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• Nā manaʻo nui: nā Tarantulas, nā mea reptile, nā manu, a me nā mea hoʻi, a me nā blues

Tono a me ke kiʻi (c) M. Bagaturov
Zoo Leningrad

I kēia manawa, ua nui a me nā kikoʻī ua kākau e pili ana i nā ʻano o ke kino o ka physiology, habitat ma ke ʻano, biology reproduction a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā baki o ka genus Theloderma, me ke pili ana o ka malama ana ia lakou i ke pio ana.
Ma ka hōʻike āpau, ʻaʻole i kākau pono nā amphibians i ka nui o ka mea i luna, a no laila, ʻaʻohe mea e kākau pono ai ʻoi aku ʻo Yevgeny Rybaltovsky, he loea kaulana a me ka hoihoi i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, mālama a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano hui like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ʻatikala o kēia ʻatikala, makemake wau e hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aku i ka pono o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka moʻomeheu, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻatikala kumu no ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o kēia poʻe amphibians a puni ka honua, no Eugene. ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻohohole a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea kūikawā kaulana o ka wahine nui ʻo Dante Fenolio (USA) i kāna hōʻike i ka 29th International Herpetological Symposium i hoʻokō i 2005 ma Arizona, ua kapa ʻia kēia hana ma ke ʻano he loea ʻo Rybaltovsky. "
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻikepili e pili ana i ko lākou noho ʻana ma Vietnam, ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokūkū mua i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana i kēia mau bako, a me nā ʻike mua mua (a me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe) hiki ke loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele Eugene - http: //www.zoocom. com / ʻaoʻao / 69 /
Ma kēiaʻatikala, makemake wale wau e noho i nā mea nui a me kā lākou mana i ka mālama maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pōloki o ka genus Theloderma. ^ E Ha yM. A e hōʻuluʻulu i nā hewa nui i hana ʻia i ka wā e mālama a hānai i kēia mau baki kupaianaha a kupaianaha i nā ʻano āpau.

ʻO nā ʻanoʻano o ka genl Theloderma i ka moʻomeheu. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona.
ʻO ka mea mua, e noho pōkole mākou i kahi loiloi o kēlā mau ʻano e mālama ʻia e nā amateurs ma ka honua a ma Rusia. ʻO ka maʻa mau kēia mau ʻano ʻelima o ka ʻano ʻano: Theloderma corticale - ka mea kupaianaha maikaʻi loa, nui a nani hoʻi, Theloderma asperum (kasar copepod), Theloderma stellatum (hollow a stellate copepod) ʻo ia nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻelua, a ʻo Theloderma gordoni (copepod Gordon a lilac-bellied), ka mea e noho ana i kahi kūlana waena ma ka nui. Pēlā pū kekahi o nā hōʻiliʻili o nā hōʻiliʻili, nā manuua Theloderma bicolor a hoʻomōhala. (nā leo ʻelua-leo copepod).

E loaʻa i loko o ka pio pio Theloderma bicolorwahine

2 Aia i kēia wā he nui loa nā lōlio i ʻike ʻia i ka pio ma Russia - Theloderma leporosum (copepod warty) a me T. horridum (Ka mea weliweli loa ka pipi).
ʻO nā 5 nui o nā ʻano e like me Theloderma corticale (lichen copepod) - hiki ke noʻonoʻo, e like me ke kiʻi ʻoluʻolu loa no ka mālama ʻana i nā kolamu ʻoi. No ka mea, ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia ʻano e kēia ʻano me ka Theloderma liʻiliʻi asperum, ma kā lākou hana diurnal (a ʻo kēia mau bako i alakaʻi i kahi ala mau poʻokela mau pō) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana ma waho o nā wahi wai i ka terrarium: ma nā paia, nā puʻu a me nā mea kanu (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Theloderma asperum).
Nā ʻano o Theloderma stellatum, Theloderma gordoni, a nui iā Theloderma bicolor ʻike wale ʻia kekahi manawa i waho o ka wai. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā lālani i ka terrarium ma ka palena o ka wai a me ka ʻāina i nā kukui o ke aniani i waenakonu o ka pō, akā, aia ka puka ʻana iā lākou, hāleʻa koke lākou i loko o ka wai.
No laila, ʻo nā ʻano o ka huaʻane i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i mau mea e hōʻike ʻia ai i nā hōʻike a me nā ʻōlo, ʻo Theloderma corticale a me ka konloeine asperum. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka ʻike i nā ʻōlapa o ka hapanui o nā ʻano lua, he nui loa ka nui, e mālama ʻia i loko o kahi nui.

Nā kūlana o ka paʻa. Nā hiʻohiʻona nui.
I loko o ka palapala, ua manaʻo nui ka poʻe hoe poʻokela o kēia moʻomeheu i alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ola ʻoi-aquatic. Eia nō naʻe, he mau makahiki o ka ʻike i loko o kā lākou ʻikepili a me ka hōʻike ʻana e like ʻole kēia. E like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, hiki i nā 5 mau mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kēia ʻatikala ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ola wai. Eia kekahi, inā hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hoe hoe waʻa, ʻaʻohe wai - ʻole.

ʻO kekahi ʻo ka Theloderma asperum liʻiliʻi akā nani, he hoʻomanaʻo o ka lawe manu ʻana e waiho ana ma luna o kahi pale i kahi kūlana mālie

ʻO kahi kaiāulu kūpono kahi e ola maikaʻi ai lākou a hānai, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he aquaterrarium kahi e hoʻopuni ʻia ai ka ʻāpana āpau o ka hohonu, a me ka ʻāina, ka ʻūhā ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻāpana anuʻu. wai. Inā pono, e hoʻohana ka baki i ka papa o nā snags no ka hoʻomaha (ʻoiai lākou e holo pono ana i ke aniani ma ke aniani, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka hoe kuahi licheni e kau ana ma nā kihi o ka terrarium). Eia, hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā mea inikua hānai i ka papa o nā ʻōpū.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana nui i hana ʻia i ka wā e mālama ana i nā baki i ka genus Theloderma - ʻO ia ka huahana o ke kapa hou i ka wai a mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ke olakino maikaʻi e pono ai lākou i ka "wai kahiko", waiwai i nā mea organik a me nā waikawa humic (ʻoi aku ka tannins).

Ke kāhea nei ʻo Theloderma gordoni hoʻāliʻi lākou iā lākou mai kahi lāʻau ʻoka.

Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ka maikaʻi o ka wai. ʻO ka pono e kau i nā tannins i loko o ka wai (a, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, alakaʻi ka paddlefish i kahi ʻano nui iʻa no ka wai ʻole, ka mea e hōʻike nei ka maikaʻi o ka wai i mea nui no ka mālama maikaʻi a me ka hānai) i hōʻoia ʻia e ka mālama lōʻihi a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau ʻano ma ka pio (Laboratory " Zoocom »Rybaltovsky, Tula Zooexotarium, Riga, Moscow, Leningrad Zoos), me nā puke ʻokoʻa kūikawā i hana ʻia e Dante Fenolio i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna (e ʻimi i ka hōʻike pili Xia paʻi) a ua manaʻo ʻia he mea nui i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka kūleʻa o kēia mau moʻomeheu i ka copepods pio.

ʻO corticale ʻo Theloderma, he pākeke kāne ʻoi paha ka nani a kaulana, kaulana a kaulana hoʻi i ka ʻanoʻano. ʻO kekahi kekahi nui loa.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia aku me ka nele o nā waikona humic i ka wai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā tadpoles ʻaʻole i ola i ka metamorphosis, ai ʻole kekahi o lākou e ʻike ʻia ai ka metamorphose, mai hoʻomaka i kaʻai pilikino a make i ka nui.
Hiki i kēia pahuhopu ke loaʻa i ʻelua ala - ma ka pohō ʻana i nā ʻāpana maloʻo o ka ʻoka ʻonō i loko o ka wai, a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi decoction o nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o ka pedunculate oak i ka wai (Quercus robur) me nā lau. He maikaʻi nō ke ala hope no ka mea hoʻopuka ʻia nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā hale kia i loko o ka wai no ka baki, he mea kūpono hoʻi ia e mālama ʻia nā pūʻulu nui. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hiki ʻana o nā papa nui e hoʻopiʻi ʻia mai ka wai e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo ʻia e pono ai no ka hoʻopōleʻa ʻana i nā rana, e like me pono ka ʻaina i ka amplexus i wahi e pono ai ke waiho ʻia a hiki ʻole ke neʻe ʻia mai.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka hihia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pā o cork, pono ia e hoʻololi i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina. ʻO ka decoction o nā lau oak a i ʻole ka lāʻau e mālama lōʻihi. Pono ka hoʻohui i kēlā me kēia 8-9 mahina. Hoʻomaopopo wale mākou he mea pono ia no ka ʻaina ʻole mai ka wai, e hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻokaʻahima akuarium e hoʻāwili i ka wai.
ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohālikelike hou no ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā piʻu Theloderma ka wela o ka wai. ʻOiai ke kākau ʻana a me kekahi mau wehewehe o ka ʻatikala "pōmaikaʻi" e hōʻike ana ke ola maikaʻi lākou i nā wela o 27-28 degrees Celsius, a hiki ke ʻae i ka hoʻonui pōkole i 30 degere Celsius, akā naʻe, ua hoʻopunipuni kēia mau ʻikepili a ʻaʻole pololei. I kēia mau wela, ua ulu ka rana i nā maʻi a make pinepine ʻole.
Hiki i nā mahana o nā mea e pili ana i nā hoe a nā hoe hoe ma kahi ākea ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 22-24 kiʻekiʻe Celsius. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia ka palena haʻahaʻa. Ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i nā hōʻoluʻolu o 16-17 mau wahi maʻalahi no lākou.
Ma kahi o nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi ʻia ka mahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻoholo i ka kūleʻa o ka "puka" ʻana i ka pākuʻi wahine o ka metamorphosing kanaka i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka like o ka kāne a me ka wahine a i ʻole ka hopena nui o nā mea hope. Ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia i kapa ʻia "indoor"), ʻaʻole i like ka nui o ka male o nā kāne a ikaika nui i nā kāne (90% a 10%).

ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā tadpoles a me nā wai ʻona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, kekahi pilikia me ka hoʻopuʻi o nā ʻano ʻano o ka genus Theloderma i ka noho pio ana, malalo o na olelo o luna, aole. He mea hoihoi ia i loko o kahi terrarium nui nui i hiki ke mālama pono a mālama i nā pīkī me ka ʻole o ka lawe ʻana i nā hua a i ʻole nā ​​ʻenekole no ka hūnā ʻana i ka hoʻōla a me ka hānai ʻana. Me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻānō wale nō no ka mākena lichene e kanu i nā ʻōpola no ka mahiʻai ʻana. Eia naʻe, pono e mālama i ka lula i lalo o ka neʻe o ka tadpoles (a i ʻole frog metamorphosed) e lawe pololei ʻia me ka wai kahi i waiho ai lākou. I kēia mau lā aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui iki i ka wai "kahiko" hou.
ʻO kahi mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia ka make o nā ʻōpio'ōpio a me nā makahiki ʻōpio me kahi kikoʻī pōkole o nā mea pā lichene i loko o liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia aia na "makua" ʻo nā kāne makua iā lākou, i mea e hiki ai i ka make. I kēia mea, pono ia e kanu i nā mea hoe ʻōpio no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa. Aia hoʻi he pono e lawe iā lākou a me nā wai i kahi i loaʻa ai i ka pā "makuahine".

ʻO nā pilikia pilikia loa i ka moʻomeheu pio.
ʻOi aku ka pololei me ka kapa ʻana i kēia ʻāpana ʻaʻole he pilikia, akā he "maʻi." Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pathogens i kumu no ka maʻi i hōʻike ʻia ʻole, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia, ʻoiai he nui nā noiʻi i hana ʻia e nā hoa mai nā Riga Zoo, kāhea mākou iā ia.
ʻO ka manawa like, ʻike pinepine kēia pilikia, a ke noho nei ka pathogen i ke kino o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻoili ʻia mai kekahi hanauna i kekahi hanauna (kahi kiʻi like ʻole ma Tula, Riga, St. Petersburg i nā manawa like ʻole, heʻe ʻole ko ke kumu o ka moʻomeheu). Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano epizootic ʻano, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopau piha ʻana o nā kolana, e kū ana, me he mea laʻana, me ka loli hou ʻana i nā kūlana o ka paʻa (i ka wā e hoʻololi ana i nā keʻena ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana pōʻino.
Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ka maʻi i ke ao panu o ka ʻākihi o nā maka, ko lākou mau membrane hope, ka membrane a ka ʻili, ke alakaʻi mau nei i ka make. No ka mea, i ke kino o ka pōkō, he kūlike ka gelatinous.
ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi mua o ka maʻi o nā copepods ka uhi ʻana i nā membrane mucile o nā maka (e nānā i ke kiʻi).

ʻO corticale ʻo Theloderma me nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi (nā maka ʻili).

Inā ʻike ʻia kēlā mau maʻi, pono ka hoʻopili maʻi olakino no nā kānaka me nā hōʻike ʻana, me ka noho kaʻawale mai ka mea i koe, a no ka poʻe e nānā i waho.
Hoʻokomo ka mālama ʻia i ka waiho ʻana i ka bako i ka wai "kahiko", waiwai i nā humic a me nā tannins. I kēia hihia, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā hui antibacterial o ka hui fluoroquinolone (tsifran, ciprofloxacin, etc.) e pili ana i ka hoʻoemi ʻana mai 1 papa (500 mg) no kēlā me 7 mau wai o ka wai.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka hopena hopena i ka wai a waiho ʻia nā holoholona i loko o ia me ka loli ʻole o ka wai ma hope.
ʻO nā mea e ʻaʻole e hele i loko o ka wai e pono e mālama ʻia me kēia hoʻonā ʻana mai ka pua wai kaila i ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mau lā i ka lā.
Inā ua ʻike ʻia ka pilikia i kahi manawa kūpono, ua hana ʻia ka mālama mua ʻana a ma muli o kahi hopena, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia nā membrane mucous, a laila ma hope o ka manawa pōkole (3-4 mau lā) ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā membran a me nā ʻano maʻamau.
Ma ka hihia o ka hohonu hohonu o ka pathogen i loko o ka membrane mucous, ʻoiai me ka hoʻopōmaʻomaʻi piha, hiki i ka copepod ke noho makapō i hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​maka ʻelua.
Ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana i nā hōʻailona o waho o ka maʻi, ke koi ʻia nei e hoʻomau ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā bako mai ka pū pana.
Manaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻohana i kahi hopena o nā mea mua o ka fluoroquinolone i ka wā e hoʻololi ana i nā baki i loko o nā terrariums hou no nā pahuhopu pale.

Aia no ka nīnau o ka noi o ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā amphibians, e kū mau nei i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka ʻoihana Insectarium o ka Leningrad Zoo aia kahiʻike kūpono i ka mālama ʻana o nā poʻe juvenile o nā ʻano Rhacophorus maximus i lawe ʻia mai Vietnam mai kahi maʻi me nā hopena like ʻole me ka hopena maikaʻi loa: mai 6 mau mea maʻi, ua hoʻōla maikaʻi ʻia, ʻokoʻa 1 ke ola ʻana a hoʻokahi kanaka i ola, akā hoʻokahi nō hoʻi o nā maka ʻelua (a hiki i kēia manawa, ma hope o ʻeono mahina e hoʻomau nei ke ola, ʻai, akā ua hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui).

Kiʻi kiʻi. ʻO ke corticale keleawe Theloderma i ka hale o loko. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i ke ʻano o ka wai o ka "kahiko" a me ka driftwood i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko, i hoʻohana ʻia e nā baki, e hoʻomaha pū, a e hoʻokuʻu hoʻi i nā mea hānai iā lākou.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa o ka teloderm?

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino mai luna aku. I ka nui o nā ʻano, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili i nā ʻula, nā māka a me nā puaa. I ka wā o ka pōʻino, kuʻi ka piʻi i ka pōpō.

Hoʻokomo kēia mau baki i kā lākou hua ma nā hollows e hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano ʻē aʻe kūpono. ʻO Caviar aia ma nā paia o ka hollow, ma luna o ka wai.

Teloderma (Theloderma).

No ke aha i kū ʻole ai nā rana hollow no ka zoologists lōʻihi? Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau bakule i kahi ʻano pilikino huna, no laila ʻaʻole lākou maʻa pinepine i ka maka o ka poʻe noiʻi. Eia kekahi, he liʻiliʻi iki e pili ana i kēia mau baki i ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma muli o ke kūlana ʻōuli i Indochina. ʻAʻole i ʻae nā poʻe noiʻi i ka flora a me ka manuʻa.

I ka makahiki 1995, ua ʻike ʻia ka expedition o ka Institute of the Russian Academy of Science i nā teloderms, a i ka makahiki 1996, ua lawe ʻia nā baki mai ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe a waiho ʻia ma ka Tula Regional Exotarium. Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi papahana e aʻo i ke ʻano o ka teloderm.

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka papahana ʻo ia ka noi ʻana i ke ola o nā pōkole hana ʻole i hiki ke mālama i kēia ʻano holoholona i ka liʻiliʻi i loko o ka hoʻoili ʻana, ʻoiai hoʻi ma nā helu kiʻekiʻe deforestation i loko o Ākelika Hūsia ua loaʻa ka hopena i pau o nā holoholona holoholona he nui.

ʻO nā palaka o ka moʻomeheu Theloderma mai ka ʻohana Rhacophoridae he mea hoʻohiki i ka zooculture.

HopeAnnlin N.L. Ua hōʻea ʻo Orlov a me kāna mau hoa haole e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi ʻano like teloderm i ʻike mua ʻole ʻia: T. stellatum, T. bicolor, T. leporosa, T. corticale, T. gordoni a me T. horridum. ʻO kahi mea nui nui ʻo ia ka mea i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi pio i nā ʻano o ka nui o nā teloderm. Ma muli o kēia, ua ulu a kokoke kēia mau ʻōhua i nā noho o nā terrariums.

Akā aʻoi aku kahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā specimens hoʻokahi i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia XX. ʻO kēia kūlana ma muli o ka helu haʻahaʻa o kēia mau baki i ka kūlohelohe a me ka maopopo e noho nei lākou i nā hale i hoʻālikelike ʻia.

Nā ʻano o ke kelepona teloderm

I loko o nā kolamu zoological o ka honua nei he 5 wale nō kope o ka leka uila Burmese, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kiʻi o nā baki. ʻO kēia no ka hopena o ka 80s i kahi kaua aupuni i Burma, a ma mua o kēlā manawa, he manawa pilikia no kahi kokoke i 50 mau makahiki.

ma ke kūlohelohe, alakaʻi lākou i kahi ʻano pilikino pilikino, a ʻike maopopo ʻia kā lākou biology.

Ma 2006, ua wehewehe lākou i ka teloderm India, ʻike ʻae ʻia ʻo ke kope hoʻokahi.Ke kū nei ka nohona o kēia ʻano palaka i kēia lā. Noho ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Nagaland i ʻike lākou i kēia mau bako i nā ʻano kikowaena ʻē aʻe. Akā ma muli o ke kaomi paʻa ʻole ʻole ʻia.

Ke hoʻomau nei ʻole ʻia ke kelepona teloderma-moloch. ʻAʻole ʻilihua kēia ʻano. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano i mālama ʻia i ka wā ma mua o 1912 i mau kope ʻelua. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma Arunachal Pradesh. Mai ia manawa mai, ʻaʻohe oʻu ʻike i ʻike hou ʻia e pili ana i kēia mau lāʻau. ʻAʻole kiʻi nā kiʻi o ka teloderm-moloch, e like me ka Burodese teloderm. Hoʻonohonoho wale ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kelope kelepona ʻo ka Tula Exotarium he 9 mau ʻano, kahi o nā pua he 7.

ʻO Dwarf teloderma kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi liʻiliʻi loa o ka hanana. ʻAʻole ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke i ka 23-24 milimita ka lōʻihi. Noho ke kelepona pūnaewele ʻo Dwarf ma Vietnam, Kina a me Laos kahawai.

I ka makahiki 2005 ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano kelepona Contum. ʻO kēia teloderma kekahi o ka nui loa i waena o nā ʻanoʻano. Aia kekahi dimorphism ma waena o nā kāne - ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa i ka pena i nā kāne kāne, ʻoi aku ka ʻili o nā wahine.

Loaʻa ka Teloderms ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 700-1500 mika ma luna o ke kai.

I ka makahiki 2006, ua hopu ʻia he 4 wahine a me 2 kāne o ka poʻe kelepona nunui Contum. Ua lawe ʻia kēia mau bako i ka Tula Regional Exotarium. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua pio nā wahine a pau, a hoʻopau wale ke kāne i kona mau lā. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Zoologists i kahi hui hou o nā teloderms nunui, i loaʻa i ka manawa e hānai iā lākou i ka noho pio ʻana, e mālama i ka ʻano.

ʻO ka teloderma Marble kekahi o nā mea maʻamau e like me ka hana. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano mai ka makahiki 1997. Noho ke kelepona ma nā ʻāpana Marble ma China, Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar a me Bhutan.

Pili nui kēia mau rana i ka nahele lāʻau, nā loko liʻiliʻi e kū pono ana, nā ana a i ʻole nā ​​hale hale i hoʻoneʻe ʻia.

ʻO ka teloderma ka mea like i ka hōkū, e like me ka marmer, he waiwai nui a he hale hoʻi no kahi: Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia a Laos.

I kēia manawa, 5 mau ʻano hou o nā kelepona e wehewehe ʻia. Akā inā e noʻonoʻo ʻoe he mea huna huna kēia mau holi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi lākou e ʻike i loko o ke ʻano kūlohelohe maoli, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i nā mea hou o kēia mau mākaʻōlelo pohihihi.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

ʻO wai nā Paddler?

ʻO kekahi o nā copepods Theloderma asperum

Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ala no ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka poʻe amphibians, ʻoi loa ka tailless, ʻoiai ka mea e wikiwiki loa i ka pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli o kā lākou honua i ka hana kūlohelohe i nā ʻano no nā kumu like ʻole. luku ʻana i ka nui o nā lehulehu o nā ʻano,

Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka amphibians tailless, ʻo ka arboreal (i kapa ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo "palaka lāʻau") paha kekahi o nā mea e nani a hiki i ke pio. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ka lālani pua lāʻau Australia (Litoria caerulea), ma muli o ko lākou helehelena "pāʻani", ʻulaʻula, ʻoniʻoni nui a me nā kūlana no ka hānai ʻana, ua lilo nā mea kuʻuna, nā holoholonaʻalaluna kuʻuna o ka honua a puni.

Me nā rana lāʻau, akā pili ka nui me nā ʻōpala o ʻAmelika o ka hui o nā hoe (Rhacophoridae) e like me lākou, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "lele" a "hoʻolālā i nā rana." Ua pili pū ʻia ia inoa kekahi i ka baki terrarium kaulana mai Central and South America - pili maoli i nā lāʻau mauʻu (Hylidae), ka lāʻau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a Agalychnis callidryas) no kona hiki ke hoʻolālā i ke kino mai ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau a hōʻike ʻia i nā membrane ākea ma waena o nā manamana lima o ka wāwae.

Eia nō naʻe, ma waena o nā hoe waila he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano ʻano helima Theloderma o ʻAselika, e alakaʻi nei i kahi ʻano heho, akā he ʻano semi-aquatic ʻano. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi kūpono i nā kahaka ākea, a i kekahi manawa hoʻolimalima mau manawa i laila i kēlā wā i ke ao. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea maoli o kā lākou wai, kahi lākou e hūnā ai i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ola a hānai.

I kēia manawa, aia kēia mau genus i hōʻike ʻia 14 mau ʻano, me kekahi mau mea e kau nei ma ka wehewehe. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, inā, aia paha ka mamao i kona kānaehana pono mai ka wā piha a hiki i ka wā e wehe nā mea hou a pau. Me kēia, hiki i kekahi o nā taxa i ʻike mua i ka ʻepekema e hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i kekahi ʻano genera.

ʻOiai ke kau nei i kēia mau lana no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻāina ākea, ua nui ka mea a ua kiko ʻia ka hākō e pili ana i nā ʻano o ko lākou physiology, kahi noho i loko o ke ʻano, biology reproduction a me nā mea like ʻē aʻe, me kā lākou mālama i ka pio.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole wau i kākau e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea i luna e pili ana i nā amphibians, a no laila, ʻaʻohe mea kākau i ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ma mua o Yevgeny Rybaltovsky, he loea kaulana a me ka makemake i ke aʻo ʻana, mālama a mālama i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hui amphibian. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ʻatikala o kēia ʻatikala, makemake wau e hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aku i ka pono o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka moʻomeheu, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻatikala kumu no ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana o kēia poʻe amphibians a puni ka honua, no Eugene. ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻohohole a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mea kūikawā kaulana o ka wahine nui ʻo Dante Fenolio (USA) i kāna hōʻike i ka 29th International Herpetological Symposium i hoʻokō i 2005 ma Arizona, ua kapa ʻia kēia hana ma ke ʻano he loea ʻo Rybaltovsky. "

Ma kēiaʻatikala, makemake wale wau e noho i nā ʻāpana nui a me kā lākou hopena i ka mālama pono a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā pōloki o ka genus Theloderma, a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā hewa nui i hana ʻia i ka wā e mālama a hoʻoulu ʻia nei kēia mau ʻano kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi i nā ʻano āpau.

Nā kuʻuna o ka moʻomehe Theloderma ma ka moʻomeheu. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona

E pili pono i ka pio ʻana ʻo Theloderma bicolor, wahine

ʻO ka mea mua, e noho pōkole mākou i kahi loiloi o kēlā mau ʻano e mālama ʻia e nā amateurs ma ka honua a ma Rusia. ʻO ka maʻa mau nā ʻano ʻano he 5 o ka huaʻōlelo: Theloderma corticale - ka mea kupaianaha loa, he nui a he nani hoʻi, Theloderma asperum (rough copepod), Theloderma stellatum (hollow a star copepod) - nā mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a ʻo Theloderma gordoni (Gordon copepod a lilac bellied) Hoʻopili i ka nui. No kekahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā hōʻiliʻili, loaʻa nā mea Theloderma bicolor (bicolor copepod) a hoʻomōhala ʻia.

ʻElua mau aʻa ka lōʻihi o nā neʻe e ʻike i ka pio ma Russia - Theloderma leporosum (warty copepod) a me T. horridum (weliweli copepod).
ʻO nā 5 o nā mea maʻamau maʻamau o Theloderma corticale (lichen padlock), hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mea punahele loa paha ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻola hui. Ua koho ʻia kēia ma ka ʻoi ʻana o nā rana o kēia ʻano, me ka Theloderma liʻiliʻi asperum, i kā lākou hana diurnal (a he mau pōloli pō ko kēia mau pō) e ʻike pinepine ʻia i waho o ka pōloli o ka pōʻaiapuni ma ka terrarium: ma nā pā, nāʻu a me nā mea kanu. (ʻoi aku ka ʻano o ka Theloderma asperum).

ʻO nā ʻano o Theloderma stellatum, Theloderma gordoni, a ʻo ka Theloderma bicolor hiki ke ʻike wale i ia manawa ma waho o ka wai. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā lālani i ka terrarium ma ka palena o ka wai a me ka ʻāina i nā kukui o ke aniani i waenakonu o ka pō, akā, aia ka puka ʻana iā lākou, hāleʻa koke lākou i loko o ka wai.

No laila, ʻo nā ʻano o ka ʻano genus hiki ke lilo i mau mea e hōʻike ai i nā hōʻike a me nā zoos, ʻo Theloderma corticale a me Theloderma asperum. Ma muli o ka nui o nā huaʻelemakule kahiko o ka lua o nā mea ʻuʻuku, pono lākou e mālama i loko o kahi nui.

ʻO nā kūlana no nā rana copepod o ka genus Theloderma

I loko o ka palapala, ua manaʻo nui ka poʻe hoe poʻokela o kēia moʻomeheu i alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ola ʻoi-aquatic. Eia nō naʻe, he mau makahiki o ka ʻike i loko o kā lākou ʻikepili a me ka hōʻike ʻana e like ʻole kēia. E like me ka mea i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, hiki i nā 5 mau mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kēia ʻatikala ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka ola wai. Eia kekahi, inā hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hoe hoe waʻa, ʻaʻohe wai - ʻole.

ʻO kahi kaiāulu maikaʻi kahi e ola maikaʻi ai lākou a hānai ai, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he aquaterrarium kahi e noho ai ka limu i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina a puni, a me nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻula. wai. Inā pono, e hoʻohana ka baki i ka papa o nā snags no ka hoʻomaha (ʻoiai lākou e holo maikaʻi ma luna o ke aniani, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka hoe lichen ma ke kihi o ka terrarium). Maanei, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea inikua (nā hīmeni a me nā ipo) i ka papakō.

ʻO kekahi o nā hana nui i hana ʻia i ka wā e mālama ana i nā lōʻī o ka genus Theloderma ka huahana o nā hoʻololi wai maʻamau a mālama pono ia. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ke olakino maikaʻi e pono ai lākou i ka "wai kahiko", waiwai i nā mea organik a me nā waikawa humic (ʻoi aku ka tannins).

Paʻa ʻia ka theloderma gordoni coloration like ʻole iā lākou mai kahi lāʻau ʻōpū

Pono e noʻonoʻo pono ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Ka pono no nā tannins i loko o ka wai (a me kā mākou i ʻike ai, ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka wai kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia) i hōʻike mau ʻia e ka mālama lōʻihi a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau ʻano ma ka hoʻopio. ʻO kekahi ʻōlelo hoʻohālike ʻo ka Zoocom Laboratory ʻo Rybaltovsky, Tula Zooekzotarium, Riga, Moscow, Leningrad Zoos, a me nā haʻawina kūikawā i hana ʻia e Dante Fenolio (ʻo nā nūpepa pili e pili ana i ka paʻi) a ua manaʻo ʻia he kumu nui no ka kūleʻa o nā hua i ka hoʻopio ʻana o kēia poʻe hoe.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia aku me ka nele o nā waikona humic i ka wai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā tadpoles ʻaʻole i ola i ka metamorphosis, ai ʻole kekahi o lākou e ʻike ʻia ai ka metamorphose, mai hoʻomaka i kaʻai pilikino a make i ka nui.

Loaʻa kēia pahuhopu i ʻelua ala - ma ke kahe ʻana o nā ʻalā lau o ka ʻoka ʻoakō i loko o ka wai, a i ʻole ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi decoction o nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o ka hua oak pedunculate (Quercus robur) me nā lau i ka wai. He maikaʻi nō ke ala hope no ka mea hoʻopuka ʻia nā lau a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o nā hale kia i loko o ka wai no ka baki, he mea kūpono hoʻi ia e mālama ʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu nui. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hiki ʻana o nā papa nui e hoʻopiʻi ʻia mai ka wai e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo ʻia e pono ai no ka hoʻopōleʻa ʻana i nā rana, e like me pono ka ʻaina i ka amplexus i wahi e pono ai ke waiho ʻia a hiki ʻole ke neʻe ʻia mai.

He kaʻawale, pono ke haʻi ʻia ma ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pā o cork, pono ia e hoʻololi i hoʻokahi ma mua o kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina. ʻO kahi decoction o nā lau oak a iʻa paha e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Pono ka hoʻohui i kēlā me kēia 8-9 mahina. Hoʻomaopopo wale mākou he mea pono ia no ka ʻaina ʻole mai ka wai, e hoʻohana i kahi mea hoʻokaʻahima akuarium e hoʻāwili i ka wai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kānana wai wai, ʻaʻole i hana nā mea iʻa i loko o ka wai, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻomāʻā ʻia ka amphibian.

ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohiki hou no ka mālama pono ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o Theloderma frogs ʻo ka wai wai. ʻOiai ke kākau ʻana a me kekahi mau wehewehe o ka ʻatikala "pōmaikaʻi" hōʻike lākou ola maikaʻi lākou i ke kula o 27-28 ° C, a hiki ke ʻae i ka hoʻonui pōkole i 30 ° C, akā naʻe, hoʻopunipuni kēia mau ʻikepili a ʻaʻole maoli. I kēia mau wela, ua ulu ka rana i nā maʻi a make pinepine ʻole.

Hiki i nā mahana o nā mea ʻimi nā hoe o nā hoe hoe waʻa kahi iʻoi aku ma mua o 22-24 °. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia ka palena haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ka mahana o 16-17 ° i ka ʻoluʻolu no lākou.

Ma kahi o nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi ʻia ka mahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻoholo i ka kūleʻa o ka "puka" ʻana i ka pākuʻi wahine o ka metamorphosing kanaka i ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka like o ka kāne a me ka wahine a i ʻole ka hopena nui o nā mea hope. Ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ia i kapa ʻia "indoor"), ʻaʻole i like ka nui o ka male o nā kāne a ikaika nui i nā kāne (90% a 10%).

ʻLelo a me ke kiʻi na M. Bagaturov, Leningrad Zoo