ʻO ka wailua ʻo Willow kahi mea pākahi nani a kaulana, i ʻike ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i nā lei aliʻi. No laila, inā ʻoe e hele e nānā i kēia ʻano, he mea kūpono ia e kūʻai i nā binoculars.
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo kēia pōpehu ʻo Apatura iris, nona nā Nymphalidae ʻohana.
He aha nā mea e like me ka wai nui? ʻO ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe
ʻO nā poni lau o Willow, he mau pōpō nui, ʻo ko lākou mau ʻēheu he 7.5-8.4 cm He maʻalahi nā hoʻomaopopo i nā kāne ma nā ʻēheu iridescent-papale. Hāʻawi nā liki optical i kēia kala, a hilinaʻi ke kala me ke kihi o ka ulu ʻana o ka mālamalama. Hiki ke ʻike i kēia mea nani wale nō ma ka lā aniani a ma kahi kikoʻī.
ʻO ke poʻo kāne ʻo Butterfly ka mea aloha i nā kukū aloha e kāhea ʻoluʻolu i ka "King."
ʻO nā māka wahine makemake wahine (ma ke kiʻi ma lalo) he mau ʻoliona mau ʻēheu. Loaʻa i nā wahine ʻelua ke keʻokeʻo a me nā maka ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka palena ʻona ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe a i lalo. Ua ʻoi aku ka hapa o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻO Habitat, noho. ʻAuhea a hea e ʻike ai nā wī wī?
Akā ke kahele ʻia nei ʻo Butterfly i nā ululāʻau ʻoka ma ʻEnelani hema. ʻIke ʻia ma Central a me Eastern Europe, Kina, Iapana, Korea a me ke kūkulu ʻākau-komohana o Kazakhstan. ʻOiai ke nānā ʻia o kona nani, ʻike ʻia ma Rūsia - ma kāna kū waena a me nā ʻaoʻao hema, a ʻo ia hoʻi i ka Teritori Primorsky.
Noho ka kahe ma nā wahi nahele ulu a me nā ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia, ma kapa o nā wai wai. I loko o ko lākou wahi noho, ka hele ʻana o nā kumulāʻau, nā lau o kā lākou ʻuʻulu, a me nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe kahi e ola ai nā pipi.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wailele i Iulai-ʻAukake. Holo pinepine lākou lele lele ma luna o nā lei, ua kokoke loa i ke awakea kāne e iho i kahi i ka wai. I kēia manawa, lilo lākou i makaʻala loa, ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokokoke i kahi mamao iki aku, i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā palekana pehea e noho ai lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā puddles a i nā ala swampy. Eia kekahi, ʻike nā poʻe aloha kīwī he hiki ke hoʻōla i nā kāne i lalo o ka maikaʻi.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, pono wau e ʻōlelo he ʻokoʻa nā makemake o ko lākou makemake: makemake nā malihini nā ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā holoholona a me ke kalohona. Ua hoʻohana mau ʻia nā ʻokaʻeke i kēia mau "mea" e lure i nā kāne.
ʻAi pū lākou i ka hau melimona huna ʻia e nā aphids, a ʻike ʻia nā wahine i kekahi manawa ma ke kahi lāʻau lāʻau, kahi lākou e inu ai i ka ʻōpū lāʻau.
Pehea nā pua o ka lawaiʻa?
I ka Iulai, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā kāne i nā lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe (maʻa maʻamau, i kekahi manawa beech a conifers) e kali ana i nā wahine. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau like ʻole e nā palupalu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokele paha nā wahine i ke kāne, a hāʻule paha i ka honua ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona ma mua.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā hua momona ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā lau o nā kumu. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ʻo ia nō ʻo willow kao (Salix caprea) a he willow grey (S. cinerea), brough willow (S. fragilis) i hana maʻamau. Hiki i nā nui o nā kumulāʻau ke: nā kiʻina liʻiliʻi a i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me kahi canopy. Hōʻuluʻulu maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻōpū holched.
ʻO nā kekela nā lua o nā wili willow he ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kukui melemele a me nā laina melemele diagonal ma nā ʻaoʻao. Loaʻa lākou i nā outgrowth horny kaulana i ko lākou poʻo.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mea hānai: pili loa lākou a hoʻohui pū me nā lau. I ka wā lulu, mālama lākou e hoʻoheheʻe pālua i ʻelua, hoʻololi i ke kala i ke aniani, e hoʻohuli ana iā lākou iho i kēia manawa he mau lālā ulu. Kūʻai ʻo nā kōnipera i nā ʻōpala ma nā kumulāʻau wai, a me nā haumana i Iune. I ke ʻano o kahi haumāna chrysalis, noho lākou no 2-3 mau pule.
Nā kumu no ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻōpū
Kūkā nui ʻia kēia mau palu e nā mea hōʻiliʻili o ka wā Victoria (1837-1901). A laila ua luku nui ʻia ka nui o nā malihini.
Ma ke ʻano o nā kenekulia 20, ua hoʻomau mau ka nui o nā ʻāina kahe a me nā mea e like me ka hōʻino ʻana, ke kūkulu alanui, a me nā hōʻino honua. Nui ka nui o nā iniseti i make i nā hopena o nā pesticides caustic i hoʻohana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā māla.
I kēia lā, i kekahi mau ʻāina, ua kākau ʻia kēia pōpoki i loko o ka Red Book (Kelemona, Suetena, Ukraine, Latvia, Moscow, Smolensk a me Vologda mau wahi o Rūsia).
Kāleka
Hiki i nā ʻēheu ke 8 cm. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka ʻēheu ʻeleʻele me kahi paona brown. I nā kāne, ʻike ʻia kahi palahala mālamalama mālamalama. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema he mau keʻokeʻo, ma luna o nā ʻēheu hind aia ka ʻōnaʻi o ka like like a me ka maka ʻeleʻele i loko o ke aniani ʻeleʻele ulaula. He poʻo hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka loko o ka ʻēheu. ʻAnoʻala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā kihi, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa subspecies. Ua haʻi ʻia nā ʻano ʻē. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine. He ʻulaʻulaʻula ka maikaʻi o nā keles.
Hoʻaiho
ʻIke ʻia nā loea o Willow Shelter ma ka ʻāpana a me Central ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ma Central and Southern Russia, ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kazakhstan, ma ka hapa nui o Kina, a puni ka ʻāina ʻo Amur. Nui nā poʻe e noho ana ma Iapana, Korea a me Primorye.
Ma Lūkia, pinepine ka loaʻa o nā pūnaewele Kūkulu:
- Hono Hema
- Siberia komohana
- Western Transbaikalia,
- kahi kokoke i ka mauna Carpathian,
- ʻO Volga waena.
Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā nahele o nā ʻano āpau, kokoke i nā kino wai. Noho kekahi mau subspecies ma ke kiʻekiʻe he 1,500 mika ma luna o ke kai i ka mauna Carpathian. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka noho ʻana he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Pono ia no ka ulu piha ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka māka. I ka mahana wela a me ka lā anuanu, ua nui ka hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā ʻōpala kokoke kokoke i nā muliwai a me nā loko.
ʻO nā pae hoʻoulu a me ka hana hou
Kūpono nā hua manu o kēia ʻano e waiho i ka hua ma waho o nā mea kanu a lākou e hānai ai. Hoʻokumu nā poʻe kū hoʻokahi i ka hanauna hoʻokahi.
Ma ke ʻano o kahi kīnā, lawe ʻo Willow Overfill ma waena o ʻAukake a me Iune. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo loa ke kino o ka huki me nā kīʻī ʻulaʻula a me nā aka. Aia nā pūlima pōkole ʻehā pōpoki ma ke poʻo, a me nā hana kūleʻa 2 ulaula ma kahi hope.
E hoʻolana ka wahine i ʻelua o nā mālamalama mālamalama. Ua hānau ʻia ka larva ma hope o nā lā 8-10. ʻO ka overwinitinge kanaka hoʻokahi ma ke kahua anu. Ma ke ʻano o kahi pupa, ola ke lolo i nā manawa 2 a i ʻole 3 mau pule.
Demeanor
I ka manawa pinepine, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Willow Shelter mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. Ke lele aku nei nā ʻo Males i nā holoholona ma nā kihi o nā ululāʻau a me nā alanui, kokoke i nā kahawai a me nā ʻalā lahilahi nui ma luna o nā holoholona. Makemake nui nā wahine i nā huna ma nā pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻili o nā lau. Hiki wale ke kolo ʻia nā lāʻau lāʻau i ka luhi iā lākou. Makemake nā mea kūlohelohe e ʻohi i nā hipa me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He nani loa a he akahele hoʻi ka moena e pili ana i ka lele.
Hoʻokele ia i ka kao, ke pepeiao, ashy a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā wailele. Aloha pū kekahi aspen. ʻAmelī ka ʻōpala i nā lau me ka ʻole o ka pale ʻana i nā veins. Mālama nā kīpū i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā nectar o nā mea kanu like me ke kōkua o kahi proboscis, a ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, kāʻili ʻia i loko o ka ʻalihi.
Nā manuahi hoʻopau
Ua komo ka hapanui ma luna o ka puke no ka Red Book o nā ʻāina he nui: ʻo Russia (Moscow a me Smolensk wahi), Ukraine, Latvia, Kelemānia a me Suena.
Ua emi mau nei ka nui o ka Pehu Kūkulu Nui. ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ka hana pilikino. Hoʻopili ʻia nā palena ākea o nā ululāʻau, ʻōniʻoniʻi ka ʻano o nā ʻano o ke ʻano, e hoʻohana ʻia nā pesticides caustic. Hoʻololi kēia mau mea āpau o ke kaiapuni.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
- Loaʻa nā males ma ka ʻaoʻao mua i nā mea ʻala e hoʻopuka ai i nā wahine.
- ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pulu a i ʻole nā mea ʻoniʻoni ma luna o nā ʻēheu o nā kāne, ʻaʻole ia ke hopena o ka pigmentation. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia hopena nani i ke anuanu lā a ma kahi kikoʻī. E kōkua ka lohi o nā pale i nā kāne e hoʻopunipuni i nā ʻenemi a hūnā iā lākou.
- Kūkulu i ka ʻōpū ma ka lāʻau wili. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, loaʻa ke kelepona o ke kino i kahi huehue coklat, me ka mahalo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia nā pepeke. I ka hiki koke ʻana o ka pūnāwai a loaʻa i ka wela, loaʻa hou i ka uka kahi kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO Wingspan a hiki i ka 60 - 80 mm. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻēheu he ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, ma ke kāne me kahi kaila ʻulaʻula, a i ka wahine, he ʻeleʻele ia me ka waʻala me kahi kahe ʻoluʻolu. ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā overfl me ka pigment manga, akā me nā waiho kumu, i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka māhele ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana polū o ka pehu māmā. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Ke lele mau nei me nā lepa keʻokeʻo (i kekahi manawa e nalowale ana), nā ʻēheu ʻalā me kahi kapa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka maka ʻoliva e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka palena ʻulaʻula (ʻulaʻula a ʻike ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao postdiscal o ka ʻēhe manu). ʻO ka bandian median ma ka ʻēheo mai luna mai e hāʻawi i kahi niho koʻikoʻi i ka kihi. ʻAʻohe pauku wahī e pau i luna. ʻO ka lalo o nā ʻēheu he hina-ʻulaʻula, me nā māla brown-rusty, ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo a me nā wahi hina-hina a me nā ʻāpana marginal. Mai lalo mai nā ehe lehelehele, ua akaka ka ocellus ma ke kihi anal, me ka mālama polū. ʻO nā ʻēheu mau loa me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaha nui ma ke ka ʻaoʻao o waho.
ʻĀpana maʻamau: Kelemānia a me ʻEnelani.
ʻO ke kauwela kauwela
Ma nā wahi āpau e kūkulu i kekahi hanauna. ʻO ka holo ʻana mai ka manawa o Iune a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Lele ai ʻo ia i loko o nā ululāʻau loloa a lūlū ʻia a pohihihi me ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā ululāʻau (ʻoakou nui a me ka walo). Ua piʻi ke kuahiwi i 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai. Kahi ʻia. I nā makahiki makemake nui i mea maʻamau.
Holo nā koneke ma nā kihi a me nā ala nahele, hana pinepine i mau ʻōpala ma kapa o nā puddles, nā kahawai. Lele lele a lele i ka ʻāʻina ʻana o nā holoholona nui, nānahu momona, ka ʻūnū o ke kanaka - mai kahi a lākou e huki ai i ka wai a me nā paʻakai mineral e pono ai. Ke alakaʻi nei nā wahine i kahi ola huna, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa e mālama ʻia ai lākou ma nā kihi o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka pau ʻana o ka wai momona.
Biology
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o nā lau o nā mea kanu hānai.
ʻO ka lāhi Caterpillar mai ʻAukake a i Iune. ʻApau kikika. Kūpono nā ʻōlepa me nā ʻōniʻoniʻu melemele a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ma ke poʻo he 2 mau pūniha uliuli, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana he mau ʻōlelo ʻulaʻula ʻelua.
Mea kanu hānai - ka pua willow (Salix caprea), one willow (Salix aurita), one willow (Salix cinerea) nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe a me ka aspen. Hoʻokomo ka anuhe i ka periphery o ka lau, e waiho ana i ka vein nui.
He māmā a Pupa, ʻāmaʻomaʻo-ʻelua me nā ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi ʻelua ma kona poʻo, e kau ana ma nā lālā a i ʻole nā lau, ulu i nā mau hebedoma 2-3.
Nā leka uila palekana
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i loko o nā Red Books: Ukraine (2 kāʻei), Latvia (1998) (2 kāʻei), Smolensk (1997) (2 kākahi), Moscow (1998) (3 kueʻa), Vologda (2006) (3 kueʻa) mau wahi o Lūkini, East Fennoscandia (1998), Kelemānia (kākāʻī 4), Sākena (mokulele 3).
Nā mea hoʻohālikelike: ka luku ʻana o nā biotopes (deforestation o nā ulu kūlohelohe, nā loli i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano o nā nahele, urbanization), ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides a me ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o ka nohona kūlohelohe i nā mea kūlohelohe.
Nā kumu no ka nalo ʻana o nā limima makemake
A hōʻeha koʻikoʻi i ka lehulehu ka mea i hōʻiliʻili. He waiwai waiwai nui nā mīlio Willow ma waena o nā mea ʻikepili o ka wā Victoria. I loko o kēia manawa, nui nā kukupu i hoʻopau.
ʻO nā ʻōlima he līlū liʻiliʻi loa ia ma ka Honua.
Ke emi nei ka nui o ka poʻe hekili ma muli o ka nalowale o kā lākou noho. Noho kēia mau mea lūlū i nā kūlana kūikawā, a kūkulu nā kānaka i nā alanui, nā hale a ʻoki i nā ulu lāʻau e hoʻopau i kēia mau ʻano.
Make aku nā kukū ma muli o ka palupalu i ka nohona.
Noho nā kolone o nā malihini i ka wahi mamao mai kahi ʻē aʻe, no laila, inā he make kekahi koloni, ʻaʻole i hala ʻole ka laha.
Hoʻouka ka nui o nā pipi i nā hopena a nā mea kanu i kanu ai nā kānaka i ka mahina, a hāʻule lākou i loko o nā wahi o ka piha a me nā mea ʻala iā lākou.
Nui nā malihini no ka make me nā kemika.
Pehea e hiki ai ke mālama aku i ka lohi ʻana ma luna o ka honua?
E kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka noho ʻana o kēia mau ʻano kīnā ʻokoʻa. I mea e hiki ai i ka topple willow ke hoʻololi hou i ka fauna hou, kahi manawa nui loa a manawa e koi ʻia. Loaʻa i nā papa he nui i nā hui kōkua, hiki i kekahi ke makemake e kōkua i nā poʻe neʻe i hiki ke hoʻopili i ka Wildlife Trust a hui pū ʻia i ka British Trust for Conservation Volunteers.
Hiki ke nalowale nā palahila willow mai ka honua honua inā ʻaʻole i kōkua ʻia.
Pono nā kānaka a pau loa he hiki ʻole ke luku aku i ka palupalu, me nā lawaiʻa makemake. Pono e pale i nā wīwī, ka home ma kēia ʻano ʻehā.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Kālā
Mahele ʻia ma ʻEulopa, ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka Lūkia, ka hema o nā Urals a me Western Siberia, Amur Region, Primorye, China, Korea.
Ma ka māhele ʻo Saratov, aia a kūloko i ka wahi i loko o kahi ākea o ka nahele-steppe. Ka palena hema o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o kēia ʻano o kēia ʻanoʻano Euro-ʻAsia ma ka ʻāina. Ma ka moku o Rtishchevsky, ua kahaha ʻia ia ma ke ala ma waena o nā kauhale o Vladykino a me Iznair.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano hana
Hoʻokū ʻia nā ʻano holoholona i ka biotopes ulu me ka nui o ka lawa, e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana. ʻOi aku ka makemake e noho i nā haʻahaʻa a ma nā puʻu, akā ma nā mauna e piʻi pinepine ʻole ai ʻo 1300 m ma luna o ke kai. I nā lā wela, he makemake nā kīpē e noho kokoke i loko o nā loko, nā ʻukihi, nā kahawai. Noho ka noho me nā wahi kuahiwi kuahiwi, kahi ia e inu ai mai nā pothole, ma ka lepo o nā ala lāʻau, ma nā kihi o ka nahele, ma nā hehi me nā wai kahe.
Kūkulu ʻia i hoʻokahi hanauna. ʻO nā pua ʻōpio ʻo Iune - Iulai. He hilahila a mālama nā pā hale, akā pale i nā wai wai i loko o ka wai i ko lākou mālama maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka maʻi keu ma mua o nā wahine.
Ke waiho nei i nā hua, hopu nā wahine i nā lei o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻopili ana i nā testicles i nā lau o nā wīwī.
Nā mea kanu hili lāʻau - nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole (Salix alba, Salix caprea, Salix rosmarinifolia), aspen (ʻO ka lāhū populus), kekahi manawa poplars (Populus alba, Populus nigra) ʻO kahi mau kukupa i waena o ka hope, ma hope o ka molt lua, i loko o kahi niu ma ke pua a i ʻole lau paha, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻokokoke i ka lua. ʻO ka papa kahi ka haumana he 2-3 mau pule, maʻamau i ka Mei.