Marigolds - he ʻohana ʻohana i kēia mau lā, akā i kekahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he subfamily o nā nymphalids. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau pepeke ʻo satyrides a satyrs - eia kēia inoa o ka ʻōlelo ʻano Helene "he hapalua-kānaka". ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā satires a i ʻole ka nui, ua hoʻopuni ʻia ko lākou mau ʻēheu, me kahi kala pale - brown, brown, hina. ʻO nā manawa pinepine he mau maka "maka" ma luna o nā ʻēheu, liʻiliʻi a nui paha. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi mau ʻōleʻaleʻa ʻōkuhi.
ʻO nā mea he nui o ka ʻohana o kēia ʻohana ka hānai i ka wai o nā hua overripe a me ka paddy - nā mea huna o ka aphids. Akā ua mamao loa nā nectar i kā lākou meaʻai punahele. Noho ka Marigolds a puni ka honua, aia ma kahi o 2400 mau lāʻau. A loaʻa iā lākou a pau hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona - ke ʻano o ka "lele" lele, ka mea e hoʻopili i ka hopu ʻana i nā manu he nui.
Paʻu ʻāhā ʻulaʻula maʻEulopa ua loaʻa ko lākou inoa no ke kala ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu, ʻaʻole no ka hale, no ka mea ākea lākou i loko o Central ʻEulopa. Noho ka poʻe Aitiopa ma nā ululāʻau mālamalama, i nā nāhelehe, e loaʻa pinepine i nā mauna - ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1700 m ma mua o ke kai. I loko o nā lele, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻAitiopa i loko o ke kauwela āpau - mai Iune a ʻAukake - a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu, he 40-50 mm, hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia.
K ?helau a ka Aeto ola a puni ʻEulopa, a me ʻĀina a me Central Asia. Paʻi ʻia kēia ʻano pōpō, akā makemake ʻo ia e noho ma ka malu, ma lalo o ke kuʻi lāʻau, ma nā kihi a i ʻole ka hele ʻana i ka pū. E koho nā maka kāne-ʻili i nā wahi liʻiliʻi (ma kahi o 4 m paha ka lōʻihi), i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā, kahi lākou e huki ai i nā wahine a pale i ko lākou ʻāina mai nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, inā pilikia pōpilikia, lele koke lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3-5 m a noho i nā lālā lāʻau. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele mamao, a no laila, he mea momona ka mālama kino ʻana - ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe i nā mea ʻino ke hele i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka nahele.
Hoʻokapu ʻia nā Hukua liʻiliʻi - a 25 mm ʻo ka lōʻihi. Ma muli o ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hiki ke ʻike ʻia a kokoke ʻole lākou i nā manu ma ke ʻano o nā ʻalā nui, e like me ka bluegrass. ʻAi lākou i kēia mau kalo. Noho nā kōlepika i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ka diapause, a me nā haumana i ka pūnāwai wale nō.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ke ʻano ʻo ka mea hana ʻo Pygmalion kahi kiʻi o kahi kaikamahine maikaʻi, kāhea ʻo ia iā Galatea a hāʻule aloha iā ia. A hoʻōla nā akua i ke kiʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ka ʻuhane, akā i kēia lā Ke nānā aku nei ka maka o Galateaʻoluʻolu mai ko mākou maka. Loaʻa kēia pelu i ʻEulopa, ma nā puʻu uulilua, ma nā ala lāʻau a hiki i nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m, a i nā lā wela hiki ke ʻike ʻia e noho ana ma nā pua.
Marigold
ʻO Satyrinae ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo kēia kupu keu. Hōʻike i ka subfamily o nā palalā lā. Ke nānā ʻokoʻa loa ka Marigold. ʻO nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (nā wingpan 42-48 cm), i paʻi ʻia i nā kala ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula, velvety. ʻO ka maʻamau me nā maka nānā, ʻokoʻa pinepine ke keʻokeʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele.
Noho ia ma ka nahele ulu coniferous, aloha anuanu. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ala o nā ululāʻau a i ʻole ke ala ʻana. ʻO nui ka kahe nui o ka Velvet, hānai i nā cereals hihiu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka pulupulu mai Iune a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. I kēia manawa, kahuli a 3 mau hanauna. Kahi ʻalo aku ʻōpala a make. Hoʻolāleʻa ka momona a Marigold pupae, akā he mau holoholona ʻano lahilahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻohana
ʻO ka ʻohana o nā pōpō o nā ʻāpana marigolds i kapa ʻia satyrs a me nā satirids (Satiridae). A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia he subfamili o Nymphalides. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena o waho, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā ʻōnaehana a lilo nā ʻāpana i kahi ʻohana ʻokoʻa. I loko o ke ao nei aia ma kahi o 2400 mau ano o nā marigold. Loaʻa ka papa nui o nā ʻōpala piha me nā ʻōpio wela. Noho ʻia ka leo wela o Palearctic e 350 mau ʻano o ka satyrides.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana marigold e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona:
- Nā nui liʻiliʻi a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - wingpan 30-60 mm.
- He lele lele mokulele, e ʻae iā ʻoe e pakele ai i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā mea kuhi.
- He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula maʻamau, ʻulaʻula, hina, ka hele ʻana o nā wahi ocular ma ka mua a me nā ʻēheu hope.
- ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻonani - hoʻokahi o nā pua i ke kumu o ka ʻēheu mua e ʻoli nui ana.
ʻIkepili. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻoniʻoni o ka lalo a me ke kumu i loko o ke ʻano o nā maka ka pale palekana o nā pupu pōpō. Hiki i kahi kala hoʻonaninani iā lākou ke hoʻohui me nā ʻōpala lāʻau, ke lele ʻana i nā ʻēheu me nā maka ʻonohi e ʻike ʻia ai ka mea hana.
Ma ke ʻano o ke kino, like nā satyrides me nā nymphalids. He antennae lākou i kapa aku ai, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā forelimb a uhi ʻia i nā lauoho me ke ʻano o ka pala. ʻO nā ʻēheu he laulā, puni, ma ka mālie mālie ma ke kua. ʻO nā ʻēheu ʻehā ialu pinepine ʻia ma ke kaʻe. He nāwaliwali ka moeʻuhane. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā pale o ke kala nui o nā ʻēheu.
E hānai ana nā pākeke i nā mea kanu mea kanu. No kekahi mau mea, pono nā mea papa loea hou no ka ola hoʻoikaika. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pepeke mai ka lepo lepo lepo, ʻāwili manu. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, pono ka kāne i ka sodium, ʻike ʻia lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ma nā kahawai o kahi kahawai wai a pōpō paha.
ʻAno hānau
Hiki i ka Marigold ke loaʻa i nā ʻano biotypes kūlohelohe - nā wao nahele, nā anuʻu, nā ʻōpuni kuahiwi, ma nā alanui a me nā pākaʻi. Makemake i nā inikua nā wahi lūlū. Hoʻokumu lākou i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu mau hanauna ma muli o nā ʻano a me ka ʻāina o ka noho. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā huaheleʻe ma ka mauʻu a i ka lepo. Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā kōnika i ka māmā longitudinal a i ʻole nā laula ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohana pinepine i ka pō, camouflaged maikaʻi. Pellet i ka lepo a i ʻole ma ka lepo.
ʻO Sennitsa Alpine
Noho ʻo Sennitsasimfita (Coenonymphasymphita) e pili ana i nā pūlū alpine a me nā wahiʻu mauʻu i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1300-2300 m Ua loaʻa i ka Caucasus, Armenia, Turkey. ʻO ka piko o nā ʻēheu he ʻulaʻula, ma ka pihi o ka peni kala-kala a me ka pōpō. Hoʻākaʻi ʻia kahi maka ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻēheu mua e ke aniani ākea ākea. Aia i nā ʻāpana ʻē he nui o nā wahi like. He hina hina ka palena, e hoʻomaʻi i ke ʻano ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau.
Hoʻokomo nui ka wahine i nā hua nui ma ka lula o kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma hope o 8 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā kukuna. ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka lua o ka makahiki. I ka makahiki aʻe, e ulu mau ana lākou, e ulu ana i 22 mm. Hōʻalo i kahi ʻōpala o ka mauʻu. Pili ka papa haumāna 2 wiki. Lele nā makua i Iune-Iulai, ulu i loko o hoʻokahi hanauna.
Ka maka o ke Ahin
Loaʻa ka ʻaoʻao manu ko-Achu o Achin a i ʻole nā pupu ʻehā nui i loaʻa i loko o ka ulu lāʻau a me ka pae lāʻau-steppe. He ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o nā ʻēheu, ma ke alo o mua ma ka 5 mau wahi pōʻele me ke kaʻe ʻula, ma nā ʻaoʻao hope o 3 mau wahi. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu i nā wahi ʻokoʻa ma kahi o nā kihi o nā kaʻe. Ua holo nā laina ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻēheu. Wingspan 55-60 mm. Loaʻa ka Kagglazka Achina ma loko o Eurasia ma nā ka nahele lāʻau, ma nā wahi lūlū ma nā alanui.
ʻO nā makahiki o nā mākua mai Mei a Iulai, hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi hanauna. Ke alakaʻi nei ka wahine i kahi ola pilikino, e hūnā ana i nā kumulāʻau pōpoki a i ʻole nā lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau. ʻĀkoakoa ʻia nā Males i nā pūʻulu kokoke i nā puddles liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻopā holoholona. ʻAi ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā lau nahele, hoʻomau ka hoʻoilo. Nā haumāna ma Iune i ka makahiki aʻe. Kuhi ʻia ʻia ka Butterfly i loko o ka papa inoa IUCN Red List.
Ka pua peephole
Loaʻa i ka pua pua manaʻo (Aphantopushyperantus) i nā mea he nui no ka inoa o kona inoa - pua satyr, hyperant marigold. ʻO nā ʻēheu brown a hiki i ka 50 mm ka nui he mau maka liʻiliʻi me kahi aniani māmā a puni ka ʻaoʻao. Mālama ʻole nā kala a me ka nui o nā maka. Loaʻa nā loiloi i nā kīkaha, ma nā māla, nā māla a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Hoʻoikaika i ke kauwela āpau, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa. ʻO ka hōʻano o ke kauwela ke hoʻomaka ana o Iulai.
ʻIkepili. ʻO ka pua peephole Butterfly a i ʻole ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula - kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau o nā satyrs ma Eurasia.
Hāpai ka wahine i nā hua manu i ka lele, ulu nā mea lapaʻau i nā lau nahele: puʻupuʻu lōʻihi, puʻu, ʻano. Hoʻohana i ka wā pākeke i ke ao, a makemake kā kā lākou keiki i ka pō. ʻO ka ʻōmula he hina hina-ʻulaʻula ʻia me kahi kaʻo ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. ʻO nā ʻōhua wīwī, nā haumāna i ka Mei-Iune.
ʻOaka maka
E koho nui ʻia ka marigold, me ka lauoho-a a i ʻole ka nānā maka hakahaka (Maniolajurtina) e wehe i nā biotopes - nā wahi ʻai wai ʻole, nā māka nahele, nā alahele, nā alahele. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism kiʻi i ka kala o nā ʻēheu. I nā kāne, ʻeleʻele ka hapa luna o nā ʻēheu. I ka ʻaoʻao waho o nā ʻēheu mua i wahi ʻeleʻele me kahi palena ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa i nā wahine nā ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻēheu o ka imago a hiki i ka 50 mm.
Loaʻa ka hulu pipi-maka ma loko o North Africa, Europe, Asia Minor, a me Iran. Holo ka palena hikina o ka laha hoʻohele ma waena o Western Siberia. Nui nā makahiki imago - mai ka hopena o ka Mei a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa. ʻAi lākou i ka mea kanu meli, e like me aphid excreta. Hoʻololi kekahi hanauna i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I nā lā wela, wela nā pale, e peʻe ana i ka malu.
He manaʻo hoihoi. ʻO nā moʻokāki o kahi marigold e kaomi ana i kahi hulina hīmeni i ka wā o ka lilo ʻana o ka hoa. I ka wā o ke hoʻopili ʻana, e pahu ke kāne i ke kāne.
Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua ma luna o ka mauʻu, kokoke i ka lepo. ʻAuʻula nā ʻōmole, nā kukui māmā i nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopau lākou ma hope o ka molt mua. Mālama nā meaʻai i ka pō, nā mea kanuʻai - allspice, fescue, bluegrass. Ma Mei ka pupate ma nā ʻala mauʻu. Pupa melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻokuʻu ʻia i lalo.
ʻO Marewold butterfly (kiʻi): dryad, maka o ka bipi, ka pua peephole, kahi ʻēheu o Achin
ʻAʻole makemake ka marigold Butterfly i ka ʻula mālamalama, e makemake ana i nā wahi haʻalulu. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica.
ʻO nā palu liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi nā ʻohana o ka marigolds e hele aʻoluʻolu ʻulaʻula, ma ka ʻulaʻula, ke hina hina paha ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi a me nā maka, camouflage underside he hiʻohiʻona. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka imago ʻo nā pihi e uhi ʻia me nā bristles.
Mau papahele loea i nā marigold e nā ʻokiahi i nā māiwi i nā ʻēheu mua.
Mau hale noho ʻo Marigold
Ma kahi o 2400 mau lāʻau o ka marigold i helu ʻia, a ma kahi o 200 o nā ʻano he nui e noho ana i ka keka o ka USSR ma mua. Kui ʻia kēia ʻano pālima i ko mākou ʻāina. Noho lākou i nā mauna, nā nahele, tundra a me nā ʻūhā. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua loaʻa i nā ala, nā kuʻi lāʻau, nā ʻapu a me nā lei o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO kahi lele "lele" kahi paʻakikī i nā manu e hahai i nā marigolds.
E ulu ʻana ʻo Marigold
Hoʻokumu nā kōpili, i ke ʻano he kānāwai, i nā mea kanu cereal. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻano marigold i ka hoʻoilo i ka anuhe, ʻaʻole i emi iki i ka wā o ka hua. Noho ka hikaola ma ka nui o nā mea kanu, akā, ʻo nā ʻōpua ʻo Galatea, nā māka nunui, mauʻu nunui, makemake ʻia nā vixens fescue, mauʻu palaoa a puaʻala.
Ma ke kānāwai, hoʻomohala kekahi hanauna i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho ʻo Pupae ma luna o ka lili a pili i lalo me ko lākou mau poʻo.
He mea maʻamau ko Marigolds ma ka honua.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau marigold maʻamau
Ma ke ala waena, nā lālā maʻamau o ka ʻohana i ka lau chernushka a i ʻole Ligeya, velvet a ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula. Kūpono kēia mau pōpilikia i Iulai-ʻAukake. ʻO ka pinepine loa, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā pua o Ivan-tea, ʻūle a me ka hiula, a ola nā uka ma kahi fescue.
ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau o nā marigold no ko mākou ʻāina ʻo ka maka bipi. Loaʻa kēia mau palepa i nā wahi a pau i ke kauwela.
He pale uliuli nā ʻēheu mua, he ʻula a hoʻokahi ʻulaʻula. I nā kāne, hoʻopuni ʻia kēia mau wahi i nā apo kala ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā mea loaʻa o kēia palupulu ke lōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ʻulaʻula me nā kaʻi ʻala poloka ma ko lākou mau kua. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā cereals.
Ma ka honua honua he nui nui o nā ʻano like o nā marigolds.
ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohana maʻamau o ka marigolds ʻo Ligea a i ʻole chernushka kofe. He mau ʻeleʻele ona ko ka polū, a hiki i 26 milimita ke kāʻei. Hāʻawi kēia mau laka i ka makemake i ka wehe ʻana i nā wahi: nā mākeke, nā ʻōpala, nā kihi lāʻau.
Mālama nā meaʻai i nā mea kanu, cereals, bluegrass.
Ma muli o ke kala kiko kikoʻī a me nā kiʻi ma nā ʻēheu, hoʻopunipuni ka ʻōpio i nā ʻenemi.
Aia kekahi ʻano maʻamau o ka marigold - Sennitsa. Noho kēia palupalu i nā māla wai a me nā ʻōpala maloʻo. Hāʻawi nā anuʻi o kēia mau lolo i nā mea kanu hygrophilous - bluegrass a sedge, akā kūleʻa kekahi poʻe ma ka fescue.
Biology
Ma Caucasus, ʻo ka lalo o nā wahi kai a me nā kīhāpai o ka nahele e noho ana i ka palena o ka ulu lāʻau mai 1600 a 2200 m.
I hoʻokahi hanauna. Nā makahiki mai ka hopena o V a i ka hapalua mua o VII. Hoʻohana nā kukupu i nā nectar o nā mea kanu meli. ʻO nā kuʻikahi kekahi e hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā ma waena o lākou iho i ka hakakā no ka ʻāina. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi manawa ma luna o nā pihi o ka mauʻu.
Mālama nā meaʻaiʻai ma ka fescue (Festuca), reedweed (Calamagrostis), bluegrass (Poa) a me ka hedgehog (Dactylis). ʻO nā ʻāpua a i ʻole nā pupae overwinter (Lvovsky, Morgun, 2007).
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, loaʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻole me ka diapause a hiki ke loaʻa nā pipi mua i ka hopena o Iulai.
Dauna ka ʻohana daurian-Mongolia
ʻO ka holoholona hānai Daurian-Mongoli, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wahi o ke anuu a me ke ala lāʻau-ala, hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ma ka Eastern Transbaikalia.
Akā ma ke awāwa ʻo Amur a i Northeast China, ua ʻalo ʻia ia a i ka hikina. I loko o Iokaleka Hikina, ua ʻike ʻia nā papu o ka ʻoihana Zya-Bureya a me Khankai.
ʻO nā holoholona o kēia mau ʻāina, ʻoiai ke kokoke i ka mea hoʻonohonoho, akā i ka manawa like, loaʻa pū nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia pākui. Hoʻohui ʻia, a me nā wahi holoholona o nā holoholona ma luna o lākou kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pā.
I ka laulā o ka pālahalaha nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Zeya-Bureya, i kahiʻu he mauʻu ka lōʻihi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā poʻe nīnū o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. ʻO nā kumulāʻau pua o nā pua o Mongakola, variegated hazel, woodpecker, Siberian apple tree, rose hip, spirea a me nā mea lāʻau ʻē aʻe kahi i hoʻopuehu ʻia i nā nahele liʻiliʻi i loko o kēia mau nahele.
Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻāina keʻokeʻo a me nā nāhelehele aspen. Aia kekahi wahi nahele ʻai ma ka pāpū, e hele nei i nā bogs sphagnum (Mari). ʻO nā lau pine a me nā hui steppe me nā mea kanu xerophilous like, e like me nā lau hulu, ka huluhulu, Siberian tansy, Scutellaria zabaikalsky, a me nā keleria, e hoʻomohala i nā puʻu maloʻo, ma luna o nā kiʻekiʻe, a me nā kuʻuna me ka lepo wai.
ʻO ka manuʻu o ka pā o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻo Zeya-Bureya kahi i hui pū ai i nā cohabitation o nā ʻano e ulu ana mai nā ʻano biocenoses, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka paepae a me ke ʻano.
No nā vertebrates, ua pili kēia mau ʻenemi: Amur gopher, hamster make, Daurian hamster, Ungur vole, East Siberian bustard, Daurian crane, red duck, Siberian steppe lio, bearded partridge.
I nā meaʻino o nā paʻu wāwae i ka Pōkeka ʻo Zeya-Bureya, aia nā māwae hele wāwae, ka jaundice aurora, ke ahi-maka, ke ahi kahe ʻana, ke kīwaha ʻehiku, kahi kīwī a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe.
Kahi ʻano like ʻole kēlā mau ʻano āpau me ka fauna o ka Hikina Haki-Transpealia, a pili lākou me ke awāwa ʻo Amur, kahi ʻano niche no nā mea xerophilous o nā fauna Mongolian-Daurian e moe ai ma ka hikina. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, kekahi o nā mea xerophilous - ke kākā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, ka butterfly pale marigold - ke pālahalaha nei ma Siberia Eastern a me ka Far East. No laila, hiki i ka pā ʻO Zeya-Bureya, he ʻona ʻōpio ke launa nei i kēia mau ʻano i ʻokoʻa ʻo Amur,
Ma ka nui o nā mea xerophilous, kahi nui o nā nui, kahi ʻano no ka ulu lāʻau, nā ʻōpala a me nā mars, e noho ana ma ka pāpū ʻo Zeya-Bureya. He mea paʻakikī lākou e hoʻohālikelike i kekahi ʻano kūpono, ʻoiai ua ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou me nā mea xerophilous.
Mawaena o nā ʻano lāʻau ma ka pāpū, ʻo ka Far Eastern roe deer, Amur badger, East Siberian forest vole, vole forest red, common cuckoo, Amur magpie, Ussuri bulletinch long-tailed, Amur zhulan, Amur greenfinch, woodcock a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka nahele ma ka pāpū, he maʻamau nā kīnaha - he spiraeus pita, kahi lau nahele nui o ka puʻu, kahi bluefin nifada a me kahi pua spiraea.
ʻO nā poʻe noho o nā ʻāpana he wahi o ka Ussuriysky lark, East Siberian ʻeleʻele ulaula, ʻoni a ka pie ʻoni, a me nā pepeke lepidopteran - jaundice kao, Amur pea ʻōpala, Marigold Menetrie a me ke poʻo māla.
ʻO nā ʻano holoholona i nā pits gambs, larch marshes a me nā tundra, Amur lemming, ptarmigan i loaʻa i nā ʻalā o nā Plain Zeya-Bureya, a me nā pōpō ʻulaʻula i ka peʻiki, nā peʻa sphagnum, nā ʻōpala nui, a he pohō a me ka ʻehā.
Ma ke kumu holoʻokoʻa, nā manu ola o ka pā o ka ʻoihana Zeya-Bureya kahi mea hōʻeuʻeu kahi mea lahilahi i kū mai ma muli o ka cohabitation o nā ʻano steppe a me nā mea photophilous i kū mai nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻāina.
Ma ka hikina, hele aku nā ʻano he nui o ke ala i ʻike ʻia ma ka papu ʻo Zeya-Bureya, e like me ka ʻumi ʻumiʻumi a me kahi ʻulaʻula. I nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma ke komohana, ʻo ka ʻAmū, ka nui o ka hoʻoukaʻana o nā Daurian-Mongā i luna ka nui.
No laila, mai Kumara a hiki i Jalinda, kekahi mau kapu (ke anuʻo stepbel, ʻoluʻu ʻai), ʻaʻole maʻamau i loaʻa i ka papaha, hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ma ka awāwa ʻo Amur.
Ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia nā xerophiles ʻē aʻe i ka hikina i ʻaneʻi: nā pelepeke - nā alahele steppe, ʻekolu mau pūlū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ma nā kīwaliwali pohō ma Shilka, ua hele aku nei kēlā mau ʻano ʻano Transbaikal e like me Kamenka-dancer a ʻo Siberian jaundice.
Ma ka hope loa, he ʻano hele wāwae maʻamau ʻo Kauaʻi-Daurian: ʻo ka fauna o ka marmot mongoli, Daurian ground squirrel, Daurian pika, zeren a me nā larks o Mongoli e hoʻomaka ma ka Onon.
ʻO ka manuʻina wana Transbaikal Trans-ʻano maʻamau, ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi kūlana e pili ana i ka ʻākau i ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kaua-Daurian me ke ʻano o nā mea lāʻau East Siberian, i noho ma ka ʻaoʻao wai ʻo Ingoda.
Hoʻokumu ka manuʻu o ka mākaukau ʻo Khankaiskaya i nā kūlana ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano lāʻau hema, ʻo ia kahi hui o nā kikowaena o nā ʻoihana: nā papahele steppe, nā mākaʻu ala, me nā ʻōpala he nui, nā pine-apricot a me nā nāhelehele oak-pine, ka mea maʻamau ke ʻano o ke kahua kai a me ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu xerophilous . ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka pine i kēia, e like me ka ulu lāʻau ʻo Zeya-Bureya, akā he hale kupapaʻu wale nō i hoʻolaha ma ka hema o Primorye a ma nā ʻaoʻao o Korea a me Northeast China.
Ma ke ala lāʻau ala ala o Khankai, ʻike mākou i nā holoholona he nui i maʻamau me ka pāpū ʻo Zeya-Bureya, e like me ka hamo ʻo Daurian, ka Sildian East Sardia, ka wāwae Siberia steppe, ʻekolu mau kaheʻe ʻana o nā mea ʻino Lepidoptera - lycaon hikina, ka aurora ʻula, nā māla me nā lehelehe ʻO ka ʻae ʻaina wōwae barbel, shpanki a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka manawa like, he nui o nā ʻano no ka nui o nā Mongol-Daurian ma ka pāpū ʻo Zeya-Bureya e hele nei ma ka nahelehele-ala Khankaiskaya: Amur gopher, Uyghur vole, ʻele ʻulaʻula, nā pōpoki marigold (akgeya) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Akā ma nā papa pālepa kokoke i Hanka kahi ʻano ʻano ʻano like Mongolia like me ka tirushka hikina, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻehae Radde a me nā polio Mongolia. Eia kekahi, aneane nā mea āpau o ka pit, a i ʻole mars, i kahe ma ka pāpū ʻo Khankai.
Noho mau loa ia e ʻike kokoke ana iā Khanka kahi kahaha kūikawā o ka ʻūlike Siberia, pūlea i ka nahele-tundra a i nā kaʻe o nā taiga o ka ʻākau Siberia. Nui nā ʻano lāʻau me nā nahele o ka nahele ma Khankai e like me nā ʻōpala Amur.
Ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pōkole o Khankai o ka nahele-steppe a me nā manu o ka pā ʻo Zeya-Bureya, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana o ka xerophiles i ka hui kūikawā mua, ka mea e pili pū ana me nā kikowaena o nā kahawai papa pōhaku a me nā kaʻi ʻaoʻao hema i uhi ʻia i ka lāʻau paina a me nā lau apricot.
Ma o kā lākou wehewehe ʻana, noho kēia mau mea i ka ʻāina i loko o Northern China a me South Dongbei me nā wahi e pili ana iā Korea a me Southwest Primorye. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona punahele: goral, ʻulepā pōhaku kōkālika ʻākia ʻAmelika, nā pōpoki - Argunnis zenobia penelope Stg., A. nerippe coreana Btl., Pamphylla dieckmanni Graes, barbel juniper a ʻulāʻau mauʻu.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, pono e pili pū kekahi ʻōpala o nā iwi o ka uka ʻo Sino-Tibetan i hoʻokuʻi ʻia no ka noho ʻana i nā wahi o nā pōhaku i uhi ʻia me ka ulu lāʻau ʻole. ʻO ka hohola ʻana mai Eastern Tibet a i Southern Primorye, ʻo kēia fauna, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā koho he nui. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui loa o lākou he pūʻulu heliophiles o ka ʻaoʻao i luna.
ʻOiai ʻo kekahi o kēia mau kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻaoʻao hikina o Primorye, ʻoiai i kēia ke hoʻomau mau nei lākou i mau hoa aloha o ka biocenosis o ka pākaukau i ka pōhaku.
Puʻuwai aloha
I ke kauwela, he mea maʻalahi wale ʻole ke hālāwai ʻole i kahi me kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi, e like me ka mea i hana ʻia mai nā ʻūsū pōpoki me nā maka liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā ʻēheu. Hoʻohui ka mau maka liʻiliʻi i kahi hoihoi a me ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā lehelehe a me nā kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā maka makaʻeleʻele ma luna o nā ʻēheu o kēia pōpō, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kala ʻulaʻula, e nānā nui ʻia.
No kēia ʻohana nā hua ʻāpana o ka marigolds, a i ole satyrid. Ui ʻia iā ia he 2,400 mau ʻano manu ākea a puni ka honua.
ʻO Satyrs ʻole me nā huʻu
Ua loaʻa ʻo Satyrids i ko lākou inoa i ka hanohano o satyrs - nā ʻuhane kino mai nā ʻuhane Helene kahiko.
Me nā lemphs, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau daina ulu i ke ʻano o ke akua ʻo Dionysos a kaniʻi ma hope ona ma waena o nā ululāʻau me nā mea ahi a me nā kīʻaha me ka waina, ka hīmeni, ka leʻaleʻa a me nā mele hīmeni.
Ua hoʻohana nā kānaka i kekahi mau inoa inoa no kēia ʻano ʻano: nā hua ʻai, nā ʻōpala, nā maka meʻa. E hoʻouna lākou iā mākou i nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻōpala o nā heʻe, kahi e ʻike pinepine ai nā marigolds.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻo Satyrid me kona mau ʻao ākea e hoʻopuni ʻulaʻula ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula paha a me ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā kiʻi ocular ma ke kaʻe. ʻO kēia mau maka me kahi aniani keʻokeʻo i waenakonu, me he mea lā me kahi haumana paʻa, he ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka marigolds. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona kahi ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana, me he mea lā e kū ana ka mau uaua i ka ʻaoʻao o mua.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo satyrid he subfamily o nāmphalids. Puka like kēia mau ʻōlala. E like me nā nymphalids, nā wāwae mua o ka marigold, i uhi ʻia me ka palaʻi o ka lauoho mānoanoa, ʻaʻole ʻia a i ʻole ke hele ʻana ke hele ʻana. Akā ʻokoʻa ka lele mai ka satyrid, ʻike ʻia. Holo mālie lākou i lalo o ka ʻāina, me he mea lā e pohō ana mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i ʻaoʻao.
ʻO kēlā mau "lele" lele, i hui pū ʻia me kahi kala pale ʻoluʻolu e hoʻopakele iā lākou mai nā manu, manu a me nā mea hana hoʻohele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka maka o nā kihi o ka ʻēheu e hoʻowalewale i ka nānā ʻana o ka mea nāna e hoʻopā, a inā e hoʻāʻo lākou e hopu i ka pōpū, e kōkua lākou e hoʻopakele i nā mea ola nui.
ʻAe, me nā ʻēheu e lūlū ana e noho ana ma kahi ʻōpala lāʻau a i ʻole ma ka papahele, ua aneane ʻike ʻole ka marigele.
Ehia mau inoa na kraeglazkir ai?
ʻO ka maka ma nā ʻēheu o nā palupalu mai loko mai o ka piha o ka maka o ka maka i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho mānoanoa, nā tibia o nā ʻū waena waena e like me ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae, he mānoanoa ka antennae, a huehue kekahi ʻāpana. ʻElua mau ʻano ʻano like i kapa ʻia ʻo ia: Lasiommata taega a me Lasiommata achine.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo nui aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kuleana o kēia mau mea, ʻoiai ke "kaumaha" i ka Latin achine. Akā, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā ʻōnaehana ʻōiwi i nā manawa he nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻepekema i nā manawa like ʻole i nā ʻano like like ʻole ma lalo o nā inoa like ʻole.
ʻO ka hopena, he nui nā hua ʻōlelo he nui nā inoa ʻelua, ʻo Lūkia a me Latin. ʻO keʻano kūikawā, ua kapa ʻia ka eyecup i kapa ʻia he nui ke kaʻe, ʻāʻī, ʻoi aku paha ka maka, ʻoi aku paha i ka Mip.
The species epithet taega is also associate with ancient Greek mythology: ʻO Meureure kekahi o Nereids, he hoa aloha o Artemis.
Mea hoʻohiwahiwa a ʻano like ʻole paha?
Noho ka kellazka kaumaha ma ʻApelika ʻAropa, ʻEulopa, ʻIkia East and Central Asia, a ma Altai, i nā mauna Sayan, ma nā kuahiwi o Kazakhstan a me Mongolia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā nā nahele lāʻau, kokoke i nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Piʻi ʻia i ka mauna i lalo o kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m, kahi e noho ai ia i nā wahi i nā ʻōpala a me nā ala ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lāʻau e ulu ana ma nā kapa, a me nā awāwa wai.
ʻO ke kīkīkēkē pōkā he wahi wai pōpō kukui me nā wahi ocular ma luna o nā ʻēheu i kahi ʻōpū poʻokela. ʻAʻole like ʻole nā wahine o nā kāne, akā ʻoi aku lākou i kahi nui loa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou ʻōlepena ahelena.
He ʻano ʻē loa kēia ʻano. Hiki i nā ʻēheu o nā maka liʻiliʻi ke ʻokoʻa i ka wā pono a me ka latitude o ka hoʻoili. Aia kekahi mau kikoʻī wale.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia i ka poʻe mai ke kikowaena waena i hoʻomohala i ka manawa wela a maloʻo ka hiʻohiʻona o ka piʻi ʻana o nā pū ka liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā ʻēheu, e like me ka nui o ka pū me nā Crimean a me Caucasian subspecies. No laila, hoʻomaka paha e pili ana i ka loli like ʻole o ke kanaka.
Nā poʻe punahele
Hāʻawi pinepine kekahi maka maka i ʻelua mau makahiki i ke makahiki, akā ʻekolu, a ma ke kuahiwi kekahi. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hale kanu. He mālamalama keʻokeʻo lākou, me kahi kaula ʻeleʻele ma hope o ke kua a me ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao ma ka hopena. I ka pūnāwai, e puka mai ana mai ka hoʻoilo, ua wikiwiki koke ka pūkā palā ma luna o ka ʻāina a i ʻole ke kau ana i nā lau.
Kau ka ʻili o ka pupae i kahi o ka pili a me ke ʻano o ke kukū i mua: i nā wahine ʻeleʻele lākou, a i nā kāne ʻōpio-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Aia ma Mei hiki ke ʻike i nā palupalu mua e ʻai ana i nā pua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Marigold kāne i kahi mea huna huki e huki i nā wahine, i hoʻoili ʻia e nā kelepona kūikawā.
Komo ia i ka lewa mai ka lehelehe o nā mea kūikawā kūikawā, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo androconium, ka mea e kū ai nā māla hina hina i ʻike ʻia i ka maka ma waena o nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā Males e hōʻike i ke ʻano he palena.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua 2-3 ma nā lau o ka fescue, bluegrass, reedweed, a me kekahi mau ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻōpala. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, puka mai nā ʻōpū lau lua. ʻAe ke wā e hānai ai, a laila iho i lalo i ka honua, kahi a lākou i ka hoʻoilo.
Ka wehewehe haehae
Kākau: pepeke. Kauoha: Lepidoptera. Kāā ʻohana: satyrs, satyrides, aiʻole marigolds. Genus: Kragglazka. Hōʻike: kaumaha kragglazka.
Latin inoa: Lasiommata maera.
Laki: wingpan - 45-55 mm. Ke kala nei: brown brown me nā maka ʻilike i loko o kahi palani kala.
Hope ola: pili i hoʻokahi makahiki.
State Nānāʻike "Nurgush"
ʻO ka wahi poʻi A.N. i kapa ʻia nā ʻōpala lele "lele lele" no ka lole hoʻohuihue. Maikov (e hoʻomanaʻo i kāna ʻano kīnani: "kahi pua pua"?).
Ma kahi o 150 mau ʻano ʻuʻulu o ka palu i ʻike ʻia i ka Pae o Nurgush, nona ka 55 mau mea a ka ʻohana i ka lā ʻĀina Mace, ma waena o nā ʻohana Lyubyanka, Belyanka, Mnogotsvetitsa, Marigold, Sailboats. ʻO nā kala āpana o ke anuenue i kō maila i ko lākou mau eheu.
ʻO nā mea nani loa nā ʻfllelo o ka ʻohana Sailing, a i ʻole Cavaliers. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou nā ʻano heʻilihune i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book. I nā lāʻau maloʻo i Iulai, ʻo ʻApollo, i kapa ʻia ma muli o ke akua o ka nani, kau e like me ka holo keʻokeʻo.
Loaʻa mau ka Podarilia hanohano ma Iune ma ke kihi o nā ululāʻau. Ma nā kapa o ka muliwai, Prost i Iune ua lulu koke ka pua mai ka pua i ka pua o Mnemosyne, inoa ʻia ma ka inoa o ke akua hoʻomanaʻo.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Machaon ikaika a paʻa i nā wahi a pau.
ʻO nā mea ʻalaʻama ʻapo loa a me nā kupu ʻōpala lahilahi ma ka papa ʻāina mai nā ʻohana Multiflorum a i ʻole Nymphalidae. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua i kū ʻia i ka pūnāwai kahi i ʻike ʻia o ka urticaria, ʻike ala ʻia mai ka hiamoe. Ma hope o kāna hānai ʻana, lele maila nā ʻēheu mau ʻae a me nā ʻēheu lahilahi.
Ke kauwela kauwela, pana lākou me ka polū-violet radiance o ka papale e hoʻoneʻe i nā lehe o ka makuahine o ka momi.
Ke hoʻi mai nei nā Thistles mai ka hoʻoilo o ʻApelika Komohana i ke kauwela kauwela, wikiwiki lākou i ka hāʻawi i kahi hanauna hou, e lele hou ana i nā ʻāina mahana i ka hāʻule. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Admirals i nā neʻe mai nā wahi hema i ko mākou ulu lāʻau.
ʻO nā kukupa e like me ka nānā ʻana o ka lā, ka multicolor ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, ka popula poplar, a me ke kanikau he maʻamau nō hoʻi ia i ke kahe.
ʻAʻole like ʻole ʻo Belyanki, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka lemongrass, kahi e hoʻonani nei i nā ʻano kūlohelohe mai Mei a hiki Kepakemapa. Aia ʻo Hawthorn me kāna mau ʻāpana aniani i ka hele lūlū i nā wahi a pau i ke kauwela. ʻO Raspnitsa, bryukvennitsy, pea keiki hipa, ka manawa, ka lahele - he mau kānaka maʻamau lākou a pau o ka ʻano me nā wahie.
ʻO Marigolds, nā mea noho maʻamau o ka nahele, he ʻona kala, he mau ʻāpana kā lākou mau kāne me ka ʻala o ka solo. Ma waena o nā marigolds, ʻike ʻia ka like ʻole me ka maka bipi, lycaon, pua peephole, velvet, marsh chernushka, pihi strawberry a me ʻulaʻula-ʻula.
Ua kahaha ʻo Lycaenidae i waena o lākou he mau kumulāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me nā daisies ʻalani, a me Icarus uliuli a me nā mele Argus. ʻO kā lākou mea ulaula i nā aphids. Pono nā ʻūmū i nā mea huna maikaʻi o kēia mau anuʻu a lawe pinepine iā lākou i ke anthill no ka hoʻoilo.
Pono kahi ʻāina kahi nā pōloli ʻole, ʻole me lākou ʻole nā ʻano pua like ʻole. No ka huki ʻana i nā palupalu, ua hoʻopiha nā pua i ko lākou kala, ʻano a me nā mea ʻono no nā miliona mau makahiki.
Mālama wale nō i nā mea kūlohelohe, kahi e pau ai nā hopena i ke ʻano, hiki i nā "pua lele" ke mālama.
ʻO ka pilikino ka hana a me nā hana o nā panikeke i ka ʻohana Marigold (Satyridae) o nā kai kaiāulu o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Gomel
ʻO nā kukupa kekahi o nā kauoha nui loa o nā pepeke. He nui nā pollinators o nā mea kanu pua. Kahi ʻano ʻano pōpō ka mea kanu, nā mea mehe e mālama ai i nā lau a me nā pono, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nui o ka wā o ka hōʻuluʻulu i nā ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka hana o nā pehu i loko o nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ka mea, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea kūʻai mua i ka papa, he mea hoʻohui nā poʻe i nā kaulahao meaʻai.
ʻO nā ʻano mea i loaʻa i ka uka i ka siliki ka mea pono i ke kanaka. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano anu i ka kōmona a me nā pipi hoʻi i nā meaʻai momona.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu o kekahi mau ʻano i loko o ka mana weed.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hana, ʻo ia nō ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻano ʻano ʻano like a me nā hana o ka wā i nā butterflies o ka ʻohana Marigolds o nā kai meadel o ka ʻāina Gomel.
Ua pili ka ʻike nui o ka hana i ka ʻike i loaʻa i ka ʻikepili o nā ʻano ʻano a me nā ʻano hana o ka ʻohana Lepidoptera o ka marigold hiki ke hoʻohana i ka nānā ʻana i ka hopena o ka hopena anthropogen i ka ʻepekema, i.e.
no ka bioindication o ke aupuni o ka nahele. Mai kēia manawa ke kū nei ka helu o nā ʻelele o ke kauoha Lepidoptera, e kōkua kēia noiʻi e huki i ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka urbocenoses kūʻokoʻa o nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻO ka mea noiʻi o ka ʻohana Lepidoptera o (Satyridae) o nā wahi uka o Gomel.
Ua hoʻokele ʻia nā haʻawina kula mai Mei a ʻAukake 2016 ma nā wahi maloʻo o ke kūlanakauhale o Gomel.
Station 1 - kahi ʻākau o ka wahi ākea ma ka wahi o ka lua hamama No. 17 he mea hōʻoluʻolu ia, akā i kekahi manawa ke haunaele ʻia e nā kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano o ke ʻano ola o ke ʻano lāʻau maloʻo e ka mana o ka cereals, legumes, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Station 4 - ua paʻa ʻia ka mauna "Pokalyubichi" e maloʻo ai a hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia me nā kumu māmā.
Aia nā ʻano noho i kēlā me kēia ʻanoʻano i kapa ʻia kahi papala, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi ʻano meʻo ke ʻano, kahi aliʻi ʻala a me ka pīpī.
Mai nā mea kanu, hoʻopili ʻia ka resin kō me lākou, palupalu ka culbab, kahi huluhulu lauoho, i kekahi manawa he uhi uhi mau, ʻo ka cinquefoil he silvery.
Kaʻina ʻikepili ʻōnaehana. Ua kipa ʻia nā biotopes i noi ʻia e mākou he 4 mau manawa i ka mahina e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lele a me ka nui o nā ʻano pupu manu i loaʻa e ko mākou ʻohana. Hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano i loko o nā mahina like ʻole o ke kauwela, no laila, ua kipa ʻia nā biotopes i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā 4 mau manawa i hoʻokahi mahina.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēlā me kēia huakaʻi i ka biotope i loaʻa i ʻekolu ala e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i nā ʻano ʻano like o nā pupu o kēia ʻohana i hoʻokahi mahina.
ʻO ke ala nui no ka helu ʻana i ka helu o nā pōpoki o ka lā kahi o ke ala, ka ʻike kālā ʻike a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā koina no ka ʻohi. Ua waiho ʻia kahi ala (ma kahi o 1 km) ma nā biotopes i koho ʻia, kahi i noʻonoʻo ʻia ai nā hālāwai kulu me nā lā pōkole.
Pahu ʻia nā hua manu e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā papa hoʻoholo, a laila ua ʻāʻulu nā pōpihi ma o ka ʻohi ʻana.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o nā kaiāulu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi helu o ka ʻōiwi like ʻole: ka Shannon, Simpson index, Piel uniformity.
Hana ʻia ka kaʻina hana ʻana i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka papahana EXEL ma kahi kamepiula pilikino.
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mākaʻi o ka hui Marigold i loko o ka haukapila 1 ma 5 mau ʻano. Hāʻawi ʻia ka waihona kālā me nā mākeke o nā ʻohana Satyridae i ka Papa Helu 1.
Nā huahelu a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻohana Lepidoptera Satyridae i ka haukapila 3
Ka nānā ʻana | Ka manawa aʻo | ||||
Mei | Iune | Iulai | ʻAukake | Pau loa | |
Melanargia galathea | 2 | 6 | 6 | 14 | |
Maniola jurtina ♂ | 1 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 20 |
Maniola jurtina ♀ | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 17 |
Aphantopus hyperanthus | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
Lopinga hoʻokō | 3 | 6 | 9 | ||
Lasiommata megera ♀ | 5 | 6 | 2 | 9 | 22 |
Lasiommata megera ♂ | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 17 |
Pau loa | 14 | 24 | 29 | 44 | 111 |
Ma muli o ka ʻikepili o ka Papa Helu 1, hiki iā mākou ke paʻa e pili ana i ka nui o nā ʻano nui ma kēia biotope: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina ♂, Maniola jurtina ♀. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o kahi kūpono meaʻai kūpono no kēia mau ʻano: fescue, bluegrass.
Hoʻopili pū kekahi me ke kuana o nā pupu o nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻano a me kā lākou hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka hale i hāʻawi ʻia mai [2, 3]. Loaʻa ka Red Book species Lopinga hoʻokō ma kēia biotope.
Lā kiʻekiʻe ke alapine o nā hālāwai, e hōʻike ana i kēia ʻano he lālā paʻa o kēia kaiāulu.
ʻO ka holo ʻana o Lepidoptera i loko o kēia haukapila i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, akā ʻo ka hua pōpilikia loa i hoʻoikaika ʻia a hiki wale i ʻAukake. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o ka ukana nui anthropogen ma luna o kēia hōkele i Iune a me Iulai, ma ke ʻano he wahi ʻoliʻoli kokoke i ka nahele.
Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale a me nā ʻano ʻano like o ka lehulehu ʻo Satyridae i ka haukapila 2 Ma ka Papa 2. E like me ka papa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano nui ma kēia ʻano ʻo Aphantopus hyperanthus, Hipparchia autonoe, Hyponephele Lycaon. He 77 poʻe o kēia mau ʻano.
Loaʻa ke ʻano nui o nā ʻano Hyponephele Lycaon me kona wahi: ʻoi aku kēia ʻano ʻoihana ma ke ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻano lāʻau maloʻo [4, 5]. ʻO kekahi helu nui o nā ʻōiwi ʻo Aphantopus hyperanthus i hoʻopili ʻia me kahi wahi kūpono kūpono: ka ʻūhū ʻana o ka pate a me ka hamo i loko o kēia biotope.
Nui ka nui o nā ʻano lepidopteran ʻo Hipparchia autonoe ma muli o ka noho ʻana i nā hale noho a i ʻole biotopes me ka ukana anthropogenic liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka hale haukapila 2.
Nā huaʻewa a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻohana Lepidoptera Satyridae i ka haukapila 2
Ka nānā ʻana | Ka manawa aʻo | ||||
Mei | Iune | Iulai | ʻAukake | Pau loa | |
Melanargia galathea | 2 | 5 | 9 | 16 | |
Maniolajurtina ♂ | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 19 |
Maniolajurtina ♀ | 3 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 19 |
Melanargia russiae | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
Aphantopus hyperanthus | 3 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 25 |
Hipparchia autonoe | 2 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 28 |
Coenonymphapamphilus | 2 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 17 |
Coenonymphaamuntas | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | |
HyponepheleLycaon ♂ | 2 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 24 |
Pau loa | 15 | 36 | 55 | 63 | 169 |
Ua hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana o nā pōpoki i loko o kēia biotope i ka mahina o Mei, ua loaʻa ka lepidoptera o kēia ʻohana i kā lākou hana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka lā Iulai-ʻAukake (118 mau mea i pili i 9 mau mea i loaʻa), ka mea i hui pū ʻia me ka waihona meaʻai maikaʻi i kēia mau mahina, nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka wā a me ka wā hānau o ka lepidoptera o ka ʻohana velvet . ^ E Ha yM.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka Station 2 kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea nunui he nui i ka māka 1. Ma ka Station 2, 9 ka nui o nā marigold i loaʻa, a ma ka Station 1 he 7 wale nō o nā ʻohana Lepidoptera (Satyridae). Eia nō hoʻi, ma ka hale haukapila 2, 34.3% keu nui nā mea i hui ʻia ma mua o ka haukapila 1.
ʻO kēlā mau ʻokoʻa i ka helu o Lepidoptera, no ka mea nō paha ke halihali 1 ka lawe ʻana i ka nui anthropogen ma muli o ka wahi iʻike ʻia ai ma kahi kokoke.
Ma ka hale haukapila 4, loaʻa nā ʻano: Melanargia russiae, Hipparchia autonoe, Coenonympha pamphilus, Hyponephele Lycaon ♂, i loaʻa ʻole ʻia i ka haukapila 1.
ʻO kēia paha ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o kēia mau ʻano ke noho i nā kūlana me kahi ukana anthropogen kiʻekiʻe, i nānā ʻia ma ka hale haukapila 1, me ka ʻai pūlē o kēia mau ʻano. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka hale haukapila 2, ʻo ia ka nui o nā mea Coenonympha amuntas (4.7%) i hālāwai me ia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma loko o kahi biotope ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mea, i hui pū ʻia me ka mea maikaʻi e hāʻawi ʻia i loko o kēia meʻa. I loko o ka haukapila 1, ua loaʻa nā ʻano ʻehā: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Lopinga hoʻokō, ʻaʻole i hele i ka haukapila 4. ʻO kēia paha nō ka loea o nā meaʻai a me ka ola maikaʻi ma lalo o ke hoʻonui ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi antthopogen.
ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻohana Lepidoptera o ka ʻohana Satyridae ma nā ʻano ʻano ʻ Meadows ma Gomel:
1) ka mea nui o ke kaiāulu i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea like i loko o ka haukapila 2, no ka mea, he 0.942 (2.1) ka helu ʻae a Shannon, a me kona ʻano maʻamau mai 1.5 a 3,5, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākaʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO kēia paha ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o ka biotope a mākou e aʻo nei i kahi waihona forage maikaʻi, ma muli o ka hoʻokumuʻana i ka meltwater i ka pūnāwai.
2) ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano he nui i loko o ka haukapila 3, no ka mea, ʻo 0. ka kiko (index) ʻo Simpson ka laʻana he 0.2 (2.2), a me ke ʻano o ka huaʻina o Simpson ma waena o 0 a hiki i ka 1, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka māka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano he nui i ka biotope.
3) Hōʻike ʻo Piel ahiahi iā mākou ʻo nā kaiāulu i aʻo ʻia e mākou (Satyridae) i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā hale maʻi a pau, no ka mea ke kaohie o ka ʻōpū ma nā haukapila 1 a me 2 he 0.427 a me 0429 (2,3), kēlā me kēia, a me kāna kūlana mai 0 ka 1 a me ka, ka kokoke i ka hui, ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu, a i ʻole i ke kahua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana.
Ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻohana Lepidoptera o ka marigold i nā ʻōnaehana o ka ʻāina ʻo Gomel, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻano noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano laulā, ua hoʻohua ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hana o nā panina o kēia ʻohana.
Ua hālāwai mākou me 280 mau mea nona nā kolo he 13, kahi i helu aku ai nā 2 mau ʻano ma ka Red Book of the Republic of Belarus: Erebia aethiops a me Lopinga hoʻokō, aia ia i ka māhele palekana II a III. Ma ka hale haukapila 1, he nui nā iwi no ka 7 mau mea i loaʻa, a me nā mea nui loa: Lasiommata megera ♀, Lasiommata megera ♂, Maniola jurtina ♂, Maniola jurtina ♀ (76).
I loko o ka haukapila 2, ua hālāwai mākou me 169 kanaka, nona nā 9 ʻano. I waena o lākou ua lanakila: Aphantopus hyperanthus, Hipparchia autonoe, Hyponephele Lycaon (77 kanaka).
I loko o kahi mākaʻikaʻi o nā malama i nā haukapila i aʻo ʻia mai Mei a ʻAukake, ʻike mākou i ka lele ʻana o nā kīmaha o ka ʻohana (Satyridae) i loko o nā hale haʻawina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma loko o Iulai - ʻAukake. Aia i loko o kēia mau mahina ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ʻohana Lepidoptera (Satyridae).
He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo ai: aia hoʻi i loko o nā palena o nā kaiāulu, ua kū mai nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe e pono ai pale e pale aku, no ka mea he hana nui lākou i ka wai kūloko o ka Republic.
- ʻKolelo iā Yu.A. Nā kānāwai a me nā ʻano kumu o ka ʻike kūloko i nā ʻike faunal. - Moscow: Nauka, 1982. - 282 p.
- Anfinogenova V.G. Kauka Lepidoptera Lepidoptera // Invertebrates o ka Pripyatsky National Park. - Minsk, 1997 .-- S. 129-141.
- Hodko E.I. Nā Inoi o kā mākou ulu lāʻau. - Minsk: ʻ Sciencelelo Belarusian, 2008. - 38 p.
- Gornostaev G.N. Kuhi i nā kauoha a me nā ʻohana pepeke o ka hui waena o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka USSR. - Moscow: Ke Kulanui o Moscow State, 1986. - 118 p.
- Kaabak L.V. Nā ʻolua o ko ke ao nei. - Moscow: Avanta, 2003 .-- 458 p.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai(hana maʻalahi): species, hospital, biotope, species form, upland meadow, family, individual, gomel, lepidopteran family of marigold, Gomel district.
Nā wao nahele - Nā ʻatikala ma ka paila a me ka lāʻau
Kāhea-Fanera> ʻikepili> Loaʻa ʻikepili hoʻohana> nā Kukupu Ala
Hoʻokahi wale nō mau pipi pōpilikia manuahi i kou manaʻo. Akā ʻaʻole e poina iā mākou ma hope o ka nani o kēia mau palupalu i ka mea hoʻopilikia o kā lākou nāhele - nā ʻōpio, i hoʻonani ʻia i kekahi manawa me nā "alala" - nā pā kaua, nā pale, nā lauoho lehulehu, ʻano,
Hoʻololi ʻo TRAURNITURE i ka maka me kona mau ʻaʻihi koʻikoʻi. Ma mua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kapa kanikau. Hoʻokumu ka lolo i nā hanauna ʻelua.
Loaʻa iā kēlā me kēia ma ka palena o kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, ma nā ʻaoʻao o waho o nā eheu. ʻO ka pōpō lua pālua me kahi mokuna melemele i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi. Aia ka ʻōpū o ka hanauna mua i kahi palena keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka lāʻau kanikau i nā lau o ka birch, poplar, willow, aspen a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua kaulana ʻo SUMMER LANDWATER no kona kaila ʻalani a me ka iridescent e ʻike ʻia ai nā ʻuʻu. ʻO nā inoa ʻano inoa o nā pōpō i unuhi ʻia mai ka Latin mai i loko o Lūkia ke ʻano o "Trojan", i.e. he kamaaina o ke kulanakauhale Helene kahiko o Troy. Hoʻomaka ka mokulele Butterfly i Iulai, hoʻopau ʻia ma ʻAukake. Pākuʻi nui kāna hua i nā lau aspen.
A lele ʻo TOPOLEVY TAPE FLAPTER i ka mahina o Iune-Iulai i ka nahele ulu deciduous. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka pua liʻiliʻi no ka wahi o nā ʻula keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā ʻēheu o ka lipine.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ʻo Ribona i nā wahi pāpū o ka nahele, ma kēlā kapa o nā kahawai lāʻau kokoke, kokoke i nā ua, a me ka kahe o ka wai mai ka ʻala lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i nā kihi o nā ululāʻau a me nā alanui.
ʻO kāna mau meaʻai punahele he mau lau o nā aspen a me nā ʻano poplar ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke loaʻa i ZORKA ma waena o nā ʻano nahele i ka nahele ma Mei-Iune. He ʻokoʻa ka wahine i ko ke kāne, ka mea e waiho ʻia ai kona kiʻi ma kēia ʻaoʻao.
ʻAʻohe ona wahi melemele kukui nui loa i ka hapalua o nā ʻēheu mua, ke keʻokeʻo, a he kahi keleawe o ka hope. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā ʻēheu o nā ʻāpana ʻelua he ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻaka ʻakaʻula a me nā wahi keʻokeʻo.
I loko o nā puke mele entomological Lūkia kahiko, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano pōpilikia ʻo Aurora, ka inoa o ke akua kiʻiʻuhane o ke kakahiaka kakahiaka.
HORSE debuts i ka pūnāwai, ka mea e like me kekahi o nā pōpoki mua. Kūkulu ʻia ma ka hema i mau hanauna ʻelua. ʻOiai ka palupulu i kapa ʻia ʻo urticaria, ʻo nā ʻōpio me nā polopona āpau i lele aku ʻole i nā lāʻau ʻole, akā he popows willows. I ka manawa like, laʻe lākou i nā lālā me nā kaula silky.
KAOHANA ʻO NIOBE, lele ma Iune-ʻAukake, me kāna kumu hoʻohālike ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā ʻēheu e like me ka caturboard miniatur. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona mau ʻēheu kona mau ʻeleʻele melemele a i ʻole nā kukui ʻulaʻula me kahi pou kala ʻole a ʻole i ʻole a inoa ʻo ia i kapa ʻia i ka inoa ʻo ke aliʻi Thebes - Amphion. Ua ʻimi ʻo kāna ʻōpala e like me ka violet lāʻau.
E ʻike ʻia ka inoa kaʻaʻāina ma luna o ka ululāʻau o ka nahele. Hoʻonohonoho ka ʻila i nā ʻēheu i kona inoa. Lele nā kukupu mai Iulai a hiki i ka hoʻoilo, a ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi i waiho ʻia a i ʻole kahi noho o kahi kanaka, hele hou lākou i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā ʻano ʻano elm, poplar, willow a me nā kumulāʻau hua.
ʻO nā maka-maka ma nā ʻēheu haʻahaʻa ʻelua mau maka maka ʻelua. Kēia inoa maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia e like me nā makana i kapa ʻia e Carl Linnaeus. Kukūmele kōpei Mei-Iune. He proboscis lōʻihi, a ma ke ahiahi ke ʻili nei ka nectar mai nā pua ma luna o ka lele wikiwiki, me ka noho ʻole ma luna o lākou. Brazhniki - nā mea lele maikaʻi loa i waena o nā pupu. ʻO nā mea hoʻonā i hōʻino ʻia nā pōpoki papau a me nā kumulāʻau hua.
He mau ʻēheu mau lā ʻo KAYA BEAR, nāna i hiki iā Karl Linnaeus ke kāhea aku iā ia i ke ahi wela. E like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻāpana o ke ahi, pēlā ke ʻano o ka eheu o nā ʻēheu o ka manamana. Piu ka hau manaʻo i Iulai-ʻAukake.
Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka YELLOW i kā mākou kiʻi e kahi kāne nani. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema Latin no ka palu e hele mai ai ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "Kolias" - kekahi o nā inoa o ka ʻ goddesslelo akua ʻo Aphrodite, a me ka inoa ʻano inoa no Palaeno - kekahi o nā inoa o ka nymph, he mea noho o nā wahi ʻoka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua ʻai ka ʻōpala i nā pōpōpala e ulu ana i nā pops pit, i waena o nā wao konifous. Kāhea ʻia ia he jaundice peat.
ʻO TAPE RED no kona nani ʻo ka inoa Latina "wahine mare". Ma mua, he inoa ʻē aʻe - he sash ʻulaʻula. Lele mai kekahi pōpō i ka pō a i ka lā o Iulai i Kepakemapa, a ma ke ao e noho pono ʻole ʻia ma ka hehi lāʻau. Ke huʻi ʻana, wehe ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu a hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi me kahi kaona ʻulaʻula nui i nā ʻēheu hind. Hoʻokūwī paha nā kukule i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā poplars aspen a me kahi willow.
Loaʻa ʻo BLUE TAPE ma ka ulu lāʻau mai Iulai a Kepakemapa. Akā e ʻike ʻole iā ia ʻaʻole maʻalahi. No ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā ʻēheu e like me ka lele ʻana ma luna o kahi lāʻau lāʻau, ua aneane ʻaʻole ia e kū'ē i ke kua o ka lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumalāʻau maple, maplar, willow, elm, ash a me nā lāʻau hoʻopunipuni ʻē aʻe.
Pestruska kaheheʻe mau ʻia me Pestruska me kahi hoʻolālā nāna e hoʻolālā i ka lele ma nā kipa lāʻau i Mei-Iune. Ma ka hema e kū ana kona hanauna lua i ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne mai ka wahine. Hoʻokeʻe ʻia ka nahesa keʻokeʻo ma luna o kona mau ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻūpī he like like ia me ka pestad meadowsweet. Loaʻa nā kōmika i ka pae a me ka nomad spring, e ulu ana i nā ulu lāʻau a ma waena o nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Nā ʻōkulu ʻo PAMLAMUTRA i waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā lau. Aia ka kupu ʻulaʻula nani a me ka inoa inoa Latin "nymph". Ua hoʻohana mākou e kāhea i ka pōkā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAi ʻia kāna mau kamela i nā ʻano ʻano ʻalani o nā nahele.
KAHIKEHE LARGE FOREST PERAMUTRATION ka huluhulu mau ʻuʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma lalo me nā palahala. Ua hoʻohana mākou i kapa ʻo ia ma ke ʻano aliʻi. I ka hema, i ka wā e ulu ana, e lele ʻelua nā pōmole - i Iune-Iulai a me Kepakemapa -ʻOkakopa. ʻ damagelelo i ka ʻōpū o nā ʻalā manuʻa i hōʻino ʻia i ka ululāʻau he nui, nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻohana Rosaceae a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.