Pangolin (in lat. Pholidota) - ʻo kēia wale nō ka pipiʻi ma ka honua, i uhi piha i nā pauna. ʻO ka inoa "pangolin" ma ʻ Malaylelo Malay "ʻo ke kāwili ʻia i ka pōpō." Hoʻohana kēia ʻano e ka holoholona i ka hihia. I ka wā ma mua, ua kapa ʻia lākou i nā neʻe scaly. He ʻumikumamāwalu mau laina kaulike a ua like lākou me nā ʻili ma ka kaupaku.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Pangolins ma kahi o 60 miliona mau makahiki i ka wā o Paleocene, 39 o ka nui o nā mea kanu ʻano mua loa i ka manawa ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike ʻia nā manu Eomanis a me Eurotamandua no nā fossils i loaʻa ma ka papa o Messel, ʻo ka Eocene. ʻO kēia mau holoholona ʻē aʻe i nā dinosaurs o kēia manawa.
Ka manaʻo maoli! Hōʻike ka ʻike i loko o ka pūnao nani o Eomanis ma Messel i ka hōʻike o nā pūpū a me nā mea kanu. Ua ʻōlelo mai nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻai mua nā pangolins i nā mea kanu a ʻai ʻole i kekahi mau pepeke.
ʻAʻohe mau pale huakaʻi no nā prehistoric kaʻili, a ʻokoʻa ke poʻo i ke poʻo o nā dinosaur o kēia manawa. Ua like lākou me ka armadillo. ʻO kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe o ka mō'ī, kahi i kū ʻia ma ka hopena o Eocene, he ʻano patriarchids. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻelua i loaʻa iā ia, ʻo Cryptomanis a me Patriomanis, ua loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā pangolins hou, akā e mau nei nā hiʻona o nā mammals mua.
ʻAuhea e noho ai nā pangolins?
E hoʻohele ʻia ʻo Pangolins mai Senegal a Uganda, ma Angola, Western Kenya, ma ke kūkulu hema i Zambia a ʻĀkau i Mozambique. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā republika o Sudan a me Chad, mai ʻAitiopa i Namibia a me South Africa, ma India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kina i Taiwan, i ka hema ma Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan a me nā mokupuni kahakai. Ua makemake lākou i ka nui nā lāʻau kūlā kūwele a me nā savannah.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona, nā kiʻi o nā pangolins
Pangolins (Pholidota) - kahi detachment o nā mamental placental, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻohana Lizards hoʻokahi (Manidae) me kekahi ʻano ʻohana ʻo Manis.
I ka huina o kēia mau lā, ʻehiku mau ʻano o nā pangolins, 4 mau ʻano e noho ma ʻAmelika, a he 3 ma Asia.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pangolins mai 30-35 cm (ʻo ka pangolin ka liʻiliʻi loa ka mea keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele ʻia) a 75-85 cm (ʻo ka nui ka nui o nā pangolin nui). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, ma muli o nā ʻano, hiki ke 55-65 cm a 65-80 cm. Na kauka nā holoholona mai 1.2-2 kg a 25-33 kg. Ma ka hapa nui o nā kāne, ʻo nā kāne he 10-50% ʻoi loa ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā wahine.
He liʻiliʻi nā poʻo o nā holoholona, conical ma ke ʻano, ua liʻiliʻi nā maka, ʻike ʻole nā auricles. ʻO ke kino elongated e hele malie i ka huelo. ʻO nā wāwae o ka holoholona he pōkole, ikaika, me nā manamana lima ʻelima, 3 mau kī lohi ma nā wāwae mua a hiki i 5.5-7.5 cm ka lōʻihi. He ʻoiwi ka mea e hoʻopuni ai nā mea i kau ʻia ma ke poʻo, ke kino, nā ʻaoʻao waho o nā wāwae a me ka ʻāpana. ʻO nā mea e ulu ana mai ka hohonu hohonu o ka 'e'ālaila a me ka ulu hou. Mālama lākou i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka pangolin, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻili o loko o nā papa.
Lōlō loa ka ʻōlelo o nā dinosaurs. I ka nui o nā ʻōpiopio (nui ka pangolin) ke hoʻolōʻihi ia i 40 cm, a ʻo kona loa he 70 cm. ʻO ia ʻano ʻōlelo nui i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi kiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao i ka sternum. Ma ka hohonu hohonu o ka pahu he nui nā māla melemele e hūnā ana i ka wai lawaiʻa.
He kuʻekuʻe manuahi ʻole nā niho a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻōiwi i nā ʻiʻo, a hopu i nā popo i komo i loko o kahi ʻōpū malohi maoli.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka inoa ʻo pangolin e ʻōlelo ana - i ka unuhi ʻōlelo mai ka ʻōlelo ʻ meanslelo Malama ʻo ia hoʻi "hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pōpō." Ua hoʻolohe ka poʻe Kina i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mōlani a me ka iʻa i ke ʻano o kekahi holoholona, no laila ua manaʻo lākou he ʻoni a dragon.
ʻO ka poʻe Roma kahiko i ʻike ʻia ma ka pūliha o nā kīlohi ʻāina. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, e pili ana i ke ala o ka hānai, e lawe pū ana i nā holoholona me nā armadillos a me nā anteaters.
ʻO ka paona lāʻau-like ʻehā e like me ke kapa pale. Hana ʻia nā pahu wīwī iā keratin. ʻO kēia kumu ke kumu o nā kui o ke kanaka, ka lauoho, kahi ʻāpana o nā pūnohu rhino. Loaʻa nā kihi o nā papa i ʻoki ʻia e like me nā pale.
ʻO ka wā lōʻihi, ua hoʻonui ʻia lākou. Mālama ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī i nā holoholona. I ka pōpilikia, loaʻa ka pangolin i kahi pōpoki paʻa, mālama ka holoholona i kona poʻo ma lalo o ka huelo. ʻO nā pūnaewele me nā unahi - ka ʻōpū, ka ihu, nā ʻaoʻao i loko o ka wāwae wāwae, e waiho pū i ka pōkole. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou me ka lauoho pōkole me ka lauoho lahilahi.
I ka holo ʻana o ka holoholona, lilo ia i mea ahi cone a he artichoke o ka nui nui. Palapala Pangolin hoʻoneʻe, superimposed ma luna o kekahi i kekahi e like me nā ʻili, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia i ka neʻe o ka pangolin.
ʻO ke kino o ka momi he 30 a 90 cm lōʻihi.ʻO ke kūlike ka lōʻihi ma ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hana i nā hana hopu - hiki ke kau ʻia nā pangolins ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau. ʻO ka paona o nā holoholona i kūpono i ka nui - mai 4.5 a 30 kg. ʻO ka paona o nā kaupaona he ʻelima mau kaukanu o ka nui o ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Hoʻopili iki nā wāwae lima, ʻelima lima. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā wāwae mua ma mua o nā wāwae hind. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēlā me kēia manamana lima me kahi ulu nui horny no ka eli ʻana i ka anthills. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka laka waena no 7.5 cm, no ka mea, e kū ana i ka neʻe, i ka hele ʻana pangolin kīkī i ka pae mua.
Kahi muzzle ka holoholona hihiu o ka elongated ka waha, wehe ka waha me nā niho nalowale aia ma ke kihi. Pailo ke kai ʻana i nā ʻili, kapa. I loko o ka ʻōpū, e lohi nei i nā manaʻo, me ka hoʻonā i ka hoʻoponopono. Mai loko mai, pale ʻia nā paia e ka keratinized epithelium, i hoʻopili ʻia me ka paila me nā niho pepe.
He liʻiliʻi nā maka, e hilinaʻi pono i nā iniseti e nā maka aniani nā lauoho. Loaʻa a ʻike ʻole paha nā papa. ʻO ka laulele hohonu o ka pīpī ke kū lōʻihi a hiki i 40 cm, uhi ʻia me ka wai melemele. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻonui i ka alelo, e ʻiniki a hiki i 0,5 cm.
Hoʻokū nā ʻūkuʻu uila i ka lehelehe e ka lehelehe a ka umauma i ka pelvis o nā holoholona.
ʻO ka kala o nā unahi, he hina hina-brown, e kōkua ana i ka mammals e kiʻi ʻia i ka ʻike a puni. He mau liʻiliʻi nā poʻe Pangolins e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i nā pale pale i hilinaʻi ʻia, ka hiki, e like me ka mea he nui, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai me kahi mea ʻono ʻole. ʻO Hyenas, nā mea kikoʻī nui o ka ʻohana cat, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi me ka lisit.
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā pangolin exotic. Holo i nā holoholona no ke ʻiʻo, nā unahi, nā ʻili. I kekahi mau'āina Aferika, Kina, Vietnam, kūʻai aku nā hale ʻai i nā pangolins no nā kīʻaha exotic.
Ma ka moʻomeheu haʻahaʻa o Asia, he lāʻau lapaʻau nā pangolin, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i ka luku ʻana i nā holoholona. Ua loaʻa ke kūlana o nā holoholona endangered he mau ʻano o ka pangolins. ʻO ka lohi o ka mummals, nā pilikia paʻakikī o ka pio ʻana ma muli o nā meaʻai hānai e alakaʻi i ka nūnū neoneo o nā kamaʻāina ʻokoʻa o ka honua.
Nā Pelekane o Pangolin
8 ua ola nā ʻano he 8 o nā mākaʻikaʻi kūhelu o ka helehelena pangolin. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i loko o nā holoholona Aferika a me Asia i ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā flakes, ka nui o ka pulu me ka pūpū pale, a me nā hiʻohiʻona kala. ʻEhiku mau ʻano lāʻau i aʻo ʻia.
He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā ʻōkuhi Asia me nā hua hulu i ka kumu o nā moʻo. Loaʻa ʻia nā mea ma nā puʻu, i nā nahele, i nā lāʻau lolū. Hoʻomaka, puʻuluʻu liʻiliʻi.
Pangolin Kina. ʻO ke kino o ka holoholona me ka lepa kala. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 60 cm. Noho ia i ke kākana o ʻĀkau ʻĀkau, Kina, Nepal. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ka hele ʻana o nā auricles i hoʻomohala ʻia, kahi i kapa ʻia ai ka holoholona i mua. Ke neʻe neiʻo i ka lepo, akā ma ka pōpilikia piʻi i kahi lāʻau.
Nā pangolin India. Ke alakaʻi nei i ka ʻāina ʻāina ma nā puʻu, ma nā pāpū o Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka līlī ma kahi o 75 cm. ʻO ka kala he melemele-hina ke kala.
Nā Raptor Mālama. Noho ia ma ka nahele nahele o Thailand, Vietnam, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka Hikina Hema. Noho ana ma Philippines, Java. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻeu nā holoholona i ka nahele a me nā kumu lāʻau.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā loea afriki ma mua o nā hoahānau Asia. ʻOi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻano 4 o ka lizards e alakaʻi nei i ka nohona terrestrial a me nā ola arboreal.
ʻO ka lauʻaau Steppe (savannah). He kamaʻāina o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻaha o ʻAmelika Hema. Kāleʻa ka kala o nā unahi. ʻO ka nui o ka pākeke e hele ana i 50-55 cm. Nā kihi Digs, he mau mika ka lōʻihi. Ma ka hohonu o ka hale hoʻomaha kahi lumi nui, nā dimenika e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke hoʻopā.
Pangolin Giant. ʻO ka lōʻihi, hiki i nā kāne o ka pangolins ka 1,4 m, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka 1,25 m. ʻO ka paona o kahi kanaka nui he 30-33 kg. ʻAʻohe mea huluhulu. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka hele ʻana o nā hulu. Kuhi ʻia nā kīkala nui ma nā poniʻulaʻula. ʻO ka noho kahi o nā pangolins nunui aia ma ke kahalaha ma ʻAmelika Komohana, Uganda.
Raptor lōʻihi. Makemake i ke ola lāʻau. Hoʻokoʻa loa ia mai kona mau hoalauna ma ka ʻoi loa o kahi ʻoi loa o kahi 47-49 vertebrae, nā pā wāwae ʻehā ʻehā. Noho ia ma nā ululāʻau o West Africa, ma Senegal, Gambia, Uganda, Angola.
Raptor keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo. ʻOkoʻa ʻo Pangolin i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā pae ʻāpana maikaʻi. ʻO kēia ka ʻilikala liʻiliʻi loa i ka nui, ʻo kona kino he 37-44 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2.4 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ʻihi e pili ana i ka nui o ke kino - he mea nui a hiki i 50 cm.
Noho nā ʻelele keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i loko o nā ululāʻau o Senegal, Zambia, Kenya. Hiki mai ka inoa mai ke ʻano o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka ʻoki ʻole i ka ʻili o ka holoholona. Kahi kala, ʻulaʻula kala.
Raptor Pilipi. Ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mau kumu i nā ʻano o ka pangolins - endemone i ka ʻāina ʻo Palawan.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Ma ka ekuʻe ana a me ʻAmelika Hema, hema o Asia, ua paʻa ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā pangolins. Leʻaleʻa māla, openpes openpes, savannahs i makemake no ko lākou olaʻana. ʻO ka noho pilikino i paʻakikī e aʻo i nā waha nīnū. ʻOiai nui nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou ola e noho pohihihi.
Noho ka hapanui o nā māla ma nā wahi momona me nā huaʻōlelo a me nā aniani. ʻO nā pepeke wale nō ka ʻai nui o nā mommals, a me kā lākou mau lizards i hoʻohana i nā lizards e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā parasites.
Hoʻoulu ʻo Pangolins i nā anthills, open scale no ka hele ʻana i ka poʻe noho huhū. Hoʻokomo nui nā ʻōpala i ka mea komo, hoʻopuʻi i ka ʻili o ka holoholona, a kāpīpī ia me ka waikawa formic. Hoʻopilikia ʻo Pangolin i kahi kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, pani ke kika i nā pahu, kuʻi ʻana i nā iniseti i loko o kahi pahele. Aia kahi ala lua e pili ana i nā kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe - ʻo ka ʻauʻau maʻamau ka loko o nā loko.
Noho wale nā holoholona Nocturnal. I loko o ke ao, hūnā nā mea terrestrial i loko o ka ʻuā o nā holoholona, nā holoholona ʻalā e huna i nā lei o nā lāʻau, kau ʻia ma nā kāʻei ma nā lālā, aneane hui pū ʻia me nā kaiāulu. Pahu ʻia nā ʻoniʻoki, ua piʻi maila nā pangolins me ke kōkua o nā nāhele i mua, nā pale pale o ka huelo e like me ke kākoʻo, kākoʻo i ka piʻi. ʻAʻole wale ka piʻi, akā hiki nō i ka ʻeneke ʻauʻau ke hiki ke kū maikaʻi.
Hoʻohālike ka holoholona i ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale. He holoholona mālie ʻo Pangolin; hoʻopuka wale ʻia ʻo ia a me kona poha. E neʻe lohi ana nā lizards, e hāwili ʻo ka holoholona i kona mau ʻaka, nā ʻū ma luna o ka ʻāina me nā ʻaoʻao waho o kona mau wāwae. Ke hele wāwae nei ma kona mau wāwae hind - i ka wikiwiki o ke kiʻekiʻe o 3-5 km / h.
Aole e hiki ia ia ke pakele i ka enemi, no ia mea ua hoopakeleia oia armadillo pangolin ʻōwili i hoʻomālamalama i kahi pōpō. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻoe e kahe aku i ka līlī i kahi mea huna pungent me kahi meaʻala pungent e hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻenemi.
ʻAʻole ʻike a ʻike ʻo Pangolins, akā ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi lākou. Hoʻomoe ʻia ke ola holoʻokoʻa i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻono. Hōʻike lākou i ko lākou heleʻana i nā hoahānau me nā mea ʻala nui i nā lāʻau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Nā kiʻi: Animal Pangolin
ʻO kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi kahi poʻo ʻihi. Liʻiliʻi nā maka a me nā pepeiao. ʻO ka pākahi ka laulā a lōʻihi, mai 26 a 90 cm. Maʻaila nā wāwae, akā pōkole. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae ʻākau ma mua o nā wāwae hind. Elima mau ʻihi poloka i kēlā me kēia wāwae. ʻO kahi kūʻokoʻa, he kūlike ke kino o ka pangolin e like me ka pine pine. ʻO nā uhi nui, uhi ʻia, nā pale melekini e uhi kokoke i ke kino holoʻokoʻa. He palupalu lākou i nā pangolins pēpē, akā paʻa ka wā e ulu ai lākou.
ʻO ka huki wale wale nō, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻāpana o nā maka, ka ʻaoʻao o loko a me ka ʻōpū ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia me nā mea kaupaona. I kekahi mau ʻano, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao waho o nā forelimbs. Hoʻopili liʻiliʻi nā ʻaoʻao kino me nā ʻāpana i nā lauoho. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele nā lau me ka wahi ʻole, mai ke aniani ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula paha a ʻeleʻele paha.
ʻIliuli ka ʻili a me ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula. ʻEkolu a ʻehā paha mau lauoho o ke kumu o kēlā me kēia mekala. ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā lauoho Aferika nā lauoho. ʻO ka nui o ka mō'ī, ʻo ia hoʻi ke poʻo + ke kino, mai 30 a 90 cm. ʻO nā wahine ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne.
Ka manaʻo maoli! Hoʻohana ʻia ka lole pālule pangolin mai ka keratin. ʻO kēia ka mea pono e like me nā kui o kānaka. I kā lākou hoʻonohonohoʻana a me nā hoʻolālā, ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻenehana reptile.
ʻAʻohe mau niho. E hopu i ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ka dinosaurs i kahi ʻōlelo lōʻihi a me ka muscular e hiki ai ke lele aku i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. Ma nā ʻōhumu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka alelo e pili iā 16-18 cm. Ma nā kānaka nui, he 40 cm ka lelo.
Wahi e noho ai ke pangolin?
Nā kiʻi: Pangolin Raptor
Noho ʻo Pangolins i nā wahi like ʻole, me nā wahi nahele, nā mākeke paʻa ʻole, nā wahi pāpū a me nā wahie puʻu. Noho ka poʻe ʻApelika ma ka hema a ma ke kikowaena o ka ʻāpanaʻāina o ʻApelika: mai Sudan a me Senegal ma ka ʻākau i ka Republic of South Africa ma ka hema. ʻO ka wahi hānai o ka dinosaur ma Asia i kahi i hema o ke konana. Puu aku ia mai Pakistan ma ke komohana a hiki i Borneo i ka hikina.
Ua māhele ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano manuahi e like me kēia penei:
- Noho ka poʻe India ma Pakistan, Bangladesh, ʻo ka hapa nui o India, kekahi mau wahi ma Sri Lanka a me China,
- Kino - ma Nepal, Bhutan, ʻākau ʻĀsia, Burma, ʻĀkau Indochina, hema China a me Taiwan,
- ʻO ka Pelekikena Pangolin ka ʻike wale ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Palawan, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Filipina,
- Malay Pangolin - South Asia + Thailand + Indonesia + Philippines + Vietnam + Laos + Cambodia + Malaysia a me Singapore,
- Noho ʻo Pangolin temminckii kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau o ka hema hema o ʻApika, mai Sudan a me ʻAitiopa i ka ʻākau i Namibia a me Mozambique ma ka hema,
- Noho ʻo Giant i nā ʻāina he nui ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā kānaka i manaʻo ʻia i Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya,
- Woody pangolin - ʻ +lelo waena o ʻApelika, mai Kongo hoʻi i ka hikina a hiki i Senegal ma ke komohana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kīʻaha o ke kahawai ʻo Niger, a me ka muliwai Kongo,
- Noho ka Longtail ma nā ululāʻau o ʻApika-ʻApikaʻApika, ma ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika ma waena o Guinea a me Angola, ma waena o ka Central African Republic a Sudan a me Uganda.
Loaʻa nā ʻākana o nā pangolins lōʻihi a me nā Malaysian pangolins i nā māla i kanu ʻia, kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā lawehala e neʻe i ka poʻe. I kekahi mau manawa, ua nānā ʻia lākou ma nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā hana kanaka. Noho ka hapanui o nā mea ola ma ka ʻāina, ma nā lua i ʻoka a lākou iho a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Hōkuhi kēia! Noho ka lōʻihi ma ka lāʻau a me ka nahele (noho i nā palaolins) i loko o nā ululāʻau i nā lāʻau a pale i nā puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole ka piʻi i luna ma nā pāpū. Hiki pū i ka pangolin India ka piʻi i nā lāʻau, akā he ona kō lalo o lalo, no laila ke manaʻo ʻia nei he ʻāina nūhou.
Noho ka mga pangolins Woody i nā kumulāʻau ʻalopō, aʻo nā mea terrestrial e ʻeli nei i nā mea kani i lalo o ka hohonu o ka 3.5 m.
He aha nā meaʻai a pangolin?
Hoʻi kiʻi: Armadillo Pangolin
ʻO nā holoholona he holoholona manuahi Pangolins. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka liona o nā meaʻai he ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻalopela + akā, akā hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia e nā mea inikua ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpū. ʻAnapa iki lākou a e predisposed e hoʻopau i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ʻelua o nā pepeke, ʻoiai ke loaʻa nā nui he nui iā lākou. Hiki i ka līlio ke hoʻopau mai ka 145 a i 200 g nā pepeke i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO Pangolin kahi lula koʻikoʻi o ka lehulehu lahilahi ma ko lākou noho.
He mau maka maikaʻi ʻole nā leheleheo, no laila hilinaʻi nui lākou i ko lākou ʻano o ka honi a me ka lohe. Kuhi aku nā holoholona i ka momona a hoʻohana i ko lākou mau wāwae mua e wāwahi i nā nests wehe.ʻO ka nele ʻana o nā niho i ka pangolins e ʻae ʻia i nā ʻano pilikino ʻē aʻe e kōkua ana e ʻai i nā pōpoki a me nā huaʻōlelo.
Hōkuhi kēia! ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou alelo a me ka ʻōpū ke kī i ka hana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā iniseti. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lawaiʻa maʻa a me nā huaʻōlelo e hoʻopili i kā lākou ʻōlelo. ʻO ka hapa ʻole o nā niho ʻaʻole e ʻae i ka pangolins e humu, akā naʻe, ka meaʻai, ʻai lākou i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi (gastrolites). Hoʻomumu i loko o nā ʻōpū, kōkua lākou i ka hiehole.
He ikaika ko lākou ʻano koʻala, a he mea pono nā forelegs ikaika no ka wīwī i nā ʻao termite. Hoʻohana ʻo Pangolins i nā kīkuʻi ikaika mua e hao i nā lāʻau, ka lepo a me nā mea kanu i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka waiwai. Hoʻohana nō hoʻi lākou i nā ʻōlelo ākea e makaʻala i nā mea kani manuʻai a me ka mea pio. Hoʻohana ka poʻe pangolins i kā lākou mau iwi ikaika e kū ai i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a ʻāleʻa i ka ʻili mai ka ʻala, e hōʻike ana i nā nika manuahi i loko.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Whakaahua: ʻO Pangolin Beast
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pangolins nā holoholona nocturnal e hoʻohana i kahi hiʻu maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia e ʻimi ai i nā iniseti. ʻO ka Long-Tailed Raptor e hoʻohana pū i ke ao, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻolōʻihi i ka nui o ko lākou mau hiamoe hiamoe. ʻIke ʻia lākou he mau mea hana paʻa a pilikino.
Puhi kekahi mau pangolins me nā piko mua i lalo o ka uluna o ko lākou mau wāwae, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻohana ana i ka uluna āpau ma ko lākou mau pāpale hind. Eia kekahi, hiki i kekahi mau pangolins ke kū i kekahi manawa ma nā wāwae ʻelua a hele i kekahi mau wāwae me nā wāwae ʻelua. He poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi kekahi ʻo Pangolins.
- Noho ka pangolin India ma ka nui o nā ʻĀina e pili ana i ka nahele, ka nahele, nā pāpū a me nā kuahiwi. Noho ia ma nā puʻu, mai 2 a 6 m hohonu hohonu, akā hiki ke piʻi i nā lāʻau,
- Noho ka pangolin Kina ma nā ululāʻau subtropical a deciduous. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ia me ka muzzle kuhikuhi. Me nā wāwae ikaika a wīwī, eli ʻo ia i mau lua ʻelua mau haʻahaʻa ma lalo o 5 mau minuke,
- ʻO ka Pangolin o Pelekane paha, he lehulehu kēia i ka poʻe Malayan pangolin i hele mai mai Borneo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Pleistocene ma o nā wahi ala i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka he.
- Noho ka pangolin Malay ma ka ululāʻau kaiāulu, nā ʻanuʻu a me nā wahi me nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi. Kūpili ka ʻili o nā wāwae i kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula a palahu paha i nā lauoho liʻiliʻi,
- He paʻakikī ke nānā aku iā Pangolin temminckii. Hoʻopili ʻia e hūnā ma nā wahi me nā mea kanu koʻikoʻi. Ua loaʻa kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke kino. Noho ka pangolin kahe i nā nahele a me nā savona kahi i wai ai. ʻO kēia ka hapa nui loa, a hiki i ka 140 cm ka lōʻihi o nā kāne a hiki i ka 120 cm o nā wahine.
- Noho ka pangolin Woody ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau a i waena o nā mea kanu. I ka wā o ke kolohe, hiki iā ia ke hāpai i nā ʻāpana a hana i nā neʻe ākea me lākou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māka e neʻe ai i ke kaulike. Hoʻokani leo ʻo Emits i ka wā i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ai
- ʻO ka pangolin ka lōʻihi loa he anana o ka 60 cm. ʻO kēia mau ʻōlapa liʻiliʻi loa. Ma muli o kona nui a me ka hiehie, kū ke alakaʻi i kahi ala lāʻau. ʻAʻole ʻike ka ola o ka ola i ka hihiu, akā hiki ke noho pio ʻana no nā makahiki 20.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Whakaahua: Lako Pangolin
ʻO nā holoholona noho wale nā Pangolins. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o 40%. Hiki lākou i ka wā pōpilikia i nā makahiki ʻelua. He mau keiki ʻōpiopio ʻo ʻApelika i hoʻokahi keiki i ka hapai, hiki i nā ʻōhua ma ke kau ʻia nā mea ʻekolu i ʻekolu. ʻAʻole maopopo ia ke ʻano lā o ka māla. Hiki i nā Pangolins ke ulu i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā mai ka mahina ʻo Nowemapa a Malaki i makemake ʻia no lākou.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! No ka mea he holoholona manuahi nā pangolins, pono lākou e ʻike i kekahi i nā alahele o ka honi. ʻO ka kāne, ma kahi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wahine, e hōʻailona ʻo ia i kona wahi me ka waiū a me nā moʻo.
I ka wā e hoʻokūkū ai no kahi wahine, hoʻohana nā mea noi i ka huikau e like me ka mace i ka hakakā no ka manawa kūpono e mare. Holo ka wahine i ka hapaha o ʻehā a hiki i ʻelima mau malama, me ka ʻokoʻa nā lepa Pilipino a ka ʻōpala, he ʻelua wale nō ka nui o ka hānau ʻana o ka pūpū.
Hānau ʻia ʻo pangolin ka liʻiliʻi he 15 cm lōʻihi a kaupaona ma waena o 80 a 450 g. I ka wā hānau, ua hāmaka kona mau maka a palupalu kona kapa ʻōpū. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻopaʻakikī lākou i ka hana, e like me ka moʻo kanaka makua. Mālama nā māmā i kā lākou mau ʻāpana ma ke kāpī ʻana iā lākou me ko lākou kino puʻala, a, e like me nā mamalia a pau, e hānai iā lākou i ka waiū, aia ma kahi o nā kelu mammary.
Ka poʻe cubs ma luna o ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka wā i huli ai ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau makahiki. Ma hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, haʻalele mua lākou i ka lua a hoʻomaka e ʻai i ka anai. I loko o kēia mau kauahi, kūpaʻa loa nā keiki i ka makuahine (ma kekahi mau manawa, ua hoʻopili lākou i ka huʻu, e kū ana ma luna o ia). Kōkua kēia i ka pēpē no ka pōpilikia, huna koke ma lalo o ka makuahine i ka ʻāʻī o kona a me ke pale iā ia iho. I ka piha o nā makahiki ʻelua, lilo nā keiki i ka moekolohe a haʻalele a ko lākou makuahine.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pangolins
I ka holo ʻana o nā pangolins, hiki iā lākou ke ʻū i loko o ka pōpō e pale iā lākou iho. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pāpaʻi kaulike i kēia manawa e like me ka mea pale, pale i ka ʻoki i pale ʻole ʻia a e hoʻokau aku i nā mea e ʻike ʻia. Hoʻokahi lākou e kuhi ʻia i ka pōpō, paʻakikī loa lākou e kau.
Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi pōpō, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i nā alapiʻi, pana 30 a i 10 mau kekona. Hiki pū i nā Pangolins ke hoʻōla i nā mea hoʻohālua me kahi wai i hoʻolako ikaika i ka wai.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! Hoʻopili ʻo Pangolins i kahi mea ulu kino hona mai nā lepa mai kahi anus, ua like like me ka skunk spray.
Eia kekahi i nā poʻe, nā mea kikoʻī nui o nā pangolins i:
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka pangolin. I Africa, ua kiʻi ʻia nā pangolins e like me ka meaʻai. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia o ka ʻiʻo hihiu. Noi pū kekahi ʻo Pangolins ma Kina no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻiʻo ke manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻai maikaʻi, a manaʻo ʻia ka poʻe Kina (e like me kekahi poʻe ʻAmelika) e hoʻēmi ana ka pāpaʻi pangolin, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kahe koko a kōkua i nā wahine i ka wā lactation e hana ai i ka waiū.
Ua hōʻemi nui nā pangolins i ka hoʻomakeʻa ma muli o ka genetic dysfunction, kahi e hōʻeha ai iā lākou. I ka pio, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi pneumonia, nā ʻeha, a me nā mea hoʻi e hiki ai i ka make mua.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: holoholona ʻo Pangolin
Hōʻele ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau pangolins no ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻili, nā paona a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka hopena, ua emi nā kānaka o nā ʻano like ʻole i kēia mau makahiki i hala.
Nui kekahi mau hoʻoweliweli i ka pangolin:
- Hoʻopiʻi
- ʻO nā ahi e hoʻopau ai i ko lākou ala,
- Ka mahiai
- Hoʻopiʻi manuʻai
- Ke kiʻi ʻana no kekahi holoholona.
Ua hopu nā luna i nā kamaliʻi, nā pahu a me nā ʻeke o ka ʻiʻo, nā unahi a me nā holoholona ola. Kuhi aku nā holoholona holoholona iā lākou i nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻohana ana i nā holoholona no ka meaʻai. Hoʻonui ka loea ʻo Pangolin ma Kina i nā mahina ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka manaʻoʻiʻo e kōkua ke koko pangolin e mālama i ka wela o ke kino a hoʻonui i ka hana moekolohe. ʻOiai ke laka ʻia, aia kekahi mau hale ʻaina Kina e lawelawe mau nei i ka ʻiʻo pangolin ma nā kumukūʻai e 50 a 60 euro i hoʻokahi kilokilo.
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nā Pangolins e loaʻa i nā mana kilokilo. ʻO nā unahi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ke apo e lilo ana i talisman no ka rheumatism. Hoʻohui kekahi mau pūʻulu o nā kānaka i nā ʻili me ka ʻili mai nā lāʻau, me ka manaʻo o ka pale ʻana kēia i nā ʻuhane kilokilo a me nā ʻuhane ʻino. I kekahi manawa ua puhi ʻia nā mea kaupaona e pale i ka holoholona hihiu. Manaʻo kekahi mau ʻohana e hana ka ʻiʻo o ka pangolins i mea aphrodisiac. A ma kekahi mau wahi ua kā ʻia ʻia lākou i nā hanana kapa i ka ua.
Palekana Pangolin
Kuhi: Pangolin Red Book
Ma muli o ke kīhā, ua hāʻule ka heluna o nā ʻano ʻewalu i kahi nui a ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā holoholona me ka hemo o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 21.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! Ma ka makahiki 2014, ua kuhi ʻo IUCN i ʻehā mau puʻupuʻu kokoke i ka palupalu, ʻelua mau ʻano - ʻelua pangolin (M. crassicaudata) a me Philippine pangolin (M. culionensis) - e like me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia, a ʻelua mau puaʻa - M. javanica a me ka pangolin Kina - e like me ka hoʻoweliweli nā nalowale. Ua kākau ʻia lākou a pau ma ka Buke Red.
Ua loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona i ka hōʻino weliweli, a i nā ʻelele i ka 17th Conference ma International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES) ma Johannesburg, South Africa, ua koho e kāohi i ka hana kūʻai honua o nā pangolins ma 2016.
ʻO kekahi ala ʻē i ka hakakā ʻana me ka pāpā ʻole ʻana i nā mākaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kālā no ka holoholona, me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻohiolo ʻana i ka loaʻa kālā mai nā mea kīʻaha ma ke kau ʻana i nā kahe kālā. I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻomaka ka hapa aupuni o kahi Kina i kahi neʻe - Pangolin noho, e kāhea ana i nā hana hoʻoikaika e hoʻopakele i kahi mamalia kūʻokoʻa. Ua hōʻike ka pūʻulu TRAFFIC i nā ala lawaiʻa 159 a manaʻo e kāpae iā lākou.
Nā ʻōpala ʻApelika
Nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i:
1) Giant Raptor (Manis gigantea). ʻO ka nui loa o nā pangolins. Aia ia ma Central a me West Africa, alakaʻi i kahi ʻano ʻāina.
I ke kiʻi, hōʻike ʻo ka pangolin i kona alana lōʻihi.
2) Steppe lizard (Manis temminckii). Loaʻa ʻia ia ma nā savannas a me nā anuepona o ke kūkulu hema a me Africa Hikina. Noho kēia ʻano terestrial ma ka hemo i lalo i kekahi mau hohonu hohonu, e hoʻopau ana i loko o nā keʻena puni, ai kekahi manawa ākea nui a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokomo pono i kahi kanaka i kā lākou kiʻekiʻe.
I ke kiʻi, ua pāholo ka pūpū pae kolepa i loko o ka pale palekana. ʻO kēia pale ka mea maikaʻi e pale i nā ʻāpana o ke kino: ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū o loko o nā wāwae.
3) Lohi lōʻihi lōʻihi (ʻehā manamana lima) (Manis tetradactyla). Loaʻa ia ma nā ululāʻau o ʻApelika Komohana, ke alakaʻi nei ia i ka ola nui arboreal. ʻO kona huelo lōʻihi. Loaʻa kēia ʻano holoholona i kahi helu caudal vertebrae ma waena o nā mommals - 46-47. Hāpai ʻo ia e pale aku i kona mau hoahānau nui, neʻe i ka lā i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā nīnū a me nā nīnū o nā hua lāʻau, a i ʻole e hoʻouka kaua i nā kolamu o kēia mau pepeke.
4) Raptor White-bellied (Manis tricuspis). Noho ia ma Central a me West Africa, noho i nā wahi o 20-30 hectar ma ka lalo o ka ulu lāʻau. Kūʻokoʻa kona mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. I ka pau ʻana o ka huelo aia kahi wahi ʻole, loaʻa i ka papa sensory, i mea e kōkua ai iā ia e loaʻa kahi wahi kūpono no ka hopu ʻana.
I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka pangolin ke keʻokeʻo e kāwili ana i kahi lālā me kāna lāʻī lōʻihi.
Nā ʻoliā Asia
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano ʻē oʻAmelika i ko lākou mau ʻāpana a ko ʻAmelika i hui nui ʻia e ka hele ʻana o ka huluhulu ma ke kumu o nā mea haʻo. Eia kekahi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ʻAmelika, kahi liʻiliʻi ʻo ʻAsia. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e like me ka ʻAmelika. Noho lākou ma nā nahele, ma nā pali pālahalaha a ma nā kaupaku o nā puʻu, akā, he mau wahi āpau lākou. ʻ specieslelo ʻlelo Asia:
1) India Raptor (Manis crassicaudata). ʻO kēia ʻano, kahi ʻāpana nui loa, e noho nei ma India. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pangolins o India e alakaʻi i kahi ala ʻāina.
2) Niwi (Indochinese) lizard (Manis javanica). Hoʻouna ʻia ma Indonesia a me Indochina. ʻOluʻolu mālie nā lau a me ka lāʻau.
3) Kaʻena (eared) lika (Manis pentadactyla). Loaʻa ia ma nā ululāʻau deciduous a me subtropical o ke kūkulu ʻākau o India, Nepal a me ka hema o Kina. Hoʻokoʻa ʻē ia mai kona mau hoahānau e nā hoʻoili hoʻokele nui i hoʻomohala ʻia. Ma ka maʻamau ke noho nei ma ka honua, akā inā hiki i ka pōʻino ke piʻi koke i kahi lāʻau.
I kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka lis Philippine (Manis culionensis). Hoʻonui i ka Pelekane, i loaʻa ma nā mokupuni nui o Filipina ma ka moku ʻo Palawan.
Makemake e ʻike i nā mea āpau
ʻO ka wā mua aʻu i ʻike ai i kahi pangolin (lat. Pholidota), hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo no he armadillo ʻoe, akā he mau holoholona ʻokoʻa loa kēia. ʻO nā Pangolins nā lizards na ka nui o nā maʻi mamental. ʻO ka inoa o nā mea palaka mai nā huaʻōlelo "pengguling", i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo ʻ Malaylelo Malay i ke ʻano o "curl into a ball". ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kū mai kahi pōʻino, e piʻi pinepine nei ka pangolin i kekahi pōpō.
ʻO ka inoa maoli i ka Latin nā leo e like me Pholidota. ʻO nā kiʻi kolo o kēia ʻano he pinepine ka lōʻihi o 30 a 88 sentimimeter, a ʻo ka nui o kā lākou huelo e pili pinepine ana i ka nui o ke kino ponoʻī. ʻĀnō mau ʻāpana like waiwai i kahi maka.
Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa he 8 mau ʻano o kēia mau "dragon-hedgehog" (e kāhea lākou iā lākou no ka leʻaleʻa). ʻO kekahi o lākou - 4 ʻano ola - e noho ana ma ke kaona o ka Hema a me ka Equatorial Africa, a me ke koena - ma Asia Hema.
Hoʻokahi ʻanoʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano pono. No laila, i kēia manawa e holo koke mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā pangolins, a laila e kamaʻilio ʻokoʻa mākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano.
He ʻaʻihi lōʻihi loa kēia mau holoholona, i kekahi manawa hiki ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona. ʻO ke kino āpau o luna, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka waenakonu o ka muzzle a hoʻopau i ka neʻe o ka huʻu, i uhi ʻia i nā lālani pōkole o nā papa ʻelima o ka hina-brown or brown-yellow. ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho o nā unahi i ʻoi aku ai ka holoholona, ʻoiai ke lohi nei, e wikiwiki koke i ka pōpō. ʻO ka ihu wale, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻili o loko o nā wāwae e noho mau ai ʻo "ka mālama ʻole". ʻO kēia mau wahi i uhi ʻia i ka hulu huluhulu pōkole.
Kuhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, hiki iā lākou ke holoi, akā ke kau nei nā mea hou i ko lākou wahi. I kēia hihia, e loli ʻole ka nui o nā lihi. ʻO ka uhi ʻia ʻo ia ka "dragon" hana i nā hana pale pilikino a ʻaʻohe pono e pili i ka pū i ka uhi o nā reptile, e like me nā buoc.
Hoʻohana nui ʻo Pangolins i nā semale a me nā termites, ʻo ia paha ke kumu ke nānā aku nei lākou me he mea lā he anteater, a keu nā puʻupuʻu elongated a me ka puʻu liʻiliʻi. E like me nā holoholona āpau me ia meaʻai kīnāwai o ia ʻano, he lōʻihi a wili ke alelo. ʻO kona lōʻihi e pili ana i 40 cm. ʻO nā ʻōpū e hana ai i ka alelo e hana ma ka umauma a hiki i ka pelvis.
ʻAʻohe ona niho, no laila, e hoʻohui i ka ʻai mea ola, ua uhi ʻia nā paia o ka ʻōpū i ka epithelium keratinized me nā mea ulu keratinized. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka pangolin ke ale i nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, nāna hoʻi e kōkua i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai e ka wawahi ʻana i nā paia o nā anthills me nā wāwae ikaika o lākou. Akā, ʻaʻole wale ia. Ka mea hele aku ka pīniu o nā pangolins i nā kime, a holo lākou i lalo iā ia e like me ka meli.
Uhaʻi ʻia nā maka liʻiliʻi i nā pūnohi laulima, nā pale maikaʻi loa mai nā kū ʻana o nā popo a me nā termites. ʻAʻole pono ka mea palani ma ke nānā ʻana me ka lohe, akā he mea maikaʻi loa kona ʻono.
ʻO nā holoholona nocturnal nā holoholona. Noho lākou i nā lua hohonu a i nā hollows. Pahu maikaʻi kekahi ʻano lāʻau. Ka neʻe wikiwiki nei lākou - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3.5 - 5 km / h. No laila, ke hele mai ka mea hoʻoweliweli, piʻi lākou i ka pōpō a uhi i ko lākou mau poʻo i kahi ʻoi ikaika. E hoʻokiolo iā lākou e pono ai ka ikaika a me ka dexterity. ʻO nā mea hoʻonani nui a ikaika loa, e like me nā leopard a me nā tigers paha, hiki ke hana i kēia. ʻO kekahi pale ʻē aʻe o ka pangolin ka mea huna ʻona ʻia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā kinipona anal.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona, he aloha wale nō, manawa manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai i ka wahine me kahi liʻiliʻi ma kona kua. Lawe ʻia nā Offspring i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, ma ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo. Noho ke kiaʻi ma muli o 4-5 mau mahina. Hānau pū ʻia nā pangolins a ʻAmelika i 1 cub, a ʻo ʻAmelika mai ka 1 a hiki i 3. ʻO ka pēpē i hānau maikaʻi ʻia ka pēpē, akā he hairless a me nā palupalu palupalu, kahi e hoʻomaka maoli ai e paakiki i kekahi mau lā.
E like me nā mommals a pau, ka manawa mua o ko lākou ola, mālama ka ʻai pangolin i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina ua hoʻololi lākou i ka meaʻai karnivorous. I ka hihia, hiki koke ka makuahine ke hānai i kāna keiki i ka "kani" o kona kino.
Hoʻokomo wale ka pelekedena pangolin i kēia wale nō ʻohana Līlani (Manidae) me ʻehā genera o kēia wā, aia ma laila he 8 mau ʻano, a i kēia manawa e ʻike kākou i kēlā me kēia. E hoʻomaka, e noʻonoʻo i ka "ʻAmelika" (ka poʻe e noho ana i ka Hema a i ʻole Equatorial Africa):
1. ʻO ka Raptor Kū lōʻihi (Uromanis tetradactyla) Noho ʻia ma nā kumulāʻau i loko o ka ululāʻau o ʻApelika Komohana. Aia ia ka moʻo lōʻihi loa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 30-40 cm, a ʻo kahi huelo he 60-70 cm.
2. Giant Raptor (Smutsia gigantea) ʻO ka nui nui loa.ʻO kona lōʻihi ka 75-80 cm, a ʻo kona huelo he 50-65 cm.hō ka nui o nā papa ʻehā. ʻAʻole e like me ka līkeke lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻāina a kālai i nā lua. Noho ia ma Central a me West Africa.
3. Raptor keʻokeʻo (Phataginus tricuspis) ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 35-45 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 40-50 cm. Mai ka inoa ua ʻike ia he māmā ka lauoho ma kona ʻōpū. Hoʻohui pū ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona e nā ʻuʻina liʻiliʻi me nā pupu liʻiliʻi. Noho ia ma nā ululāʻau o West a me Central Africa. Noho ma nā kumulāʻau.
Laki Paki (Smutsia temminckii) ʻO ka wikiwiki loa a ma mua o nā ʻano 8. ʻO kēia wahi ka laulima a me nā punahele o ka East a me ʻAmelika Hema. E makemake e noho i ka ʻāina.
ʻ, i kēia manawa ua loaʻa nā mea kanu ma Southwest Asia:
1. ʻO Filipina Raptor (Manis culionensis) Noho nui ia ma kekahi mau mokupuni ʻo Pilipo kahi hapa o ka ʻāina ʻo Palawan.
2. India Raptor (Manis crassicaudata) ʻO nā ʻano ʻano wale nō e ʻeli ana i nā lua hohonu e pau ana i loko o kahi lumi moe. Ola, e like me kāu i hoʻomaopopo ai, ma India. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - 60-65 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - 45-50 cm. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia me nā ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāpana polūʻeleʻele.
3. Nā Raptor Pelekane (ʻO Manis javanica) Hauʻoli nui ia i nā lei o ka lāʻau a i ka ʻāina anu. He wahi nui kona noho. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai iā ia ma ke kahua ʻo Malaka, ma Indochina a i Indonesia. Ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi waiona nui a me ka huluhulu brown.
4. ʻEne Raptor (Manis pentadactyla) Loaʻa i kona inoa no nā ʻoihana holomua i hoʻomohala ʻia. Noho ma nā wao nahele o Nepal, South China a me North India. E makemake nui ia i ka pāpaona ma lalo o kona mau wāwae, akā hiki nō iā ia ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau inā pono. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - 50-60 cm, ʻili - 30-40 cm.
ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa i lilo i hale maikaʻi loa no nā kānaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kamaaina kamaʻāina iā lākou me ka nui e like me ka ʻiʻo, ka mea e ʻono e like me ka puaʻa, akā ka hapa nui no nā ʻili a me nā ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa kekahi mau kānaka i kā lākou mau pū i ka mana kupaianaha - pale mai ka hōʻekele ʻana i nā liona, a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - pale aku i ka moe kolohe a me nā maʻi.
I ka makahiki 2012, nānā nā luna hana Thai i ka pangolin i ka wā o ka hālāwai kūkā ma Bangkok, Thailand. Ua hoʻopakele nā luna hoʻomalu i nā pangolins 138 i hoʻopau ʻia he $ 46,000, a kokoke lākou e lawe i waho o ka ʻāina a e ʻai iho. (Apichart Weerawong / Hui Hoʻohui Kūʻai)
ʻElua mau pūlama kūloko e noho nei i loko o kahi hīnaʻi, Bangkok, Thailand. (Sakchai Lalit / Associated Press)
Hiki i nā Pangolins ke kū mālie i nā wāwae hind o ka mea ke nānā maoli i kēia ʻāina. ʻOiai, ʻo kā lākou kākoʻo nui loa ka huluhulu. I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, hoʻowalewale kahi pangolin i kahi hopena pale. ʻAʻole wale lākou i ka lepe i ka pōpō, akā pū kekahi i kahi ʻono maikaʻi ʻole e lawelawe nei e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi. Inā hoʻololi ʻia ka pangolin i kahi pōpō, hiki nō iā ia ke paʻakikī a kāpae.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ʻo Pangolin ka mālama ʻana i ka noho pio ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui ka ʻai nui o nā dinosaurs i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō. I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka pīpī ke hiki mai i 150 a 2000 g kahi ʻano o nā pepeke a me nā termites.
Puʻuwai ʻo Pangolin
ʻO nā Pangolins ka nui o nā nocturnal (koe wale nō ʻo ka ʻolohola nui mau poʻo ʻApelika) a, me he mea laʻa, he mehameha. I ka lā, ua noho malū nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika i nā ʻuā o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a hoʻomaha ka nui o nā hua lāʻau i nā pupu a i nā lei aliʻi, nā ʻūhū ʻia i waena o nā epiphyte a i nā ʻoki lāʻau. Piʻi lākou i nā ʻala kuahiwi o nā kumu me ke kōkua o nā kī lū i mua, a ʻo nā kihi o ka serrated i nā pale o ka huelo e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo hou.
Hele wāwae pinepine nā lizards, hakakā nā elima hakakā e hoʻohemo ai a lohi i ka neʻe. Ke hele wāwae nei, pana maila ka holoholona iā lākou i loko, a kūhiʻu i ka ʻāina me nā ʻaoʻao waho o kona mau ʻōpū. Akā inā hele nā pangolins i nā wāwae hind, aʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huelo e lilo ai i kaulike, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki i luna (a hiki i 5 km / h).
He ʻike leʻa a me ka lohe ʻana o Pangolins, akā hiki iā lākou ke haʻaheo i ke ʻano ʻono o ka ʻono - ke hoʻoponopono nei ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa e nā mea ʻoni. Hōʻike ʻo Pangolins i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau e pili ana i ko lākou heleʻana, e lūlū ana i nā feces ma ke ala a waiho ana i nā hōʻailona o ka urine a me ka hūnā caustic o nā kime anal i loko o nā kumulāʻau. Ma nā leka paʻi, hiki ke ʻike i nā hoalauna e pili ana i ke kūlana hana a me ke kūlana nui.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kani e hana ʻia e nā pangolins i pant a i ona.
Kauʻai
ʻO nā Pangolins o nā ʻano holoholona manu he manuahi ʻole. He poʻe punahele nui lākou i nā ʻōpala a me nā termite, a, e like me nā kahe ʻoniʻoni ʻAmelika Hema, nā nā pangolins e ʻimi i kā lākou noho a me ka māka ʻalihi.
Hoʻohana nā Pangolins i kā lākou mau mana ikaika e hoʻopau i nā nests o nā anites earthen a me nā popo. Hiki i ka pangolin mana keʻai i nā mea he 200 tausani mau ʻaihue me ka nui o ka 700 700 a ka pō.
Ke hānai ʻia ka pangolin, nā maka o ka holoholona mai nā kui o nā popo e pale i nā pūlehu hohonu, aʻo nā ʻūhā kūikawā i kālai ʻia i ka ʻili.
Pūnaehana ʻohana
ʻO ka wā māmā o ka pangolins hāʻule i ka lā Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. Noho ka kia hāpai i ka lā 65-70 mau lā (India pangolin) a i 139 mau lā (steppe a me nā pangolins keʻokeʻo-ʻula). Noho ʻia ka hānau keiki mai Nowemapa a Malaki. Kēia mau wahine o nā poʻe o Aferika i lawe mai i hoʻokahi mau paona he 200-500 ka mika, ma ʻAsia 2 a hiki i nā 3 mau pēpē e hānau pinepine ʻia. Ma hope iho o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau ʻōpala i ka huelo o ko lākou makuahine a hiki ke holo like me ia a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōpū, a hiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki ʻoi a mau makahiki. I ka pōpilikia, pale ka makuahine i nā pēpē e ka hūnā ʻana iā lākou. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kauā ʻo nā terrestrial i loko o kahi lua, a no ka manawa mua i holo ai lākou ma ka huelo o ko lākou makuahine ma nā hebedoma 2-4.
I ke kiʻi: ua ʻānai nā aliʻi e pili ana i ka huelo o kona makuahine.
Hele nā Pangolins i nā wā hala a ʻelua mau makahiki.
Mea ʻai
ʻO nā holoholona he manuahi ʻo Pangolin. Ma ka puʻuwai o nā meaʻai he ʻano ʻano o anai a me nā popo, kā lākou hua. ʻAʻohe mau meaʻai ʻē aʻe i nā momi. Hōʻike ka meaʻai manuahi, lilo i ka hana lole i hiki ke papa i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i ka pio, i ka home.
I ka pō, e ʻai ana kahi pangolin nui ma kahi kahu hānai a hiki i 200,000 mau ʻalalā. I loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ka huina o ka nui o ka hānai e like me 700 gram. Hiki i kahi holoholona hānaiʻai ke luku i kahi kolone nui o nā antsi i ka hapalua hola, e hoʻopiha i ka ʻōpū me kahi wahiʻai a hiki i 1.5-2 kg. Nā meaʻai Pangolin ua maloʻo nā pepeke, no laila, pono nā holoholona i komo mau i ka wai.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kīhāpai e makemake nui nā lolo e noho i loko o nā kaila kai. ʻO ka wai inu e inu ka wai, e like me ka anteaters, ma o ka alelo, e ʻōlelo nui ʻia a huki ʻia i loko o ka waha.
Kōkua ikaika nā wāwae paʻa i ke kōkua e luku i nā nart earthen o ka anai. Hōʻalo ka holoholona i nā paia o nā anthills. A laila e nānā ka lelo lōʻihi i ka hale noho. ʻO ka wai momona he mea momona e like me kahi hanu meli.
Hoʻopili ke ʻōla i ka alelo ʻōlelo. A lawa ka lawa ʻana iā lākou, ua kau maila ka pangolin i kāna alelo i loko o kona waha, a meʻa ke kai i ka mea i make. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka lanakila ke anthill i ka manawa, mālama ka pangolin i ka koloni i ka paila e like me ka lem e hoʻihoʻi i ka lā aʻe no ka waiwai.
ʻO kekahi ala e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai mai nā lāʻau pangolins. Hoʻopili lākou i nā nalo pepeke ma lalo o ka pau o nā lāʻau. Ke kau nei i nā kāwili o nā lepa e hopu ai i nā wahi o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, e haehae i nā ʻokiʻoki me kā lākou mau lehelehe a hoʻolaha i kahi huaʻōlelo maikaʻi i loko.
Mai nā bect in nā pepeke, uhi ʻia ka līpī i nā maka me nā lau ʻili, nā ʻūhā kūikawā e pale i nā pūnaka.
Hoʻopili i nā kime, nā huaʻōlelo, kekahi mau ʻano pangolins e hānai ana i nā ʻikena, nā kime, a me nā lele.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai i nā ʻōpua wai, ua one. Hāpala lākou i nā mea inana, a me nā niho palaoa i loko o ka ʻōpū, palaka ka epithelium mai loko i loko e kōkua i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mea ʻai.
Ke kūlana ʻona
Kūʻai nui nā Pangolins ma muli o ka ʻiʻo a me nā unahi, ma muli o kēia mau holoholona mai nā mammals a pau o ka honua i lilo i mea nui o ka kālepa kālepa nui loa. ʻO ka ʻiʻo i makemake e like me ka puaʻa i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa, a ua loaʻa nā mea unahi i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka nui o nā moʻomeheu o ʻAsia, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka pauloko mai nā unahi o kēia mau holoholona i kahi hoʻōla a me ka aphrodisiac. Pane ka make ʻana a make ʻole ʻo Pangolins i kekahi wā lōʻihi, a ʻimi lawaiʻa ʻole ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole, a ʻo kā lākou pahuhopu nui e pale aku ai i nā mea e kau mai nei. ʻO kēia mau mea i alakaʻi i ka manaʻo i kēia lā ua kokoke ka dinosaurs i ka palena o ka luku.
Mai ka makahiki 1994, ua komo nā ʻano kīwila me nā CITES Appendix II. ʻOiai ʻo ka mālama ʻia ʻana e ka kānāwai ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina home, ua hōʻino ka lawelawe o ke kānāwai a me nā koi kānāwai ma nā wahi he nui o kēia mau ʻāina. ʻO kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ke pāpā maʻamau i ka kālepa ma nā ʻano ʻehā o ka pangolin, ma ka hapa nui o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana o nā unahi, ʻoiai he mea hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia. No laila, ʻaʻohe pono nā hana ʻenekele i nā manawa no ka pale ʻana i nā pangolins, no ka mea hiki ʻole i nā luna maʻamau ke hoʻoholo i nā ʻano o ke kālepa.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā pīpī i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻokō i ka noi no lākou, ʻoiai hoʻi i Kina a me Vietnam, ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻolimalima e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻolako holoholona mai nā ʻāina ʻē o Asia Hema a me ka subcontinent o India. Hoʻopau pinepine nā luna lawaiʻa i nā waiwai hūnā i loaʻa i nā ʻiʻo maloʻo a me nā kaulua pangolin. I ka ʻike ʻana o kēlā pēpē i ka poʻe pangolin ka lehulehu, ua kākau ʻo IUCN i ʻelua mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻAmelika i ka māhele o ka "pilikia".
Ke kūleʻa nei nā lehulehu o ʻAmelika, e piʻi aʻe ka koi no nā ʻōpiopio ʻApika. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo IUCN i nā ʻano ʻehā ʻehā o nā pangolins o Aferika i ka māhele o ka "hina", ʻo ia ka mea i ulu nui ʻia no ka piʻi ʻana o ka poaching, hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o kēia mau holoholona ma ʻĀsia.
I nā makahiki he 10 i hala iho nei, ua make ma mua o ka 1 miliona mau pangolins i nā poachers i mea e loaʻa ai i ka ʻi a me nā mea kaupaona. No ka mea he lohi nā momi lika nā lizards, hiki i kēia hana ke alakaʻi i ka nalo hope ʻole mai ke ʻano o nā ʻōiwi a pau o nā pangolins.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai o nā pangolins i ka hāʻule, me ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā ʻano ʻenehana a hiki i 70 lā, i loko o ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo a me nā keʻokeʻo a i keʻokeʻo - a i ka 140 lā. E loaʻa i nā lizika no Aferika i hoʻokahi pākahi, pākahi nā lizika ma Asia e piʻi i ʻekolu. ʻO ka paona o nā pēpē e pili ana i 400 g, ka lōʻihi a hiki i 18 cm.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, palupalu nā unahi o nā cubs ma hope o kekahi mau lā. Ma hope o 2-3 mau pule, e pili ana nā pēpē i ka huelo o ka makuahine, e ʻimi iā ia a hiki i ka loaʻa iā lākou ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻomaka nā mea kanu holoholona i kahi mai hoʻokahi mahina. I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, kuʻo nā makuahine i nā pēpē. ʻO Pangolins e lilo i wahine a ʻoi loa he 2 makahiki.
ʻO ke ola o nā pangolins e pili ana i 14 mau makahiki. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā poʻe loea liʻiliʻi e hoʻonui i nā lehulehu a hoʻonui i ke ola i nā mea pīpī kupaianaha, akā he nui nā pilikia e loaʻa ai ka hua olakino o kēia mau holoholona hihiu.
Nui ka poʻe e ʻike pangolin i ke kiʻi, akā ʻo ka mea nui ka mālama ʻana ia i loko o ke kai kūlohelohe, i ʻole ka wā kahiko i ko lākou ola i ʻoki ʻia i ka hewa o ke kanaka.