ʻAʻole maopopo i nā wehewehe ʻĀpana. He mea maʻamau ke kāhea aku i nā inikua welipili āpau mai ka ʻoka ʻana iā Hymenoptera, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka meli, nā ʻomi. I kēia lā aia kahi ano nui o nā wasps like ʻole. I nā pepona o kēia ʻano ua ʻike ʻia nā pahuhoa: nā ala, nā ʻulaʻula, ke one, ka puʻupuʻu, ka pepa, ka pua, ka pū, ka ʻeli ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Loaʻa lākou a pau i nā māhele ʻelua:
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole like i nā pi, hiki iā nā wasps ke pale iā lākou iho ʻaʻole me ke kōkua o ke aʻa. Inā hoʻoweliweli kekahi kanaka i ko lākou ola, hiki i nā pepeke ke hoʻohana i ka apparatus ʻoi. Ua lawa ka ʻili o kā lākou ʻōpū.
E alakaʻi ana ka mea noho kaʻawale i kahi nohona kūlike, ʻaʻole mau ka hānai i kahi pā. Hiki i nā pākeke a pau ke hoʻoulu. Inā kūkulu ʻia nā mea hihiu, a laila ma nā kihi huna loa: ma ka paia, ma kahi lāʻau, a ma ka lepo. A he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho me nā nests. Hoʻomaha lākou ma ka wehe kūlohelohe o ka lāʻau.
Ua makemake nā wasps Social e noho i nā ʻohana. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou ʻuhane a ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pākeke a pau ke hānai. I kekahi manawa hiki i kahi kolona ke helu i nā kaukani mau kaukani, akā hoʻokahi wale nō ka mea e hiki ai ke hua mai i ka hua mai lākou. Hoʻokaʻa ʻia nāpsilima ʻo Barren i nā mea hana, prolific - uterus.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i ka hapanui hymenoptera ke hele mai ka noho me ka lehulehu. Kahi mau loli e mau i kekahi mau manawa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi ʻOhi
He manu lāʻau ʻo ka punpona. He hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui - nā kala melemele a me nā lauoho. ʻO ka nui o kahi pākeke ke kiʻekiʻe - a ʻumi kenimika. ʻO nā wahine wahine wale nō ke hiki i ʻumikumamāwalu kenimita ka lōʻihi. He nui nā lauoho liʻiliʻi o ke kino o kēia holoholona. I kona hope he piʻo. He pōkole, lahilahi, maʻalahi ke komo i ka hoʻopikipiki. Hiki i ke maka lāʻau ke neʻe, no laila hiki i kahi wasp ke pīhoihoi mai kahi kūlana paha.
ʻO keʻano
Noho pū ka wā hoʻokahi. Hoʻonohonoho kūlike nā ʻano ʻē o nā ʻano ʻē. Hiki i nā pepeke ʻelemakule āpau ke hānau. Kūkulu ʻia nā mauʻu i nā nooks: ma nā wahi ma waena o nā pā, i lalo o nā hale, i ka lepo. Noho wale kekahi mau holoholona me ka ʻole o nā hale honu. Noho kela mau ʻūlau ma nā lua lāʻau i hana ʻia.
Noho ka ʻuhane pili ʻana i nā ʻohana nui. Hoʻokumu ka pūpū i kahi pūnana, ʻaʻole nui nā ʻōkeke o nā pākeke a pau. I kekahi mau hihia, noho kekahi mau tausani kanaka i kēlā mau kolana, a ʻo ka ʻōpū hoʻokahi wale nō e hoʻonui. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā infpsile wasps i nā limahana hana, ʻoiai nā mea prolific i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wahine hānau.
Hoʻomaikaʻi
- Aia i like nā ʻano o kēia mau mea ʻonaʻehā e pono ai i ke kanaka:
- kahi hoʻonaʻauao: typhus, scoli luku i nā aphids, lele, ʻilo, loaʻa ka protein no ka pono pono o nā palima,
- E hoʻohiolo ana ʻo wasp Larra liʻiliʻi i ka pea ma ka māla, ke waiho nei i nā huaʻai i loko o ke kino o ka pūpū, me ka hōʻeha ʻole i nā mea hihiu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
- pollinsate pollinate mea kanu kanu, luku i nā mea make maikaʻi: bronzes, rhinoceros beetles, e waiho ana i nā hua i loko o ke kino o ka mea make
- wasp venom i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hui like ʻole o nā mea make o nā ʻano ʻo Brazil ma nā ʻano maʻi maʻi maʻi,
- nā mea ʻuʻuku pepa e kau aku ana ma nā lele manu lele: nā lele, ka ʻūhā. Mai haʻalele i nā lau, aphids. Ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā pōpoki, hoʻopakele lākou i ka māla a me ka māla,
- hānai nā pākeke i nā mea kanu mea kanu, nectar. Pākuʻi mai ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu, pollinate lākou,
- kūlike ʻole, nā mea ʻona pona nā pale aku i nā hoalauna maikaʻi i loko o ka māla: ke ʻano o nā mea huaʻai maikaʻi "ma lalo o nā wasps" e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kā lākou make ʻana e nā manu.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wasps ma mua o ka maikaʻi:
- nā hua ʻala maikaʻi, nā ʻāpono, nā plum treat ke aloha i nā pepeke nāhele. ʻO ka "ʻōnaehana" ma waena o lākou e hana wikiwiki inā ʻaʻole lawe ʻia nā hana wikiwiki, i kekahi mau lā e hoʻopau nā ʻoi iā lākou i ka hapa nui o ka hua waina.
- ʻeha pinepine ka lūlū o nā beps ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe. Piʻi i ka hive, nā mea ʻānai e luku i ka lāʻau o ka meli, e hoʻemi ana i ka hana. Ka pale ʻana i nā moena, he nui ka nui o nā pi meli,
- ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho, ʻoi aku ka lāʻau ʻoi i ka pōʻai hōʻeha. Hiki i nā meaʻeha pōʻino ke hōʻeha i kahi hopena maʻi. Ke hoʻouka ʻia ke kanaka a holoholona paha, hakakā ʻole iā ia, hoʻokuʻu i ka uka i kahi enzyme e hoʻopili aku ai i nā hoa o nā ʻohana, aʻo ka ʻuʻuku o nā wasps he pōpilikia no nā kānaka, a no kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka make.
Hoʻomaopopo!
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pū me nā wasp. Ma kahi hope loa, ʻo ka lōʻihi e pili ana i ka 2-3 kenimika lōʻihi, a ʻo ke aniani āpau he aneane 2 mau manawa hou aku. He wahi ākea nui a me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula ma ke poʻo.
ʻOiai ke loaʻa ʻana o kona nui hoʻonaninani, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pū. Huli aku ʻo ia me ke kaumaha ma ka mea a ke ʻike ʻole ia - aia wale nō ke ʻike ʻo ia i loko o ke kaumaha. Hoʻopili aku ka lāʻau ʻaila i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa keu.
No ke aha kahi wīwī i piʻi?
ʻO ka pinepine ka hopena ma muli o ka pale pilikino. ʻAʻohe mea ia e ʻōlelo ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huki ʻana i kahi wasp e lele kokoke ana - ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he pōʻino o ia iho.
Aia kekahi mea i kekahi mau manawa e lilo i ʻano ulu a weliweli kēia ʻano. No kahi laʻana, i ke kauwela, i ka nui o nā hua a me nā huaʻai a puni, a me ka wela, he mea hoʻoikaika nui nā punu.
Mai Iune a ʻAukake, hoʻonui nui aʻe kā lākou mau helu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pepeke no ka hoʻokūkū mau. I kēlā mau manawa, pono e mālama ʻia.
He aha ka pilikia o kahi lawaiʻa o kēia ʻona?
Hiki i ke wasp sting ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka make o kēia iniseti ua make a make i loko o Quincke edema.
Aia kekahi wā i lele wale ʻia kahi pūpū i loko o kahi hiki ʻole ke kino pia, a hopu ke kanaka i kahi, a hāʻule ka ʻāʻī i ka ʻeha o ka ʻāʻī.
I kēia mau hihia, hele ke kiʻi no ka mau minuke. Hoʻopuka ka edema ulu, a me ke kōkua ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ua pilikia ka mea make. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e haʻalele i nā wasps a kamaʻilio koke i kahi kauka me nā hāmū.
ʻO nā ʻano nui
Ua ʻike maʻamau iā mākou mai ka kiʻi pepeke mai ke kiʻi. Akā ma kahi o ka nānā maʻamau me ka ʻōpū-melemele ʻeleʻele, aia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokahi nā Wasps a noho i nā hui. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma nā wahi like.
Hoʻokomo kahi alanui wasp i kahi pūnana i ka lepo a i ʻole ia i loko o ke kino o ka mea i make ma mua (no ka laʻana, he spider paha). A lilo ke kino o ka manu make i mea ʻai no nā hua i kū ʻia.
Maʻalahi ka poʻe āpau me nā wasps pepa, ʻike pinepine mākou i ke alanui ma ke kauwela. Ua kapa ʻia lākou i laila, no ka mea hana i nā nest, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻano i kahi mea ʻoki a like me nā pepa i nā waiwai. A hoʻoulu lākou iā lākou iho, e kāwili ana i kā lākou waʻa me ka lepo lepo.
ʻO nā wasps Wild, ʻo ia hoʻi, noho mamao loa i ka poʻe. Hiki i ka ʻike ma ka ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua puka mai kahi ʻano hou i kēia lā - nā kahu manu home.A kekahi e huli nei i kahi ʻīlio a i ʻole paha, a makemake kekahi ke nānā i ke ola o nā pepeke. No ka mālamaʻana i ia mau wasps, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu loina kūikawā. He nani lākou a nani ke nānā aku. Akā ʻo kēlā "pet", ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, ʻaʻole no nā mea āpau.
Nā pua hornet ola o Hornet - he aha ka mea e hana ai?
ʻO kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pū nō o ka pū nunui kahi i kokoke i ka hale a i ʻole hoʻi i ka hale noho. Me kēia, e piʻi aʻe ka paʻakikī o ka pili i nā manawa. Pehea e hana ai me nā wasps a kipaku aku iā lākou?
Inā pili ka pili, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻi iā ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke pulupulu i kahi kāwili lei me kekahi mea pepeke a kau i loko o ke ʻeke, a uhi iā ia me ke ʻano. Pono ʻoe e kali iki a make a make ka poʻe iniseti. Ma ke kūʻai aku i kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka nui o nā pono hana e hakakā ai i nā wasps, a ʻōlelo aku nā ʻōlelo i ka nui o ka manawa e pono ai no ka hana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO kekahi ala e puhi ai i ka pūnana. ʻO nā ala e ʻoi aku ka mīkini e ninini i ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia ma luna a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha i ka puka me kekahi mau mea haʻahaʻa e pale ai i ka ʻike o ka oxygen. Mai poina e kau i nā lole paʻa a paʻa i ka wā ma mua o ka hana ʻana. Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lole beekeeper.
Inā mamao loa ka pūnana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka syringe e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻoiho i kahi mea laʻe i laila. A no ka mea i hoʻi ʻole ai nā wasps ma hope o ko lākou wahi noho, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kahi ma kahi o ka pūhū me ka hydrogen peroxide a i ʻole ka potassium permanganate solusyon.
ʻOiaʻiʻo ke hakakā. E makaala, a laila, ʻaʻole e hoʻopā mai nā iniseti iā ʻoe.
Wikiō: Wasp
Loaʻa i ka wasp nā maka o kahi ʻano paʻakikī. He nui lākou, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ma 180C. ʻEkolu mau maka e kau ma luna o ke poʻo. Ua paʻakikī lākou e ʻike. ʻO kahi kokoke i kēia mau maka he antennae. Hoʻokomo ka hana antennae antennae i ka noho o ka holoholona, ke kūlana kūikawā. Mālama pinepine kēia ʻāpana o ke kino i ke alakaʻi ma ka holo ʻana. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka wasp ke hoʻoholo pono i ke ala o ka makani, ka hohonu o ka ākea a me nā mea hou aku.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO ke koʻokoʻo o ka poʻe wasp he no nā pukana. ʻAʻole like me nā meli, ʻaʻole i hōʻeha ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ka wā e paʻa ai.
Nā mea helu - inoa inoa. Nui nā ʻano o nā wasps, a he ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o waho.
E noʻonoʻo i kahi wehewehe pākuhi hope loa o nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau:
- Pepa. I ka hiʻohiʻona ka mea maʻamau. Noho kokoke i kekahi kanaka, loaʻa i ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele.
- Nā pāpale uwila. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ākea ākea o ka ʻewalu kenimita. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ke kino - pearlescent, pale a pink a turquoise paha,
- Pūnaewele. He liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui. Mai ulu i hoʻokahi centimeter. Paʻa ʻia ka kala i ka melemele,
- Nā wasps Kelemania. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala kino ʻokoʻa - ʻoniʻula. He ʻeleʻele ka ʻeleʻele o kēia ʻano ʻano, he ʻēheu ʻeleʻele kona. ʻAʻole ʻēheu nā wahine i nā manawa; ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau ʻōpū velvet.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka pīpī?
Kiʻi: Animal Wasp
Kālaha ʻia nā ʻelele o nā wasps ma ka honua. Hiki iā lākou keʻike maʻalahi ma Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Europe, Africa, Argentina, Canada, Mexico, Australia, China, Japan. ʻAʻole wale ka holoholona i noho wale ia ma Sahara sultry, ka Arctic a ma nā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Makemake nā Wasps i kahi hiʻohiʻona mahana, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho ma nā wahi wela a wela ʻole ka hau.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: aia i loko o Iapana a me Kina he nui ʻinoino o nā wasps - ka pū ʻili o ʻAsia. ʻO kona nui e hiki i nā ʻeono kenimika. Nui kahi uahi o kēlā mau inikini i lawa no ka make o kekahi kanaka, ʻoiai inā he kanaka maʻi maʻamau. Wahi a nā helu helu, a hiki i ka poʻe he kanalima ka poʻe e make i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka piha ʻana o ka pū ʻehā o Asia ma kēia mau ʻāina.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā poʻe wasp ma ka Papa Hemolele ʻĀkau. Aia wale ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ma Brazil. Ke koho nei kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi i ko lākou nohoʻāina e like me nā kumumanaʻo: ka hoʻokaumaha, ke alo o nā lāʻau, nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea ka hiki i ka noho kino o ke kanaka ke loaʻa i ka lau nā meaʻai ponoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau ke kūkulu i nā nests a ulu ʻōhule. Kūkulu kekahi poʻe i nā hale mai ka pālolo, nā ʻōpala. Nānā like i nā hale kākela liʻiliʻi ko lākou ʻuʻuku.
He aha kahi mea ʻai a wasp?
ʻAi ʻokoʻa like ka ʻai o nā loina o nā ʻano wasp. Aia ia i kekahi mau mea: ʻano holoholona, ʻano ulu, hoʻoulu. Me he mea ʻole ke ʻano kēia mau manu i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka iʻa, nā iʻa, nā huaʻai, nā huaiki a me nā kukui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka ʻai nui o nā wasps, akā wale nō kahi mea hoihoi i ka mea ʻai.
ʻOi ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻōiwi i nā meaʻai momona, nāʻu. ʻAi lākou i ka pulp o nā hua like ʻole, nā kanu kanu, nā hua waina a me nā nectars. Inā huli ka manawa, ʻaʻole a ka manaʻo i ka mea ʻai e ʻai i kahi uaki iki, ʻo ka meli a me ka mea ʻala ʻono. He ulu a ʻupena ʻo Wasps. No laila, maʻalahi lākou e ʻike i nā huaʻai palaka a lau ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i ka ʻohu o ka pia, kvass. Lawe mai nā wīwī i ka ʻāpana o kā lākou hua i kā lākou hua, ka mākeke. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā limahana i kēia.
He wahiʻai ʻaʻa ʻo ka poʻe Predator. ʻOi ka mea ʻai nui i nā iniseti: nā manu, nā lele, nā ʻohu, nā ʻūpī liʻiliʻi. Pēlā nō e hānai ai i kā lākou keiki. He mea kupaianaha loa ke kaʻina holoholona hopu ʻana i ka mea hopu. ʻO ka mea mua, nānā ʻo ia no kahi mea e hiki mai ana, a laila make kū ʻole ʻia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo Hymenoptera e hoʻopili i ka pala ma loko o ka mea ʻala e hiki ai i ka wā e hoʻohālikelike ai. Hāʻawi ka mea pona i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i ka hou.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā huaʻōlelo inoa no nā ʻano nui. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o waho nā ʻano like ʻole o nā wasps heʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. Ka mea maʻamau:
Nā leka uila. ʻO ka mea maʻamau maʻamau i nā kānaka. Noho lākou i kahi kokoke i kekahi kanaka, he ʻulaʻula a me ka kala melemele. ʻIliʻili. Kahu o ka nui o ka nui, e ulu ana a hiki i 8 cm.ʻae nō hoʻi ke kala maʻamau. Pūnaewele. He ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi kēia mau inikua. ʻAʻole ulu i ulu nui aʻe ma kahi o ka centimeter. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kala me ka nui o ka melemele. Kelemania. Nā pepeke me kahi kala kūikawā. Mālamalama ka kala o ko lākou papaʻaila. Kūpono koke ʻia kēlā mau aua. ʻEleʻele me nā ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio me nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele. He ʻēheu nā wahine, no lākou kahi i kapa ʻia ai ka inoa o nā popo velvet.
ʻAneʻa - hea i noho ai nāpsu?
Hiki ke loaʻa nā holoholona ma nā wahi āpau. Kūkulu kēia mau pepeke ma luna o nā konika āpau. Aia lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau o CIS, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā inikini wale no ma ka Sahara nui, ma ka ʻArctic, a me ka Penia o Arabia. ʻO nā mea aloha e noho i kahi pālahalaha. ʻAʻole ʻae nā ʻāina wela a me ka hau.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā pepeke i ka ʻākau ʻākau o ka honua. ʻIke ʻia kekahi ma Brazil. E koho nā manu ola i nā hale e pili ana i nā kuleana: ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā mea kanu e hūnā, nā kānaka a me ke anuanu. ʻO ka puni ʻana i ka poʻe e ʻae i nā wasps e kiʻi wikiwiki i ka meaʻai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noho ma luna o nā lāʻau, a kūkulu i nā nīpū ma waho o ka lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho hou kekahi mau ʻōhua mai nā hilo mai nā pōhaku lepo a i ʻole nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi. ʻO waho, e like ana nā hale like me nā hale kiʻi liʻiliʻi.
Keiki kuhihewa
No Wasps nā hymenoptera, ʻo ia ka nui o nā pepeke he nui, ʻoi aku ma kahi o 155 tausani mau ʻano. ʻO ka manaʻo maoli o ka umauma o kēia mau pepeke, ʻo ia ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ka sternum aia kekahi mea ʻokiʻiki ma ke ʻano o ke kumu lāʻau, i hāmama i ka puka ʻana o ia mea like me "wasp pingg". Loaʻa ke kino o ka iniseti i ʻāpana 3 i ke poʻo - ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. ʻOiai ke ʻanoʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻano i ka waiho ʻia o ke kino, nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka ʻeleʻele, ka melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula i nā manawa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻēheu i hiki ai ke hoʻopili ʻia e like me ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kēia mau ʻāpana. E like me ke kānāwai, he ʻeleʻele a mālamalama nā ʻēheu, me nā ʻike nani. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā ʻēheu hind ma mua o ka mua. Hiki iā lākou ke lulu me ke kala ʻokoʻa, akā hiki iā lākou ke kala ʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papa hānai he 5 mau ʻāpana. Hana lākou i nā hana like, me ke eli.
Ma ke poʻo o ka pūhike hiki ke ʻike i kahi pua nani o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā lōʻihi. Hana pū nā manu i nā hana like ʻole, me ke ʻae ʻana i ka inisini e holo i ka lewa. Hoʻomaka nā maka. ʻO nā ʻōpala, ʻoiai, ʻaʻohe o lākou niho, ikaika ikaika e kaʻi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao chitinous pepeke.
ʻO ka wasp, e like me ka bee, he iʻe ʻo ia i ke kaʻe o ka ʻōpū. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻo nā wahine wale nō ke pani. He ʻōwili loa ka helehelena a hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻaila, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i nā ʻano maʻi o nā ʻano mea maʻi. Me ke kōkua o ka ʻona, ua pale aku kahi pīpī, iā lākou iho, nā ʻōpio, nā pūnaka a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! ʻOkoʻa nā kāne male wahine ʻole. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻokomo ka wahine o kekahi mau ʻano hūʻihi i kahi lōʻihi ma kahi o 5,5 cm. Aia kēia mau holoholona aia i nā ʻano o nā ʻeke a noho i nā ʻāina mahana me kahi anuanu. Hiki i kekahi o nā ʻano ʻāpana i kā mākou ʻāina.
Ma nā kiʻi ma lalo, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo pono i ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana o nā wasps.He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa na ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā wasps i ka helehelena o nā pākeke, no ka mea, ʻaʻole maemae ke keʻokeʻo. He kōpala nui kēia o nā mea predator e hānai ana i nā meaʻai protein.
Nā wasps Public
Kahi ʻia nā ʻano ʻuʻina like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole, me ke ʻano o nā pepa. Noho ke kōpau ākea i nā kolana, hiki iā lākou ke helu a hiki i hoʻokahi miliona kanaka. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā nests o nā ʻano like ʻole, mai kahi ʻāpana i ke anawaena a hiki i ka nui o 60 cm. Hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia ma nā kiʻi.
I kahi ʻohana nui, ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kānaka i nā castes, ʻoiai e kamaʻilio ana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo a me nā hōʻailona. E alakaʻi ʻia ka ʻohana e kahi ʻōpū, kahi i hoʻolaʻa i ka hua. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona manu ma ka pūnana a loaʻa paha kekahi mau makuahine wahine i loaʻa ʻole ke kūlana o ke aliʻi wahine o ka ʻohana, akā e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻohana aspen.
Kahiki wasp
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia pūʻulu manuahi e ka noho kaʻawale o kēlā me kēia kanaka, no laila, ʻaʻohe hale hihiu. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he mau mea hihiu nui kēia. Ke waiho nei lākou i kā lākou mau mamo i hope ma luna o ke kino o nā hua pepeke nui. I kēia hihia, ulu kū hoʻokahi ka larva kūʻokoʻa, e hānai ana i ka ʻiʻo o nā pili. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o kāna mea ʻuʻuku, lawe nā haumāna larva a kali i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wela maoli, puka mai kahi pālule puka mai ka pupa. He mea make ʻono a nā manuahi, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou ʻuʻā e pale ana i ka ʻili o ke kanaka me ka lāʻau wela. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi a me nā inoa o nā wasps ma lalo nei i loko o ka kikokikona.
Hoihoi mai e ike! Nui nā inoa inoa ʻōpala lehulehu: lāʻau, pepa, etc. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana manuahi i nā mea pili i ka inoa - ke one, ke ala, ka ʻeli ʻana. Ma waena o kēia mau ʻokoʻa āpau he mau mea palekana a maikaʻi loa, a loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu parasit a me nā wasps luku.
Ma ka ʻāpana o ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke loaʻa i nā wasps ma nā wahi āpau, a nui loa kā lākou ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā wasps
Aia a loaʻa nā kolo he nui o nā wasps. ʻElua mau ʻano ʻelua i ʻōlelo ʻia: ka lehulehu a me ka manawaleʻa.
Public (pepa) noho i loko o nā ʻohana, ka mālama pū ʻana i ka hua, ʻo ke poʻo o ke kolona ka ʻōpū:
- vespins. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau. Kui: ke kāʻei ʻeleʻele ulaula me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hierarchy o nā koloni e like me nā pi: ʻo ka ʻōpū i lohi ai nā uluna i ka pūnāwai a hānai iā lākou. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kauwela, e ulu pono nā kānaka hana, hana lākou i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā meli. I ka wā hemo, he mau wahine wahine'ōpiopio a hoʻomau i ka hoʻoilo i ka wa i kūkulu ʻia ai. ʻO ka ʻōpū kahiko. I ka pūnāwai, ua hoʻokumu ʻo nā wahine ʻōpio i nā koloni hou. E hana ana ka pū i ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka wao pepeke o ka pepa Vespa,
- hapalua mau ʻōleloʻoiaʻiʻo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea kiaʻi manu hihiu nui maʻamau. Kūkulu i ka puka melemele manuahi. I kekahi mau kolone, ua aliʻi kekahi wahine, i kekahi manawa he mau aliʻi wahine kū i ka kolone. Hoʻohana ka Polysty i ka wai huaʻai, hānai i ka ulaula me nā mea ola ─ ke kō o nā mea inikua make.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau o nā wasps:
- kau hao. ^ E Ha yM. Kaʻeli lākou i nā minks, ʻimi manu, hōʻaiʻe iā lākou me ka wikiwiki. Kākau: ʻeleʻele kala, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻeleʻele nā ʻāpana. ʻO nā wāwae lōʻihi loa i hoʻolako ʻia me nā eli eli,
- Kelemania. ^ E Ha yM. Ua loaʻa iā Wasps ka inoa lua ma muli o ka like me nā hiʻohiʻona wahine ʻona ʻole i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho lahilahi. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. He kilokino nā wahine, i nā kala ʻulaʻula, me kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā lauoho ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻōpū,
- spangles. ^ E Ha yM. Pahuʻula-uliuli-ʻulaʻulaʻula me ka kukui. He palaolima nā ʻūlā, ʻo ka host ka mea pīhoihoi, wasp-vespin, sawfly. ʻOkoʻa ka males ma loko o 5 mau ʻāpana ma ka ʻōpū (ma nā wahine ─ 4). Hoʻopau lākou i nā hua pepeke o nā pōpoki, pollinate mea kanu,
- moa. ^ E Ha yM. Nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me nā kukui ʻeleʻele a me ka melemele ma ka ʻōpū. I ka wā hoʻoulu ʻana, luku ikaika lākou i nā pīpī rhino, mākāʻau, e waiho ana i nā hua manu i loko o ke kino o nā hua ʻino,
- nokeo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻEleʻele me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. He mea maʻamau nā mea i nā kihi a pau o ka honua. Noho lākou i ka nui o nā mea kanu umbrella. I ka wā pilikia o ka hiki ke pale. Nā mea hana e neʻe ai i ka honua, luku i nā ululāʻau, i manaʻo ʻia he mea pono,
- one (ʻeli) ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma ka wahine: ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. Ma waho, kūʻokoʻa lākou i kahi māhele elongated loa o ka ʻōpū, ʻulaʻula ma ke kumu. ʻEleʻele a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ke koena o ka pepeke. Luna: luku i nā pōpō, nā kīpī, kau ʻia iā lākou i loko o nā minks no ka hānai hope ʻana o nā hua.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Hōʻailona ka nui o nā iniseti weliweli i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili hua: ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā māla lāʻau a me nā lāʻau hua i ka hopena o Iulai a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa. A hiki i ka wa waena o ke kauwela, heʻuʻuku loa nā wasps. I ka wā hāʻule, hoʻopau nā māla i nā beehives piha i ʻole no ka huki ʻana i nā mea ulaula pōpilikia i ka pūnāwai hope. Holo nā ʻeleʻele ʻōpiopio i ka ʻelee kahiko no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO nā ua kau hoʻoilo no ka hemo ua pohā, nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā ʻano o nā hale.
Hōʻalo i ka hibernation (diapause), koho ka wasp i kahi i mālama ʻia mai kahi kiʻekiʻe wela. I loko o nā ʻano kaiāulu, waiho pū nā wahine hana i ka ʻohana. Ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke anuanu, lilo lākou i lethargic, ʻaʻole hana. Ua make lākou mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, nā manu. Ma kahi mahana o + 15 ° C, hele mai nā wahine i ka wā hānau, hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi pūnana hou a moe i ka hua manu.
ʻĀnō ke ola
Loaʻa ke ola o nā iniseti hakakā me ko lākou ʻano, ke kūlana ma ka ʻohana.
- ola ke kāne ʻelua a ʻekolu mau malama. Ma hope o ka hiamoe ʻana, haʻalele lākou i ka maʻi a make,
- ʻo ka wahine e hana nei no ka malama a me ka hapa, lehulehu e make ana e lele ana no ka meaʻai.
- ʻ longerlelo ka lōʻihi o nā keiki i ʻike ʻia e nā wahine. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anu anuanu, haʻalele lākou i ka nalo, e noho ana i ka hale hoʻoilo. Noho ʻo Uterus i hoʻokahi makahiki, me kahi koho koho maikaʻi o kahi wahi no ka hānau ʻana ─ i kekahi mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i nā poʻe lehulehu
Mālama ka ʻōpū i nā hua i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a, i ka wā mua, e mālama pono i ka hua o ka wā e hiki mai ana ma luna o kāna iho, loaʻa ka ʻai no ia. Ma ke ʻano o ka hānau mua ʻana o nā wasps, e hoʻomaka koke lākou e mālama i ka pili, me ka hua palapala.
Ma hope o ka kau ʻana i ka hua, i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai e puka mai nā ulia like ʻole. Kūleʻa ka huaʻi, i ka wā e lawe mai ai nā pākeke iā lākou i nā pīpī, spider, lele, ʻōpala o nā mea ʻino like ʻole, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻai. I ke hala o 2 mau pule, ua hoʻokele ka larva i ka hoʻokahe i nā manawa he nui, ʻoiai e hoʻonui nui ana a, ma hope, huli ʻia i kahi chrysalis. Puka kekahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio, ka mea pono kūʻokoʻa i ka niu. Loaʻa kēia mau mea kokoke i 3 mau pule. ʻO ka hana nui loa o nā wasps i ke kauwela.
ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻia ʻana o nā wasps
Ua hānai nā lua manu me ka lohi i ka lulu no ka mea pono e loaʻa ka mea hōʻeha, ʻeli i ka lua a huki i kahi pepeke pālolo i loko o kēlā lua. Hāʻawi kekahi ʻōlapa i kahi hua manu ma ke kino o ka mea maʻi maʻi, e hele nei mai waho o ka lua a e kīi ai i ka lua. I ka manawa like, no kēlā me kēia larva, pono ia e hōʻiliʻili i ka mea i hiki ke kuʻi a ʻeli i ka lua. ʻAʻole hana nui. Hoʻomaʻo ka larva i ka ʻiʻo o ka mea i make, ma hope o kona hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana. I kahi kula kamaliʻi, aia ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo a pau. No nā malama ʻeono ʻaʻole i ola ʻoi.
ʻAuhea e ʻike ai nāpsu?
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano manu manu e noho ana i nā ʻohana i nā nisa i kahi o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia he meli. Kūkulu nā ʻuʻuku i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i kahi mamao loa mai kēlā mau wahi kahi e nui ka hale o nā lako a me nā meaʻai. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, nā wahi no kēia ka haʻalele ʻia o nā nisa, nā ʻōpala hele, nā lāʻau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻano pinepine loa, ʻike ʻia nā wasps ma nā papa pilikino a i ʻole cottages, i nā pā hale ʻē aʻe, nā hale kūpono, nā hale kalepa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Maanei lākou e noho ai a ulu a kā lākou keiki i ke kauwela o ke kauwela, a me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wā lūlū waiho lākou lākou i ka pili. ʻO nā wahine ʻōpio liʻiliʻi, hānai nā wahine e ola i ka holo ʻana i nā wahi like ʻole.
Loaʻa nā manuahi a hoʻokahi i waena o nā holoholona hihiu. I ka pō, hiki iā lākou ma ke kumu o nā mea kanu, e hoʻopaʻa ana iā lākou me ko lākou mau wāwae me nā māka. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i loko o ka pua. He ʻano like ʻole kēia mau pepeke, e hoʻololi mau ana i ko lākou wahi.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o nā wasps
Hoʻokomo wale nā poʻe loea e aʻo i nā ʻano ola o nā wasps. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ke kanaka ke aʻo i nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i kēia mau mea kupanaha. O kahi laʻana:
- ʻO nā wasps liʻiliʻi he mau ʻano o nā wasps maʻamau e noho nei ma nā ʻohana. Noho ka wahine i ka 2 cm i ka lōʻihi, a ʻo nā luna āpau o kēia ʻano - a hiki i ka 1.8 cm.
- Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ewaena lāʻau me ka mea e kāʻili ʻia ana lākou e ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻulaʻula. Aia i nā ʻano ʻano, hiki i ka nui o lākou ka mai 1 a 6 cm. No kēia ʻāpana pū kekahi a me kēia ʻohana a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i nā mea ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia kekahi o nā mea hihiu koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO ka synodica wasp e pili ana i nā wasps lāʻau, akā liʻiliʻi ka ʻike e pili ana i ia.
- Noho ka ʻūlani Hūsia ma kahi o Kina a me Iapana, kahi ma kahi o 50 mau kānaka e make mai ka huki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui o ka inikini a hiki i ka 5.6 cm ʻO kahi lawa a lawa no ka make ʻana o ka mea make, ʻoi aku ka maʻi ʻomaʻomaʻo.
- ʻO nā loea nui i koho ʻia e manaʻo ʻia he mau lālā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o nā ʻano lāʻau wasp. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka 5.5 cm i ka lōʻihi, a ulu ke kāne i luna o 3.2 cm.ʻO nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia e waiho ana ma ke kino o nā pīpī a Mei paha a i ʻole nā manu kuhi. ʻOkoʻa kā lākou noho ʻokoʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana no nā poʻe e kahi iniseti, ʻoiai ʻo kona nui kupaianaha. ʻO ka hopena o kahi huʻahuʻu he maʻalahi maʻalahi ka wahi o ka ʻuʻī.
- Kelemania, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o 3 cm ka nui. ʻAʻole nā ʻēheu i nā ʻēheu a like hoʻi me nā popo nui. ʻIli ʻia ka wahine i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kala ʻono. ʻAʻole lākou e kūkulu i kā lākou mau ʻuhane, koho i nā kahu hū a me nā nests ʻē aʻe o nā wasps no kā lākou ola.
Nui ka nui o nā ʻano Hymenoptera ma ka lewa, a he ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā wasps
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano ma ke ʻano no ka poʻe ola ola a puni ka honua. ʻAʻohe o nā wasps keʻole, ʻoiai ka mea āpau me lākou i kahi mea ʻino. O kahi laʻana:
- Uhi ʻia i nā ʻuʻuku o nā ʻuʻuku i waiho ʻia me ke keiki ʻole a ka mea ʻānai ʻia e nā popo, me ka luku ʻana i nā mea palupalu a maʻi ʻole paha.
- Holo ka ʻona punahele pālule no nā wasps, kahi e kū ai i loko o ka pūnana o nā pūlima a waiho i nā hua. ʻO nā ʻōhumu o kēia iniseti parasitize i nā wasps ʻōpio.
- ʻO nā Hornets ka pōʻino weliweli a me nā weliweli o nā ʻohana wasp. Ma kahi hoʻouka hoʻokahi, hiki i nā pūkē ke hoʻopau i ka ʻohana āpau o nā wasps, no ka mea he pono lākou i ka nui a me nā helu.
- Holo nui nā manu Wasp i nā wasps, kahi e hānai i nā moa me nā hua pā a me nā pākeke.
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻāʻī, ke emi me ka nui o ka ea ma luna o nā ʻōpū, ʻaʻole ia i lilo i mea ikaika, no laila ua lilo lākou i mau mea kīpū a me nā manu.
He mea paʻakikī ke hālāwai me kekahi kanaka ʻaʻole i hālāwai me nā wasps: ma nā wahi a pau. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā kauhale liʻiliʻi a me nā megacities. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo aʻe i kēia: aia kahi kanaka, aia nā puʻu, ʻo ka mea i hiki i kēia kanaka ke loaʻa kahi pōpoki ʻai nona.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi ʻOhi
I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻomau mau ʻia nā pākeke. E hana i kēia, ʻike lākou i kahi wahi neʻe no lākou iho i mua. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, me ka mahana mua, lele ka ʻōiwi i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻēheu. Pono ke kōnoi no ka wahine e waiho hua ma laila a ulu i kāna hua. No ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōpala lāʻau, nā pālolo, nā pōhaku a me nā mea kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe.
Mai nā hua mua, ʻike ʻia nā mea maikaʻi. Hoʻomau lākou e kūkulu i kahi kahi e noho ai a lawe mai i ka meaʻai no nā hua o ka hanauna e hiki mai ana. Aia wale nō ma ka hopena o ke kauwela e hiki i nā hope ke kūleʻa i nā ʻano like ponoʻī. Aia i ka wā e hiki mai ana e male. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e ʻimi nā wahine i kahi o kahi hoʻoilo wela, a make koke nā kāne i ka make maoli.
Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine wasp ke hana hou i ʻelua tausani keu. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole he hua. Hoʻokomo ka ʻōpū i nā hua i kau ʻia ma kahi keʻena kūikawā. Ma laila ʻo ia e kau ai i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻai ana ka palu i kēia mau mea hihiu i hiki koke ai i ka pākeke. Loaʻa ʻo Larvae, kahi i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohua i ka hua, he ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. Ua hānai lākou i ka meaʻai e hoʻolaha nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā māka. Noho ʻo ka ʻōpū ma kahi he ʻumi mahina, a ʻo nā kekona ka paʻakai he ʻehā pule wale nō.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā wīwī he kūpono, kūpono a nui hoʻi o ka fauna. ʻAe, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i ka meli momona, e like me nā meli, a hōʻino paha i ka ʻoihana beekeeping. Eia naʻe, ma nā wahi'ē aʻe o ke ola a me ke ʻano, hana lākou i kahi hana nui - luku lākou i nā pōpoki like ʻole. Hāpai lākou i nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi, hānai iā lākou i kā lākou hua. He hopena maikaʻi kēia o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole pilikia ka māla lāʻau ma nā wāwae o nā pōpoki.
No ka laʻana, hiki i ka wasps ke kōkua holoʻokoʻa i ka maʻi manu e like me ka bea. Inā ʻeha ka bear ma ka pūnaewele, lawa ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā wasps me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu pua. Mālama koke ʻia nā ʻupuna i ka "kau mea" ma ka pūnaewele. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā wīwī e pale aku i nā ʻolua a me nā lau lehu. Mālama nā mea kanu i kēia mau pōpoki: pā, ka pepa, pepa nui, nosed. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻemi i ka nui o nā iniseti maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa kēia e hana ai me lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻole o nā mea kemikena.
Nui ka nui o nā mea pili i ka pīpī. Kahi lākou i nā ʻāina he nui, hoʻonui koke ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke pale iā lākou iho. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā ʻanoʻano e ke kaʻina o ka pahuhopu a hoʻopau ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ʻole ke ʻaulima i ka ʻāina wasp me ka pololei loa. He mau ʻuʻina liʻiliʻi kēia e noho kū pinepine i nā wahi hiki ʻole. No kēia kumu, ʻike ʻole ka ʻike o ka lehulehu.
Pale ʻia OS
Kuhi: Wasp Red Book
Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻano o nā wasps me ka weliweli, no laila ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Red Book. Hoʻokahi wale nō mau holoholona i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema ma nā wahi kūikawā. No laila, no ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia kahi wasp ululāʻau i loko o ka Red Book o ka Lāua o Moscow. Ma ka māhele o Moscow, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopau ma nā ululāʻau nā nahele. I nā kāne, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO ke kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka wao nahele no ka hoʻopōʻino ʻia i nā kānaka. ʻO kahi kumu nui kēia. Kūpono ka poʻe make i nā ʻuʻuku. No nā mea ʻilihune, ua nui ka hopena o ka ʻāina o ka heluna kanaka. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona. ʻO kēia mau mea hihiu i kūkulu i ko lākou mau hale i kahi ākea, ma nā lāʻau. Hiki i ka ua nui ka hoʻohemo i ka home.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me nā hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe mai nā ʻano manuahi ʻē aʻe kekahi mau manaʻo o ka nui o nā puʻu lāʻau. Ua lilo pinepine kēia mau holoholona i mau heihei o nā manu, na mea kilokilo, nā pepeke makehewa. E pili ana i nā pōʻino o nā loli o ka nui o nā puʻu manuahi, ua kākau ʻia kēia ʻano o nā pepeke manuahi ma ka Red Book o ke Kōkeke ʻo Moscow. I kēia mau lā, mālama pono nā kahu o kēia mau holoholona. I ka wā kokoke loa ka hoʻolālā e hana i nā wahi kūlohelohe hou.
Was-was - he ʻelele kupaianaha o ka fauna. He pokole ko lakou ola ʻana, akā he hoihoi. Ma luna o ko lākou mau makahiki pōkole, hoʻokele nā wasps i kūkulu hale, ulu hua, a kōkua kekahi mau ʻano pili i kekahi kanaka me kaʻole o nā mea i hoʻokuʻi ʻia i nā pōpoki kīlū. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka nui o nā wasps e like me ka manaʻo nui. Hōʻoluʻolu ka nui o nā ʻano he nui a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hakakā wale i kekahi kanaka no ke kumu ʻole.
ʻAuhea e noho ai nāpsu?
ʻO ke 'ano o kahi noho. No ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka ʻai. Noho nā hale paʻahao pepa i loko o ka māla, i nā lotika, ma lalo o ka hale o nā hale pilikino. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi meli, pinepine i ka hohonu i ka nalo i ka pili ʻana a i ʻole e uhi ana i ka papahele ma ka hale kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā pūlaki o nā pūlima, e pā ana ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana a me ka hānai ʻana i nā hua e nā limahana hana wahine. Noho nā Males a hiki wale i ka moe ʻana.
ʻAʻole kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano ʻano kaawale i ka hapa o nā hale, e lawe ana i nā minks mai nā pūnāwai, nā kiʻi, nā pepeke nui. Mālama lākou i nā hua manu i loko o ke kino o ka manu he mea make, ʻaʻole mālama pono i ka hua, no laila ua pōkole ka ola o ke kīleʻaleʻa: a hiki i ka wā anuanu a lele paha kahi manu lele.
He aha nā mea kau e ʻai ai?
Koho ke koho i ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea ʻai i nā huaʻōlelo. Loaʻa i nā mea kaupaona meaʻai ka meaʻai no nā larvae: nā ʻāpana kino i hui ʻia, nā pōpoki, nā ʻāpala, nā pōpoki, nā slugs. Mālama ka Ferment i ka ʻōpio, hiki ke hoʻohuli wale i ko lākou poʻo. No ka mau meli, ʻo nā wasps i ka wā e ulu ana i ka mau pōleʻa he nui ka weliweli, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻūhā a me nā hua manu i hoʻopau ʻia e hoʻopau loa i nā mālama meli.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻano hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kau ana i ka hua manu ma ke kino o nā pīpī, kā lākou pūlima, e hāʻawi ana i kā lākou hua ponoʻī me ka meaʻai no ka manawa mua. ʻAno pāpiopio ka ʻoluʻolu o nā niho. Hiki i kahi kolone nui ke luku aku i ka hapa nui o nā hua waina a me nā plums, hoʻopōʻino nui iā lākou i nā huaʻī, nā ʻale. I ka wā hāʻule, hōʻiliʻili ka wahine i nā mea i kū i ke anuanu, e like me ka antifreeze. I ka hoʻoilo, aia ka iniseti i kahi kūlana o ka wā hānau (diapause), ke kāpae nei ke kaʻina hana ola i kēia manawa.
He aha e hana inā he palahehe kahi?
Loaʻa paha he mau ʻoki i waena o ke kauwela. E ʻai nā kānaka pākeke i nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai, no laila hiki pinepine iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kekahi pōʻino i loko o ka māla. Hoʻokomo wale nā wahine i nā ʻeha hōʻeha. ʻO ke kaumaha ua ovipositor i loli i ka wā o ke kaʻina aʻoaʻo. Hoʻokipa hou nā mea kaua i waho o ke kino, ke ʻalo nei, me ka wikiwiki i ka huki hou ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻolaha i nā hōʻeha a hiki i ka iho ʻana i ka pono o nā pona.
ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka mea kaua make, ʻo ka mea manu ʻaʻole i pōʻino i ka lele a like, ʻaʻole like i ka piʻo, ka mea i ʻike ʻole i ka ʻoi e pale ai i ke kī ʻia ʻana mai ke kino o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ka hopena o ka make o kahi mea make maikaʻi.
ʻĀpana o ka pepa o ka wasp venom:
- nā neurotoxins hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻeha, ka maʻi pākēnē, hōʻole i ke koko,
- hyaluronidase ─ hoʻopau i nā membrane cell, hana i ka ʻula a me ka ʻeha i ke kahua o ka ʻāʻī,
- histamine, hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena o ka maʻi,
- ka acetylchonin, e pili ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea pili i ka nerve, e hōʻeha i ka ʻeha ma hope o kahi koka.
- Hoʻopau ka luna o nā phospholipases i nā paia o nā pūna me ke kō.
Ma hope koke o kahi māu pono e:
- E holoi maikaʻi i ka hōʻeha.
- Hoʻopili i ka pūnaewele wahi me ka peroxide, ka waiʻona, kaʻaila a me ka furatsilin.
- E noi i kahi hoʻomehana anuanu.
- Lawe i kahi antihistamine. E kōkua ka mea hana e hōʻoluʻolu i ka puhi ʻana, ka hana kele ʻana, ka puhi ʻana ma hope o ka huehue.
- Polokaha, inu i nā ʻano wai he nui.
Hāpai hua, nā momona sorrel e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka ʻeha. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā wasps he pono a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka nīnau e nā ʻepekema. ʻO ke kānāwai nui: ʻo ka hymenoptera iā ia iho ʻaʻole i kūkiuki, ʻaʻole e hoʻouka me ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻole. ʻO ke kūpono a me nā hōʻino o nā iniseti i ke kūlohelohe. Nui nā mea kōkua i ka māla a me ka māla i ka luku ʻana i nā pīpī, spiders, bear, aphids a me nā pipi.