Mālama nā kohola i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i nā kohola pepehi kanaka. Wahi a ka portal Vesti.Ru, ua hiki mai i nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ʻAmelika i kēia hopena, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka noi pili ʻana ma ka puke nūpepa Marine Mammal Science.

Ma mua, ua ʻike nā mea loea i ka pepehi kanaka make i ke kohola hina a me kāna cub. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka make ʻana, ua make ka pēpē, akā, ʻo nā kohola 14 humpback, nāna i hoʻonohonoho i kahi kiaʻi 6-hola a puni ka nui o ke kino o ka mea i make, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i ka ʻai na nā poʻe make.

Ma ka laulā, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopaʻa nā kānaka ʻepekema i hoʻokahi haneli o kēlā mau hihia. No ke aha e kū ai nā koholā humpback e pale aku i nā holoholona mai nā pepehi kanaka make.

Wahi a hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo nā whale humpback kōkua i kā lākou ʻano ola i ke kū ʻana o ka wā kamaliʻi - ua ʻike ʻia e pepehi pinepine ʻia nā koholā i nā pipi. Wahi a kekahi, ʻo nā mea hoʻopiʻi, ʻo ia kēlā mau mea ʻōpio, i ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hōʻeha ʻia e ka poʻe luku make.

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi manaʻo e lohe nei nā kohula humpback i nā "hunting calligns" o nā kohola luku a lele i ka wahi o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻike pono i ka mea o ka mea e make ai nā mea hōʻeuʻeu. Eia ka mea hope loa, e manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe loiloi he mau holoholona aloha maikaʻi loa ka humpbacks e makemake i ke kōkua ʻana i nā mea i nā pōmaikaʻi pepehi.

Kūʻai interspecific

A ʻaʻole kēia he hihia kaawale. ʻO Robert Pitzman no ka National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States a me nā hoa hana i hōʻike ʻia ma mua o nā 100 mau hihia e pili pū ana nā koholā humpback i ka make me ka iʻa. ʻOi heleʻole, ma ka hapa nui, mālama lākou i nā ʻelele o nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ke kai, nā ʻai ʻokoʻa, nā iʻa ʻē aʻe paha.

Ua kū mai ka nīnau: no ke aha e hoʻoweliweli ai nā kohola humpback iā lākou iho i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai lākou ma waena o ka mea pepehi kanaka make a me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻokoʻa?

He aha nā alakaʻi altruistic i loko o ka honua holoholona e alakaʻi ai?

ʻO ka hana altruistic o nā holoholona he mea paʻakikī loa e wehewehe i nā hua o ka ʻōiwi. Ma ka pōʻaiapili koi, pili ka altruism i nā hihia kahi e hāʻawi ai ke ʻano o ke kanaka i nā pōmaikaʻi i kekahi i ka hōʻino o ka mea mua.

ʻAʻole pono ka mea nui e like me ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi grenade e pale ai i kekahi. Akā inā ʻo ka mea i waiho iā ia iho i loko o ka pōpilikia pōpilikia, e hopohopo paha kēia i ka wā e ola ai a hoʻoulu hou i ka hua. A inā ʻaʻole ʻōpiopio ka mea, a laila ʻaʻole ia e maʻa i ka poʻe i hoʻohālikelike ai iā ia. ʻO ia ke kumu, ceteris paribus, manaʻo ka mea e nalo nā altruistic gen i ka lehulehu i nā makahiki he nui.

Nā koho e pili ana

ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ke ʻano altruistic ma ka nahelehele, ʻoiai hoʻi i waena o nā hui e pili pono ana. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka meerkat, e hōʻike aku ana i kona mau hoahānau e pili ana i ke ala o kahi mea kipi, no ka mea, aia kēia mau kani e hōʻeha mua i ka holoholona hihiu.

Hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻomohala a noho mau i ka lehulehu ma muli o ke kaʻina i kapa ʻia ke koho pili ʻia. ʻO kēia no ka mea pili pili nā meerkat i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o kāna pūʻulu, no ka mea he mau maʻi maʻamau me lākou. ʻOiai inā i hoʻoluhi maoli ʻo ia iā ia iho, e kōkua kēia i kāna mau ʻohana e ola, no laila e hoʻomau lākou i ka lawe ʻana i nā huaʻena e hoʻoikaika i ka altruism.

Altruism kūleʻa

ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe o ka altruism ma ke ʻano e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia: penei ka ʻuʻina ʻana o koʻu kua, a nāʻu nō wau. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau pā vampire e kaʻana wai i ke koko no ka meaʻai. Hana lākou i kēia ma ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo a ʻo kā lākou hanauna paha e uku like.

Eia nō naʻe, no ka loli o ka pili o ka pilina a i ʻole ka altruism e pono ai kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina o ka nohona ma ka hui.

ʻO kahi laʻana, pono ke ʻike ka poʻe i kahi hoa pili a i ʻole a pili paha a ʻaʻole ia. ʻO ke kuhi, he hiki ʻole i nā ʻalā ke kau aku i ko lākou ʻāʻī i kahi kanaka ʻaʻole lākou e pili pono ana a i ʻole a hoaaloha paha a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi i ka mea maikaʻi.

Ka pale ʻana i kou nānā

No laila ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ke kumu ʻo ke kohola humpback wahine ikaika e pale aku i kāna keiki bipi mai ka hana ʻana a ka poʻe predator. Akā no ke aha e komo ai ma waena o nā kohola luku a me nā bipi o nā mea ʻē aʻe?

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, inā i kū kekahi ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wā e hoʻōla ai i ka wā o ke ola a me ka hana hou a nā hua, a laila hiki ke manaʻolana i nā ʻano genna e hoʻopili nei i kēia mau hanauna i hope a nalowale mai nā kānaka. A inā paʻa kahi kohola humpback ʻoi loa iā ia iho me ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka wā e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā kohola pepehi kanaka, ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o ke kīpē ʻana inā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻalo maoli iā lākou.

Manaʻo ʻo Pittsman a me kāna mau hoa hana he nui ka pilina ma waena o nā kohola humpback ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ai, a no laila ke koho pono nei ka pilina pili a me ka altruism pū kekahi.

No ka hoʻouluulu, e hoʻi ana nā kohola humpback pilikino i ka wahi like. ʻO kēia ke manaʻo he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e pili pono ana ka pilina me kā lākou hoalauna pili. Hiki i nā kohola Humpback ke kōkua i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau e pale i kā lākou mau keiki mai nā kohola pepehi kanaka.

Makemake pilikino

Akā, he mea paʻakikī e wehewehe i ka altruism maopopo i kuhikuhi i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Manaʻo ʻia kēia i ka hoʻomau mau ʻana pehea e pale ai nā kohola humpback i kā lākou mau lālā ponoʻī.

Hiki iā ia ke aʻo i nā kohola humpback e pane aku i ke kaniʻalelele e hele mai ana mai ke kaua ʻana i nā kohola pepehi kanaka. ʻO kahi hopena, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻokuʻi iā lākou, me kahi ʻano o ke ʻano a lākou i hoʻouka ai.

Inā makemake kēia kuhi i nā kohola luku loa i nā manawa a lākou e lele ai i kōkua i ka iʻa nā puʻupuʻu e mālama i kā lākou mau keiki ponoʻī, a laila i loaʻa nā ʻano maʻi i mea e ola ai ka heluna kanaka, ʻoiai inā nā pōmaikaʻi e loaʻa mai i laila.

Kēia ʻano interspecific altruistic ʻano hanana ʻole maopopo. ʻO kēia ka mea i kēlā me kēia hihia e nānā mākou i ka altruism, akā ʻo ka hopena hope loa kēia makemake kūʻokoʻa.