ʻO Ambistoma ʻoli, a i ole pita salamander - ka maʻi kūʻokoʻa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Noho ka noho mahele o nā ʻano pākahi: nā ala ulu a i hoʻāla ʻia i nā ʻōpala lau nahele. Hūnā ʻia ka hapa nui o ke ola ma lalo o nā lāʻau kālai ʻia, nā pōhaku a i nā mea kanu i hāʻule. Hoʻopau nā hānai nui i ka zooplankton; ʻo ka pākeke i huli ʻia i nā ʻano o nā invertebrates lohi. Hoʻomaka ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i ka wai.
Kāleka
Kino ke kino o ka marist ambistome i kahi ʻoi pōkole (a hiki i 40% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa). Palahalaha ke poʻo. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like ia me kahi salamander. He hewa ke keiki. Maʻemaʻe ka ʻili. ʻEkole nā ʻōpū (ʻaʻohe cima), ʻehā wāwae ma nā wāwae, ʻelima ma nā wāwae hind. ʻO ka nui o nā piʻoloke ma nā kepe he 3-8, ma ka huakaʻi 4-8. ʻO ka vertebrae he biconcave. He nui ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Kāleka
ʻEleʻele loa ka kala nui me ke keʻokeʻo a 4-7 mau pololi (i nā kāne) a i ʻole ke kālā (i nā wahine) nā hōʻailona. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka amnistas he mau pupu ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele ma ke kua o ke poʻo, ma nā ʻaoʻao a me nā manamana lima, ʻaʻole nā mālamalama māmā a he pulu ʻala ʻole hoʻi. Ke ulu nui lākou, e ʻeleʻele nā ʻōpio. I kekahi manawa hoʻohui ʻia nā wahi i loko o nā kaula. ʻInihia nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻaiho
Noho nā ʻōpū o ka makri i nā wahi he nui: nā wao nahele a me nā kekāhi piedmont a kokoke i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā kahe ka nahele, nā pā nahele nui (nā ʻaoʻao komohana o ke awāwa) a me nā kahe mauʻu. Piʻi nā mauna e 700 m ma luna o ke kai. Hoʻonui wale nō ka ulu lāʻau i nā wahi maloʻo ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ambisto a me salamanders.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻomaʻa ʻo nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpala i nā pōpoki i ka zooplankton (no ka laʻana, ka copepods a me ka cladocera), ʻai ka tadpoles i nā ʻuʻina liʻiliʻi (nā namu) a me kā lākou pili, nā mea kanu aku i ka wai, a me nā hua a me nā hua ʻai o nā amphibians. ʻO ka pākeke hānai ma nā isopod crustaceans, snails a me slugs, nā pehu (oligochaetes), millipedes, caterpillars a me nā invertebrates lohi liʻiliʻi.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO nā ambistome a me nā pākeke he nocturnal, a ʻo nā larvae he nocturnal. ʻO ka hapanui o ko lākou ola, e hūnā ʻia nā ʻepekema ma lalo o nā ʻalā, nā pōhaku a i nā mea kanu i pau, ke hiki ke loaʻa i nā hollows a i ʻole nā ʻūhā. Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai, lilo nā amphibians i kēlā me kēia.
I ka wā holo, kanu ʻia nā droughts i loko o ka ʻāina a ke kali nei kahi manawa maikaʻi ʻole. Huli ka lōʻihi, ke kumu wela a me ka ua i ka ambisto e hūnā ana i nā keʻena, a me nā ua nui a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a ma kahi ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoulu ai i kā lākou puka ʻana i ka ʻula. E makemake i ka waikawa palapala pH 5.5-7.7.
ʻO ka hana palekana
Ke kūpaʻa kekahi kanaka predator, a lawe kahi ʻāpana marmer i kahi kūlana palekana (iho i ke poʻo, a me ka huelo, ma ke kū'ē, e ala ana kekahi a me ka mea huna mai loko mai o nā pulupulu i ka huelo), a e hoʻāʻo paha e hūnā.
Kanikau
ʻO nā Beetles, salamanders, nā baki a me nā millipedes paha e ʻai i nā caviar o nā ʻōpū o nā kinipōpō.
ʻO Arthropods (nā manu manu, nā ʻaluna, nā pīpī a me kā lākou naʻi), nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpiopio a me nā manu (no ka mea, ke aliʻifisher) ka mea i pio ma ka pūleo.
Nāuhele (nā ʻīnake heled, nāhelehe garter komohana), nā raccoons, nā manu (nā ducks a me nā ʻalula), nā possum (virose opossum), kahi kīwaha, nā shrews a me nā mea palupalu me ka mea pākeke a me nā pākeke.
Ke ʻai ʻana i ka lawehala lawaiʻa a nā pākeke, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā nā mea wili i ka huelo, no ka mea aia he mau aniani e hana ai i ka ʻawa.
ʻAno hānau
He ʻano ʻano amphibian ka ʻano kai ma luna o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻoponopono hou i hoʻokahi makahiki i hoʻokahi.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua i ka ua, hoʻomaka nā kāne e neʻe nei i nā pūnaewele hānai. Kū pinepine lākou i ka pō. Ma nā wahi i hana ʻia ai ka hana aloha, hiki mai nā kāne ma 7-10 mau lā ma mua o nā wahine.
Hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻopiʻi a hiki i ka 10 spermatophores. Ka hoʻopili kikowaena, pili ka wahine i luna o ka spermatophore a hopu iā ia me nā kihi o kona cesspool.
Ma ka haʻalulu o nā loko wai maloʻo, kanalaha a me nā kolamu (ma lalo o nā mea kanu, aʻa a i ʻole paha i ka lepo), e hoʻolei ka wahine i nā hua (30-250 pcs, ka diameter 1,9-2.8 mm, me kahi pā o 4-5 mm) i nā ʻōpala. Mālama ʻo ia i ka masonry a hiki i ka ua nui ʻana i ka ua i ka loko. Inā hoʻopiha ʻole ka caviar i ka wai, a laila ʻaʻole hoʻomohala nā palua a hiki i ka pūnāwai a me kēia manawa a ka wahine e mālama iā ia: neʻe, holo a palekana a pale ʻia. Loaʻa nā hihia i haʻalele ai ka wahine i ka wahine ma mua o ke kai hoʻohemo ʻana.
Mālama ka pāpale mānoanoa a me ka pili o ka caviar i ka embryos mai ka dehydration.
I nā makahiki "pōloli", hoʻemi nui ka hānai o ka wahine.
Me ka nele o nā wahi kūpono no nā caviar, ma kahi hoʻokahi aia nā pākiki mai nā wahine ʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka make nui o Embryo he kiʻekiʻe nui no ka hypothermia, dehydration, predation or fungal infection.
ʻO ka huaʻehā o kahi marmar
Hoʻololi ka hoʻolālāʻana Embryo, a ke hoʻāla ʻia nei ka hua lāhala mai nā hua ʻai e ka hypoxia i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka lālani me ka wai. Me ka nele o ka oxygen, hoʻomaka ka hana a nā digestive enzyme, e hoʻohemo nei i nā kapika like-jelly a me ka wehe ʻana o nā hua i loko o nā hua. ʻO nā keiki hou o ka ʻāmiʻi ambistomy me kahi ʻeke nui, 10-14 mm ka lōʻihi. Mālama, ʻai nui i ka zooplankton, ulu ulu koke. Ke hilinaʻi nui ʻia ka ulu i nā mea lahilahi o ka lehulehu o ka waihona kālā, ka nui o nā meaʻai a me nā ea wai. ʻOi aku ka mea make nui ma ka ostracods, cladocerans, copepods a me isopods, crustaceans, chironomids, amphipods, a me nā dipterans.
ʻO ka maʻamau i ke ao, e noho ana nā larvae ma ke kumu o ka waihona wai, a me nā hua hoʻokele e pili ana i ka metamorphosis (me ka lōʻihi o 49-72 mm) e noho mau ana ma ke kumu o ka punawai a hiki i ka pō.
ʻO ke kino o ke kanaka ambistoma he kino ikaika, nā gilllets waho, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka dorsal, holo i ke kino o ke kino a hoʻopau i ka huelo. ʻO ke kala o ke kua mai ka ʻeleʻele a i ka hina, ka laina kīwaha e holo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, kahi hoʻolaha o nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ka metamorphosis o nā larvae ma ke kūkulu hema o ka palena ma hope o 2 mau mahina, a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ia 8 8 mau mahina.
I Ilinoi, ua hoʻomaka ka metamorphosis i Iune-Iulai, i New York i Iune, ma Maryland, New Jersey a ma ka ʻĀina o Georgia i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune, ma West Virginia i ka waena waena o Mei, ma North Carolina mai waena o ʻApelila a Mei, ma Alabama. Malaki-ʻApelila, a ma Louisiana i ka waena waena o Malaki.
E hele i ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i hele ka lōʻihi o nā mea aloha mai kahi poʻokela. I ke ahiahi hūnā lākou ma lalo o nā ʻōpū, nā pōhaku a me nā lau hāʻule.
I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wā lōlani (i ka manawa ulu), hoʻi nā amphibians i kahi e hānau ai lākou.
24.06.2018
ʻOmoli ambistoma (lat.Ambistoma opacum) kahi amphibian caudate mai ka ʻohana Ambistomatidae (Ambystomatidae). He 2-3 mau liʻiliʻi i ka liʻiliʻi o ka tigist ambistoma (Ambystoma tigrinum) a ʻokoʻa ka ʻoliʻī ma ia i ke keʻokeʻo ma mua o nā ʻāpana kūhai melemele.
ʻO kēia ʻano kekahi o nā mea minamina loa, akā ma nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua lilo a ākea loa i loko o kekahi mau wahi. I ka mokuʻāina US o Michigan, aia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka maluhia o ka mokuʻāina. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i kumu i ka puhi ʻia o nā kino wai. Hoʻohana nui ka Amphibian i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui o ka wai.
He huluhulu ka ʻōpio marmona, ʻaʻole like me nā salamanders ʻē aʻe. ʻO kona mālama ʻana ma ka home ʻaʻole ia e koi i nā loea kūikawā a hiki ke maʻalahi a loaʻa i ka poʻe nona nā mea hou.
Kālā
Aia ka wahi noho i ka hikina, ma ke kūkulu hema a me ke hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Pono aku ia mai hikina Hikena ma waena o Florida ma Texas ma ke komohana.
Noho ʻo nā ambistome ʻōpala i kahi kokoke loa i nā ʻōpala.
ʻO kēia paha nā loko, nā loko a me nā ʻūhū ma kahi wahie. Noho ka holoholona makua ma ka ʻāina ʻelua a ma nā puʻu a i nā puʻu a hiki i 3600 m ma luna o ke kai. Loaʻa ʻia ka ʻike maʻamau o nā ʻāina kaomi, ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāina hoʻopuʻi maʻamau.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pākeke ke hele aku a hiki i ka 10-13 cm, me kahi huelo o 3-5 cm. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka male ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka mana o kahi hoʻohālike marmer ma kahi papa ʻeleʻele. Ma ke kumu o ka huelo, transverse keokeo a i ʻole ka hina hina hina i mau ʻōpala.
I nā kāne, emi iki ka ʻili, a i nā wahine hūwī. Hoʻololiki ke kūwaho a he ikaika. He 5 mau wāwae ma ka wāwae ʻākau, a me nā wāwae 4 ma nā ʻāpana pale. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā maka heʻe. Aia ma ka wahi o ka lewa he mau laina kēkē o nā niho e hui ana ma hope.
Loaʻa ka ola i kahi ambistoma marmona i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 8-10 mau makahiki.
ʻO kahi Hōʻea ʻo Marmar Ambistome
Noho kēia mau amphibians i nā nahele ulu me nā lepo palupalu. He mea pono no ka hele ʻana o ka pahu salamander o ka hele ʻana mai o nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa, aia i kekahi mau wai i ka wai me ka wai, ma kēia mau ʻāina māhuahua a hoʻonui ʻia hoʻi. ʻAʻole noho ka pākeke i ka wai, akā kaʻai i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i lalo o ke kula, e peʻe ana i nā hale. Ma ka ʻaoʻao, ka mea wale nō i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻohi e hoʻomau ai i ka genus.
ʻBlelelo Marmona Ambistoma (Ambystoma opacum).
Paʻi ʻOliʻi Hālani Salamander
E alakaʻi i nā pākeke i kahi nohona nocturnal huna a alakaʻi i kā lākou lolo ma ke ao. Ke alakaʻi neiʻo Ambistome i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa a hōʻuluʻulu i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō i ka wā hoʻoulu.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ambisto o nā ʻano o nā invertebrates terestrial: nā pepeke, nā nalo, nā kaʻi, ka millipedes, slugs, snails. ʻAi nā holoholona ʻōpio e ʻai i nā crustaceans, hua a me nā kaʻi amphibian. A ua hoʻouka ʻia nā ʻano kolo ʻo ka salamander lipani, ma kahi o nā ʻōpū manu, nā pīpī, spider. ʻAi nā ʻōpala a me nā salamanders i ka caviar me kahi amber.
ʻO nā mea aloha a nā kāne he mau ʻaumoku nui i loaʻa nā ʻenemi nui: nā poʻe, nā raccoons, nā nahesa, nā skunks, nā shrew, a me nā mea ulana. ʻAʻole hiki i ka pale salamander ke pale aku iā ia iho mai nā ʻenemi, hiki iā ia ke hāpai wale i ka huelo, kahi e loaʻa ai nā pehu ʻona, akā ʻaʻole kēia ka ʻai i ka ʻenemi.
Me ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai, lilo nā ambistome i kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka poʻe nui nā mea wili he akamai akamai, ua hoʻokaʻawale lākou e ʻai i kahi ambist: ʻai lākou i ke kino o ka salamander, a paʻa ka ʻili.
No ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho, ua koi ʻia nā ambistome hoʻomalu e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano pilikino, e hūnā ana i nā lua a me nā lau hāʻule i hāʻule, a hiki ʻole i ka nui. Ma ka papa o ka pākeke, hiki ke loaʻa nā ambisto i nā ua a i ka hau. I ka wā maloʻo, ua ʻeli lākou i ka hohonu i ka lepo a no laila e kali i kahi manawa hikiʻole. A hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe iā lākou i waho e pale aku ai i nā pā.
ʻO ke kūlana me ka nui o nā ʻano
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka nalowale ʻana o nā ʻenemi marmer. Hōʻike nā hōʻike kuʻikuʻi ʻoi aʻe ka nui o kēia mau ʻano ma mua o 100 tausani kanaka. ʻO nā mea e like me ka deforestation, pana wai i nā ʻōpala a me ka hana ʻana i nā kanikani he hoʻoweliweli no ka nui o nā ʻano he nui a me nā mea hoʻohālua marmer.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.