.
• ʻO nā Fossils i loaʻa me nā pepeke mai 300 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
• Hiki lākou i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 1 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola.
• ʻO ka aphids mua i hānau ʻia mai nā hua i kau i ka hoʻoilo ma mua.
• Loaʻa i nā Aphids kahi mau mania manamana i loko o ka proboscis i komo i ka mea kanu.
• I ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻano o kēia manawa he kanaono miliona mau makahiki i hala.
• Aia nā poʻe kahiko kahiko e noho i ka 100 miliona mau makahiki.
• Uaʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono tausani mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
• Kā helu ʻia ke kō ma waena o kāu mau meaʻai punahele.
• Hoʻolei ʻo ia i nā hua i loko o nā palahalaha a me nā crevices, waiho iā lākou i ko lākou wahi.
• Aia ma laila kahi mau ʻēheu i laila nā manu.
• Uaʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau tausani nā ʻano spider i hōʻike ʻia.
• He 6 nā wāwae o ka iniseti, a he 8 mau ʻanuʻu.
• ʻO Aranuelo nā ʻōkuhi maʻamau o ka poʻe e noho nei ma ʻEulopa.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i ka hui arachnid, kahi i kū ai lākou i nā ticks.
• Loaʻa iā lākou kekahi 8 wāwae.
• ʻOkoʻa nā wahine i nā kāne ma nā helu he nui i loaʻa i ke kino.
• ʻO nā wahine wale nō ke lilo i mau pōpō pīpī nui e piha i ke koko.

ʻO nā papa nui o nā papa

ʻO ke ola o nā iniseti e noho ana ma ka honua nei aia ma lalo o kahi paʻa o nā ʻepekema zoological. No ka ʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i hui.

Kahi ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona:

• ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana (me ka loaʻa o ka metamorphosis), kūkaʻa (me ka metamorphosis),
• nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka waha wahaheʻe - ka hānai, ka hakihaki, lick, gnawing-sucking,
• ka hele ana a me ke kikoo o na eheu.

Hymenoptera

ʻO nā mākaʻikaʻi kilokilo o kēia kīʻaha he mau ʻōpili, nā pi, nā awipala, nā kime. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ke ʻano holo loea holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke alo o nā ʻelua o nā ʻēheu mesh, ʻo ka hēʻihi a me ka hāmeʻa waha wahaʻī. Ua loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i kekahi inoa - nā pepeke lehulehu.

Inā ʻaʻole popa ke aniani, hiki iā mākou ke kau i kahi ʻāpana o ka paʻi adhesive a waiho iā 24 mau hola, i ka wā e pale ai mākou, e huki ia i nā māka mai loko o ko mākou kino. Inā loaʻa iā mākou ka tincture iodine, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mākou me ka waiʻona a me kahi pākiha loa e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia, a i ka manawa like e hoʻopau ʻia ai ka maʻa. Inā keu aku lākou i ka mānoanoa, a laila pono ʻoe e kau i kahi pāpaka paʻa i hoʻolāʻau ʻia i loko o ka turpentine, me ka bandage. Hiki iā ia ke hana me ka mīkini hana. . ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana, ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻopau ʻana; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka puhi ʻana, no ka laʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kūpaʻa.

ʻO lākou kekahi ʻohana o nā mea inikua olakino, e like me nā wasps a me nā pi, no nā kauoha a Hymenoptera. Kūkulu lākou i nā kolana i ka nui o nā kaila o nā poʻe predatory e noho nei i loko o nā wahi liʻiliʻi maoli i nā kolone nui i hiki ke noho i nā ʻāina nui a ʻo nā miliona o ka poʻe. ʻO kēia mau kolana nui he mau kaona wahine hala ʻole me nā ʻēheu, ka mea e hoʻokumu ai i nā "mea hana", "koa" a me kekahi mau pūʻulu loea.

Ua kupanaha mau ko lākou ola i ke kanaka.I kēia mau lā, iwakālua mau kaukani o nā pīhoʻomaʻo i ʻike ʻia e noho nei, ka hapanui o nā mea e hoʻopili ʻia e nā kānaka e hana i kahi huahana waiwai nui e like me ka meli.
Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe āpau e hana nui kēia mau inika i ko lākou ola a pau. I mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka 500 mau meli o ka meli i loko o nā pua, ʻo ka bee pono nō e hana i nā miliona 10 mau huakaʻi mai ka hive i ka pua a kā hoʻi ka waha. I ka manawa like, ua lohe ʻia kahi buzzing. Ua ʻike ʻia no ke kumu e ʻoki ai nā iniseti i ka lewa, e hana pinepine ana i nā eheu. ʻO kekahi manawa i ka pinepine o ko lākou pinepineʻana i ka 11500 strokes i hoʻokahi minuke. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he mooolelo. Kahi ʻia nā poʻokela i ʻike ʻia e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ma mua o 62 tausani mau ʻēheu lele i hoʻokahi minuke.
Ua aʻo ʻia kekahi kanaka no ka ʻūhā o nā meli meli, e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi no lākou e loaʻa i nā huahana beekeeping o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa a ma nā ʻano nui.
ʻO nā mea wīwī a me nā burrbees kekahi mau inikini lehulehu. ʻAʻole noho lōʻihi ko lākou ʻohana - hoʻokahi kauwela wale nō. Hoʻokomo wale ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka hoʻoilo, make ka ʻelemakule. Me ia, i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻo nā kāne a me nā inikua hana e hoʻopau i ko lākou ola.
He poʻomanaʻo nā mea maikaʻi o nā kauoha hymenoptera.

Aia kekahi mau kāne momona a ʻoi aku paha kahi wahine ulu momona i kapa ʻia ʻo "queens". ʻO kēia mau kolana ka mau manawa e like me ka nui o nā mea ola, e like me ka mea e like me ka ʻona, e hana pū ana e kākoʻo i ka kolone.

Ma kahi o mākou, ʻo nā holoholona wale nō e noho nei ma nā wahi ākea āpau o ka honua he mau ʻōpio. ʻAʻole wale wale nō akā, akā ma ke ʻano kanaka, ulu pinepine ia i loko o nā ōnima āpau e kolona nei. Kūpono lākou iā lākou he mau tausani miliona o ka honua, ua manaʻo ʻia he 15 a 25 paha ka nui o ka nui o nā holoholona i uhi ʻia e nā ʻū, ua like like me kā mākou kanaka. Ke kūleʻa nei lākou e like me ka hoʻokō i nā kumu like ʻole a mākou, no kā lākou hui pilikino a me ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nological ecological a lākou e noho ai.

Kaloka

ʻO nā kūmaka ʻulaʻula a me ke kala hoʻi nā kumu nui o ke kime. Noho lākou ma kēlā mau wahi kahi e pau ai ke kanaka e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe o kona home. Hiki i kēia mau inikini hakakā ke hoʻolōʻihi i kekahi mau maʻi lohi. Ke komo nei nā ipo i nā wahi i mālama ai nā meaʻai a ke kanaka, a me ka haumia iā lākou me nā huahana lapuwale.

A i ka hoʻomau i hoʻohui, hoʻohui nā ʻūlū i nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe e kōkua iā lākou i kā lākou hana. Hiki i nā ʻōmole ke kamaʻilio me kēlā me kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pheromones, ʻo ia nā hōʻailona kūlohelohe hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi me ko lākou mau kino. No laila, maʻamau lākou iā lākou ma ka papa, i hiki ai i nā ʻona ʻē aʻe ke honi i nā leka. A laila hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā ʻano ʻano ʻono me ko lākou mau anawaena uila lōʻihi, he ʻoluʻolu loa ia ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou i ka ikaika a me nā kumu no ka honi ʻana.

ʻO ke kumu e like ai he mea kilokilo lākou i ka wā e hānai ai kekahi i ke kō ma ka papa ʻaina. Hōʻipili ka lāʻau a me ka pale iā lākou iho ma ka hoʻopā a me, ma nā ʻano he nui, ke hoʻopili, e hoʻokiʻoki a maʻi ʻole paha i nā mea kanu, e like me ka acidic form. He mau miliona miliona i loko o kēia supercolony e noho nei i miliona o nā anthills. Hiki i kahi pīpī ke hāpai i nā manawa he 50 i kona paona a he 30 mau manawa o kona kino. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua holoholona ʻo ia me ka lolo nui loa i ka pānaʻi ʻia i kona nui nui. ʻOiai ke kaulana nā ʻalopela e hana i nā pūʻulu a e kū i ka maikaʻi maʻamau, ke hōʻike nei ka noiʻi he palupalu lākou i ka ʻano aloha a me ka hōʻino. Noho ka waʻa ma kahi o 100 miliona mau makahiki a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma aneane kēlā me kēia ʻano ākea āpau. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻili. Ke makemake nei kekahi naʻalolo e huki i ka nānā ʻana o kekahi, e palapa pū ana ke poʻo o ka satellite me kona mau antennas. E kamaʻilio ka hona ma o ka chemistry, pā, nā leo, nā ʻohu a me ka hihio. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea he nui, mau haneli mau haneli o nā ant legionnaires e hoʻomaka i ka hele, kahi e luku ai i nā mea āpau e pale aku ai iā lākou. I ka huakaʻi, lawe lākou i hua, a i ka wā e kū ai ka leʻaleʻa, ʻuʻuku lākou e hana i kahi pūnana ola i hana ʻia e ko lākou mau kino. Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka wai momona i ʻohi ʻia e kā lākou mau hoa me ka mālama i loko o ko lākou ʻōpū, pūnaʻi a hiki i ka immobilized piha. I ka wā palaka, ninini lākou i ka meaʻai a hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou ʻano maʻamau. Ua aʻo kekahi mau antsi e holo i kahi lāʻau i hanaʻia me ka lau a hiki ke kūkulu i ke alahaka o nā "ants." e hoʻopaʻa ana kekahi i kekahi e maalo aʻe kekahi ʻē aʻe. Inā he ʻano mea ʻuʻaha kēlā no lākou, ʻohi lākou i kēlā me ke ʻano o ka "ʻeke." I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, waiho lākou i kahi mea ʻono a ʻike nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ke ala a hiki i ka pololei ʻike. Hiki i nā holoholona he nui e aʻo i ke ʻano ma ke ʻano hoʻohālike, akā he hiki ke mālama ʻia nā ʻōpio i ka hui ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mammals kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻōlelo aʻo. E aʻo nō ke kumu a me nā haumāna pehea e holomua ana ka holomua o kā lākou hoalauna, no ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i ka mea haʻahaʻa e hele lohi ana i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai ka haumāna, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wā kūpono ʻole ke haumāna. I loko o South Africa, ua hoʻohana lākou e kōkua i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā riobs, nā mea kanu e loaʻa ana nā hua liʻiliʻi e hana ai i nā infusion puaʻa. Kohi i ka ʻolua a me nā hua ʻē aʻe a hūnā iā lākou i loko o kahi anthill, kahi e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke hōʻuluʻulu iā lākou.

• Hiki i ka popo ke ola no nā hebedoma ʻelua ma lalo o ka wai.
• Ua loaʻa ka ʻike kolone ma ka honua.
• Kuhi ʻia kēlā na nā ʻoma e kūkulu i ka 10% o ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka honua holoholona.
• Palapala mau ka Ant i ka ʻākau i ka hoʻohāinu.
• ʻAʻohe oʻomaʻo e ʻōpū.
• Ma ko lākou hanu ma nā puka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻōwaha.
• Ma kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 500 nā ʻehā o nā popo.
• Loaʻa i ka liona popopo kēia inoa no ka ʻai ʻana i kāna mau hoaaloha.
• I loko, e maluhia maikaʻi ke aliʻi wahine.
• Aia kekahi puna e pono ai ke kanu.
• Lawe lākou i nā aʻa a me nā huaʻala ma ke kāʻei o kā lākou anthill.
• Ke hopu lākou i kahi mea ola, nā mea mua a lākou e hana ai.
• ʻO kekahi ke kuleana no ka amputation o nā manamana.
• Hoʻonui ka mea kanu i nā hua he nui, kahi paʻakikī i ka hōʻiliʻili lima.
• Mai kahi anthill hiki iā ʻoe ke piʻi i 200 grika o nā huaʻa.

Hiki i ka wahine ʻōpiopio ke waiho i ʻelua mau miliona hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kēia mau mea helehelena nā pepeke liʻiliʻi like me nā pākeke. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, molt lākou, loaʻa ka ʻāpana o nā pākeke.

Lepidoptera

Aia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo like ʻole o ka ʻōpiopio; e hopohopo mau ana lākou i ke ola o kēia ʻāpana o nā ʻelele o ka manu. He like ʻole nā ​​kukupaʻi i nā ʻāpana ʻēheu a me ka nui. No ka laʻana, aia kekahi mau pepeke e hewa hewa ʻia i kekahi manawa no nā manu - pēlā nā eheu o kēia mau lolo.

He ʻano nocturnal wale nō kekahi mau holoholona. Aia ʻike ʻia na pupu ʻoluʻolu eʻai i ka meaʻai ma kahi ʻano ʻole - me ko lākou mau wāwae hind. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou mau ʻēheu i lilo i kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi mau ʻoihana ʻepekema.

Orthoptera

Aia nā ʻōkuhi, nā hīmeni a me nā ʻūhū i ka ʻohana o kēia pūʻulu o ka neʻe ʻana o ka holomua holomua (me ka loli ʻole)

ʻO nā mea ʻino nui loa o kēia kauoha ka ʻūlū. Loaʻa i nā ʻano pili i ka hoʻopili nui. Ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā holoholona nui (e hiki i ka helu ke hiki aku i 50 miliona mau kanaka), e holo ana nā ʻūhū i kahi lōʻihi. Hoʻopau ʻia nā mea kanu a pau ma ke ala o ka hehi manu. Hoʻokomo ka ʻohana ʻūhini i ka nui o ka meaʻai i ka lā kahi e pono ai ke kūlanakauhale lehulehu a miliona, e like me New York, i ka manawa like. ʻO ka hōʻeha ʻia e ka ʻūlū i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia i kekahi mau hihia.

Eia kekahi inoa inoa paha - nā pīpī. ʻO nā ʻelima ʻano ʻano me kahi pīpoki rhinoceros, behetle, ladybug, ground beetle, weevil a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua piha nā mea pohihihi, nā mea huna a me nā kaʻao i ke ola o nā mea i ʻole. Ma kahi o 400 tausani e ʻike ʻia ma ka honua.ʻO ka ʻelele nui o ka detachment - ka titan beetle - hiki aku i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻumikūmū ʻumikūmaha ʻumikūmākahi. E ʻike ʻia, nā lōʻihi he mau anana ka lōʻihi.

Hōʻike mau ʻia nā mea hou e pili ana i nā mea ʻino o kēia pūʻulu i ka palapala. No laila, no ka laʻana, he uʻe ʻo stag ka pīpī a ʻewalu kenimika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna peʻaleʻa i nā ʻōpala a ke koʻo nei i nā makahiki ʻelima. I kēia manawa hiki lākou i ka nui nui - e pili ana iā 14 kenimika.
He nui nā pīpī. Hoʻopau lākou i ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu mea kanu, nā nahele, nā meaʻai, nā huahana lāʻau, nā ʻili a me nā mea kūlohelohe.

ʻIke ʻia ka Honua he dragonfly. Hiki iā ia ke neʻe ma ka wikiwiki ʻo kanalima-ʻehiku mau kilomita i hoʻokahi hola.
Aia kekahi mau'āina kahi meaʻai anuanu maikaʻi loa. Mea ʻai nā meaʻai mai nā palaoa kīwī a me nā ʻūhini i nā protein, nā kalapona a me nā mea pono ʻē aʻe.
Hiki i nā Grasshoppers ke lele i kahi mamao iʻoi aku ma mua o ke kanaha mau manawa o ko lākou kino.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā lele lele e noho ana i kahi o lākou i hānau ai, akā aia nā hihia i kahi e kipa ʻia ai nā pepeke mai ko lākou wahi kūlima a ʻoi aku ma kahi o ke kanaha mau mile. Huli ka mea hiki ʻole i ka lele ke kū ʻole i ka ikaika o ka makani a holo me nā ʻōpū o ka lewa.
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema e pili ana i ka 26 miliona mau mau ʻaleka like me ka nui ma kahi like
ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻepekema hou ke ʻike i nā mea āpau no ke kumu no laila ʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau. Akā naʻe ʻo ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole maopopo loa. ʻO ke ao o nā iniseti ʻoi loa kahi ʻuhane koʻikoʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōlelo hihiu.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā iniseti, ʻike ko lākou ʻike i kahi kanaka e pili i ke kūlohelohe, ʻike i kāna mau kānāwai, a ʻaʻole hōʻino i ka honua a puni iā ​​ia.

pepona e ʻai ana nā mea āpau ma ka Honua i hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o nā kānaka a pau e noho ana ma ka lewa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻeke me ka pehu o nā kānaka e ʻai hou ana i ka maiʻa.

Noho 24 Kanaka manu.

Hoʻopili ʻo Termites i ka lāʻau i ʻelua mau manawa ma ka pōhaku paʻakikī.

Hiki i nā Scorpions keʻai kokoke i ʻelua makahiki, a tiki - a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki.

Hoʻomaʻo nā kukupu i ka meaʻai me nā wāwae ʻehā. Kūkulu ʻia ka kala o ko lākou mau ʻēheu i nā ʻāpana ʻili nui e hōʻike ana i ka mālamalama.

ʻAʻole hiamoe kahi Ants. Noho like he nui a he mau ʻolua (8800) i ka honua nei e like me ka poʻe ʻano manu (9000).

ʻO nā manu helole ka holo pōkole lele. ʻO kā lākou wikiwiki e hiki ai i ka 57 km / h.

Hoʻokumu ʻo Aphid i kahi pepeke elemakule mai kahi hua manu i 6 mau lā a noho ʻo ia i 4-5 mau lā.

He keʻokeʻo ke koko o kahi mauʻu hāō.

ʻO nā pepeke nā mea ola mua i kū mai ma ka Honua, ma mua o 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Mai ia manawa, ua ola lākou i ʻelima mau pōpilikia nui a ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā tyrannosaurs.

I kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe e make i nā pi ʻoi ma mua o nā nēnū ʻili.

Hoʻopau nā pōʻino i kēlā me kēia makahiki he 25-30% o ka wā o ka honua.

I ka maka o kahi nahenahe he mau mea ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 tausani mau lepa liʻiliʻi e kūlike, e like me nā ʻāpana o ka mosaic, he ʻano multifaceted (faceted).

E like me ka huli ʻana o nā kiko o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻuahine wahine i hopu ʻia a puni ke kaiāulu e hōʻike nei, 80% o kēia mau mea hihiu e ʻai ana i ke koko o nā holoholona holoholona.

Hoʻokomo kahi ʻohana pīhoihoi a 150kg o ka meli i ke kauwela.

ʻElua ʻōpū o ka bee - hoʻokahi no ka meli, kekahi no ka ʻai.

ʻAi nā spider-spider i kā lākou ʻupena i kēlā kakahiaka, a laila kūkulu ia.

I ke ola lōʻihi, hana ka bee i ka 1/12 o kaʻaila o ka meli.

Hiki i ka wahine ʻōpiopio ke waiho i nā keu he ʻelua miliona o ka makahiki. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi pēpē ke ola me ke poʻo ʻole no nā lā ʻeiwa.

Aia ma kahi o 35 tausani mau mea ʻikea spider a me nā mea hou e wehe i nā manawa āpau.

He mau meaʻai lākou i ka palaka, nā momona, nā huaora a me nā minelala. I Thailand, ʻike ʻia lākou he mea momona loa;

ʻO ka pipi nui loa o ka honua - Attacus Altas Me nā ʻēheu o 30 cm, ua pinepine pinepine ia i kahi manu.

Ua kapa ʻia nā hua ʻōlelo ʻai ma Rusia.

I kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka pua o kā mākou honua i nā pua 3 trillion a loaʻa i ka 3000 tons o ka meli.

ʻO nā pepeke nā mea ola mua i kū mai ma ka Honua ma mua o 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Mai ia manawa, ua ola lākou i ʻelima mau pōpilikia nui a ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā tyrannosaurs.

I kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 20 mau mau kau o nā pi. A no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi 500 g o ka meli, pono ka pīhoihoi e lele 10 mau manawa mai ka hive a me ka pua a me ka wīwī.

Hiki i ka wahine ʻōpiopio ke waiho i nā keu he ʻelua miliona o ka makahiki. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi pēpē ke ola me ke poʻo ʻole no nā lā ʻeiwa.

ʻO ka paona o nā iniseti a pau o kaʻai ʻana i ka honua ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka nui o ke kaumaha o nā kānaka a pau e noho nei ma ka honua.

Aia ma kahi o 35 tausani mau mea ʻikea spider a me nā mea hou e wehe i nā manawa āpau.

Aia ke koko o nā kahawai o ka hau i ka antifreeze, i hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā mahana a hiki i ke emi ʻana o 6 degere Celsius. Eia nō naʻe, inā e lawe ʻoe i ia kala kala i kou lima, a laila e make ia.

He ʻelua penises ka pepeiao o ke kāne, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka earwig i ka lōʻihi. E hakakā a maʻalahi kēia mau kino o ke ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu e hānau ai ka pepeke me kahi pākuʻi.

ʻAʻole hiamoe kahi Ants. Noho like he nui a he mau ʻolua (8800) i ka honua nei e like me ka poʻe ʻano manu (9000).

Hoʻomaʻo nā kukupu i ka meaʻai me nā wāwae ʻehā. Kūkulu ʻia ka kala o ko lākou mau ʻēheu i nā ʻāpana ʻili nui e hōʻike ana i ka mālamalama.

Hana nā Aborigines i nā palahele lāʻau Vitchetti e ka pale ʻana iā lākou i ka lehu wela. No laila, makemake lākou e like me ke omelet.

ʻElima mau maka he ʻelima. Ekolu ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo a ʻelua ma mua. Hoʻopili ka bee meli i kona mau ʻēheu i ka wikiwiki o 11,400 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia minute, e hana ana i kahi buzz ʻano.

Aia ma kahi o 400 tausani mau kauka ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka hiʻi o ka pīpī nunui, ʻo Titanium ka lōʻihi, hiki ke 17 cm.

ʻO nā manu helole ka holo pōkole lele. ʻO kā lākou wikiwiki e hiki ai i ka 57 km / h.

ʻAi ʻia ka ola ʻōlapa Vitchetti. Hāʻawi ʻia he ʻumi nui i kahi pākeke me nā ʻōmole a pau, nā pele, a me nā momona.

He ʻai nā pepeke nā mea ʻai i ka protein, nā kaola, nā huaora a me nā minela. I Thailand, ʻike ʻia lākou he mea momona loa;

Amarobia spider cubs ʻai i ko lākou makuahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomaka kekahi mau wahine i ka ʻai kāne i ka wā moe. No laila, ua lilo ka makua make i mea ʻai no kāna hua.

Aia nā crickets, aia nā pepeiao i nā wāwae mua, ʻoi aku, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke mahana ʻana e nā crickets: no kēia, pono ʻoe e helu i ka helu o nā chirps pākahi mau minuke, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ʻelua, a laila e hoʻohui ʻeiwa a hoʻohele hou ʻia ʻelua. ʻO ka hopena kahi mahana i nā degere Celsius.

Ma kahi o kahi hapakolu o nā inisua āpau he mau mea ʻaumua a me ka hapanui o ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ma kahi e hānai ai i ke kāula a me ka pau ʻole.

Hiki i nā Grasshoppers ke lele i kahi lōʻihi eʻoi aku ma mua o 40 mau manawa o ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino, a hiki i nā lele ke lele i kahi lōʻihi 130 mau lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi.

Ma kahi o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o 26 mau piriona kika e noho nei ma kēlā me kēia mile mile ma nā wahi i noho ai lākou. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, aia kekahi mau ʻohana he 5-10 miliona i ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka ʻepekema.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea inikua maikaʻi loa, hoʻopā i nā mea ākea, a lele i ko lākou mau ʻēheu i ka wikiwiki o 62,760 mau manawa i hoʻokahi minuke.

Noho ka neʻe ʻana o ka lele ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi a lākou i kau ai, akā kuhi ʻia ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka makani a hiki iā lākou ke holo a hiki i 45 km.

ʻO ka pipi nui loa o ka honua - Attacus Altas Me nā ʻēheu o 30 cm, ua pinepine pinepine ia i kahi manu.

Ma kahi o nā ʻūhini wao ʻona he 50 miliona mauʻu. No ka mea hiki i kēlā ʻūhini ke ʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai e like me kona paona pono ʻana, ua ʻai ʻehā kēia ʻehā i ke ʻano o kaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā e like me ka hana ʻana o New York.

Kupanaha nā mea āpau ma ka honua inika - a me ka hoʻohanohano o nā ʻano, a me nā helu ʻano nui, a me ke ola, a me ka ʻike ʻole i ka paʻakikī a me ka hiki ʻana o ke ʻano o nā mea ola, a i kekahi manawa hiki ʻole ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā kānaka ʻokoʻa, nā ʻohana, nā koloni. He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā inikini i ke kaila o ka mekala o ka nohona ekola a ma loko o kāna mau kaula kūpono.

ʻO ia ka hui holoholona nui o nā holoholona. Loaʻa ia he miliona mau ʻalika pepeke i wehewehe wale ʻia, a hoʻomau ka ʻike. Manaʻo nā kānakaʻepekema aia ma kahi o ka lua a ʻekolu miliona mau mau ʻalā hepona i ka Honua. ʻOi aku kēia i nā holoholona āpau a me nā mea kanu āpau. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā pepeke he mau hiʻohiʻona pono, nā hana koʻikoʻi a me ke ʻano. Wahi a kekahi entomologist kaulana, mai kekahi ʻano nui o nā pepeke manuahi, ʻaʻole ʻoi loa kahi kokoke i kahi lele mai kahi elepani. A no ka mea neʻe aʻalolo nā ʻano o ka mea ola, hele a me nā poʻomaka āpau. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kāʻei interspecific e hoʻopuka i ka hua piha piha e hiki ai ke kō a me ka hoʻoili o nā huaʻōlelo "ʻano nui." Eia, ʻōnaehana genetite i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o kēlā me kēia ʻano, i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā mea olaola, hoʻowalewale ʻia.

Nā ʻikepili he 29 wae. I waena o lākou: Orthoptera - nā wūlima, ka ʻūlū, ka ʻūlū, nā bea, ka ʻolika, ka pule ʻana i ka manawa, nā huaʻōlelo, nā ʻano manuahi, nā līlīpī, Lepidoptera (arthropod) - cicadas, ʻōpala, aphids, Hemoptera (a ʻūpū), ʻūlū (a i ʻole nā ​​piʻupuʻu) a mūlū paha), pipi, nāuhele ʻia, nā lemi, nā lemi, nā miki, nā fleas, nā hymenopterans - nā meli, nā manu, nā mea nui, nā mea holo like a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

He hana mana nui nā anuanu o ka holoholona hihiu, loaʻa iā lākou ke kumu pilikino ponoʻī ma ka Honua, hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ʻO nā pollinators maikaʻi loa, nā mea kanu mea kanu, nā mea ʻona o ke kūlohelohe, a he aha ka mea nui no ka poʻe - e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea ʻai huaʻai, hoʻomāhelehele i ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā hua ʻai he nui, hana i ka meli a me nā mea lapaʻau, nā mea kanu o nā kala momona, silk. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o kā mākou papaʻai i nā meaʻai kanu. A ʻo 15% o ia mea e ʻai ia i kāna huaʻai e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā iniseti. E hoʻohoka lākou i ka nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu no nā holoholona. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi iā mākou i ka leʻaleʻa e mahalo i ka nani o nā ʻano anuanu, nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā waihoʻoluʻu o ke kino, a me nā neʻe maikaʻi hoʻi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō (e pili ana i 1%) o nā pepeke e hōʻeha i ka hana hōʻino. Akā ʻaʻole kēia mea hoʻohālikelike i ka hana koʻikoʻi a lākou e hana ai i ka nohona o nā kānaka a me ka mālama ʻana i ka kaulike kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.

Hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea hihiu i nā mea a pau e pono ai e ola a hoʻokomo i kā lākou misioni ma ka Honua. Aia lākou a me nā pūnaehana kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi puʻuwai a me kahi ʻano o ka naʻau. Ka ʻōpala a me ka hoʻonaninani (pili i nā ʻilio sensory) e ʻae i nā iniseti e noʻonoʻo a ʻike i ka honua a puni lākou, nā kino o ka neʻe - neʻe i ka wahi a hoʻopaʻa i nā hana a pau e pili ana i ke ola, a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokaumaha i ka hopena a me nā kaʻina a me nā ʻōnaehana o ke kino, a me ke ʻano pū kekahi o nā mea hihiu. . ^ E Ha yM.

Me nā momona a pau o nā puka a me nā kala, ka hemolele o ke kaana o ke kino, nā ʻenehana pilikino, nā pūnaehana a me nā kaʻina physiological pili, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o nā pepeke. ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe ʻano ʻelua a loaʻa ka ʻike ponoʻī kekahi e kūpaʻa ana i kā lākou paʻakikī, hiki i ka ʻokoʻa. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻano o ka inis i ʻano like. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻelele o kēlā me kēia ʻano i ka hoʻolālā o nā hana ʻai, nā hana hana, nā ʻōpū o nā ʻano, nā kani, nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā mea kanu i loko o ka meaʻai, huaʻai, pale, ʻona a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Ka ʻike paʻakikī ʻole o ka hanana a me ka ʻōnaehana o ka organism o nā ʻenehana kūloko - mauʻu, nā pi, nā wasps, termites. Mai ka wā kahiko, nui nā mea o kā lākou hana i ke ʻano o ka mahalo. Ua kākau ʻo St. Augustine: "Ua hahau ʻia mākou e nā hana o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a me nā meli ma mua o nā kino nui o nā kohola." I waena o kēia mau mea hihiu he mau mahiʻai e kāohi, mālama a mālama ʻia i ka "waiu" holoholona maikaʻi loa iā lākou, a me ka poʻe hana manuahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻili wale ʻia, akā, e ulu ana nō, me ka mākaukau mua o ka ʻāina a me nā kanu kanu. ʻO nā mea ʻino kaiāulu maikaʻi he mea kūkulu maikaʻi, e kūkulu nei, e pili ana i kā lākou ʻano, nā hale liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hale ākea nui, a me nā kūlanakauhale āpau me nā pūnaehana ka mana ikaika. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau i loko o lākou no ka ola maʻamau o kahi kanaka a me kahi ʻohana, a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka microclimate pono ʻia, a me ke ola o nā koloni a me nā hui lehulehu o nā piliona hānau.

ʻAʻole ʻike ka entomology o nā kumu i nā kumu kumu no ka pale ʻana i ka hewa o nā aheu a me nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "kiʻekiʻe". ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā iniseti o kekahi mau ʻano, nā ʻano noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo abstract, ka hōʻailona, ​​ka hoʻomanaʻo, ka hiki ke aʻo a hoʻomohala i nā refondes ponoʻī, kahi "ʻōlelo" āpau a kekahi, a me ka hana maʻa mau ke komo i ke ʻano. ʻO ke ao o nā iniseti, ʻo ia hoʻi me kēia mau mea kupanaha a maikaʻi loa, ʻōwili a kū hoʻokahi i kāna mau ʻike like ʻole. ʻAʻole pono ia e aloha ʻia, akā pono pū e pale ʻia hoʻi.

ʻO nā manawa kūpono Ubiquitous

Inikini - kēia ʻano nui o nā mea liʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia me ka wā e ola maikaʻi ana lākou a mahele like ai i nā wahi āpau - mai ka ʻArika a i nā wahi neoneo e wela ana me ka wela, ua kahe wale ʻia ma ka hohonu o ke kai. Ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻāina me nā pepeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou mau puaa i ka lewa, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2 km, ʻo kēia mau mea hana he ʻano nui o plankton, e hana nei i ʻai no nā manu.

He ʻano ʻano kino a me nā ʻinisima pepeke

Noho wale nā ​​ʻuʻuku o kēlā me kēia ʻano i kēlā wahi a hiki ke kū i kēlā mau kūlana kūliona kahi i kolohe ai ke ʻano o lākou ola ʻana; Mahalo i kēia, hiki i nā iniseti ke noho i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa, ʻoiai ka kaona kai Arctic anu a me nā pihi mauna hau, i nā savannahs o ka lā a me nā wīwī, i ka nāhelehe kūlohelohe a me nā taiga, i ka nohona o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. No ka hana ʻana, he mea pōkole, he mea palupalu nā mea ola e noho nei ma luna o ka honua i nā wahi a pau. Ua hiki mai ko lākou ola olakino ma muli o ka manuahi kūikawā o ke ʻano o ka manuʻa, hiki ke kāhea ʻia ke ʻano "hema", "ʻākau", "tropical", "universal". Pēlā, e hōʻoia ka kaila honua o nā pōpoki o kekahi mau ʻano i ko lākou hoʻoilina i nā wahi he nui me ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe. A ke ʻano o ka lawelawe ʻana o nā kānaka ʻē wale nō no kahi home maʻamau, e like me, ka laʻana, i nā pōpō ola e noho kū wale ana i nā Alps, ma luna o ka laina hau i ka wela ma waena o 100-100 ° C. A i ʻole, no ka laʻana o kekahi o ka poʻe i ka wao nahele - ka ʻili pehu o kekahi mau ʻano, ʻo ke ʻano kūikawā o ke kino e hōʻoia i ke ola ikaika ma kēia ʻano. Hoʻomaʻapaʻa ka pepeke i ka wela a hoʻohemo i ka makewai, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā pōkō i ka pō.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kūlohelohe o kekahi mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo e ʻae iā ʻoe: e mālama i ke ola ma hope o ka manuahi a me ka wai ʻole, noho i nā wai wela me ka wai wai o + 500 500, ola no kahi lōʻihi ʻole o ka wai ma muli o ka hōʻipoʻi ʻana o nā mea mālama mālama, ola i loko o kahi ākea hohonu a hoʻopau i nā hola i loko o ka carbon dioxide, noho i ka paʻakai brine, aila lauʻaila, etc.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā wahi anuanu a maloʻo, like hoʻi i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no ke ola, nā mākaʻi o kekahi mau ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā iniseti e noho ana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo lākou ka mea e hōʻike maopopo me ko lākou mana hoʻohālike e like me nā mea e pale ai i ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā ʻano lua. Eia kekahi, e like me nā holoholona ʻē he nui, ʻaʻole i noho "mea ola" ma ia ʻano paʻakikī a paʻakikī, akā noho i loko o ia ola piha, nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻokomo ʻia i kā lākou papahana genetic. E noʻonoʻo i kēia me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona.

No kekahi poʻe inikini nā kamaʻilio a me nā poʻe noho paʻa o nā kuahiwi mauna. Ma ke kanikau o Elbrus i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5300 m ʻike ʻoe i nā dragonflies a me urticaria. A ua lele nā ​​manu lele, ʻūhā, aphids, nā pōpoki, i loaʻa ka ʻūhini i ka Himalayas a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 6000 m ma luna o ke kai. ʻAi lākou i ka pollen o nā mea kanu a me nā mea ola kino e lawe mai i ka nui o ke kuahiwi. Noho ka poʻe ʻalepili ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma ka lepo, ma nā wahi ākea e loaʻa ai nā mea kanu alpine a hiki i ka hau. Akā loaʻa ia nā mea he nui o lākou ma ke kihi o ka hau melio, aia kahi nui a hoʻohaʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i lawe ʻia e ka wai. No ke ola maʻamau a me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana, nā Crickets o kekahi o nā ʻano i noho kūpono i ka mauna mauna i uhi ʻia i ka hau, ʻoiai ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke ʻano o ko lākou kino no kahi noho me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. A ʻo ka jaundice, e noho nei ma nā mauna ʻākau a kiʻekiʻe loa i nā kuahiwi, ua hoʻolako ʻia i kahi waiwai kupaianaha o ka hānau hānau, he mea hoʻohaunaele maoli i nā manawa āpau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kēia maʻamau no nā kulu ʻuhane. Ua manaʻo ʻia he kōkua ola ka hānau keiki i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wā o ke kauwela pōkole o kēia mau wahi.

Noho ka leʻo isotome ma luna o nā moʻo a mau loa. I kēlā me kēia pō, ka hopu ʻia ka nui o nā hoʻokolohua nui i ka pō o ke ʻano o kēia inika liʻiliʻi, akā hōʻike hou ʻia ka pōmaikaʻi e hiki ke ola i loko o kahi kūlana ʻino loa. Mālama loa ia i ka wā e puka ai ka lā, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kala ʻōlapa e wikiwiki koke i nā ʻāʻī o ke kakahiaka wela. Ke hele nei i ke ola, e hoʻomau ka kahe nui o ka isotome i nā pilikia ola nui loa, e hoʻokō ana i kāna papahana hoʻoilina, kahi e hoʻoili ʻia ai nā hua. ʻO kēia manawa nei, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻānō i nā mākaʻi o kekahi manuahi i hiki ke ola a hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻano nui i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, he ʻano like ʻole ia me ke ola. Noho lākou i nā lora a me nā kahiki o nā neʻe ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka Himalaya. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano pepeke i kahi ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi loa nāna e manaʻo nui a ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i ka -160С. Hōʻike kekahi pōnō wahine i nā hana i ka hoʻoilo, ke hele ka hau i nā mauna. ʻAʻole maopopo i nā poʻe ʻepekema ke ʻano e ola ai nā jerks a hoʻomau i ka genus i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa loa, a me nā ʻano o ke kino o kā lākou kino o nā namu o kēia ʻano.

Ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano pepeke (nā namu, nā pōpoki, nā pōpoki, ke ao a me nā pō pōpoki) e ola ana ma waho o ka ʻAlika Artctic - kahi e ulu ai nā mea kanu. Mahalo i ke ʻano kihe ʻehā o nā manu, nā ka namu o kekahi mau ʻano ʻano koʻikoʻi i ka wao anuona o Arctic a me ka ʻona tundra. ʻO kā lākou mau kāne a me nā wahine, lele mai ka pua a pua, hānai i nā nectar a hoʻohālikelike i nā mea kanu. ʻOiai, i ka tundra a me ke taiga, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā ​​manu. Ma nā Arctic, pōʻai pinepine nā pua polling a me nā bumblebees. Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou kino e hana ma nā wahi anu. ʻO ka hana ikaika o nā ʻiʻo a me ke kapa mahana burrbee mahana shaggy e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomehana i kona kino iā + 370 external ma kahi ea kū waho o ka 00С. Hoʻonui ʻia kēia wela i ka wā o ka holo ʻana ma muli o nā hopena kemekela e kū nei i nā musc.

ʻO ka ola o nā kānaka wale nō ʻaʻole e noho i ka pili o nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻo ka poʻe noho o nā mosses a me nā lichens o nā mokupuni Antartika, no ka laʻana, ka poʻe pōkole o kekahi mau ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke luku ʻia e ka hoʻoku wikiwiki i ka kokoke - 400C. Kāohi ko lākou polokalamu genetic i ka hana hōʻiliʻili mini o ka ʻaila glycerin a me nā mea kūikawā ʻē aʻe, e like ana ka hana me ka hana o ka kaʻa antifreeze kaulana kaulana. Hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā amphibians a me nā mea kūlike ʻē aʻe o ka honua holoholona i nā mea mālama like. A hoʻolako ʻia nā pōpō a me nā lele e noho ana ma Alaska me ka hiki ke kūleʻa i kū i ke aniani a hiki i ka 600 miliona. ʻO nā pepeke, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka manuahi, akā ke hoʻonohonoho nei ko lākou kino i ke ʻano e hana ʻia ai nā aniani i waho me ka ʻole e hōʻino ʻia o nā ʻoka, nā kino a me nā kiko.

Mai nā lau ʻeleʻele i nā wahi neoneo ʻole

No nā ʻāpana he nui a me nā iniseti, he nuleka ka ʻāina nūhou, ka mea i noho i kahi nui o ka honua. ʻO nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e hoʻomaka ana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe o 15 mau m, ua pili loa a pili ʻia a paʻa ʻia me nā kumu waina a i ʻole aneʻa ka haki ma waena o ka lei i hoʻokumu ʻia. ʻO ka canopy o ka ulu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa 30 m mānoanoa, ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā holoholona e like me nā moʻo, nā manu, nā kiʻi, nā pōkole, nā aniani a me nā ʻōiwi (!). Kahi ka poʻe kaiaka i hānau ʻia, ulu, ola a ola piha. A ʻaʻohe nui o lākou i ko lākou ola āpau ʻaʻole i hoʻopā i ka honua. A noho nā iniseti ma luna o nā "papahele" a ka nahele: i ka ʻāina, ka lau o nā lau, i nā lāʻau lāʻau, i ka hohonu o ke kuahiwi a me nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka nahele - ma nā lālā a me nā lau o kēia kapa "ʻano o ka honua".

ʻO nā meaʻino i loko o ka ʻai, nā pōpihi, nā pōpoki, nā popo, nā termite, a me nā cicadas predominate. ʻO nā kukupu me nā pīpī he nui a ʻono hoʻi. Hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i kahi kala e hiki ai ke ʻimi i kāna mau makana me, no ka mea, ke hiki ʻole ʻole ke ʻike a lohe paha paha i kekahi i ka mānoanoa o nā lālā interwoven. Aia pū kekahi mau ʻōheu manuahi manu lele, nona nā ʻēheu koʻikoʻi (30 cm) e lele i nā kāne a me nā wahine i lele ma luna o ka lei o nā kumulāʻau heiau i ka wā o ka male.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pepeke i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka poʻe i ka wao. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻalopeke, nā namu, nā pūliki, nā popipono, nā ʻūpī uliuli a me nā ʻiʻo maikaʻi, ʻūlū a me ke gula. Hoʻopili lākou āpau mai ka wela o ka lā i nā umauma hohonu, a ua koho ʻia no ka huki wale ma hope o ka pōʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ʻia nā kaha hanohano o ke kino a me nā ʻano e nā ʻōpio ʻeleʻele o kekahi mau ʻano e noho ana i nā wahi wela a i ʻole ka wai ʻole o ka wao. Mahalo i nā ʻano hana ʻano instinctive, hele lākou i ka pō i nā wēlau o nā one one e "inu i ka wai o nā mists." Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei i kona poʻo, hoʻoku aʻe ka pīpī i kona ʻōpū i luna a huli i ka makani ʻōpū mai ke kai. ʻAi ʻia, ʻoluʻolu i kona pahu ʻehā kūikawā, ke iho mai nei i lalo i ka waha o ka waha o ka waha.

Mai ka wai paʻakai a hiki i ka aila

Noho nā ʻōhumu o nā honu he nui o nā iniseti lihi ma ka ʻāina, akā he nui o lākou e noho nei i kahi pālahalaha nui o nā ʻano i nā iʻa. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻolālā kūikawā o nā meaʻala o ke ʻano o nā ʻano o nā namu ke ʻae nei iā lākou e hoʻomōhala pono i nā geysers wela, kahi wale nō e hiki ke ola i nā bacteria. Hōʻike ʻia ka hiki i kēia mauʻu e nā ʻalopona uliuli, nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e noho nei nā poʻe geysers me kahi wai wai o + 400C. Hiki nō i nā ʻuī ke pā i nā wai ʻākau o ke kai ʻo Caspian. A o kēlā mau pepeke, e like me nā pepehima o kekahi mau ʻano, loaʻa ke ola no ke ola maʻamau i loko o ke kai - ʻo ka Atlantika a me ka Pākīpika.

Kupanaha, aia ka lele o Kaleponi a lele, kahi noho a me nā mea āpau e pili pono ana me ka aila ʻaila maoli. Wahi a ka papahana hoʻoilina, hānai ia i nā pepeke i loaʻa i laila a pili a hana hoʻi i kāna hua i loko o ka aila. I loko o kona kino, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea āpau no kēia. Noho ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka lele ma nā huapalapala simbiont e ʻoki ana i ka paraffin o ka aila a hoʻoikaika i kona ʻili ʻana. Hiki i kahi lele ke holo manu ʻole ma luna o kona mau wāwae manamana ma ka kiʻi ʻoni me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻia, akā ke kīwī i ke kiʻi me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino e make ai kahi lele. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kino o ke koʻo o kēia lele, e ulu nei i ka aila ʻaila a hānai i nā mea ulana hoʻopili, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea āpau e pono ai.A no laila, ʻo ka papahana o ka hana ʻano hiki i kēia mau pēpē, e like me ka larvae wai, paʻa i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i hana ʻia e nā ʻōpū hanu kino o ke kino o ka ʻaila i mea e hanu ai ka oxygen oxygen

5. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hihiu mua ma ka honua honua he 400 miliona mau makahiki i ka wā i hala

Loaʻa nā koina pepeke i nā fossos e 400 miliona mau makahiki. A hāʻule paha ka hiohiona o ka ola inika i ka wā Carboniferous.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like me nā inikini ʻike mākou i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka nui o ko lākou kino. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo nā eheu o Griffenfly, ke kupuna o ka mea noho manu, e pili ana iā 7 kenimika.

Makemake ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau kumuwaiwai ma kāu kahawai? Kaomi "E like me" (👍) a wahī i ke kahawai.