ʻO Elk, kahi wehewehe i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā puke ʻolelo āpau no nā poʻe aloha holoholona, he mau holoholona nui i hou ʻia e nā ʻohana o elk, ka ʻohana deer.
Ua manaʻo nui nā poʻe loiloi mai kona inoa mai ka huaʻōlelo Slavonic Old "ols", kahi e hōʻike ai i ka lauoho ʻulaʻula e uhi ana i ke kino o ka moose. ʻO kekahi inoa inoa maʻamau mai nā wā kahiko ma Rūsia ʻo ka moose - moose. Maliʻa paha ua kū ʻia ia ma muli o ka like ʻana o kona mau pepeiao me ka palu.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka moose?
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka moose e hoʻomaka me kāna ʻano. He mea maʻamau kēia mau artiodactyls ma ka ʻĀkau Hemolele. Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 19, ua ʻoki loa ka nui o nā mea make i Europa, koe wale nō ʻo Russia. Mahalo i nā hana palekana i lawe ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua noho hou kēia mau artiodactyls ʻĀpana a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa.
I kēia lā, noho kēia mau holoholona nui i nā ʻāina o Scandinavia (Norewai, Finland), ma Belarus, ma ka ʻākau o Ukraine, ma Hungary a me Polani, a me nā ʻāina Baltic (Estonia a me Latvia), a me Czech Republic. ʻO ka hapa nui loa i Rūkia: mai nā Kola Penina a i nā ʻanuʻu hema. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua noho ka moose ma Kanada, Alaska, a me nā ʻūlani ʻākau.
Ke heluhelu nei i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka moose i nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, hiki iā mākou ke hopena i kēia mau holoholona e noho ana i loko o nā nahele i hoʻohui ʻia a me nā puʻu, nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻOi aku ka makemake o Aspen a me nā kumu lāʻau Birch i ka nahele-tundra. ʻO ka pālahalaha a ma nā kapa o nā loko i nā ʻāpana hāpana a me nā muliwai - i loko o nā māla laulea. Ma nā kuahiwi mauna, noho lākou i nā awāwa a i nā ʻilima haʻalulu.
Elk Habitat
Ka nui ka nui o ka moose e pili ana i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona mau kānaka. Ma ka hapalua o ka huina o ka huina e noho ma Rusia. Akā ma kahi o nā palena o ko mākou'āina, e noho ana kēia mau holoholona ma ʻEulopa (Polani, Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, the Baltic States), i ka ʻāpana ʻākau o Ukraine, Scandinavia.
I nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa i luna e hoʻopau ʻia nei, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka elk i nā kenekulia 18-19. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻihoʻi nui ʻia ka lehulehu no nā hana mālama, hana hou i ka ulu lāʻau, a me ka luku ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe o ka moose - nā ʻīlio.
E noho ana ma ʻākau ʻĀkia ma kahiki kahiki ʻo Kina a i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Siberia. Ua lilo hoʻi ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i home o ka moose, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia ma Alaska, Kanada a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻākau.
Noho ka elk i nā nahele a me nā kumulāʻau - Birch a me nā kumulāʻau pine, aspen mau lāʻau, nā wao ma nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā loko. I ke tundra a me ke kapuahi, hiki i ka moose ke noho mamao i ka nahele. Akā makemake lākou i nā ululāʻau i hui ʻia, kahi i hoʻomōlikelike ʻia ai ka lalo o lalo.
ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka home kauwela o ka moose ka mea kanu wai i pono ai e hoʻopakele mai ka wela i ke kauwela, a me ka mea e ʻai pū ai. I ka hoʻoilo, kanu lākou i nā nahele nalo a me ka coniferous. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka hau hohonu, a ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ola maʻamau i kēlā mau wahi kahi i hāʻule ʻole ai ma mua o ka hapalua mika.
Inā hohonu ka hau, hele lākou i mau wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohā pinepine kēia ma ka hopena o ke kau. ʻO ka mea mua, nā wahine me ka haʻalele moose, a laila hopu nā kāne makua iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana ka mea i ka hoʻomaka o ka wai, i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hele ma kahi o 15 km i kēlā me kēia lā.
He aha ka mea like me ka elk e like? ʻO ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe
ʻO Moose ka ʻelele nui o kāna ʻohana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma kahi maloʻo mai ka 1.70 a 2.35 mika, ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 3 mika. ʻO ka paona o kekahi wahine makua he 300 kg, a ʻo ke kāne ma mua o ʻeono haneri. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona: nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe, ke kino pokole. Loaʻa i nā holoholona nā poʻohiwi ikaika a me ka umauma. ʻO nā wāwae nā lōlihi akā ʻaʻole ia he lahilahi, kūpaʻu me nā mākala pōkole a lōʻihi. He pōkole akā ʻike ka hiʻu.
Nui ka poʻo a koʻikoʻi, ke lōʻihi a hiki i 500 mm lōʻihi, nā keiki huki. He nunui a me nā pepeiao pepeiao. Holoi ka lehelehe luna ma luna o ka lehelehe ma lalo o ka ʻūhā a ʻike ʻoe i kahi palupalu mākia palupalu - kahi "pepeiao," ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o hiki ke 40 cm.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Elk ka moho nui o ka ʻohana deer. Kaumaha ke kauā o kekahi pākeke pāpaona ma kahi o 600 kg., Me ke kino lōʻihi o 3 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o 2,4 mika. Ua liʻiliʻi nā wahine.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka moose o ka ʻelemakule mai ka wahine a nā ʻōpū nui o nā pu. ʻO ka nui o kā lākou hiki ke 1,8 mika ākea, a ke kaupaona a hiki i 30 kilograms. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he mau hōʻailona like ʻole o ka ʻokoʻa i ka kāne - i kēlā me kēia o ka hāʻule o ka hina o kēia mau hōʻailona kūʻokoʻa.
Kūleʻa lākou i nā pepeiaohao ma hope o ka manawa rutting i hala, a i ka pūnāwai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka hou e ulu hou. ʻO ka makua o ka holoholona, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā ma kona poʻo. He “pepeiao” hoʻi ke kāne - kahi wī wīwī ma lalo o kona puʻupuʻu.
He mea koʻikoʻi ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka elk, he ʻokoʻa kēia holoholona hihiu ma kahi o ke koena. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i kēia ma o ka nui moose moʻo.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi iki i kahi momona o ka moose - he wāwae lōʻihi loa e pili ana i ke kino, ke kuapo ma ke kua, he poʻo nui hunchbacked me ka lehelehe ma luna. Akā naʻe, e like me nā ʻelele āpau o ka honua holoholona, ua kūleʻa lākou me nā māka o ka ʻae kūlike o kā lākou ʻano.
He pepeiao maikaʻi ʻo Elks, a me ke ʻano o ka ʻono, akā ʻike maka ʻole ʻia. Inā kū kū ʻole kekahi kanaka, a laila ʻike ʻole ka elk iā ia mai kahi mamao o 20-30 mau mika. He mau lawaiʻa maikaʻi nā moose, makemake lākou i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea palekana mai nā waena waena, a me ke kumu o nā meaʻai.
Inā makemake kēia holoholona holoholona nui e pale iā ia iho, a laila ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ka pu, nāna e kaua aku i nā poʻe predator me kona mau wāwae mua. Akā ʻaʻole lākou hakakā, inā he manawa kūpono e pakele ai, ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka hakakā.
ʻAhuʻula lauoho
ʻOiai ka wehewehe pōkole o ka holoholona ʻaʻole i hana me ka ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka huluhulu, ka mea i loaʻa i nā lauoho lōʻihi a palupalu i lalo nā undercoat. ʻO kahi kapa elk i kahi kapa lōʻihi. I ka hoʻoilo, ulu a ulu i ʻumi kenimika ma ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻāʻī a maloʻo ka lōʻihi a ua like hoʻi me ka mane, a hiki i ka iwakālua kenimita ka lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi manawa e like paha ka holoholona he hump.
ʻO ka lauoho palupalu i uhi i ke poʻo e ulu a kūkaʻe i ka lehelehe. Ma waena wale o nā nostrils ma ka lehelehe luna e hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi wahi liʻiliʻi.
Moose ʻano
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Moose i kekahi mau subspecies, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like, mai 4 a 8. ʻO ka subspesies ʻo Alaskan ka nui loa, hiki ke lilo i ka paona o 800 kg. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ʻo nā subsecies Ussuri, kahi i ʻike ʻia e kona mau kūpuna like ʻole (me ka mea ʻole lobes). I nā manawa ʻokoʻa o ka makahiki, nā ʻano moose. Aia ia i ka mahana o ke ambient.
I ka wela wela o ke kauwela, makemake lākou e hūnā mai nā inisini i nā mākeke ākea, ma ka ʻāʻī i loko o ka wai a i ʻole nā makani i puhi ʻia e ka makani. Hele lākou i ka hānai i nā pō maloʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai lākou i ke kūʻē i ke ao, a hoʻomaha i ka pō. I nā wai momona koʻikoʻi lākou e hāʻule ai i ka hau hoʻohemo, e hoʻomālamalama i nā holoholona e like me ka lua.
ʻO nā wahi i kapa ʻia e ka elk i ka hoʻoilo ka mea hoʻoilo, a me ko lākou wahi e hilinaʻi nei ma nā wahi kahi i nui ai ka meaʻai. ʻO ka pinepine kahea o nā ʻōpala pōkole ʻōpio ma waena o Rūsia, nā walo a i ʻole nā momi aʻa i nā ʻaukā birch i Siberia.
Hiki i nā holoholona ke hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hoʻomoana. A hiki aku i hoʻokahi haneli haneli ma kahi he 1000 hekahi o ka ulu lāʻau Obobsky i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole he kahuhina nā moala, ʻo ka ʻohi pinepine e hele i hoʻokahi manawa, a ʻohi a ʻokoʻa paha 3-4.
I ke kauwela, hui pū kekahi mau holoholona ʻōpio i nā wahine me nā makahiki, a i ka hoʻoilo he kahuhipa liʻiliʻi e komo pū ai nā wahine ʻōpio a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, e hūnā hou kēia hui liʻiliʻi.
Mea ʻai
ʻO nā ʻano āpau, nā mosses, nā lichens, nā ʻūhā, nā mea kanu mea kanu nui (ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kele i ka lau nahele ma muli o ko lākou ulu kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻāʻī pōkole), nā wana ʻōpio a me nā lau lāʻau (lehu mauna, birch, aspen, cherry manu a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe) e hana ana i ka moose.
ʻO ka moose me nā lehelehe nui e paʻa i kahi lālā a ʻai hoʻi i nā mea āpau. ʻO ke kauwela ke makemake lākou e ʻimi i ka ʻai i loko o ka wai ʻauʻau; hiki iā lākou ke kū i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka wai no kahi minuke a koho i nā mea kanu ʻano ʻano (he calendula, kahi wai wai, hua manu liʻiliʻi, hua manu).
Me ka hiki ʻana o ka ngahulu, huli lākou i nā lālā, kuʻu i ka ʻili mai nā lāʻau. Aia ka nui o nā meaʻai, i ke kauwela, e ʻai ana ka elk ma kahi o 30 kg., I ka hoʻoilo he 15 kg wale nō. ʻO ka hapa o ka moose e hoʻopōʻino i nā ululāʻau, ʻoiai e ʻai kekahi holoholona i kahi o 7 mau mea kanu ma ka makahiki. Pono nā māka i ka paʻakai, kahi e koti nei lākou i nā alanui, ai ʻole e kipa aku i nā lī paʻakai i kūkulu ʻia e nā mea uila no lākou.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻohi, ma kahi o Kepakemapa e hoʻomaka ana ka moose. Hoʻokani nā kāne i nā leo nui, wīwī i kā lākou mau pū i ka lāʻau, wāwahi i nā lālā, me he mea e kāhea ana i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e hakakā no ka wahine.
Ke loaʻa nei i kahi wahine, ke alualu lākou iā ia, e pale ana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokokoke aku iā ia. I loko o kēia manawa hanaʻole lākou. ʻO ke kaua o nā kāne pālua ʻelua i kekahi manawa me ka make o ka nāwaliwali. I nā kaua hakakā, hakakā ka elk no ka pipi, akā no ka wahine hoʻokahi wale nō - he mau holoholona lākou.
Waihoole i ka wā moose moena a aia nō i ka wahine nui ka wahine. A laila e uhi pono i kahi kāne i nā wahine, ʻaʻole pololei loa.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina o ka hoʻāhewa ʻana, e hānai ʻia ana ka male ʻana, a ma hope o nā lā 230-240 ua hānau ʻia kahi pēpē. Mamuli o ka nui o ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana maikaʻi, a hānau ʻia ka litter 1-2 keiki. Akā make hoʻokahi pinepine i nā lā mua a i ʻole hebedoma o ke ola.
ʻO ka hebedoma mua o ke ola, nawaliwali loa ke keiki bipi a ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe koke, no laila ʻo ia wale nō ka mana hoʻomalu - e moe i ka ʻōpala a kali i ka pōʻino. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he pale maikaʻi kāna - ʻo kona makuahine nui. E hakakā ʻo ia e pale i kāna mamo, i kekahi manawa pōmaikaʻi.
ʻOiai kekahi mau puʻuwai make i kekahi manawa mai nā pupuhi o nā wāwae ikaika o ka moose huhū. Ma hope mai, hiki iā ia ke hilinaʻi me kona mau wāwae a hele ma hope o kona makuahine. I kēia manawa manawa hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā lau, aia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kona ulu ʻana.
Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻo ia e kukuli e kiki i ka mauʻu, a e kūlou i nā kumulāʻau i mea e loaʻa ai nā lau hou. ʻO ka wai momona ka wai māhu e pili ana i 4 mau mahina. Ma kēia Mālama ʻana ka pahu mai 6-16 kg. keiki hou ma ka hāʻule hāʻule e hele a hiki i ka 120-200 kg.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Elks e ola no 25 mau makahiki, akā ma nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka hihiu he mau hapa ka hapa wale nō o ko lākou ola. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻūlio, nā ʻīlio e make i nā holoholona maʻi, me ka ʻōpio, a me nā wīwī, ʻōpio loa. Eia kekahi, he holoholona holoholona holoholona ka elk; ka hopu ʻana no ka ʻae ʻia mai ʻAkakopa a Ianuali.
Kāleka
ʻO ke lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 3 m, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo a hiki i ka 2,3 m, ʻo 12-13 ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka lā 13-1 ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka paona he 360-600 kime, ma ka Far East o Russia a me Canada - a hiki i 655 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi nā wahine. I ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻike ʻokoʻa ka elk mai nā kāʻei ʻē aʻe. He pokole kona kino a me ka ʻāʻī, ua kiʻekiʻe ke maloʻo, ma ke ʻano o kahi hi. Hōʻalo ʻia nā wāwae, no laila e inu a ʻawa, ua hoʻowalele ʻia ka moose e komo hohonu i loko o ka wai a kū i luna o nā kuʻekuʻe lima. Ua nui ka poʻo, he hunchbacked, me ka huʻu ʻili o luna. Ma lalo o ka puʻupuʻu kahi palupalu maluluu ("pepeiao"), hiki i 25-40 cm.ʻī nā mānoʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele, nā ʻeleʻele hina nā wāwae, aneane keʻokeʻo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hōʻī ma nā wāwae mua, kahi e ʻae ai i ka moose e hoʻohana iā lākou me he mea kaua i hakakā me nā poʻe wili e like me ka ʻolio a wīwī paha (akā ʻaʻole ia i nā hakakā me nā hoa hakakā, no laila e hōʻino ʻole ʻia iā lākou). Hoʻokahi wale nō pēpē me ia puʻe e lawa ai ke kūlou i ka ʻōpala o ka ʻenemi a wehe paha i ka ʻōpū.
Loaʻa nā kāne i nā pepeiaohao ʻehā nunui (ʻo ka nui o nā mammals hou) ko lākou mau puhaka i loaʻa i 180 cm, ke kaumaha - 20-30 kg. Hōʻalo ka moose i nā mea kuʻuna i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻo Nowemapa - Kekemapa a hele wāwae ʻole iā lākou a hiki i ʻApelila - Mei. He wahine haole.
ʻO ka pinepine, kapa ʻia ka moose no ka ʻehā, ʻo kona ʻano like me ka lālani.
Kālā
Ua kahele ʻia ʻo Moose i ka palena nahele o ka ʻĀina Hema, ʻaʻole e ʻā pinepine i loko o ka nahele-tundra, forest-steppe a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka papalō. Loaʻa ia ma ʻEulopa ma Polani, nā mokuʻo Baltic, Czech Republic, Hungary, Belarus, ma ka ʻākau o Ukraine, ma Scandinavia a me ka māhele ʻāpana o Rūsia. I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ua luku ʻia ʻo ia: ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 18, i loko o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 19. I Polani, ka Czech Republic, Hungary a me Scandinavia, ua noho hou ka moose ma muli o ka pale ʻana, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka 1920s. Ma Asia, ola ia mai ʻĀmelia kūkulu ʻākau a ma ʻākau ʻĀkaukau o Kina a hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka taiga Siberian. I ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō ia ma Alaska, ma Kanada a me ka ʻūhā kahiki ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hōʻea ana i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Colorado. Ma Lūkia, ua kahele ʻia i ka wahi i Rostov ma ka hema a i ka ʻaoʻao o ka Pākīpika i ka hikina, i ka nui ma nā ululāʻau.
Ma kahi o 730 tausani mau kanaka (ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka huina o ka lehulehu) e noho ana ma Rūsia, a ma kahi o 1.5 miliona e noho ana ma ka Honua.
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
Noho ʻo Moose i nā kumulāʻau like ʻole, nā mākaʻu lāʻau o ke kahawai o nā ʻāpana o ke kahawai a me nā loko, i loko o ka nahele-tundra i mālama lākou i nā ululāʻau birch a me nā ulu lāʻau aspen. Ma ke alaika a me nā tundra i ke kauwela ua loaʻa a lōʻihi loa lākou mai ka ulu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa he mau haneli mau mile. ʻO ka mea nui nui no ka moose ka hiki ʻana i nā ʻapu, nā wai kūlohelohe a me nā loko, kahi e ke kauwela lākou e ʻai ai i nā mea kanu aku a me ke pakele mai ka wela. I ka hoʻoilo, pono i nā elk i hui ʻia a ulu like ʻole me ka ulu lāʻau. Ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka nui i kahi hohonu o ka hoʻoilo ma mua o 30-50 cm, moose ka mea e ola ai, ma kahi o 70 cm ke hana nei lākou i nā loli ka liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Ke neʻe pinepine nei ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka lā ʻOkakopa a hiki i Dekemapa - Ianuali. ʻO nā wahine mua me ka moose, ʻo ka mea hope loa he ʻelemakule kāne a he wahine. I kekahi lā, hele wāwae moose 10-15 km. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka pūnāwai kahakaha i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻoliʻoli: ʻo nā kāne pākahi ka mua, nā wahine me ka moose ka mea hope loa.
ʻAʻohe o ka maose kekahi mau manawa o ka ʻai a me ka hoʻomaha. I ke kauwela, hoʻolilo ka wela iā lākou i nā holoholona nocturnal, i ka lā e hoʻoiho ai lākou iā lākou i nā aniani, kahi i makani ai ka makani, i loko o nā loko a i nā ʻōpū, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke peʻe i ka ʻāʻī i loko o ka wai, i loko o nā mea kanu ʻōpio coniferous nui e pale i nā mea ʻino. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻai ka moose i ka lā, a ʻo ka pō a me ka wā like i nā manawa a pau e noho ai lākou ma ka papa. Ma nā paka nui, holo nā holoholona i ka hoʻoheheʻe maloʻo a no laila wale nō ke poʻo a maloʻo ka protrude ma luna o ia mea, e hoʻemi ana i ka hoʻoili wela. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ka moose i ka hau ma ke kahua i kapa ʻia e ka poʻe heʻe he "puni". kū. ^ E Ha yM. Kau ʻia ke wahi o nā kū ma ka wahi e hānai ai. Ma Central Russia ka mea, he mau kumu lāʻau ulu ʻōpio lākou, i Siberia - nā wao makeʻe a i ʻole nā mea kanu lāʻau ma nā kahawai wai, ma ka Far East - loaʻa nā ulu lāʻau coniferous nui me nā wīwī. Hiki i nā moose ke hoʻohana i hoʻokahi pā hale i ka manawa, ma nā māla Oka pine i 50s o ka XX kenekulia i ka hoʻoilo ma kekahi wahi a ʻoi aku paha 100 mau moose no 1000 ha mau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
ʻO ka moose kaʻai i ka lāʻau-lulā a me nā mea kanu lau, a me ka mosses, lichens a me nā ʻalū. ʻO ke kauwela, ʻai lākou i nā lau, lawe iā lākou ma muli o kā lākou ulu ʻana mai ke kiʻekiʻe nui, ʻai i nā mea kanu a me ka kokoke-wai (hoʻoneʻe, marigold, pōkole huaʻai, lili wai, horsetails), me nā mea kanu loloa i nā wahi i puhi ʻia a ʻokiʻoki i ke ahi - fireweed, sorrel. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻimi ʻia nā ʻōpū popoki (me nā māka fly fly, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lāʻau lapaʻau), ʻimi ʻia nā pua o nā blueberries a me nā lingonberry me nā huaʻai. Mai Sepatemaba, hoʻomaka nā kuʻi a me nā lala o nā kumulāʻau e hoʻoulu, a ma ka mahina o Nowemapa ua aneane lākou a hoʻohuli maoli i ka ʻānai ʻana i nā lālā. ʻO ka hānai nui o ka hoʻoilo no ka moose ka lau willow, pine (ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - fir), aspen, ash ash, birch, raspberry, i loko o ka thaw lākou e ʻohi ai i ka ʻili. ʻAi ʻia ka momona o ka pākeke i kēlā lā i kēia lā: i ke kauwela e pili ana i ka 35 kg o ka hānai, i ka hoʻoilo - 12-15 kg, i kēlā me kēia makahiki - e pili ana i 7 mau tonika. Ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi elk ke kipa ʻia e nā limu paʻakai, ma ka hoʻoilo ka lick lākou i ka paʻakai a mai nā alanui nui.
Holo wikiwiki ka moose, a hiki i 56 km / h, ʻeleʻele maikaʻi. Ke ʻimi nei i nā mea kanu aquatic, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i kā lākou mau poʻo i lalo o ka wai no kahi o hoʻokahi mau minuke. Mai nā mea makaʻu ke pale ʻia e nā pupuhi ʻana o nā wāwae mua. ʻO kekahi ʻūlio koa wiwo ʻole e hoʻouka i ka moose kāne i kahi ākea. E like me ke kānāwai, e hoʻāʻo ana ka oso i ka neʻe ʻana i mua o kahi pua, no laila ua ʻohi ka ell i ka neʻe.I nā ʻike o ka palaka, ke hoʻolohe a me ke ʻano o ka ʻono, ʻoi aku ka palupalu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka ʻike - ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i kahi kanaka i kahi lōʻihi o kahi mau kau mika.
Maʻa iki aneane ʻo ka Moose ka mea mua i lele aku i kekahi. Ma o ka huakaʻi e hele mai me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki a kokoke i ka moose.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Noho ola nā kāne a ʻo nā wahine kū hoʻokahi i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona 3-4. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, hele ka wahine a me nā moose, e hana ana i nā hui o 3-4 poʻo, i kekahi manawa hui pū ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine hoʻokahi, e hana ana i ka pū o 5-8 mau poʻo. I ka pūnāwai, ua hūnā ʻia kēia mau bipi.
Hōʻalo ka moose i ka manawa like like me ka rera ma Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa a ukali ʻia me kahi ʻano ʻalā o nā kāne ("moaning"). I ka wā o ka rut, nā kāne a me nā wahine a hauʻoli a hiki i ka hōʻino, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kahi kanaka. Kūkulu nā kaua i nā hakakā, i kekahi manawa a make. ʻAʻole e like me ka hānā o ka deer, elk - monogamous conditional, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka wahine me ka wahine hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka hapai ʻana ma ka moose ʻoi ka lōʻihi o 225-240 mau lā, kaulike ʻia ka calving mai ʻApelila a Iune. Aia i hoʻokahi bipi keiki i loko o ka litter, hiki i nā wahine kahiko ke hānai i nā māhoe. ʻO ka ʻulaʻula o ke keiki ʻo ka pēpē he ʻulaʻula māmā, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo e ʻike ana i ka deer. Hiki iā Moose ke ala i kahi mau minuke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ma hope o 3 mau lā neʻe lākou i neʻe ʻole. Mālama ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū i loko o nā hola he 4,5-4 mau mahina, he momona momona ka elk's i ka 8-13%, ʻo ia hoʻi, 3-4 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o nā pipi, a loaʻa iā 5 mau manawa hou aʻe i nā protein (12-16%).
Lilo ka moose i ka moe i ka makahiki he 2 o kona mau makahiki. Ma hope o 12 mau makahiki, e hoʻomaka ka moose i ka makahiki, ma ke ʻano o ka moose ma mua o 10 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i oi aku ma mua o 3%. Ma ka noho pio aku ana lakou a 20-22 mau makahiki.
ʻĀina waiwai
ʻO nā holoholona pāʻoihana waiwai nui (ʻai ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili ikaika i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lole ʻaina ke hoʻohana ʻia).
Ma Lūkia a me Scandinavia, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana i ka home me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻano moose me ka holoholona hoʻokele a me ka holoholona waiū, akā naʻe, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike i ka hana e hiki ai ke ola. Ma USSR, aia he 7 mau māla lau noose, i kēia manawa aia he mau māla moose ʻelua i ka mālama ʻāina Pechora-Ilych ma ke kauhale o Yaksha a me Sumarokovskaya moose maose i ka moku Kostroma. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hōʻike i ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e A. Zguridi "The Tale of the Forest Giant". ʻElima mau ʻāina kūʻai. Loaʻa nā huakaʻi alakaʻi i nā māla.
ʻO ka waiu moose ka like me ka ʻiʻo o ka pipi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona a ʻoi aku ka momona. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama olakino. No ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana he kekī.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka moose ka mea haʻahaʻa i ka ʻai i ka ʻiʻo o nā kahe ʻē aʻe - ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa a me ka stiffer. Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā pā i puehoe a kaluma.
Helu
ʻO ka make kino o ka makahiki ma waena o ka moose makua mai 7 a 15%; make nā holoholona ʻōpio ma ka makahiki mua a hiki i 50%. Holo ʻia ʻo Moose e nā ʻīlio a me nā bears (brown bear, grizzly), ʻōpio, maʻi a me nā holoholona kahiko e lilo ana i mea pio. Hoʻokomo pōpilikia nā wolves i nā pākeke maikaʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ka moose e kahi maʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuispili i ka ʻōnaehana nenoai, a me nā ʻili. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia lākou i nā kaʻa, a hoʻokau pinepine nā kaʻa i kēia. Ua ʻae ʻia kēia holoholona e hahai holoholona i aneane a pau o Eurasia, a ke ulu nei ka nui o nā pahuhopu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He heihei nui loa kēia o nā pua o ka terrestrial. ʻO ka nui o ka moose i ka maloʻo e nui hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pākeke ke hiki aku ma mua o 3 m, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino awelika ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka tonika.
Hoʻomaopopo pinepine kēia mau holoholona i ka rhizomes. ʻAe lākou i kēia inoa inoa i nā hiʻona ʻokoʻa loa o ko lākou helehelena - nā lei pepeiao nani e like me ka mea paahana kahiko - sokha.
ʻO kahi moose kāne kāne wale nō e hiki ke hoʻohanohano i kēlā hoʻonani. Ua liʻiliʻi nā ʻili o nā wahine a ʻaʻohe ona pepe e ke ʻano. ʻO ka mea i hōʻike ʻia o ka helehelena, kahi ʻano o ka lei, he ʻano iwi me ka pua nui me nā ulu ulu, ka nui o nā ʻano he 25 kg.
ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu nā mea ʻaihue moose nalo, hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia lākou. Akā ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ma kahi o Mei, i ulu ai ka "lei" hou i ko lākou poʻo.
ʻO ka moose kekahi mau hoahānau o ka deer, akā, i ke ʻano like ʻole o lākou, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lokomaikaʻi iā lākou. Akā, he mau poloma lākou, he mau poʻohiwi ikaika a me ka umauma. ʻO ka ʻāʻī me kahi kahiʻi palupalu palupalu ma lalo o ka larynx a me ka ʻōpala o nā mea maloʻo, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kikoʻī laulā o ke kino, hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o kahi mea pōkole.
Aia kahi humpback ulu aʻe ma luna o lākou, a laila aia ke poʻo nui kahi hunchbacked. Pihi ka muzzle e pili ana i ka hope, me kahi ʻiʻo, e kau ana ma luna o ka lehelehe lalo. ʻO nā wāwae o ka holoholona, i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho pōkole, nui nā elongated, ʻaʻole ʻilihune, me nā māno pōkole lōʻihi.
Aia kahi poʻo a hiki i 13 cm ka nui, he pōkole akā ʻike ʻia. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ke kapa ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kino a he keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele, i keʻokeʻo nā wāwae o ka moose. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka lauoho lauoho, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka moose i ke kua o kahi keʻele hau. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau. i ka moose kiʻi.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā hihiʻo o kēia mau holoholona, akā, ʻoi aku ka lohe a me ka ʻalaʻawa. Holo lākou i ka holo wikiwiki a holo maikaʻi. Ua loaʻa i kēia mau momi maikaʻi ka inoa o ka nui loa ma ka ʻūleʻa ʻĀkau.
Ma ka hapalua o nā lālā o ka heluna nui e noho ana i ka nui o Rūsia. Kālaha aku ʻo Moose ma Ukraine, Belarus, ʻo Baltic States, Polani a me Scandinavia, ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻEulopa, me ʻAsia kekahi, ma ka hoʻohālike, ma Mongolia a me Kina. Loaʻa iā lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ka hapa nui ma Kanada a me Alaska.
ʻO Moose - ʻo ia ka inoa o ka lime i hōʻike i ka ʻohana deer. ʻAʻole i ʻike lōʻihi ia, manaʻoʻiʻo ia he ʻano hoʻokahi o nā ʻano inoa like ʻole. Akā me ka loaʻa ʻauhau intraspecific i pilikia nui.
He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo pololei a hoʻopaʻa i ka helu o nā ʻano a me nā subspecies. A ma kēia manawa, māhele ʻia nā zoologists. Ua kōkua nā genetics o kēia wā i ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau kānalua. Wahi a nā ikepili mai kēia kumu, ʻaʻole pono e mahele i ka ʻano o ka moose, i hoʻokahi mau ʻano.
E noʻonoʻo pono iā lākou i nā kikoʻī.
1. Makaula hikina. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano i ʻelua ʻāpana: ʻEulopa a me Kaukaia. ʻO nā holoholona nui ko lākou mau lālā, he manawa nui e hōʻea ana i kahi paona a hiki i 650 kg. Hoʻokahi ʻia nā pepeiaohao o ia moose i ka nui o ka 135 a keu kenimika.
ʻEleʻele nā lauoho. Ua hōʻailona ʻia ke kua me kahi kaula ʻeleʻele. ʻO kahi wahiʻoi loa o ka hoʻopauʻana i ka muzzle a me ka hōʻa ma nā wāwae. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ke kua o nā wāwae o kēia mau mommima, a me ko lākou lehelehe luna, ua kokoke ke keʻokeʻo.
2. Makena komohana. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻāʻī o ʻAmelika, akā he kūpono nō hoʻi e kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo East Siberian, no ka mea he mau ʻelele mau aupuni elk o kēia mau lua, ma ka maka mua o kahi mamao, nā ʻāina like o ka Honua.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka hikina o Kanada a me Ussuri subspecies. Hapa liʻiliʻi ʻia kēlā mau holoholona ma mua o nā hoahānau pili i hōʻike ʻia ma mua. A ʻo ka laulā o ko lākou mau pepeiaohao e pili ana i ka mita. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, no ka mea ma Kanada a me ka Far East kahi hiki nō iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā loea he nui loa, ʻo ke kaumaha o hiki iā 700 kg.
ʻOkoʻa loa ka kala ʻana o kēlā moose. ʻO kā lākou ʻāʻī a me ka ʻānō hoʻi ma mua he brown brown a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO nā wāwae ma luna, a me nā ʻaoʻao hoʻi i lalo, ʻeleʻele ka pihi.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
ʻAʻole kino iki ke kino o kēia mau mea, a ua nui loa nā wāwae a me nā wāwae ikaika e pale aku i kekahi mau neʻe. ʻO ka laʻana, e inu i ka wai, Elk ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi i kona poʻo. Ua hele ʻo ia i kahi hohonu i ka wai, i kekahi manawa ke hāʻule nei i kona mau kuli, ʻoiai e hāhai ana i kona mau kuʻuna.
Ma ke ala, ʻo lākou ka mea i hōʻike, ua mālama i kēia holoholona i mea waiwai pono e pale aku ai i ka pale. Ke ʻaʻaka ʻo ia me nā ʻenemi, nā polū a me nā ʻīlio paha, hakakā nā mea like me ko lākou mau wāwae mua, hiki i ka manawa o ka lele ʻana i kā lākou mau mākeke i hoʻokahi manawa ke wāwahi i ka ʻōpī o ka ʻenemi.
Elk – holoholona, nona ka huluhulu i ka hoʻoilo ʻaʻole e lilo i mama wale nō, akā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 10 cm. A ma ka ʻāʻī a maloʻo ka ulu a ulu maikaʻi a pālua ia i ka ʻelua.
ʻO nā pepeiao o kēia mau mea, e hoʻololi ana i nā wai āpau i kēlā me kēia puna. I ka wā mua, he ʻoluʻolu a palupalu, uhi ʻia me ka ʻili, hiki ke koko i ka wā i hoʻopōʻino ʻia a ʻeha i nā maʻi o nā palaʻai. Hoʻoikaika lākou, lilo i mea ikaika a ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻOi aku ka makua i kēlā me kēia, i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona mau pepeiaohao. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani mua ka mea i kū mua i ka moose hoʻokahi makahiki. I ko lākou wā ʻōpio, he mau pūliki liʻiliʻi wale nō lākou. ʻO ka lei i like ma nā pākeke kahiko he pālahalaha pālahalaha ākea, i kapa ʻia he pala. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōnaehana i kēia hoʻokumu.
I ka wā o ka makahiki, lilo ka pala i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika, a me ka nui o ke kaʻina o nā hana, ʻoi aku ka ʻumikumamāwalu, ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa. No laila, ma ka ʻano o nā pu i hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā makahiki o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka pau ʻana o nā "lei aliʻi" kahiko e hoʻomaka i Nowemapa a me Dekemaba. I ka wā anu, he pono ʻole ka moose e pono ai iā lākou, akā, wale nō, ʻo ke ʻano paʻakikī, hoʻoweliweli i ko lākou neʻe ʻana, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ka ola i nā manawa paʻakikī.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeiaohao e nā kāne ʻaʻole no ka palekana, akā e hoʻowalewale i nā wahine a me nā ʻona noʻonoʻo i nā hoa hoʻokūkū, lawelawe ʻia he ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ikaika kāne a me ka hanohano. I ka wā e lūlū ai, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka nui o nā hormones kaomi i ke koko o nā holoholona, ma muli o kēia, ua pau nā mea i ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o nā iwi, a hāʻule nā pū. Kēia lilo ʻole o ka hōʻeha a me ka hopohopo, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ia i kahi moose. Hōʻike maoli nā mea a pau.
ʻO kēlā mau mea nani, he poʻe ia o nā ululāʻau, ke noho mau nei i nā alahele a me nā kuahiwi mauna, a ke kiaʻi nei ia ma nā wahi āpau o ke kula lāʻau. Makemake lākou i nā wahi nahele me nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, makemake lākou e hoʻonoho i nā wahi pāpū.
ʻAʻole lākou iʻike i ke aloha no ka neʻe ʻana, a no laila ʻike pinepine lākou e neʻe i kēia wahi a hiki i kahi wahi, ke ʻole lākou e ʻimi e koho i nā wahi hoʻoilo ma ʻilo a i ka hoʻoilo wale nō. I ke kauwela, i ka nui o nā meaʻai, makemake nui ka moose e hele wale, akā, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e ola ai, hui pū ʻia i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi a me nā bipi.
ʻAiʻa ʻōlo ʻaʻole ia i ʻāpono ʻia e ke kānāwai, akā hiki wale nō me nā palena o kekahi. Loaʻa loa kēia noho hana, ʻoiai he laha loa i nā makahiki he hala. ʻAʻole wau e ʻōlelo, he pono ka hoʻoikaika, ʻenehana a me ke ahonui, akā naʻe, no ka mea, he ʻano leʻaleʻa, ʻo ia ka pili ʻana i ka pelekane.
ʻAi ʻai he ʻono ona ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano, akā, no nā kumu he nui, i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kekahi mau kuhikuhi, kēia ʻaha, kahi hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mole momona a me ka puaʻa, a ʻike pū ʻia nō hoʻi e ke kino, ʻike pinepine ʻia e nā kauka no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano leʻaleʻa maikaʻi he nui i hana ʻia, nā meaʻai a pau a me nā mea i hoʻomoʻi ʻia.
Hoʻohālike ʻia ka moose iho i kahi ʻano maluhia a ʻoluʻolu loa. Ma ke ala, e maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka holoholona. Ke hana nei kēia, lawa ia e hānai i ka bipi keiki hihiu, a hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia ke aloha aloha i ke kanaka, ʻo ia, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻia o ka mea maopopo, hiki iā ia ke noho no ke ola.
He mea maikaʻi loa ka Moose no ka poʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ka hana a me ka halihali ma ka sledges a ma ka lio, a hiki ʻoe ke loaʻa ka waiū mai ka moose.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Ma hea i ʻike pololei ʻia ai kēia ʻano o ka artiodactyls. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i loaʻa i ka sahat i loaʻa i ka Quaternary mua. Hāʻawi ʻia kona helehelena i ka Pliocene Upper a ua pili pū me nā mea pili kokoke - nā ʻĀpana ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi ʻano Quaternary, kahi e kūlike me ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka Pleistocene - ākea ākea elk.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ia ke kūpuna o ka moose, ka mea i loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini Lūkini. ʻO nā kūpuna o kēia ʻano, i ka helehelena e like me ka wehewehe o kēia wā, ua hālāwai i ka wā Neolithic ma nā pāpū ʻo Ukraine, lalo a Volga a me Transcaucasia, ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻEleʻele, ma Irlandia a me ʻEnelani, ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, akā ʻaʻole i hele i ka Balkans a me Apennines.
Wikiō: Elk
Noho ʻo Artiodactyls i nā wahi nui ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia hope, ua kū kahi kaʻili o ka lehelehe, akā ʻo nā hana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka heluna kanaka i alakaʻi ʻia i ke ala hou ʻo kehaty i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ululāʻau o Eurasia i ka Vosges a me ka waha o ka Rhine. Hiki i ka palena hema ma nā Alps a me nā Carpathians, ka hoʻopio ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻanuʻu ʻĀpana o Don basin, Western Transcaucasia, e hele ana i ka palena ʻo Siberia a hiki i ka ulana Ussuri.
Manaʻo nui ka holoholona i Norewai, Finland a me Suetena. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi a pau ma Rū ma ka ulu lāʻau, koe wale nō ʻo Sakhalin a me Kamchatka. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Mongolia a me ke kahawai o Kina. Ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika - ma Kanada. Huli ka poʻe i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka puni wahi holoʻokoʻa o US. Piʻi ka holoholona i ka helehelena. ʻEho nui loa ke poʻo a noho ma ka ʻāʻī ikaika. Mālama kona ʻenehana artiodactyl i ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi maloʻo hunchbacked.
ʻO ka nui o ka maka o ka maka i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ihu nui me ka hoʻolālā cartilaginous paʻakikī. Ua hele ʻo ia ma ka lehelehe o luna.
Paʻi nui nā pepeiao nui a kuhikuhi i ka luna. ʻO ka huelo ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka pepeiao. Hoʻopiha ʻo ia i ka papa lahilahi a aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma ka ʻāʻī a paʻa i kahi puka kūlike i kapa ʻia i kapa ʻia he pepeiao. Hoʻoulu ia i ka kāne a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 40 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 25 cm. E ulu ana ke pepeiao i nā makahiki ʻehā makahiki, a laila e hoʻomālamalama a lilo i māhuahua.
He aha nā meaʻai elk?
Nā kiʻi: ʻO Big Elk
Nui kēia mau ʻenehana artiodactyl pili i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana i nā lichens (ʻoi aʻe nā mea he Woody), ʻai i nā ʻōpū, ʻoi aku, ʻalohewa, mai ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanaka. Berries: cranberry, blueberries, ʻili lingonberry a ʻai pū me ka hua pua. I ke kauwela, mahalo i kona ulu kiʻekiʻe, ua ʻohi ʻo ia i nā lālā me kona mau lehelehe ikaika a piʻoki i nā lau mai lākou.
Makemake nui ʻo Sukhaty i ka ʻai i nā lau a me nā lālā:
No nā mea kanu ota, ka mea i aloha nui ʻia ʻo ka fireweed, e ulu nui ana i nā mālamalama - nā wahi punahele o ka artiodactyl. Ma kahi kokoke i loko o ka wai a me ka wai, ʻai ʻo ia i ka mākaʻikaʻi, nā wai līlū, nā pākolo hua manu, marigolds, sorrel, trawl grass, calamus, sedge, horsetail a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e ulu ana ma ka māka. I ka wā hoʻoili, ua loli kāna meaʻai, ʻai ka holoholona i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā lāʻau lāʻau, ʻai i ka ʻili o nā lāʻau.
Me ka nele ʻole o ka hānai, hiki iā ia ke nahu i ka ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā lālā ahi, maʻa mau i ka hapalua o ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pua nalo, aspen, raspberry, Birch, mauna abu, nā lālā buckthorn a hiki i 1 cm kūleʻa. ʻaoʻao kahi e ʻai ai a me nā ōlima.
I ka huina, aia nā:
- a hiki i 149 genera o angiosperms,
- 6 ka genera o nā mea hanaʻaleʻale, e like me ka pine, juniper, yew,
- ʻano ʻano liʻiliʻi (5 genera),
- laikini (4 genera),
- mauʻu (11 genera),
- algae, lākaʻi, kelp.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻo Evenki i kēia kumulāʻau lāʻau ʻenehole - "moot", a i ʻoleo - "ʻumi sikoa" no ka mea hānai i nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO kāna inoa maʻamau, ʻo "currents", makaʻu nā mea ʻimi superstory i ka hoʻohana.
I ka makahiki, hoʻopau nā mōmona i nā ʻehiku mau hānai, ʻo ia:
- ʻōpala - 700 kg
- nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā - 4000 kg,
- lau - 1500 kg
- mea kanu lāʻau - 700 kg.
I ke kauwela, hiki i ka lā kuahiwi ke piʻi mai 16 kg a 35 kg, a i ka hoʻoilo he 10 kg ia. I ka hoʻoilo, ua inu liʻiliʻi ka elk, a ʻai pinepine i ka hau, e pale ʻole i ka wela, akā i ke kauwela hiki iā ia ke huki i ka wai a i ʻole ka wai wai mai 15 mau minuke i hoʻokahi hola, aneane ʻole me ke kīpē ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Moose i ke kauwela
ʻAʻole akamai ʻo Sukhaty, makaʻu, hele mau ia i mua. I ke ola maʻamau, makemake nui nā mea kuʻi. Nalo nā kahele nahele i ka wahi ma kahi o ka hau ma lalo o 70 cm a hōʻiliʻili ma nā ʻaoʻao lūlū, kahiʻuʻuku ke kō. Ua kaumaha loa ka kaumaha a nalowale ka artiodactyl, ʻoiai e kōkua nā wāwae lōʻihi e lanakila ai i nā wahi hau.Hoʻokumu nā keiki moose ʻōpiopio i kēia ala o ka pākeke.
I ka wā e hānai ana, e kū ka holoholona, ʻai i ka meaʻai mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka honua, e hoʻāʻo nei e pālahalaha i kona mau wāwae, e kukuli i lalo, nā moose liʻiliʻi e holo pinepine ana. I ka pōpilikia, hilinaʻi nui ka holoholona i kona hoʻolohe a hiki i ka waʻa, ʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻilihune ʻole ʻole a ʻike ʻole i kahi mea neʻe ʻole. ʻAʻole i hoʻouka ʻia ka Moose e nā kānaka, aia wale nō i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa loa, i ka wā i hōʻeha a pale ʻia paha i nā ʻili.
I ka wā he rut, hana mau nā mammals. I ke kau anuanu, hoʻomaha lākou i ʻelima mau manawa i ka lā, akā me ka hau nui a i ʻole ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a ʻewalu mau manawa. I ka hana wela, ua hoʻohau lākou i ka hau, mai lalo kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ke poʻo, a moe wale no nā hola he nui. I ka wā paʻa o ka makani ikaika, ua hūnā ka poʻe ʻoaka lāʻau i nā palakala. I ka makahiki 30, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ʻo elk i nā mahiʻai kūikawā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana koa, a ua hoʻoikaika ʻia nā pū mīkini i nā pū. Ua aʻo lākou iā lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻolohe Finnish mai Lūkini a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona. Ua hopu ʻia nā holoholona nā leo o kahi kanaka ma kahi mamao o kahi kilomita.
I ka hoʻomakaʻana o Iune, ka hana o nā sahats i ka lā. Me ka hoʻonui nui o ka mahana a me ka puka mai o nā huahelu o nā hōʻaila a me nā gadflies, ʻoluʻolu nā artiodactyls i kahi anuanu, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi aniani a me nā mea inu liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio, ma nā wahi malū, nā pāpō, ma nā kapa wai wai. Ma nā wai pāpaku, moe nā holoholona i ka wai, i nā wahi hohonu e komo ai lākou i loko o ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻohe nā wai ʻauʻau, e hāʻule nā pōloli ma kahi pāpū, akā naʻe, a lohi ka lā, ala aʻe lākou a ʻimi hou i kahi mea hou.
ʻAʻole wale ka ʻōpio e hoʻomoe iā lākou, ke hoʻomanawanui ʻole ʻia ka wela e kēia mau artiodactyls, no laila i ke kauwela makemake lākou i ka hoʻomaha i ke ao.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kuhi: Elk me nā pū
Ma waena o nā ʻenemi nui o ka moose ka mea e kapa ʻia nā bears. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua hoʻouka lākou i nā artiodactyls i ke ala ʻana o ka wā hānau. Huli pinepine lākou i nā wahine hāpai a ʻae paha i ka moose. Mālama nā makuahine i nā cubs. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koʻikoʻi ka hopena o nā mea mua. I kēia ala, hiki i kahi kolohe ke pepehi i ka bea, a i ʻole kekahi ʻenemi
Makau nā poʻe kuʻi i ke kūʻē i nā pākeke, hana ia i pā a noho wale paha. ʻO nā pinepine pinepine mai nā mea hina hina, make nā pēpē. I ka hoʻoilo hau hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e mālama ka wili i ka poʻe akamai, ʻoiai ʻōpio. I ka ulu ʻino, i ka nahele ulu a i ka wā hoʻi e hoʻi mai ai ke anuanu, hiki i kahi hipa ke holo i kahi kao a i ʻole ka pākeke. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā kiʻi artiodactyls i ka lynx a i ʻole ka wīwī, e mālama ai i ka mea i hoʻopihapiha ʻia ma kahi lāʻau. Ke holo nei mai luna mai, nā mea i kau ʻia me ka ʻāʻī, hoʻopili i nā ʻalā.
ʻO ka mousle hōhā hōʻano ʻia, nā lio manuahi a me nā gadflies he mea hoʻonāukiuki loa. Hiki i kā lākou larva ke noho i ka nasopharynx. Me ka nui o lākou, ʻo ka paʻakikī ke kū ʻana no ka hanu, ʻōlohelohe ʻia ka mumm, ʻoiai ua paʻakikī ia ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, a make kekahi manawa. Mai nā kumulāʻau ʻōiwi manu i nā wāwae o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia nā maʻi ulia e hoʻopau ʻole ʻia.
Wahi a nā mea ʻike maka, aia he mau makahiki i ka wā i hoʻopilikia ʻia ai e nā ʻūlio, hele i ka hale me ka ʻole o ka huli ʻana i nā ʻīlio a i ʻole nā kānaka. Ua ninini ka poʻe noho o nā kauhale i ka wai ma luna o nā holoholona i ʻili ʻia, hoʻopiha ʻia me ka uahi, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopakele i nā mea a pau mai ka make.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Hoʻi: Animal Elk
Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka lehulehu o nā ʻano ka nui ʻōiwi i lalo mai ka kenekulia 19. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia hope, ua luku ʻia ka holoholona, a i ʻole a pau loa, i nā wahi he nui i loaʻa i ka mua, ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO nā papa kuʻuna i ka hunting, nā hana mālama e alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā wahi noho mua. Mai nā paikiki elk, nā kamelo a me nā pāpale holo lio, i kapa ʻia ʻo "leggings," ua kāʻili mua ʻia.
I ka hopena o 1920s, ma nā wahi he nui o Lūkia hiki i ka helu ʻana no ka helu ʻana ma mua o kekahi mau keneka. ʻO nā hoʻoholo e pāpā i ka lawaiʻa (koe wale ʻo Siberia) ka mea i hoʻomaka ai i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai i ka hopena o 30s. Pēlā hoʻi, lele nā holoholona i nā ʻāina hema ʻē aʻe, kahi i kū ai nā ululāʻau ʻōpio i nā wahi o ka hoʻopuni a me ka hanaʻino ʻana.
I ka wā nui o ka Kaua Patriotic War, ua emi hou ka nui o ka artiodactyls ma ka ʻEulopa o Rusia. I ka makahiki 1945, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka papa laʻa no ka hopu ʻana, a hoʻomaka ka hakakā kaua me nā ʻīlio hihiu. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā mea hina hina, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho o nā wahi mālama, ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka lawaiʻa laikini he mau mea kūpono e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona.
ʻO ka helu o nā wild wild wild ma ka wahi o ka RSFSR ka:
- i 1950 - 230 tausani,
- i 1960 - 500 tausani
- i 1980 - 730 tausani
- Ma 1992 - 904 tausani
A laila hoʻomaka ka hāʻule ʻana, a ma ka 2000 ka helu he 630 tausani kanaka hoʻokahi. Me kahi papa liʻiliʻi iki, i ka manawa like ma ʻAka Puhi. A he 1 miliona mau moose i noho ma ʻAmelika, 150 tausani ma Norewai, 100 mano ma Finlandia, a 300 tausani ma Suetena.Au kēia i nā ʻāina kahi i pau ai ka holoholona hihiu ma mua. Ua koho ʻia ka kūlana mālama mālama honua o kēia holoholona ʻo “ka minamina loa”.
Ma Lūkia, e like me nā poʻe loea, i ka nānā ʻana i ka makemake o ka ulu lāʻau, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka moose i 3 miliona, ʻoiai ko lākou helu he 700-800 mano. ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia holoholona me ka luku, pono ia e mālama pono i kona palekana a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā holoholona. Elk hiki ke noho pio ma ka noho ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai, ke kino, nā pu a me ka waiū.
Kāleka
ʻO ka melemele o ka elk i keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i ka ʻōpū ke kiʻekiʻe. E hoʻolilo maikaʻi ia i ka linta brown i lalo. Ke keʻokeʻo nā wāwae haʻahaʻa. I ke kauwela, eʻeleʻele ke kala o ka moose.
Loaʻa paha nā poʻe a pau e heluhelu i ka wehewehe o ka moose i loko o ka puke moʻoʻōlelo hoʻāʻo, he sax ka nui o nā antenn ma waena o nā momi āpau. Loaʻa kā lākou huakaʻi ma 180 cm a ʻo ko lākou paona he 20 kg. Aia ka pu i ka ʻūhā ākea a me ka puʻupuʻu ākea a me kahi kīʻaha pihi kaʻu, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kaʻina ʻumikumamāwalu. I nā holoholona o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana, ko lākou lōʻihi, a me ka nui o ka spade iho ʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka momona o ka moose, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona mau pu, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōhua, a ua pōkole nā kaʻina hana.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ulu nā pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi i nā keiki bipi moose. I ka manawa mua ua palupalu loa lākou, e uhi ʻia me ka ʻili maikaʻi a me ka lauoho silky. Ua kui ʻia nā pepeiaohao me nā kīʻaha koko, no laila ua hōʻeha lākou i kahi holoholona ʻōpiopio me ka mea ʻokiʻoki manuahi a kahe ʻia ka wā i hōʻeha ʻia. ʻElua mau malama ma hope, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pu, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke koko. I ʻelima mau makahiki, lilo a nui a kaumaha paha nā mea kikoʻī o kahi elk (antler): hoʻonui ka spade, a lilo ke kaʻina.
Ua papa ʻia ma ka Red Red Book?
Ua hoʻolako mākou iā ʻoe i kahi wehewehe pōkole o ka moose. ʻO ka Red Book, ʻaʻole nō, ua piha hou i kēia holoholona. Akā no ka mea e emi mau ana kona helu, pono e pale ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai nā poacher. Eia nō naʻe, ua helu ʻia ʻo Sukhaty i loko o nā ʻAkona ʻĀpuka Red o kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā republics, kahi ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o kāna helu. No ka laʻana, pili ʻia ka elk i loko o ka Red Book of Omsk region.
I ke kau wela
I ke kauwela, ke ʻano o nā ʻano o nā holoholona i ʻano like ʻole:
- Nā lau o nā kumulāʻau a me nā nāhelehele: aspen, lehu, lehu kuahiwi, maple, ʻākena manu.
- ʻO ka lau nahele nui e ulu ana ma umbrella e ulu ana i nā mea kuni a me nā kīhāpai: ahiahi, ivan tea, meadowsweet meadowsweet, nettle.
- Ke ulu nei nā mea kanu i kahi kokoke i ka wai a i nā kīwī paha: kahi mākaʻi ʻekolu mau lau, nā lilia wai, nā holo lio, keʻaila (ma ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela kauwela).
- ʻĀʻā pū.
- Kūpono a me nā hua o ka lingonberry, blueberry.
ʻO ke kauwela kekahi nui o nā meaʻai, akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia no ka hana pono ʻana o nā mea ola holoholona. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kumu o ka meaʻai i nā lālā, me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana o ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā holoholona Ma muli o ka nele o nā lālā i ka zoo, make ka nui o ka moʻo.
I ka hoʻoilo
I ka hapa mua o ka hoʻoilo, ʻai nā holoholona i nā lāʻau pohō a me nā mea kanu: nā ʻōpala, nā wīwī, nā pine, ka puʻu mauna. He pono linden a me ka alder. I ka lua o ka hoʻoilo, hānai lākou i nā conifers. ʻAʻole hele ka hele ʻana o ia mau ʻōhua ma muli o ka nele o nā ʻano ʻai kūpono, akā no ka pono o ke kino. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā pāʻina hoʻoilo no nā wana birch i loaʻa ka pōʻino.
Ke hoʻomake nui ʻole nā mea ʻole i ka olakino, ʻai nui nā holoholona i ka mauʻu. Pau lākou a hiki i 1 kg o ka mauʻu i ka lā. Ke noi nei i ka ʻai e koho ai ka moose i ka hoʻoilo, ua hele mai nā ʻepekema i ke kīpē ʻana he koʻo ʻoi ʻole ka kīpī. Makemake ʻo Sokhats i ka mauʻu, ʻoiai me ka nui o nā mea decidous a me ka coniferous i ka hānai.
Ma nā ʻāina hema, eʻai ana nā holoholona i ka ʻola lāʻau a me nā lichens. Ma ke ʻākau, hoʻāla ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā bipi ke ʻai, a hūnā ʻia ka laikini ma lalo o ka hau. Aia kekahi mau meaʻai ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo: huluhulu a me nā hua ʻona. Mai pale i ka wela wela, inu lākou i ka wai liʻiliʻi a mai ʻai i ka hau.
Hoʻaiho
Loaʻa ka moose ma ka ʻūleʻa ʻĀkau. Mahele ʻia ma Rūsia (mai nā Kola Penina a hiki i nā kaupaku ma ka ʻaoʻao hema), ma ʻEulopa (Finlandia, Norway, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, i nā ʻāina Baltic). Eia nō kekahi, noho lākou i nā ʻāina ʻAsia: ʻo ka Far East, Northern Mongolia a me ka ʻūlani hikina o Kina. Loaʻa ka holoholona i ka hapa taiga o Siberia, pololei a hiki i ka nahele-tundra. Noho lākou i ka USA: i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina, ma Alaska a ma Kanada.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ka makaʻu i ka nui o ka elk i hoʻopau ʻia, akā i ka kenekulia 19, ua hoʻopau loa nā holoholona e noho ana iā ʻEulopa. Mai ka makahiki 1920, ua hoʻomaka nā hana ikaika e pale i nā pinnacles a hoʻihoʻi i ko lākou poʻe kānaka ma ʻEulopa.
Mālama
Ma Lūkia, kahi e uhi ai nā wahi āpau i nā wahi ulu a me ka nahele-tundra. I ka hoʻoilo, noho nā holoholona ma nā nahele ulu liʻiliʻi o nā lāʻau spruce-deciduous, e koho ana i nā awāwa i pale ʻia e nā mauna. Ua pālahalaha ka ʻike o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau holoholona.
- i ke kauwela hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou i loko o ke kaaka tundra mau haneli haneli mau mile mai ke alo o ka nahele,
- i kekahi manawa, holo nā holoholona i nā kahakai o ke kai ʻākau,
- i ka hoʻoilo ua ʻauhele lākou i ka hema i ke ka nahele-tundra.
Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo manaʻo kaulana, he holoholona ʻo ka elk. Kuhi ʻia kēia manaʻo i ka manawa i pau iki ai kēia mau holoholona i ka wahi nui o ʻEulopa.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻona ʻokoʻa ma hope:
- Laau-ʻanuʻu - coniferous a i ʻole paha i ulu nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā māla, nā muliwai liʻiliʻi, nā kahawai. Ma ka nahele, makemake nui ka moose e hoʻonoho i kahi e ulu ai nā ʻōpiopio a ulu i kahi ulu - he mea punahele i ka moose. ʻAʻole noho kēia mau holoholona i nā ulu lāʻau me ka pohō nui ʻole, me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Maikaʻi ka moose e noho ma kahakai o nā loko a me nā muliwai, i loko o nā pā willow a sedge marshes.
- ʻO Lesotundra. Ua koho ʻo Moose i nā kumulāʻau birch a me nā kumulima no ke ola.
- Aia nā kaila o nā muliwai a me nā loko iʻa. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā kahakai me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa pinepine, ua koho ka moose i kahi ʻāina i uhi ʻia i ka birch shrub, pine, willow. Ua ʻai nā holoholona i nā mea kanu aku.
- Mountain taiga. ʻIke ʻia nā Sukhoi ma nā wahi me kahi mapu humuhū - nā awāwa ākea, nā puʻu a i ʻole nā puna wai me nā kumu wai. ʻIke ʻia ka moose ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1800-2000 m ma luna o ke kai, a ma Altai i nā kauā a me nā ʻāina pāmu - a hiki i 2200-2400 m.
ʻO ke koho i nā nohona ola e pono ai, e ʻimi ʻo kahi ell i kahi malu maikaʻi mai ka mea ʻino. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kumu i ke ola o ka holoholona. Ma nā wahi a nā kānaka a me nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai iā lākou, hūnā ka holoholona i ke ao i loko o nā māla palupalu marshy ulu ulu a coniferous ulu paha. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā moose ma laila.
Noho ka moose ma kēlā me kēia wahi no ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia no ka uluʻana o ka ola o ka holoholona a me kaʻoiaʻiʻo hiki iā lākou ke hele i kahi mamao liʻiliʻi no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka neʻe o ka sushi ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. I ke kau anuanu, hele a lele lākou ma kahi o nā wahi panikini mai nā wahi i ka uhi ai o ka hoʻoilo ma 70 cm. Ua nānā ʻia kēia kūlana ma Siberia, nā Urals a me ka Far East. I ka pūnāwai, e hoʻi ana nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi. I ka hoʻoilo, noho mau ka moose ma nā awāwa e pīhoihoi ana, no ka mea ua ʻoi aku ka leheʻe o ka hau.
Kanikau
I loko o ka holoholona hihiu, heʻuʻuku nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a ka poʻe mae. ʻO kona nui a me kona ikaika e hoʻowalewale i nā poʻe kikoʻī liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻūlū wale nō (grizzly a brown paha) a me nā ʻīlio hihiu ke hōʻoki iā lākou.
Makemake ʻo Bears i ka hopu ʻana i nā wahi ʻāpana kahi nui o ka hau. Ke waiho nei lākou i ka lua a mālama i ka moose, a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo i ka mea ʻikupua i nā mākā maoli pākia ke pale i ka moose mai ka hakakā ʻana i kona mau mokulele. Hōʻea ʻo nā puʻuwai ākea, i kekahi manawa e alualu lākou i nā ʻōpala i ka pahu hau hoʻoilo no nā mau hola he nui. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ʻana ka huakaʻi a me ka moose ʻōpiopio. Hōʻalo loa ka wahine. ʻO ka moose e hakakā i ka oso ka mea hōʻeha a pepehi paha iā ia me nā puhi ʻana o nā hooves.
Makemake nā wolves i nā hana hopu manuahi ʻokoʻa. Ua koho lākou i nā wahi ma laila he liʻiliʻi hauā, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hiki i nā moose ʻōpio ke kahiki i loko o ka hoʻoilo hohonu. He mea paʻakikī i ka ʻīlio e hoʻouka i ka pākeke, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hana maʻalahi me nā hooves. ʻAno wale nō, ʻaʻole anuanu ka ʻikepili. Hōʻeu ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu e nā ʻohana, e hele mai ana mai hope.
Hoʻopilikia i nā mea hōʻemi liʻiliʻi i nā holoholona i hōʻeha a hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā holoholona a i ʻole nā moose ʻōpio. ʻO ke kāne nui no ka moose. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua ʻimi nā kānaka i ka moose no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili.