ʻO ka iʻa gambusia maʻamau ka hiʻohiʻona ʻano ākea. Hōʻalo ʻia nā palahā nā dorsal a me caudal me nā wahiʻeleʻele he nui. Hoʻomaopopo nā wahine i nā mea a pau i nā guppies kaulana, ulu a hiki i 70 mm ka lōʻihi a hiki i kahi paona o 3,5 gr. I ka wā hāpai, ʻike ʻia kahi wahiʻeleʻele kokoke i ke anal anal.
He hina ke kino o ke kāne, me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele inconspicuous o ke kala he ʻilihune lākou i ka lōʻihi o nā wahine, ulu nui a hiki i 30 mm ka lōʻihi, a loaʻa ka nui o nā manamana ma mua o 0.4 grama. ʻO ka loea anal i lilo i kahi gonopodia lōʻihi, hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi i ke kiʻi.
ʻAʻole ola kēia mau iʻa kupanaha ma mua o 2 mau makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki maʻamau o nā wahine. He viviparous lākou a hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻeono litters i ka manawa mahana me nā haki ma waena o hoʻokahi mahina.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o kahi mea hele liʻiliʻi - Gambusia
ʻO ka gambusia ika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e noho nei ma nā moku o Indiana a me Illinois, kahi i noho ai ʻo ka waiʻo Missouri, a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai hoʻi. Ua lilo kēia ʻāina i ka kahakaha no ka hooneʻe ʻana o kēia ʻano hana hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻole a puni ka honua.
I hiki i kēia manawa i loko o kekahi mau'āina i manaʻo ʻia ka gambusia maʻamau e like me ke ʻano he invasive, a ua papa aku ke aupuni o Ausetalia i ka mālama a kūʻai aku aku ʻia, no ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻolaʻenehana o nā kōna ʻala kūloko. Akā pale kēia i ka lehulehu o nā ʻāina he nui mai nā maʻi maʻi o ka malaria, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka ʻoka.
Pehea i kōkua ai ka gambusia i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi?
Pākuʻi ka iʻa o kēia mau ʻano i nā larvae a me nā poka o ka namu, ʻo ka hana ikaika ia e hana nei i loko o nā wai o ka wai me ka wai kūpaʻa a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā lāʻau kūpono ʻole. No ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka pōpilikia malaria, no ka manawa mua ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana iā lākou i USA, i ka mokuʻāina o Kaleponi. A mai ia wahi, ka iʻa ʻo ka gambusia, i loaʻa koke ai ka kaulana, ua lawe ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
- No ka makahiki 1921, ʻo ia ka makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna acclimatization ma Sepania, 1922 - ma Italia.
- ʻAʻole liuliu, hoʻonui ʻia kēia ʻano ulu i loko o nā lua o kēia mau ʻāina ʻelua, no ka mea ua pau nā maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, a ma hope mai i hōʻā wale ʻia ka maʻi.
- Mai nā awa Palani, ua hele ʻo Gambusia i Hawaiʻi a me Filipina, i ʻAmelika a me Palestine.
ʻO Kauka Rukhadze N.P., i ia manawa ke poʻokela o ka Abkhaz Tropical Institute i ka makahiki 1925, lawe mai i kahi mea hakakā'ē aʻe e pili ana i ka malaria i ka ʻāina o USSR. Ma laila, hele ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi heleʻoihana ma ka Microbiological Institute o Roma, i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻōlelo ʻItalia i ka hakakā ʻana me ka malaria, a ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahine hānai o gambusia a me kekahi mau kāne ma ka nui o 240 mau ʻāpana. No ke ala, ʻo ke kūlanakauhale o Sukhumi, i hōʻea i 153 mau kope.
Ua kūleʻa ka hoʻokolohua ʻana ma ka moku me nā hua ʻoka me kekahi loko liʻiliʻi a hala mau makahiki, a i ʻelima mau makahiki ma hope mai, i nā wahi kipa he nui o Abkhazia loaʻa ʻo Kusia. Mahalo wale i ko lākou hele ʻana, ma ka makahiki 1950, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 1930, ua emi ka nui o nā hihia o ka maʻi maʻi ma ka iwakālua mau manawa. ʻOiai ma nā wahi i hala ma mua o 50% o ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia maʻi, ua hoʻomaka ka hōʻike ʻana iā ia iho i nā hihia kaawale.
Ma hope o ka gambusia maʻamau i holomua loa ai ma Abkhazia, hoʻomaka ka mea e hoʻopuni hou ʻia ma nā wahi a pau o USSR kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā hōʻeha o ka maʻi maʻi: Adjara, East Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Crimea, North Caucasus, South Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan a me nā mea he nui. hai aku.
E noho anei ʻo gambusia i nā manaolana o ke Kuhina Kūʻai o Georgia a me ke poʻo o Sochi?
Ma ka pūnaewele http://sputnik-georgia.ru/ i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai o kēia 2016, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e hoʻomaka ana ka laha ʻana o gambusia i loko o nā kahawai a me nā loko ma ka hikina hikina o Georgia. ʻO ke kumu o ka hanana ʻo ia ka pale ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pōpoki e pā mai i ka maʻi Zika.
Ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo Gambusia ma Tbilisi i loko o Lake Turtle. Wahi a ke Kuhina Kūʻai ʻo Georgia: "He mea pale ʻia kēia hanana i ka hakakā ʻana me nā kao." Hoʻomanaʻo ke Kuhina i kēlā mau makahiki i hala, ua hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻo Gambusia i nā ʻūlū maʻi.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu o ka hoʻoulu kālā gambusia e ola hou ana i kēia lā ma Sochi. E nānā i ka wikiō me ka hōʻike.
Pehea ka poʻe i ʻike ai i ka pono o ka gambusia ma ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi?
Ua mahalo nui ka poʻe o kekahi mau ʻāina o kēia honua i kēia iʻa no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka malaria no laila ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea i laila. Hoʻokū ʻia nā waihona ma Corsica, ma ʻIseraʻela a me Adler.
Ua kaulana ka mokuʻo Adler o Sochi no ka mōʻī o Gambusia, kahi palapala hoʻolālā i hoʻokumu ʻia e Anatoly Medvedev, kamaʻilio o ke kūlanakauhale. I kekahi mau makahiki, ua huki ʻo ia a puni nā paepae o ke keʻena o ke kūlanakauhale me ka manaʻo e hoʻokumu i kahi monumona, akā ʻaʻohe kālā i loko o ka waihona kālā o Sochi.
A laila ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e ʻimi no nā mea kākoʻo a ʻaʻole e nalowale, - ka lehulehu o nā cafe a me nā hale kūʻai i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kālā pono. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka nui, ʻaʻole iʻai wale ʻia ka iʻa keleawe he 240,000 rubles. A i ke kauwela o 2010, ua kiʻi ka gambusia keleawe i kahi o ka hanohano i ke kūlanakauhale o Adler.
A ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi mea kahiko ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Abkhaz of Local Lore, kahi i kiʻi mua ai ʻo Gambusia ma Sukhumi i ka makahiki 1925.
ʻAno hānau
Ua hele mua kēia ʻano i ʻEulopa i kahi iʻa aku ʻia. I ka hoʻopio ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka gambusia i loaʻa i kā mākou waiwai. ʻOiai i kēia lā ʻoi ʻole nā iʻa o kēia iʻa ma muli o ko lākou mau mākaʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e ke ʻike ʻana i nā kiʻi o ka gambusia.
He mea kupaianaha nō naʻe, ʻoiai ke pālahalaha nui loa ʻana lākou i ka nahele, manaʻo ko aquarist i ka gambusia kekahi o ka paʻakikī loa e hoʻōho i waena o nā mea ola ola.
I mea e loaʻa ai kāu hua mai kāu mau holoholona, pono ʻoe e hahai i kekahi mau lula:
- No kēlā me kēia kāne, pono i ʻekolu a ʻehā mau wahine, me ka manaʻo e pale i kēlā me kēia i kā ka hoʻokūkū nui, e alakaʻi ana i nā ʻano ʻaoʻao like ʻole.
- Ma muli o ka hiki i ka gambusia wahine ke hōʻole i ka hānau keiki ʻana i mua o ka hoʻoweliweli, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi ipu i ka manawa kūpono, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne o nā ʻano like like ʻole i ka hoʻoweliweli like ʻole i loko o kahi hale kūʻai.
- Pono ka wai o ka wai no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana mai 23 a 28 ° C.
- Ma hope o nā milo wahine, pono e haʻalele ʻia i ka palaoa, no ka mea hiki iā ia ke ʻai iā lākou.
- Pono e hānai ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka meaʻai maloʻo me ka mea ʻai e pono ai ka ʻai - nā microworms, naupilia o ka brine shrimp a pēlā aku.
Ka kūlike me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe
ʻO Gambusia, ʻo kāna kiʻi e hōʻike nei iā mākou i kekahi iʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia nō kekahi mea ʻinoʻino. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā loina o ka iʻa palu, a me nā ʻano lāʻau me nā lōʻihi lōʻihi. E hele maikaʻi wale mai ʻo Gambusia me nā cardinals, a me nā mea moliki a me nā Sumatran.
Hiki iā ʻoe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e ulu iʻa i ka monoculture. ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻalahi, e like me kekahi mau aquarists e nānā nui ia i loko o ka hale akuʻa i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻeleʻele me hoʻokahi algae hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, he hygrophilic. Akā ʻoiai ma ka monoculture ʻaʻole pono kekahi o ka gambusia ka nui ma ka aquarium, no ka mea, inā he overpopulation, e lilo lākou i ka kūwaho a me kekahi.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Gambusia ma ke ʻano
He ʻāua ikaika ʻole ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui wela mai ka 1 a 40 ° C, ka wā i ka wā i ka wā o ka mahana o ka wai e hoʻopuni ʻia ana ma lalo o 10 ° C a lilo i mea ikaika loa i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai ka nui o nā lālī ma ka wai. He nui ka ʻike o ka laupaʻi gambusia ma Sochi i ka mālama ʻana i kēia ʻano a ʻōlelo aku nā poʻe loea e hiki i ka iʻa ke ola e noho wale ma ka honua, akā i ka wai paʻakai, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakai ma mua o kekahi mau kai.
He aha kekahi mea e ʻai ai ka iʻa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a ma ka hale kai
ʻO ka mea ʻai kūlohelohe o gambusia he mau iniketi a me kekahi mau ʻano algae. Kani ʻia kēlā me kēia gambusia i ka 100 o nā huaka o ka malaria ma ke ao.
E like me ke ola ma loko o ke kaikini, a laila ʻo kaʻai o ka iʻa e komo me:
- Mea hānaiʻai.
- Noho ola a ʻōlohelohe - Artemia a me Daphnia, koko a me ke algae.
E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO Gambusia affinis a maʻamau paha kekahi o nā mau iʻa e noho nei ma ʻAmelika Hema, i paʻa i nā pale o nā hale kūʻai holoholona.
ʻO ka wahi hānau o ka iʻa, ʻo ka muliwai ʻo Missouri a me nā kahawai a me nā muliwai liʻiliʻi o nā moku o Illinois a me Indiana. Mai laila, ua pālahalaha aku a puni ka honua, ma muli o kāna ʻano unpretentiousness.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻānō ʻo kēia ʻo Gambusia he ʻano nui i loko o kekahi mau ʻāina, a i loko o Ausetalia ua haʻalulu nui ʻia ke kaona o nā waiwai kūloko, a ua papa ʻia no ka kūʻai aku ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe, e kōkua ana i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea pōkole o ka maʻi malaria ma ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā namu
ʻAe, maikaʻi loa kā lākou haku ʻana i nā mea loea iā ia! Loaʻa ka Hale Pūnaewele Gambusia i hoʻokomo ʻia ma Adler ma ʻIseraʻela a me Corsica.
ʻO keʻano
Mālama ka liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa aʻa i loko o ka aquarium, ʻo nā wahine he 7 cm paha, liʻiliʻi nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka nui o 3 cm.
ʻO waho, he like ʻole ka iʻa, ua like nā wahine me nā ʻalā guppy, a hina nā kāne, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻili o ke kino.
Pili ka ola i nā makahiki 2, me nā kāne e noho ʻokoʻa ana ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālamaʻana i ka gambusia ma ka aquarium. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka wai o ka wela haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka wai me ka paʻakai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻAe lākou i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wai, maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka wai, a me ke loli ʻana.
Hoʻokomo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona iā ia iʻa kūpono no nā poʻe hoʻomaka, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki i ka pilikia ke pepehi iā ia. He kaumaha naʻe ʻo ia e hui pinepine ai.
ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā gambusias i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā loko, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka hale hoʻokoe home no ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka namu. P
ʻAʻole lākou e koi i ka nui, ua lawa ka 50 lita, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i nā kēwa ākea ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā mea e like me kahi kānana a i ʻole me nā mea wai nui, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoulu ʻia. E hoʻomanaʻo wale, he mauʻaʻai viviparous kēia, a inā ʻoe e kau i kahi kānana o waho i loko o ka hale kaʻa, e lilo ia i mea e paʻa no ka palaoa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i loko, me ka ʻole o ka casing, me ka lole ʻauʻau hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono no nā kikoʻī: pH 7.0-7.2, dH a hiki i 25, ke kiʻekiʻe wai ka wai 20-24 20 (e hoʻolilo i ka mahana o ka wai a hiki i ka 12 С)
Hānai
Ke kūlohelohe nei lākou, ʻai nui lākou i nā pepeke, a me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻai kanu. I hoʻokahi lā, hiki i hoʻokahi iʻa ke luku i nā haneli o nā mea maʻi malaria, a ma nā pule he ʻelua mau kālā ʻoi aku ia.
ʻAi ʻia nā mea ʻai ʻele a maloʻo a i ʻole nā mea ola i loko o ka aku hale home. ʻO kā lākou punahele punahele he koko koko, daphnia a me artemia, akā ʻai lākou i kekahi meaʻai āu e hāʻawi ai iā lākou.
I ko mākou kaiāulu, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka ʻōpala o nā pōpoki malaria (kahi āu e hōʻino ʻole ai), akā hikiwawe ka maʻi koko. He kūpono no ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēlā me kēia mau manawa a me ka hānai i loaʻa ka fiber.
Hoʻaiho
E puka mai nā wai waiʻu o ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, a palahalaha loa ma nā wahi āpau. Ua komo ma loko o nā pūnaehana wai, kahi i noho ʻole ai ia i mua, i mea e hakakā ai i nā pepeke wai koko. ʻO Gambusia me ka leʻaleʻa e ʻai i nā koʻi meao.
Nā Palahi Iʻa:
- ʻOkoʻa - 3 - 6 cm.ʻaʻai - kekahi
Kamaipono / hānai
ʻO ka iʻa koʻikoʻi maikaʻi, no ka hakilima ʻaʻole pono i ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau kūlana kūikawā. Hōʻike mau ka hua i nā manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma ka manawa o ka punelā, aia nā hua lulu i loko o ke kino o ka iʻa, a ua ʻā ʻia ua ʻoki i loko o ka mālamalama. Ua hoʻolālā kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka evolutionally, ʻo ia ka palekana o ka hua. ʻAʻole hōʻike nā mākua i ka hopohopo no ka uka, akā e hoʻouka aku iā lākou inā ʻaʻole lākou mālama i ka holo i ka palu. Hōʻalo ʻia nā Juveniles e waiho i loko o kahi pahu kūʻokoʻa. E hānai i ka meaʻai micro, artemia, etc.
ʻO ka mea nāna e hoʻopunipuni - gambusia
ʻO Gambusia (lat.Gambusia affinis) he iʻa lawaiʻa ola hou, i kēia manawa i loaʻa ʻole ke kūʻai aku ma ka kūʻai ʻana aku, a he maoli nō i loko o nā ʻukena mehana.
Nui nā ʻano like o ka gambusia, ʻo ke komohana ke kūʻai ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina, ʻo Holbourk ka gambusia (lat. Gambusia holbrooki). ʻO kēia ʻatikala ka hoʻomau mau o ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ka iʻa viviparous poina.
ʻO ke kuleana o Gambusia ma ke hakakā me ka maʻi maʻi maʻi
ʻOiai ʻo Gambusia ma ka honua ke kaulana i ka iʻa o ka Mīloa: no ka hoʻāhewa ʻole ʻana i nā kūlana paʻa, he ʻāpono ia i hoʻokele ʻia nei - he kōkua kōkua i ka pau ʻana o nā ʻokipiki, a me kahi mea maʻi. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, hoʻomaka nā luna o kēia moʻomeheu e pu a paʻapū a puni ka honua e pale i ka maʻi maʻi o ka maʻi maʻi, kahi mea lanakila nui. No ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā ola he nui, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Gambusia i kahi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe - ma kona hanohano, ua kūkulu ʻia nā māka ma Sochi, Corsica a me ʻIseraʻela.
Akā ma loko o Australia, ua hoʻokomo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Gambusia i loko o ka ʻepekema i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Manaʻo ʻo Mr. Tail: nā waihona waihona aku
Nā kūlana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana iā Gambusia i ka aquarium:
- Leka Tank: mai 50 l, ma ke kikoo o 5-8 l o ka wai ma kēlā me kēia. Mai hoʻonoho i kahi kuhina palupalu ma luna, aʻo ia e alakaʻi i ka make o ka iʻa.
- Paʻa ʻona: ke kāohi + 20 ... + 25 ºC, waikawa 6.0-7.0 pH, a hiki i 25 dH.
- Ma muli o ka iʻa e pili ana i ka filtration a auction
- Kuhi: nā pōkole liʻiliʻi o nā pebbles a i ʻole ke one kahawai kahe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia, aia ʻo Gambusia e peʻe ana i ka lepo, a no laila e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea me nā kihi ʻihi a iʻa paha.
- Hāpai: nā mea kanu me nā lau laulā paʻakikī.
- Mālamalama: medium.
- Kakahu lole: nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ākea nui no ka manu manuahi no ka ʻoihana holoholona.
Nā maʻi ʻona
ʻO ka ika ikaika ʻo Gambusia, kahi iʻa hoʻoneʻe i ka maʻi. Me nā kiʻi iʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonā i nā pilikia no ka mea nona. I nā hihia loaʻa pinepine paha, hiki mai paha nā maʻi ʻālaʻi parasit, ka mea maʻamau i loko o ka mea kanu i ka wā e kanu ai i nā mea kanu a hoʻomaka i nā iʻa hou e kū ʻole ʻia. I kēlā kūlana, e hoʻopili ʻia ka paʻakai ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole nā mākau aku a me ka aku i loko o ka wai aku.
ʻO Gambusia kekahi iʻa kūpono, ʻaʻole nui loa nā lā e noho nei i nā koina home. E uku ʻia ka helehelena maʻalahi ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka makua, e ʻae ana i kahi mea hou e mālama pono ʻia, ka mea i manaʻo ʻole i ka aquarium.
Hoʻomau
ʻO ka viviparous liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka viviparous ka mea maʻamau i loko o nā mea kanu home. No kēia ʻohana ka ʻohana Petsiliev, ke noho nei i loko o nā wai wai liʻiliʻi a maloʻo iki. ʻElua mau ʻano o ka gambusia i ʻike ʻia - ke komohana a me ka hikina, akā ʻo ka mea mua wale nō ka mea i ʻike i loko o nā hale kūʻai a, aia wale kekahi manawa, ma nā ʻumekola home.
ʻO ka inoa o ka iʻa ma Latin ka Gambusia affinis. ʻOkoʻa ka Gambusia i ka ʻano paʻakikī, gluttony a me ke ʻano paʻakikī.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo makuahine o Gambusia ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā moku ʻākau o ʻAmelika, Mexico a me ke Komohana o Mexico, ʻo ia hoʻi ke awāwa ʻo Missouri, Indiana a me Illinois a me nā kahawai. Ma kēia mau wahi o ka Gambusia e noho ana i nā ʻāina lepo me nā lau algae. Ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka noho ʻana o kēia mau iʻa i kēia manawa, a ke ola nei lākou i nā kino wai wai ma mua o 60 mau ʻāina o ka honua. Maʻalahi loa ka iʻa, nāna i alakaʻi i ko lākou ʻāina nunui.
ʻO ka Gambusia maʻamau ʻo ia kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi me ka elongated a me ke kino pōkole, ka mea e like me kahi cylinder ma ke ʻano, a me nā manu kīwaha ʻole. Hoʻonaninani nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, he ʻeleʻele nui, ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā maka, nā waha liʻiliʻi a me nā niho heʻe. I uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi nui, kokoke ka hope dorsal kokoke i ka caudal.He hina hina a ʻulaʻula paha ke kala kino kino nui, me kahi pua ʻala ma nā ʻaoʻao. I ke kino o nā kāne, he mau ʻeleʻele ka nui, ʻo ka huluhulu o kekahi o kekahi me ka hue ʻulaʻula. He kapa ʻili loa nā wahine o gambusia me nā hōʻailona ʻole o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā guppies.
I nā kūlana hōʻoluʻolu, hiki i ka Gambusia ke ola i nā makahiki ʻelua ma mua aʻe o 2 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka kāne ke noho ana ma mua o kēia manawa.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka gambusia ʻo kā lākou ʻai ʻana i nā namu kalaria. Ma muli o kēia, hoʻomaka ka hoʻonā ʻia o ka iʻa ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
Hiki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻo Gambusia ke kapa maluhia i nā mea nui maoli o ka manuahi, ʻoiai kēia mau iʻa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā ʻano o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻaʻole koi i ka mālama.
Akuula
E hoʻolelima mau kāne i ka Gambusia i nā pahu i kahi meakona he 10 lita a i ʻole. No kahi helu nui o nā kanaka, kūʻai ʻia kahi pahu aku o 40-50 lita. Hiki i ke ʻano o ka mea i loko o ke kaiāulu ke ʻano - i ka ʻāwili a i ʻole ka pōʻai, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi i koi ʻia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho i ka hoʻopulapula o ka aquarium ma ke noi o ka mea nona. ʻAʻole pono ia e hoʻokomo i kahi mea hoʻopihapiha a me kahi kānana i ka home o kēia mau iʻa.
E hoʻopiha i ka aquarium me gambusia, e hoʻohana i ka wai i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī a me ka neʻe kokoke loa. Manaʻo ka maikaʻi o ke mālama pono i ka gambusia ma ke ʻano he 20-24 kiʻekiʻe. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, hiki i ka Gambusia ke noho i loko o ka wai anuanu, akā inā hāʻule ka wela i ka 10 tikana, hele ka iʻa i ka ʻōpū, e hālei ana i ka lepo.
Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokahe i ka nui o ka paʻakai i ka wai (kai a i ʻole ka kīʻaha maʻamau me nā mea nui). ʻO kēia kahi pale maikaʻi ʻana i nā maʻi iʻa me ka hopena maikaʻi i ko lākou mālama pono.
Pēlā a me ka hoʻoluʻu
No ka gambusia ʻaʻole nui ka waiwai nui a ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻāina. Hiki i ka mea nona ka koho i ka substrate no ka uhi ʻana i ka lalo i loko o ka aquarium e like me kāna makemake aesthetic. Alue me nā lau paʻakikī a ua kanu ʻia i loko o ka ʻāina, i ʻole e ʻai ai ka iʻa. Nui nā mea kanu, akā loaʻa nā keʻena kūʻokoʻa i ka loko i ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
Pehea e hānai ai i ka Gambusia?
ʻO ka Gambusia he mauʻaʻai ʻē loa, e like me ka hapa nui o nā iʻa akuarium. ʻAe ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā ʻano kai like ʻole a me nā mea e pani ʻia. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ke koko, ka artemia, daphnia, nā aniani i nā ʻai a me nā mea i loaʻa i nā huaʻōlelo, a me ka pipi a me nā ʻāpana iʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia nā algae maloʻo a me nā leka i ʻoki ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea pono i mea kanu.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine?
ʻO nā poʻe heterosexual o ka gambusia, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻokoʻa loa i ka nui a me ke kala (e like me ka mea ma mua). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kāne pākēnē he 3-4 cm, ulu ka wahine a hiki i 7 cm. He ʻōlamalama ʻoluʻolu ke kāne, aʻo ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka nondescript. ʻO ka male anal fin ke hoʻololi ʻia i gonopodia.
Puhi a me nā maʻi maʻi
Hiki iā ia ma ke kino o gambusia ke kāula keʻokeʻo, e like pū me ka hulu hipa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia pilikia ka maʻi maʻi fungal. I kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā lemus keʻokeʻo ma ke kino o ka iʻa, nā mea i kū mai ma o nā huaka pathogenic.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau maʻi me ke kōkua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Poino
ʻEleʻele paha nā ʻūleʻele, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha i ke kino o ka gambusia ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā pūhui nitrogen ma ka aquarium. Inā hōʻeha nā ʻeha hōʻeha, pono ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia o ka wai i nā huahana kīnā, hoʻonui i ka average a hoʻololi i kahi hapa o ka wai. Inā hoʻomaka ka maʻi, hoʻomau i ka mālama lapaʻau.
Gula Gambusia
Holo Gambusia (Gambusia aurata) - he iʻa me kahi kino elongated a me ke poʻo i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. He melele ka kala nui, nui nā hemahema o ke kala ʻeleʻele i hohola ʻia ma luna o ka ʻāpana o ke kino. He kīwaha ʻeleʻele ka pale a me ke kua.
ʻO ka ʻĀina o ka iʻa ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻāpana hikina o ʻAmelika i ka ʻākau-hikina o ʻAmelika, brackish a me nā wai wai o loko o ʻAmelika, Hawaiʻi a me Mexico.
Kuba Gambusia
Kuba Gambusia (Gambusi punctata) i pau i ka mokupuni ʻo Cuba. He wahi elongated a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope, ke ana ka waha ma luna. ʻO ka hina hina nā kala nui, nā wahiʻeleʻele o nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ka mea e hoʻokumu ai i nā lālani 4-5. ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao i ka waihoʻoluʻu.
Noho ʻo ia ma nā wai hou me kahi papa mālie, i kekahi manawa i loaʻa i nā kahawai mauna.
Dominican Gambusia
ʻO ka Dominican Gambusia (Gambusia dominicensis) he iʻa liʻiliʻi me kahi kino brownish, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o lalo ka mea e māmā aku (mai ke aniani a ke keʻokeʻo) me nā uliuli uliuli. ʻO nā kala kala hōʻulaʻula mai ke kumu o ka paoa hope ma ka waena. ʻO ka ʻeke a me ka huluhulu ka ʻulaʻula me nā wahi pōkole.
Ma ka nahele, noho ka Dominican Gambusia ma ka Caribbean, Cuba, Jamaica a me ka Dominican Republic. ʻOi aku lākou makemake i nā kahe a me nā kahawai nā wai a me nā kahawai me ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai a me nā nui o nā mea kanu.
ʻO Nicaraguan Gambusia
ʻO Nicaraguan gambusia (Gambusia nicaraguensis) kahi kino elongated a hoʻopā ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao me ka muzzle kuhikuhi. Hiki ke kino mai ka brown brown a i ka hina me ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā lālani pōkole o nā hōʻuluʻulu pōʻeleʻele. Ma lalo aʻe o nā maka he wahi ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o kahi tapatahi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o nā wahiʻeleʻele ma nā dorsal a me nā peno anal.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, aia ma nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi e makemake ai ʻo ia i nā wai hou a koʻikoʻi paha i nā wai wai ʻole me ka wai nui.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
I kekahi mau'āina, ua koho ʻia ʻo gambusia i mea hoʻohana ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka namu ʻo ka maʻi malaria. Mai ka hapa mua o ka kenekulia 20, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau iʻa ka nui no ka luku ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma nā kahakai moana hema o Rūsia a me Ukraine. Ma 2008, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kino wai i kekahi mau moku o Kaleponi no kēia mau kumu, a ua emi nui ka nui o nā hihia o ka maʻi me kēia maʻi ʻeha.
Kūkulu nā poʻe kamaʻāina iā Adler, ʻIseraʻela a me Corsica i nā ʻaluna iā ia.
Ma Australia, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo, ua manaʻo nui ʻo Gambusia i ka hoʻōho o ka ʻona o ka loko o ka ʻāina a me nā awa. Hoʻokahi ka papa ma kā lākou mea kūʻai aku a me ka mālama ʻana.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hōʻike ma Gambusia hōʻano hou kiʻi wikiō.
ʻO ka mālama a me ka mālama maikaʻi o Gambusia
Inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike lōʻihi ʻia ka aquarium iā ʻoe, ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike, a laila ʻo ka Gambusia maʻamau ka iʻa e kūpono iā ʻoe. ʻO ka poʻe iʻa ʻole ʻia kēia mau iʻa, manaʻo lākou i loko o ka wai paʻakai poʻomaʻo a i ʻole wai kūwaho, ke ana wela e hiki ke ʻano nui ma luna o kahi ākea (12-32 degere).
Inā hāʻule ka mahana i ka 10 degere, e ulu nui ka gambusia i ka silt a i ʻole ka hibernate. ʻAʻole koi nā koi koʻikoʻi paha i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole nā ʻokoʻa kala i loko o ia mea. Maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i ka Gambusia e maʻalahi ka ʻoi ʻana ke maʻalahi. Hoʻopili ia i nā meaʻai maloʻo maʻamau, hiki i ka iʻa ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā kao lemona hou mai kahi papake e kokoke loa ana i ka hale.
Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ka spawning i ke kauwela ma kahi mahana wai ma kahi 18 a 22 mau kekelē. I ka wā hōʻuane, hiki i ka wahine gambusia ke hoʻopukapuka a hiki i ʻelima litters o ka pākī. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka gambusia he iʻa viviparous. Pono e kanu koke i ka ulu ʻōpio, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe malihini ka hapanui me nā pākeke. Pōmaikaʻi nā mākua e ʻai i ka pala. ʻElua mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua ulu pākī ʻia ke aniani.
ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau kala i kā ʻia i ka lau me ka laupa ʻala-hina. ʻO Gambusia i kahi manawa pōkole e hoʻopau i nā fins a pau, no ka mea he mea ʻino maoli kēia mau mea ʻala.
Ka kūlike me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e mālama ana i nā lula
ʻO ka Gambusia maʻamau ʻo ia kekahi mau iʻa iʻa e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i nā loina i ka iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻIke ʻo ka hemahema i ka iʻa me nā pōpoki lōʻihi a me nā mea e holo mālie - ʻaʻole ia e launa me ka guppies a me nā mea nānā. Kūpono punahele no ka affinis - nā baripi Sumatran, cardinals, mau lāʻau ahi. Ma ka pili i nā hoahānau, ʻano ikaika ka iʻa, no laila ʻaʻole pono e waiho i nā iʻa o kēia mau ʻano i loko o nā mea kanu aku. I ka wā hopohopo ikaika, piʻi ka iʻa i ka ʻāpana lepo.
Ma ka wahi kūlohelohe, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka Gambusia maʻamau i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu. Hiki i ka Affinis ke ʻai i nā haneli he mau lolo o ka maʻi malaria i kēlā me kēia lā; ma nā lā 14, e ʻai nei i kekahi mau tausani o kēia mau pōpoki. I loko o nā kūlana o ka hale home aku, ʻo kēia mau iʻa e ʻai i nā meaʻai me nā kahe koko, daphnia, artemia, coretra, cyclops, nā mea kanu me nā fiber (lettuce, dandelion, nā papa me nā mea kanu). ʻAʻole kūʻai lilo aku nā lolo o nā malaria i nā hale kūʻai, no laila e hala ʻole kēia ʻano meaʻai i ka meaʻai.
Mea ʻai
ʻOiai liʻiliʻi ka iʻa, akā predatory - ka meaʻai ola ka meaʻai kūpono, ʻoiai ma ke kumu ke ʻai i ka mea āpau. ʻO ka punahele punahele, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka larva o ka makika malaria, akāʻo ka mea makemake wale nō e kiʻi? Hiki i kekahi mea koho ke koko a i ʻole ka daphnia. ʻAi pū kekahi i nā meaʻai maloʻo. I kahi huaʻōlelo, he iʻa ʻano nui ʻole, ʻaʻole he kohu ...
ʻAe, aia maoli nā mea huna o kēia iʻa iʻa! No ka laʻana, ma Corsica a ma Rūsia, ma Adler. A pau ka mahalo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa i ka gambusia i ke kūpaʻa nei i ka ʻoihana "malaria" ma mua o ka make - e hoʻopau koke ʻia ana i ke koʻi o nā namia maʻi malaria. Akā no ka ʻike o kēia iʻa i loko o ka hale hoʻonaʻauao home ... no ke kaumaha, i kēia manawa ua nui iki ka iʻa, no ka mea he aloha nui ʻole ʻia. Akā ma ka lapuwale, ʻo ka Gambusia ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka aquarist hoʻomaka. Ma ka loaʻa ʻole ma ke ola a me ke ola ʻana, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi kekahi e hoʻohālikelike ai iā ia (koe wale nō kahi iʻa iʻa). I kēia manawa, nā mea mua:
Gambusia ma ka hihiu
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo i nā moku ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia, aia nō ia ma ka punahele ʻo Missouri a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi. ʻEkolu mau ʻano o kēia iʻa - hikina a i ʻole Holbourk gambusia, a me ke komohana. Ma aneʻa ʻaʻole ʻike maoli nā ʻano o ka hikina i loko o nā mea kanu, a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ke komohana i nā hale kūʻai holoholona. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ka Gambusia hihiu i nā ʻāina he nui, no ka mea he hana maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā namu a me nā kao. Ma Lūkia, no ka laʻana, ola kūʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa ma ka Terekia Krasnodar, ma ka ʻāina Sochi. Akā ma loko o ʻAmelika, ʻo ka iʻa ua "paʻa ʻole" ka mea lae i ka "ecology" o kekahi mau reservoirs a no laila ua pāpā ʻia no ke kūʻai aku a me ka ʻai.
Kāleka
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Gambusia kahi iʻa nani wale me kahi kāʻei nui. ʻO ka iʻa nondescript, kahi hewa ia e hūnā ... ʻoiai, ʻo ia ke ʻāpono ʻia no nā mea hoʻomaka e like me ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻouluulu. Ke ulu pinepine nei ʻo Gambusia ma mua o 6 cm, a no laila he mau wahine wale nō ia - ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne, ʻaʻole i piha i ka 3-4 cm. ʻO nā Gambusia wahine i paʻi ʻia i ka kala kala a hele aku hoʻi e like me nā wahine guppy. ʻO nā kamaʻilio he keu, he keokeo paha me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ko lākou mau kino. ʻAʻohe kala nā poli, kokoke like me ke aniani. Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha, akā me nā niho koʻikoʻi a ikaika.
Pahu noho Gambusia
Noho ka iʻa Viviparous ma Central, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano lāʻau i ka wai kai;
Aʻa ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻāpana i nā wahi:
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka acclimatization ma muli o ka loaʻa o ka gambusia ma ka hakakā me ke koikoi o ka maʻi anopheles maluhia, ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou pili, a kōkua pū nō hoʻi e lanakila i nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ke kaʻe melemele. ʻO ka mea ʻai ʻai, ʻo gambusia, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana o ke Kānāwai Sanitary, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka larvifag maikaʻi loa o nā wahi mahana. Ua hoʻokū ʻo ia i nā pali keleawe ma Adler, Israel a me Corsica no ke kōkua ʻana i ke kaua kūʻē ʻana i ka malaria.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o gambusia
Noho ka Gambusia affinis i loko o nā paʻi, he mau mea āpau a koʻikoʻi loa wale nō i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻopilikia i nā pōpoki a me nā hōʻeha i ka iʻa ʻohi. I ka moku'āina o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka makaʻu weliweli, ʻeli lākou i ka lepo. Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaumaha, hoʻololi ka wahine i ke kāne, ʻoi aku ka 4 i nā hebedoma e pili ana i kēia.
ʻAʻole ia e kuhikuhi e mālama iā lākou me nā ʻano lemu aloha e aloha ai, me kahi ʻano iʻa.
- iʻa ʻōpala
- turo wai
- nā duck a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
VIDEO GAMBUSIA
He aha ka mōʻī i hoʻonoho ʻia ma Gambusia?
ʻO Gambusia vulgaris (lat. Gambusia affinis) he iʻa lawaiʻa ola ʻo ka ʻohana Pecilieva. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻelua mau ʻano gambusia - Holbourka (hikina) a me ka affinis (komohana), ka mea hope e kūʻai ʻia aku i ka iʻa he lawaiʻa. ʻO ka hale kūlohelohe o Gambusia ma ke komohana ʻo nā wai wai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Missouri a me kāna mau kaʻi.) Ke lawe ʻia aku ka iʻa a ʻUulopa, ua wikiwiki koke ʻia me nā wai kūloko e kū nei i ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka loaʻa ʻole. ʻO kāna pōmaikaʻi nui ka hiki ke hana i nā namu malaria a me kā lākou kamaʻilio; ʻehā mau pōpoki ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pāāiʻi i kēia iʻa ma kekahi mau ʻāina!
Lele koke aku i ka ʻatikala
Nā hiʻohiʻona waho, ʻikepili
Kuhi ʻia ka Gambusia vulgaris e kahi kino liʻiliʻi - ʻo kona nui i hiki iā 3-7 cm ka lōʻihi. Ke ʻano ʻole o ke ʻano o ka iʻa, ua like nā wahine me ka guppies viviparous, ke kala o ke kaulike o nā kāne ʻili kālā, he lei-kala, a me nā manaʻo kuhi ʻole i ke kino. ʻAʻole lākou e ola lōʻihi - 2 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka dimorphism ka moʻo ʻana o kēia mau ʻano: he mau kenimika ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne; i ka wā huʻu, ko lākou ʻōpū me nā pua momona. ʻO ka huluhulu ʻo ka huelo o kahi kāne ʻulaʻula. Ma ka wā hāpai, ʻike ʻia ka wahine e ka hele ʻana o kahi wahi ʻeleʻele i ka wahi o ka anal fin.
E nānā i ka mea o ka gambusia maʻamau e like.
ʻOi aku lākou i ka holo nui o ka pīpī i loko o nā loko i mea e ʻohi ai i ka nui o nā kao i loko, akā, ma nā hale kanu hale he nānā maikaʻi lākou e like me ka iʻa iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokau ʻia ma loko o ka pahu wai o 50-80 pā a keu aʻe paha. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonoho i kahi kānana kūloko i loko o ka hale aku me kahi holoi aʻa ʻole me kahi kāmena; hiki i ka kānana o waho ke hopu i ka pī. Aila hoʻi e pono ai. Nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka ʻona wai: nā hāhuna 20-24 ° C, ka huhū 7.0-7.2 pH, paʻakikī - a hiki i 25 dH.
Pehea ka gambusia e noho ai i ka noho pio ʻana
He paʻakikī ʻo Gambusia affinisis e pua ma ka noho pio ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e halihali ana a hoʻopuka i ka palaoa ua mākaukau loa no ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Ke ulu a pā i ka palaoa, pono lākou e mālama pū ʻia me 3-4 wahine a hoʻokahi kāne. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia mai ke kāpili ikaika o ke kāne, a loaʻa i ka wahine i ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke waiho wale ʻia ʻo ia.
ʻO kekahi pilikia no ka hana hou ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hānau ʻana. He ʻano pilikino kēia o ka gambusia wahine e hana nei i kēia i ka hoʻoweliweli; i ka loko aku, hiki ke mai i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kāne. I mea e loaʻa ai i ka iʻa wahine ka hānau i ka pala, pono ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka aquarium i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, a i ʻole ka moku i ʻāpana ʻia i loko o nā ʻona a he ʻano kūʻoluʻu kona ʻāina. ʻO ke hopena, e hānau ai ka wahine i ka 100-200 pānaʻi, ma hope o ke kaʻina e pono ai i ka waiho ʻia. ʻO ka meaʻai Starter no nā pēpē - nā kinohi honu wahine, microworm, flakes mashed, mashed feed feed fodder. E ulu wikiwiki ʻo Gambusia.