Ramforinch - "" ihu e like me ke kui. "
Ka manawa paʻa: ʻO ka manawa Jurassic - e pili ana i 160-140 miliona mau makahiki.
Kaulana: ʻO nā Pterosaurs
Kiʻi papa: Ramforinha
Kālā:
lōʻihi 0.4 m
kiʻekiʻe 0.3 m
kaupaona 3kg
ʻAno Hoʻohui: ʻO ka iʻa, Lechinki, nā hua manu
Kihi: 1847, ʻEnelani
Ramforinh - pterosaur o ka wā Jurassic. Ua puka hou mai nā pterosaurs hou i loko wā triassic. ^ E Ha yM. I ʻOkiʻoki Ua lilo nā pterosaurs i mōʻī maoli o ka lewa. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo koʻikoʻi o nā papa ʻaina lele e lele nei hu hulu hipa. ^ E Ha yM. Holo aku lākou me ke kōkua o kahi ʻili kino i hoʻopau ʻia ma waena o ka manamana lima lōʻihi o ka lima a me nā iwi o ka ʻōmole. Ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea lele maalea no ka lele.
ʻO ke poʻo ʻo Ramforinh:
ʻĀpana hipahala he pā nui, maʻamau elongated a kuhikuhi ʻia. I nā pīkī kahiko, ua palupalu nā iwi cranial a lilo nā ʻūhā i ʻūlū manu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iwi intermaxillary i loko o kahi beak elpiated elongated. He mau niho maʻalahi nā koikoi niho holoi a noho i loko o ka recesses. ʻO nā niho nui loa i mua. I kekahi manawa paʻa lākou i ka ʻaoʻao. Ua kōkua ʻia ramforinham hopu a paʻa paha.
Ke ʻano o ka ramforinha:
ʻO ka pipi o nā holoholona nā 8 cervical, 10-15 spinal, 4-10 sacral a me 10-40 caudal vertebrae. ʻO ka laulā ākea a pālele nui. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā poʻohiwi, ua ʻōiwi ka iwi pelvic.
Ramforinha he mau huelo lōʻihi, he ʻēheu lōʻihi, he ʻōpala nui me nā niho he nui. Huli nā niho lōʻihi o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka huelo o ka pangolin i hoʻopau i kahi ʻāpana i mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano he rudder. He mau iwi tubular māmā.
Ua like ka manamana lima like me ka iwi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole he huhū ʻia. ʻO nā manamana ʻelua, ʻakolu a ʻehā paha, ʻelua anilua a he ʻelepili paha. Ua hoʻomau ʻia nā ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū. Aia nā puʻupuʻu ikaika i ko lākou ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka lima ʻelima loa o nā manamana lima mua o nā forelimb he ʻehā mau kuʻuna.
Kālepa ʻo Ramforinha:
Ramforinha he pterosaurs liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke wehe i ka ʻāina. Ramforinha ua noho ma ke kapa o nā hale waihona kō i loko o nā kolone nui. ʻAi nō lākou i ka iʻa maʻamau. ʻO kā lākou ʻōpū i piha i ka niho he mea kūpono loa e hopu i ka iʻa ʻōpala. Ramforinha ua kūkulu i kahi ʻano lawaiʻa kūʻokoʻa kahi e maloʻo ai nā membrane o ko lākou mau ʻēheu.
E lele ana ma luna o ka wai hipahala wehe i ka beak a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo i lalo o ka wai. No laila, hopu lākou i nā mea a pau e hele mai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. Ma waho o ka iʻa, inā ua pōpilikia ʻoe hu hulu hipa hiki ke ʻai i ka ʻai o nā mea inikini i noho i loko o ka lāʻau. Eia pū kekahi hipahala ʻai i nā hua manu i waiho ʻia ma ke one ma kahakai. He wā hoʻomaha maoli no kēia hipahala. |
Noho ka poʻe lele Flying ma ka wā Mesozoic wale nō, me ko lākou hiʻi i ka manawa o Late Jurassic. ʻO ko lākou mau kūpuna hoʻi, ka mea, ua hoʻopau i nā reptiles kahiko pseudosuchia. Ua puka ʻia nā ʻano loina lōʻihi ma mua o nā kāʻei pokole. I ka hopena o ka wā Jurassic, ua hoʻopau lākou.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hipahala a ʻo nā lawaiʻa ʻē aʻe e lele aku, ʻaʻole nā kūpuna o nā manu a me nā ʻeke. ʻO ka lele ʻana o nā kuʻi manu, nā manu, a me nā ʻolua i kēlā me kēia ala i ka like, ʻaʻole like nā pilina ʻohana ma waena o lākou. ʻO kahi hōʻailona maʻamau no lākou ka hiki ke lele. A ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā lākou kēia mana ma o ka loli ʻana o nā puʻu mua, nā ʻokoʻa ʻē i ke kahe o ko lākou mau ʻēheu iʻike iā lākou he poʻe kūpuna ʻē aʻe lākou.
E huli ka mōʻaukala
ʻO ka ʻike mua o ka iwi nā iwi o kēia pterosaur i hana ʻia ma Kelemania i ka waena o nā kenekulia 19. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka loilo i hāʻawi ʻia e Hermann von Meyer i ka makahiki 1846. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i ke inoa "Ramforinh", ʻo ia hoʻi "beak-face".
Nā ʻano o Ramforinhs
(ʻOkoʻa nā ʻanoʻokoʻa piha i ka ʻohana):
- ʻO Ramforinh Estechi, i wehewehe ʻia e OʻSilivan a me Martil i ka makahiki 2015,
- ʻO Ramforinh Jessoni, i wehewehe ʻia e Lideker i ka makahiki 1890,
- ʻO Ramforinh Munsteri, ʻo ramforinh ka mea mua i wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Ramforinh Estechi a me Jessoni he lōʻihi lōʻihi.
He ʻano huila
Loaʻa i nā iwi Ramphony kahi pā tubular, kahi mea i hoʻoikaika nui i ka huila. I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka pterosaur ma kahi o 70 mau vertebrae, ʻoi aku he 40 o ia mau ʻī lōʻihi, ma nā wahi cervical he 7 mau vertebrae, 16 ma ka ʻāina thoracic a me 6-7 vertebrae i komo i ka spumb lumbar a me pelvic. ʻO ke kumu o ka ragingorinch e kūmole ana i mua o ka keel-like i mua, he quadrangular. He pokole ka humerus o nā wāwae ʻākau, akā ikaika loa. Hoʻokahi a ʻelua a ʻelua ka ʻāʻā o ke anilima a ʻelua mau manawa ka lōʻihi, a ua kūʻē ʻia nā ʻēheu ma waena o nā phalanges.
ʻO ka nui o ka papa inoa mai 20 a 30 paha kenimika o ke kino (ka ʻuʻuku nui) me nā ʻēheu a hiki i kahi mita - ʻekolu a ʻehā mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pigeons hou. ʻO nā ʻēheu he lami leathery i hāʻule ʻia ma waena o nā iwi o ka manamana lima a me kahi manamana lima lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi mai ke kaʻe o ka beak a i ka huelo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kahi mita i nā pākeke. Ua pau ka huelo me kahi ʻoi caudal peke, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka rula ma ka lele me he rudder.
He kino pōkole, nā wāwae a me ka lihilihi i ke ʻano o kahi hamchet he mau hōʻailona hiki i ka ramphony ke lawe i ka wai mai ka wai o ka wai. No kēia ʻano ka ʻai ʻana i kēia ʻano kaʻai ʻana, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā wāwae ākea nui. ʻO nā manamana wāwae ma lalo o nā wāwae i hoʻopau i nā ʻōpū.
I uhi ʻia ke kino me ka huluhulu, he mea ʻole na reptile, i hoʻohana ʻia ke mālama i ka wela. Ma muli o ka huluhulu, loaʻa i ka dinosaur kona inoa - "ʻo ka lauoho lauoho
ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻōiwi, nā niho
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻūhā a me ka ʻāʻī i hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kūlana o ke poʻo o ka pterosaur i ka wā o ka lele - kūlike ma ka papa. He poʻo nui ko Ramphony, huli a huli i loko o kahi beak elongated lōʻihi. Ma muli o kahi o ka bony labyrinth o ka puʻuwai i komo, ua paʻa ka palehorinchae i ko lākou poʻo e like me ka lepo. Noho nui ʻia ʻo ka pūliki puaʻi nui a Ramforinh e noho ana me nā niho ʻula e kuhikuhi ana i mua, ua hana ʻia no ke kālai ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana i ka iʻa ma kāna ʻāʻī. I ka huina, ua 34 nā niho o Ramforinh, nona ka 20 i ka piko o luna, a he 14 ma ka haʻahaʻa. Aia ka nui o nā niho nui i mua.
Holo a me ka meaʻai
ʻO ka manawa nui i holo ai ʻo ramforinha i ka wā lele a me ka lawaiʻa, ka mea e mālama ai i ka meaʻai nui no ka dinosaur. Ua loaʻa i hoʻokahi tauira WDC CSG 255 me nā koena i ka esophagus o nā iʻa ʻano leptolepid. ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā amphibians a me nā mea inikini hoʻi i hele pū i ka meaʻai. ʻO ke ala o ke ola a me nā hopu he like me ke ala o ke ola o nā ʻano ʻeleʻele pō i kēia manawa e like me nā kinilē. E like me ke aniani, ua lanakila ʻo Rumphorinchus ma luna o ka wai, i kahi pio mai ka wai o ka wai. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi me ka kiʻī i ka wai no kahi mamao ma hope o ko lākou mau mea pōʻino. Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kālele i ka hiki i ka ramforins e ʻauʻau a lawe i nā mea holo pololei mai ke alo o ka wai.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻonui nui ʻo Ramforinhs e nā hua. ʻO nā nui nui o ka hatching individu e hoʻoholo i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā hua ma ka lālani - hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha. E mālama pono nā mākua i nā moa no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ka mea, ʻoi aku paha, hiki ke lele koke nā mea hoʻohalaho. I nā mahina mua, ua kūlei ka ulu o nā moa, a lohi ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua piʻi ka nui o nā pākeke i nā makahiki ʻekolu. He nui o nā koena o nā iwi ke ʻae iā mākou e hoʻihoʻi i ka papa ulu o kēia pterosaur.
Palekana Predator
ʻOiai me kā lākou ʻano weliweli a me nā niho predatory, he nui nā enemi o ka Ramforinhs - ma waena o nā pterosaurs nui a me nā iʻa nui. I Kelemānia, loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka huina triple "- ramforinch me ka leptolpid iʻa ma ka esophagus, me kahi ʻēhe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka waha o nā iʻa nui o Aspidorhinkus. I loko o ka pīpī, ua lilo ʻo ramforinh iā ia iho i ka iʻa i hopu i kona ʻiwi. Lele ka iʻa mai loko mai o ka wai ma hope o kahi nīnū haʻahaʻa haʻuki, a i ʻole hopu ka ramforinha i make. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ka pterosaur i loaʻa mai ai. Ua pā ka ʻēheu ma waena o nā niho o ka iʻa i ka make a me ka iʻa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i ka waha mai ka nui o ka nui. ʻEkolu mau huila hou o Aspidorhinkus me nā koena o ka ramforinha, ʻike ʻia. A ua loaʻa nā skeletons i Kelemania.
ʻO nā hale hōʻike kahi i hōʻike ʻia nā koena a me nā ʻuhane o nā ramforinhs
- ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Taylor Haarlem, he hoʻohālikelike me ka lei o nā ʻāpana o nā mea i make i ka wā o ka hopu,
- ʻO Houston Museum o Natural Science,
- ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Royal Ontario, ʻO Toronto kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka huakaʻi.
- Mokuʻaʻike o ka mōʻaukala kūlohelohe o Milan.
- ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Oxford o ka Mōʻaukala kūlohelohe
ʻO nā hoahānau pili kokoke loa - pterodactyl
Wahi i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Ramforinh i ke kolu o nā kolamu palapala kākau e hele nei me nā Dinosaurs.
- "Monsters Winged me David Attenborough" (Flying Monsters me David Attenborough, 2011).