ʻO Balaenopteridae ʻohana: nā kohola Minke ![]()
Ka mōʻaukala ʻoihana
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi Mysticeti mai Odontoceti (nā kohola pipi ʻoki) mai 26 a 17 miliona mau makahiki i ka wā o ka Eocene. ʻO kā lākou pilina e pili ana me ka archaic toothed cetaceans (nā kohola kahiko) ʻaʻole i ʻike mau a hiki i ka hala ʻana. Janjucetus hunderi ʻIke ʻia ia i nā makahiki 1990 i Victoria, Australia. E like me nā kohola pīpī modern Janjucetus i mustachioed i ka iwi a me ka mea i hiki ke mākaukau biosonar. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka iwi ʻīlio no nā niho, me ka incisors a me nā fangs i kūkulu ʻia no ka hakake ʻana a me nā molars a me nā premolars i kūkulu ʻia no ka ʻuhaʻī. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kēia mau baleen i kēia mau mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kohola minke o kēia wā Mammalodon aole ana ana ana mamua o 10 mole (3 m). Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei e hoʻonui ka nui o kā lākou hilinaʻi ma ka ʻōpala. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka wehe i ka kahakaha wai Llanocetus , ʻo ka lua mysticete mua loa, hāʻawi ia i ka lōʻihi o 8 mau mika (26 mau wāwae), kahi e hōʻike ana i kahi kānana mea ʻai, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano hoʻokūkū i ka holomua mysticete. Ke wehe ʻana Janjucetus a ʻo kekahi, e like me kēia e hōʻike nei, ua hele ka ulu ʻana o ke mustachioed i kekahi mau kaalolo nui. Nā mea like Mammalodon colliveri no nā mea pīpī ʻole, aʻo nā ʻano like ʻole e like Aetiocetus weltoni e like me ka mustachioed a me nā niho, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki iā lākou ke hānai i kahi kānana palena, a hoʻolōʻihi, e like cetoterium ʻaʻohe nā niho o ka waha, ʻo ia hoʻi, kau kā hilinaʻi wale ʻia i ka lāʻau a hiki ke hiki ke kānana wale i ka ʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka makahiki ʻo Toothless Maiabalaena e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau clones i ulu ʻia ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻōmole.
ʻO Mystacodon selenensis ʻo ka mysticete mua loa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 37 a hiki i ka 33 miliona mau makahiki i hala (miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) i ka Late Eocene, a, e like me nā lā mustachios dentate mua, a i ʻole "archaeomysticetes", M. selenensis aia ka heterodontism dentition i hoʻohana ai i ka ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ka Archaeomysticetes mai Oligocene o Mammalodontidae ( Mammalodon a Janjucetus ) mai Australia. He liʻiliʻi lākou me nā pōkole pōkole a me kahi formula dental primitive (3.1.4.3 3.1.4.3). I loko o nā kohola minke, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hoʻonui ʻia ka waha e hoʻolako ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i ka hānai ʻana i nā mea ʻike loea no ka kānana māmala holumena. Toedhed Oligocidae mammalodontid Janjucetus , a pōkole a nui ka waha symphysis, pālahalaha nā pā, a lahilahi nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaha o luna, hōʻike ʻia kahi pono no ka hoʻolana ʻana i ka minamina. Aetiocetid Chonecetus mau pu nō naʻe he mau niho, akā ʻo ka hiki ʻana o kahi pū i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻāʻī e hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka symphysis, e ʻae ia i ka huli ʻana o kēlā me kēia kuʻuna, kahi ʻano mua o ka hānai volumetric e like me ka mustachioed hou.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kūpuna mua ʻole o ka baleen ma mua o ka radiation mua ma ka pau ʻana o ka Oligocene. Eomysticetus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ia, ʻaʻohe hōʻike i loko o ke kaʻe o ka hiki ʻana o ka echolocation, hōʻike ʻia lākou e hilinaʻi nui i ko lākou mau maka no ka hoʻokele. He rostra lōʻihi ka nui o ka eomysticetes no ka nele o nā niho, a he mau pūpū ko lākou i ka hapalua o ka ʻaoʻao o ka muzzle. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi ka ʻono i kēia mau hoʻohālike, ua manaʻoʻiʻo lākou ua luhi a hoʻoulu ʻia. Holo i nā kohola miocene mau kohola nui e like me nā kohola pepehi manu sperm a megalonaona .
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ʻO ka papahele o nā kohola minke a me nā kohola i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi i hana ʻia ai kēia, akā manaʻo maʻamau na lākou, e like me kā lākou huaʻāina, a laila plankton migration. Ua nalowale kēia mau ʻōlima ma mua a heterodontism aloha i ke aloha ʻana i nā mea pīpī, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei ua noho ʻia ma kahi pākuʻaha kūikawā, plankton, a i ʻole kope kīpī, e like me nā kūmole o nā lā. Uaʻike ʻo Mustachioed i kona radiation mua i ka waena o ka Miocene. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei kēia maʻi ma muli o ka loli o ka honua a me ka hana nui o ke kaʻo, ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ʻo Antarctica a me Ausetalia mai kēlā me kēia mai, e hana ana i kahi aniani Antartika. I kēia manawa, ua nui loa ka Balaenopterids me nā ʻano like Balaenoptera sibbaldina iʻa kekahi mau puaʻa hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū o ka nui o ka nui, ʻoiai he nui nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i ʻae ʻole ua ulu nā baleen, kahi nui i Miocene.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka loli no ka loli ʻana o ka wā i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka nui o nā plankton i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka honua, e pono ai ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hele ʻana ma waena o nā kumu hoʻomohala ākea, kahi hoʻi i hana ai i ka hōʻemi o ka metabolic rate a me ka hānai ʻana i nā baitballs . ^ E Ha yM. 2017 ʻO kahi loiloi o ka nui o ke kino e kau nei i nā ʻikepili mai nā fossils a me nā baleen hou e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka manaʻo nui i loko o nā kohola minke he hanana hou kēia o kēia, ua manaʻo ʻia aia he 3.1 miliona i hala, a hiki i ka 4 miliona miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nui nā baleen ma mua o 10 mika (33 ft) i ka lōʻihi, ʻelua mau iwi Miocene ʻelua i emi loa ma 13 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻōmua mua o ka manaʻo a me ka kānana o ka hānai i ka lōʻihi o ka hānai i mua o ka ulu ʻana o nā nui kino nunui, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka ʻōhumu o nā hana ʻai hou ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i ka gigantism. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o AET a me kona hopena i ka lewa honua ua haʻalele ia me ka kumu no ke kumu like. ʻO ka Gigantism mua hoʻi i ka wehe ʻana o nā laina mysticete like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, hele mai nā clones nui i loko o nā nui like ʻole o kēlā me kēia. ʻO ia ke hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana Plio-Pleistocene i ka hoʻoulu kū ʻana i ka hanana ākea o nā kumu wai o ke kūlike o ka hana kiʻekiʻe i alakaʻi i ka gigantism.
Holo kālai
ʻO nāʻauʻau ʻawaʻawa, nā paʻakai manuahi e hilinaʻi ana i kā lākou mau pua no ka neʻe ʻana i ka pterygoid, e like me nā penguins a me nā ʻōniʻu moana. ʻO ka neʻe ka flipper e hoʻomau. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana nā koholā baleen i kā lākou huelo ʻeke e hoʻomoʻo iā lākou i mua o ka neʻe kū, me ka hoʻohana i kā lākou huʻu no ka hoʻokele, e like me ka otter. Ua lele aku kekahi mau mea waho mai ka wai, hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki. No ka nui o ko lākou nui, ʻaʻole i like ka pīpī a loli a ʻano like me nā dolphins, a ʻaʻohe mea e hiki ke neʻe iā lākou i ka ʻāʻī mai ka lusilima kuʻuku wahaheʻe; kaumaha ʻo ia i ka wikiwiki no ka paʻa i ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā wāwae ʻōpū i loko o ke kino, a manaʻoʻiʻo ia he mau ʻāpana vestigial. Eia naʻe, kahi hōʻike 2014 e hōʻike nei e kākoʻo ana ka iwi pelvic i nā kohina genital.
ʻO nā rorquals, ke pono o ka kūkulu ʻana o ka wikiwiki e hānai i ka nui, he nui nā Hoʻohui e hōʻemi i ka pale ʻana, me ke kino streamlines, kahi moni dorsal liʻiliʻi, pili i kona nui, a me ka puka ʻole o nā pepeiao waho a me nā lauoho lōʻihi. ʻO Finwal, ʻo ke kohola wikiwiki loa ka wikiwiki, hiki ke huakaʻi ma 23 mph (37 km / h). I ka hānai, hoʻolōʻihi ka pahu minke i ka nui e hiki ai i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke kohola, e hana i kēia, hana ka waha. Hoʻokomo ka puʻupuʻu i ka waha i ka cavr ventrale, paʻa i ka ʻāʻī ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke alo i ke poʻo e hoʻonui, hoʻonui i ka nui o ka wai e hiki ai ke waha ke mālama. Pili ka ʻili lalo i ka ʻūlopa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fibers dense a me ka cartilage (fibrous cartilage), e ʻae ana i ka ʻāʻī e haka aʻe a kokoke i kahi kihi o 90 °. E pili pū ka ʻmphysis mandibular i ka cartilage fibrous, e ʻae ana i ka iwi ʻūlū, e ʻae ana i ka wai hou. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hele ʻana i ka waha, ua loaʻa nā koholā minke i kahi naʻau pili i ke kikowaena o ka iwi a hoʻoponopono i kēia mau hana.
Kaomi ʻokoʻa
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ʻO nā koholā Baleen i ʻelua mau pulu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka papa i mua, ma hope o ke poʻo. E like me nā momi a pau, hanu nā koholā i ke anilā a pono ke hana. Aia ka pūnao o ko lākou nuku, ai ʻole kaulehu, i luna o ka ʻūhā. ʻElua mau pūlehu ʻōlima, he like ʻole e like me nā kohola i hana ʻia, he mea hoʻokahi. ʻO kēia mau mau paina ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū manuahi e hoʻopili ai i ka palahalaha a me ka hoʻomalaha posteriorly, e hōʻuluʻulu i ka hopena V-like. Ua hoʻopuni ʻia lākou e ka pali ʻiʻo e paʻa ana i ka wai ma ka ʻaoʻao, nā mea hanu. ʻO ka septum e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāpana he ʻelua mau plugs e pili ana iā ia, e hana ana i ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻi i ka wā o ka holo ʻana o ke kai.
E like me nā mommals ʻē aʻe, he ʻili nā epidermis ka ili ʻili, mē ka dermis, a ma ka hypodermis a me ka ʻono pili. ʻO ka epidermis, kahi ʻōwili pigment, he 0.2 mauʻu (5 mm) ka mānoanoa, me ka ʻaoʻao pili. ʻO ka epidermis iho ka helu a he 0,04 iniha (1 mm paha). ʻO ke aniani nā dermis ma lalo o ka epidermis maemae. ʻO ka hypodermis e loaʻa ai ka blubber ka wahi mānoanoa o ka ʻili a me nā hana i mea e mālama ai i ka wela. Loaʻa ka pīpī pololei i ka hypoderm mākē o kekahi cetaceans, ma ka waena o 20 mauniha (51 cm), ʻoiai, e like me i ka nui o nā kohola, he ʻolipolo a puni nā lua (no ka laʻana, ka ʻuhane) a me nā ʻōpū. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke uwē e mālama i ka ikehu i ka wā o ka hoʻokē ʻai. ʻO ka pilina pili ma waena o ka hypodermis a me nā musika e hiki ai i ka neʻe ʻana wale nō ke hana ma waena o lākou. ʻAʻole e like me nā kohola paʻakai, he lauoho nā hulu o ke poʻo luna o ke poʻo, e hāloi ana mai nā kihi o ke aliʻi a i ka puka i waho, a me nā kohola kūpono, a i ka moa. E like me nā momi manu ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe lākou o ka glace sebaceous a me nā ea.
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ʻO ke kumuhana mai nā pālula pālula. Hana ʻia lākou mai nā mea i hana ʻia o ka calcined, paʻakikī alpha-keratin, he ʻano hoʻoikaika-i hana ʻia mai nā filamen intermediate (protein). ʻAno ka nui o ka calcification ma nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka kai lawaiʻa he 14.5% hydroxyapatite, a me nā minerala, e uhi ana i nā niho a me nā iwi, aʻo nā kohua minke he 1-4% hydroxyapatite. Ma ka hapanui o nā momi, nā hoʻomele nā keratin, e like me ka huluhulu, he maloʻo ka ea, akā pili ka ʻai i nā iʻa i loko o ka paʻakai kalima e hoʻokumu i nā papa me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻole iā lākou. Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā papa ngaki ma ka ʻāʻī o luna, a ua hala ʻole i ka waena o ka ʻāʻī, kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻoki ʻokiʻoki ʻelua. Hoʻemi ʻia nā papa i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ka mea nui ka nui o lākou i kapa ʻia nā "pelekele nui" a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi hoʻi i kapa ʻia nā "papa kōkua". Kōwili lau mau kōkua i ka lauoho liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole i ʻokoʻa nā kohola (a me ka hapanui ʻoi aku ka nui), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka dimorphism ka wahine, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, akā ʻo ka nui o nā kāne o nā kohua kohā nui, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻelima ka hapa nui ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moʻomeheu ma nā mele kohola, ma nā mele kai humpback, kahi e hīmeni ai nā kāne o kēia ʻano i nā mele paʻakikī. Loaʻa nā kōlima pono a ke kāne nui i nā ʻiʻo wahine. ʻOi aku ka pena o nā kāne ma mua o nā wāhine i manaʻo ʻia he kūpono i ke ʻano hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā hana.
Nā ʻōnaehana kūloko
Kūkulu ʻia nā koholā anu e ʻike ʻia e wāwahi i lalo o ke kaomi, ʻaʻole ka kūʻē ʻana i ke kaomi, ka mea e hōʻino i nā ʻōpū, kahi e ʻae ai i kekahi, e like me ka finwal, e kahe i kahi hohonu o -1.540 mau wāwae (-470 m). Maʻa ʻino ka pīpī o ka pīpī i ka lawe ʻana i ka oxygen mai ka lewa, maʻa mau he 80%, aʻo ka poʻe e lawe wale i ka 20% o ka oxygen mai ka ea hanu. He haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka lepo ma o nā mammest terestrial ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ke ala mokulele e mālama i ka hau i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke hōʻeha i nā hoʻopiʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me ka embolism. ʻAʻole like me nā momi ʻē aʻe, ua nele ka mānoanoa o nā pūlima o ke kohola. E like me nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū hema ma mua o ka ʻūhā e hoʻolaʻa i ka lumi no ka naʻau. I mea e mālama ai i ka oxygen, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke koko mai nā kino o ke kino-tolerant-tissue i loko o ke kino, a he māla nui ko lākou myoglobin, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou hanu.
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Hoʻokomo ʻia ka puʻola pīhoihoi baleen e like me nā momi ʻē aʻe, me ka nui loa ka nui. Hiki i ka naʻau ke piʻi aku i 1,000 mau paona (454 kg), akā hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o ke kohola. ʻO ka pā o ka muscular o ka ventricle, nona ke kuleana no ka ʻū ʻana i ke koko mai ka puʻuwai, hiki ke 3 a 5 mau ʻāpana (7.6 a 12.7 cm) mānoanoa. ʻO ka aorta, kahi ʻanā, paha .75 mauʻu (1.9 cm) mauʻu. ʻO ko lākou puʻuwai hoʻomaha hoʻomaha mai 60 a 140 mau beats i hoʻokahi minuke (mau beats), ʻokoʻa ka 60 a 100 mau hukahi i hoʻokahi minuke i loko o nā kānaka. I ka wā hoʻoiho, ua hōʻemi ko lākou puʻuwai puʻuwai i 4 i 15 mau beats i kēlā me kēia minuke e mālama i ka oxygen. E like me nā kohola paʻakai, he pūnaewele ākea lākou o nā kīʻaha koko (plexus Mirabile), i pale ʻia ai ka wela wela. E like me ka hapa nui o ka momi, ua nalowale ka wela i ko lākou mau wāwae, no laila, i loko o nā kohola baleen, koko wela i nā ʻōpū e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā veins e pale ai i ka wela wela i ka holo ʻana. Me kēia, ke hoʻomoʻe ʻia ka wela e ka nā lāʻau me ka wela o ke koko i ka puni a puni i kona neʻe ʻana i ka kumu. ʻIke ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi kūhelu lehulehu. E kū ai ka wela, a ma nā wai wela, ʻo nā kohola pālei e hoʻoneʻe i ke koko i ka ʻili e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pohō wela. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kaha nui o ke koko (nā kelepona a me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo) o kekahi mau momi i ana i ka 4.1 × 10 -4 mau inihi (10 μm) ke aniani, ʻaʻole like me 2.8 mau kānaka ma × 10 -4-inch (7.1 μm) nā kahe o ke koko.
Ke hoʻolei nei i ka wai, ʻai ʻia ka meaʻai a komo ma waena o ka esophagus, kahi i komo ai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke keʻena. ʻO ka papahele mua i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻōpū nasal, kahi kēia e ʻai ai ka meaʻai i ka wai o ka waikawa, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū nui. E like me ke kanaka, ua kāwili ʻia ka meaʻai me ka acid hydrochloric a me nā enzymes-digesting. A laila, hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka meaʻai ʻāpana i ke kolu o ka ʻōpū, kahi e hālāwai ai i ka momona o ka enzyme, a kāwili pū ʻia me ka wai alkaline e hoʻonaninani i ka momona mai ka ʻōpū o ka pūpū e pale ai i ka pōʻino i ka gastrointestinal tract. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kā lākou hāhaiu ʻana e hoʻohuihui i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu mai ka meaʻai, hoʻopailua ʻia nā paia a loaʻa nā kīʻaha koko he nui, e ʻae ana i kahi ʻāina nui kahi e hoʻomoʻa ai ka ʻai a me ka wai i kō. Loaʻa ka kohola kohola i ka wai, makemake lākou i kā lākou ʻai, akā naʻe, ʻo ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai ma ka hapanui o kā lākou ʻai (invertebrates) e like pū me ka wai kai, akā ʻo ka wai paʻakai ma ke koko o ke kohola he haʻahaʻa loa (ʻekolu mau manawa i ʻole) ma ka wai kai. . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻololi ʻia ka mānoʻolima o ke koholā e lawe i ka paʻakai keu, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ʻana o ka pīpī ma mua o ke kai, holo i ka nui o ka wai e pono ai ke kaawale.
Loaʻa i nā pōkole ʻoiʻolima mau pipi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ko lākou kino kino. E like me nā mommals ʻē aʻe, he nui ko lākou lolo, he kuli, ka ʻāpana o ka lolo no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻike naʻau. Hoʻokumu kā lākou lolo i ka 68% wale nō o ke kaumaha o kā lākou lolo, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka 83% o kahi kanaka. ʻO ka cerebellum, ka māhele o ka lolo e pili ana i ka kaulike a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka 18% o ke kaumaha o kāna lolo, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i 10% i nā kānaka, ka mea paha i lilo ka nui o ka mana e pono ai e holo mau. Hoʻokahi i ka autopsy ma ka lolo o nā kohola hina, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻike ai iā lākou e ʻike i ke kūkulu ʻākau, e like me kahi pā.
ʻAʻole e like me ka hapanui o nā holoholona, hanu nā māiola ʻike. Ua hiamoe nā momi a pau, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā kohola ke lilo i ka ʻike no ka lōʻihi no ka mea hiki ke malapa lākou. Manaʻo ia aia ko lākou hiamoe lewa unihemispheric moe kahi e moe ai lākou me ka hapalua o ka lolo, aʻo ka hapalua ʻē aʻe e kūleʻa ana. ʻAʻole paʻa kēia ʻano hana i nā loko o nā kohola ʻoʻoki a hiki i ka wā o ka pālule hiamoe hiamoe.
He mea nui ka ʻike pehea e hana ai nā kohola o nā kohola i ke kani no ka nele o ka melon a me nā kaula leo. Loaʻa kahi noiʻi 2007 i ka larynx i nā pulu U U like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia like ia i nā kūlike leo. Hiki iā lākou ke kūlike i ka kaʻe o ka ea, ʻokoʻa ʻole i nā kaula leo kani kūmole o nā mammal terrestrial. Hiki iā lākou ke pale i ka kahe o ka ea a hoʻopaʻa i nā hiʻona. Hiki i nā paia o ka larynx ke hoʻohemo i hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ke kani me ke kākoʻo mai i ka cartilage arytenoid. Hiki i nā muse e hoʻopuni ana i ka larynx ke hoʻohemo wikiwiki i ka ea a mālama paha i ka leo maʻamau i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana.
Manaʻo aloha
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Kuku iki nā maka o nā kohola kohola a pili i ka hope o ka waha. ʻO kēia paha no ka mea hānai i ka mea lohi a hoʻokulupulu paha, i hui pū ʻia me ka maopopo ʻole o ka hapa nui o ka lā ʻaʻole e hala i nā wāwae 30 (9.1 m), a no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou i kahi ʻike maka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka maka o ke kohola no ka nānā ʻana ma nā euphotic a me nā aphotic ma o ka hoʻonui a hoʻoheheʻe ʻana paha i ka nui o ka haumāna e pale i ka pōʻino ʻana i ka maka. ʻAʻole e like me nā mammest terrestrial, he mau ʻāpana manuahi, he mau puna spherical nā kohola. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka retina i ka ʻāpana o ka pūhaka (tapetum), ka mea e hoʻomohala i ka mālamalama i ka retina, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻike ma nā wahiʻeleʻele. Eia naʻe, kūlou ka kukui i ka maka o ka maka i ka lewa, ʻaʻole like i ka wai, no laila, ʻike lākou i ka maikaʻi o ka ea ma mua o ka wai. Pale ʻia kēia mau aniani e ka papale ma waho e pale i ka hōʻino a me kahi wai hoʻoneʻe (ʻaʻole nā waimaka) ma ka lepa o ka maka. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā koholā Baleen me ka ʻike maka ʻole like ʻole lākou i loaʻa he S-cone.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pepeiao mysticete no ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma lalo o ke kai, kahi i lohe ai i nā kani kani ʻana i ka nui o 7 Hz a kiʻekiʻe a me ka 22 kHz. ʻIke ʻole ʻia ka ʻike i loaʻa i ke kani e nā loko o nā kohola. ʻAʻole e like me nā kohola pailele, ʻaʻole i hele ke kani ma ka ʻāʻī haʻahaʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka waʻa pepeiao ma o ka hoʻopili pili a me kahi pūlima pepeiao e pili ana i ka eardrum. Aia nā iwi o ka pepeiao o loko i loko o kahi e kahi o ka gutrashs, ka pūpū iwi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopili ʻo ia i kahi ʻuā, hōʻike ʻia e nui nā lūlū e hele ana ma ka iwi. E hōʻike paha ka sinus i nā neʻe i ka cochlea. Ua ʻike ʻia aia i ka wā o ka hū ʻana i ka wai o loko o ka cochlea ma muli o ka lūlū, hoʻokūkū ʻia i nā lauoho sensory e hoʻouna ai i ka uila o ka manawa i ka lolo, kahi e hoʻōla ai nā lūlani i ke kani.
ʻO nā kohola Baleen he liʻiliʻi, akā hoʻokō, he vomeronasal. ʻAi kēia i nā kohola nāu e ʻike i nā mea kanu a me nā pheromones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e kā lākou kuleana. Manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi ka "ʻimi" ʻono. Manaʻo ia ua kau lākou i ka manaʻo o ka ʻono ma muli o ka nele o ka hua olfactory, akā ua loaʻa kahi mea olfactory. ʻO nā ʻili o Baleen he liʻiliʻi, inā he mau ʻono, nā ʻono ʻono, ke hōʻike nei ua nalowale i ka ʻano o ke ʻano. Mālama lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻehā o ke keiki, ke hōʻike nei hiki iā lākou ke hoʻāʻo i ka paʻakai.
ʻAno Kaukau - Page 1
Hopu a mālama ia i ka Lūkia o ka pāʻani
Kāohi lawe ʻia ka pāʻani me ka kiʻo. No ka ʻike pili i nā kikoʻī a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pāʻani, ke kuhikuhi nei wau i ka poʻe hoʻomaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e ka kaomi ʻana i ka "Ikemaka"." Koho i kou pae paʻakikī a hoʻomaka i kahi mākaʻikaʻi hou. Ua mālama ʻia ka pāʻani ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka "junior detective." ʻAʻohe hua ʻoki ma kahi o ka Easter i ka pāʻani, akā aia ʻelua mau mea huna. Loaʻa ka pāʻani me ka pae, akā me ka palapala manuahi o kekahi mau wahi. E neʻe aku mākou ma loko o ka mokupuni e ka pakela.
Mālama i kēia pāʻani aia ma C: Pūnaehana Kōnae New Disk Nancy Drew. Nā ʻistslelo Moe o nā Mokupuni ʻo Lies
ʻĀnō: Ke hoʻoiho nei ke mālama, e hoʻomanaʻo he ʻokoʻa ka holomua o ka holomua o ka hana a ka mea kākau. I kēia hihia, e nalowale kāu hoʻokō pilikino.
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka wikiō Hoʻolaha, ʻike mākou iā mākou iho i loko o ka pahu o ka yacht, nona ka Kate Firestone. Huli a huli mākou a kaomi i ke kapa. Wehe mākou i kahi ʻeke a nānā i kahi puke ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka poteri. Pani mākou i ka pākaukau a huli hou. Nānā mākou i loko o ka pahu manuahi ma ka ʻākau a ʻike i kahi ʻāpana hau.He aha ka mea ma lalo o kēia ʻāpana o ka hau. Lawe mākou i ʻelua mau ala i mua, huli i ka hema, a hoʻāʻo e holoi i ko mākou mau lima ma lalo o ka pā. A laila e nānā pono mākou a wehe i ka puka ma lalo o ka lua.
Kohi mākou i nā paipu i hoʻoponopono i ka wai o ka wai ma lalo. ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻololi i nā ʻoki ʻoki, hoʻokahi wale o ka pauku e pono e hoʻopili pono i kekahi. Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā paipa, ʻike mākou ma lalo nei kāleka pāʻoihana ʻO Jason Jason. Hoʻohuli mākou i ka valve ma luna o ka panuku i hōʻoia e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka wai. Hoʻopili mākou i ka pākī liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻākau a hana i kahi ʻāpana pīpī ʻai me ka ʻōmole a me ka pia pīpī. Hoʻopili ʻia ka meaʻai i loko o ka friji, no laila ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻohana. Akā e hana i kekahi mau kalanuwa mai nā huahana ma ka papa a a i ka ʻaoʻao o ka pale - hiki iā ʻoe, ʻaʻole ʻoe e puhi i kēlā mau ʻanuʻu. E lawe i kahi pākuahi me ʻoea ke hoʻokokoke mākou i ka papa ma ka ʻākau, ma ke kū kahi e kau ai ka kamepiula. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i nā kāleka ʻoihana i ka hema o ka kelepona, heluhelu i ka hoʻolaha ma ka paia a hoʻopaʻa i ka kalepa o ka paia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Pākuʻi mākou i ka pona a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻikepili i loaʻa iā mākou. Aia i loko o ka nota ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo iā ʻoe iā ʻoe me nā hana e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia nā hana. Huli a huli mākou a hoʻokokoke aku i kekahi papa ʻaina, ma ka hema o ka ʻauʻau. Pili mākou he palapalae waiho ana ma ka papa. Ke pau ʻana o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, piʻi mākou i luna i nā ʻanuʻu i luna.
Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou me Kate ma nā kumuhana āpau a hele pololei. Piʻi mākou i ke ʻanuʻu a hoʻokokoke i ka pāpū. Heluhelu mākou i ka leka hoʻoweliweli a nānā uehi. ^ E Ha yM. Lele mākou i lalo a hōʻike aku i kēia pilikia iā Kate. ʻAe kekahi kaikamahine kaumaha e koi iā mākou e hele i ka cafe Hot Kettle a noi iā Holt Scotto no kahi hāmeʻa hou. Hoʻi hou mākou i ka lumi a me ka piʻi ʻana i nā ʻōpū lāʻau i ka hema. Nānā mākou i ka microscope a lawe i ke kahe i kūwaho ma ka ʻākau. E wehe iā ia, e lawe i ka kiʻi i ke alo, a laila kaomi i ka microscope. Ke pau ka leʻaleʻa, pākuʻi i nā puke ma ka papahele. E wehe i ka drawer lalo a hoʻonohonoho i nā puke. Manaʻo wau i kekahi o nā koho no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā puke ma kahi.
Hiki mākou i ka ʻolo a hele i ka waʻa i ka pier. Ma ka hema o ka paia mākou ʻike ai kahi keke kahi a mākou e holo ai a puni ka mokupuni. I kēlā me kēia manawa e holo ʻoe i kahi keke e kala e kau i ka pāpale uila. ^ E Ha yM. Hele mākou i kahi cafe Hot Kettle.
Kaanapali "Hot Kettle"
Hele mākou i loko o ka cafe a hoʻomaka i kahi kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kaikamahine ma ka counter. Hili ʻo Holt Scotto i ke kumu kūkā kamaʻilio, me ka mea a mākou e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i nā kumuhana āpau. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā nīnau quiz mai Holt a me kahi hīnaʻi no ka hopu ʻana i ka pahu, hoʻomaka mākou i ka nānā ʻana o ka kaʻa. Nānā mākou i ka hema, e aʻo ana ma ka paia pepa me nā hae hae maritime. ^ E Ha yM. Lawe mākou i kahi papa hoʻolaha hoʻolaha puke liʻina a e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi kāne kāne a me ka wahine. Ma nā puke waihona ʻike mākou he puke "Nā Moku o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika" a nānā i ia. Hoʻomau mākou no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻolohe nā papa hana ʻoki i ka pa. Ke pau ʻana o ka nānā ʻana, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā kumuhana āpau me Jenna Deblin. E hoʻāʻo mākou i kāna kīʻaka ʻoi me ka male menu ma hope o ka mea nona ka cafe. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ke kumukūʻai a Jenny i hoʻolauna ai no ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻai o ka oyster. Hele mākou i waho, kau i kahi pāpale a hele i ka "Whale World".
ʻAne lawena a me nā wahi mākaʻikaʻi "Whale World"
Hele mākou i loko, e kamaʻilio me Andy Jason a kamaʻilio me ia e pili ana i nā kumuhana āpau. E makaʻala i lapalapa ma ka paia. Lawe mākou i kahi kuʻekuʻe mai ka papaʻaina a hoʻokomo i ka 138.43 mai kā mākou kīkē i ka lua o ka laina. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i kahi moku nani i loko o kahi hue, e kū nei ma kahi papa. Hele mākou ma loko o ke keʻena, a heluhelu i nā ʻike a pau loa, no ka mea e hele pololei mai nei no mākou e pane pololei i nā nīnau nīnau nīnau. Hoʻolohe mākou i nā leo o nā mummals a hoʻokokoke i ka rack i kū ai nā mākeke pāʻani. I mea e hoʻomaka ai i ka pāʻani, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo i kahi kāleka kūikawā i ka mea heluhelu. Huli mākou iā Andy no ke kōkua. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kāleka mai iā ia, hoʻi mākou i ka ʻaha ke pāʻani i nā pāʻani mini. ʻO ka pāʻani holoholona hihiu mua i kapa ʻia "To Freedom." Ma kēia nīnau e pono ai e pane pololei i nā nīnau. Hoʻonohonoho iki nā nīnau i kēia, eia nā pane i kekahi o lākou:
- ʻO nā mamalia lawaiʻa e like me nā manuʻenehana a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia no ka waihona koa no ka mea akamai loa
- Ua kapa ʻia nā koholā makeā no "nā kohola make" no ka mea pepehi lākou a ʻai i nā kohola ʻē aʻe
- Hana ʻia nā kohola o nā mea āpau ma luna
- ʻOkoʻa nā ʻokoʻa Or Orani e ka kala: nā luʻu dorsal
- Hiki i nā kohola ke milo no kekahi kaukanona mika
- Koholā luku: aia ma luna o piko o ka pāʻina meaʻai
- ʻO nā pua o dorsal o nā kohola minke i like like me ke ʻano fiikle
- Ehia mau pūnana Baleen i hanu? Elua
- Ka leo maikaʻi loa a kohola nui
- Hānai ʻia nā kohola pipi iʻa a me ka mamalia lawaiʻa
- Ua ʻike ʻia ke kohola: o nā mea āpau ma luna.
ʻO ka pāʻani haʻuki ʻai hou i kapa ʻia ʻo "E hopu i ka manawa" aia ma ka hema o ka mea mua. Hoʻokomo mākou i ke kāleka i ka mea heluhelu heluhelu a hoʻomaka. ʻO nā lula o ka pāʻani e wehewehe ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana. Maʻalahi loa nā mea āpau: pono ʻoe e hānai i ka ʻai manu i ka manawa me ka iʻa a pale i nā pōʻino ma ke ʻano o nā kohola nui a me nā min-trap.
Hele mākou i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka hale hulina a pāʻani ke koholā ke kani mini-pāʻani. ʻO ka mea mua, ke kaomi nei mākou i nā pihi ʻelima no ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā leo āpau. A laila kaomi mākou i ke pihi mua, a kaomi i ke kiʻi me ka inoa o ka mamalia no kēia kani.
- Wi-i-yi - pālā make kai
- Piʻi Brr-brr0brr - kohola hina
- Yui-Yui-Yui - Humpback
- Prr-prr-prr - ka luaū
- Grr-grr-grr - kai kōkā ʻo minke
Hoʻohuli mākou a hoʻokokoke i ka mīkini me ka papa ʻaina hope loa. He ʻano pāheu pāʻani maʻalahi "E hānai i nā kohola", hiki i kahi mea pāʻani ke hoʻopiʻi. Inā nalowale nā pāʻani ʻelima i ka lālani, a laila helu nō ʻoe i ka lanakila o ke kāleka. Hiki i nā mea makemake ke hoʻoiho save game "Mini-pāʻani pāʻani". ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope o ka lohi ʻana i kēia pāʻani mālama, e hoʻopau ʻia nā mea āpau ʻehā.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke pāʻani, hele mākou i ke kikowaena o ke keʻena a i ke kaʻa kaʻa. Hoʻokomo mākou i ke kāleka a kaomi i ka huila. ʻOiaʻiʻo, lanakila mākou i ka huakaʻi. Hoʻomaopopo mākou iā Andy e pili ana i kēia a nānā i kahi wikiō pōkole. Haʻalele mākou i ke kikowaena a hoʻi hou i ka yacht.
Kū mākou i ka ʻāpana a hōʻike iā Kate e pili ana i ka hopena o kā mākou huakaʻi. A laila hele mākou i lalo i ka pahu a hele a i ka papa me ka kamepiula. Kāhea i kāu mau hoaaloha. E hana kēia, e kiʻi i kāu kelepona lawe lima, kaomi i ke pihi "List". Ke hoʻohana nei i ka pihi ʻākau ma lalo me ka pua, ke nānā nei mākou i ka helu kelepona i makemake ʻia, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hōʻike. Ke loaʻa nei ka helu i makemake ʻia, ke kaomi nei mākou i ke pihi me ka lima lima o ka kelepona Svyaz. A pau ka kamaʻilio ʻana, lawe mākou i ke kelepona a kaomi ma luna o ka mākeke kamepiula. Ma ka kaomi ma luna o ka "ʻaoʻao" huli, mai ka papa kuhikuhi i koho ʻia e koho mākou i nā kumumanaʻo no ke nānā ʻana. ʻIke mākou i ka ʻikepili e pono ai a hoʻopiha i ka puka hōʻike i loaʻa mai Holt.
ʻO ka mua, e hoʻokomo i nā pane ma ka ʻaoʻao mua, a laila ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hoʻokomo mākou i nā ʻikepili mai kā mākou papa kīpē. E hoʻopau i ka hōʻike kuiz, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi kāne kāne iā Holt. No ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻū, hele mākou ma ke keke a hiki i ka hale kukui.
ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi, ua hoʻomau mākou i ka ʻimi. Hele mākou i mua, e makaʻala i iʻa makea huli i ke ala e hiki ai i ka lighthouse. Lawe ʻekolu ʻekolu mai kahi papa pōhaku. Ke nānā nei mākou i ke one, i loko o kekahi recesses weird. ^ E Ha yM. Hele māua ma ke alahele, e nānā ana ma lalo o nā pōhaku. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻili, huli mākou ma luna e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano kāne o ka mea i hopu ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ka ʻōpū o ka male kāne ʻoi aku ka moʻolelo ma mua o ka wahine.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma lalo o kekahi o nā pōhaku i ʻike i ke kāpili kāne male a hoʻokomo i loko o kahi hīnaʻi. Inā hiki ʻole ʻoe ke kau aku i kahi wahine i loko o ka hīnaʻi, a laila e hoʻoneʻe i ka hīnaʻi mai ka waihona waiwai a ma ke kaomi me ka ʻī. Nancy ʻo ia iho e hoʻokuʻu i ka iʻa i ke kūʻokoʻa. E hana i kahi papahele i mua a iʻa mai ka wai mai ka wai mai ʻāpana lāʻau me nā leka. ^ E Ha yM. Lawe mākou iā mākou. ʻIke mākou i ke kai a i waena o nā pōhaku a mākou e ʻike nei hue leʻa.
Koho mākou i kahi pōhaku maʻa ma ka moʻolelo. Hoʻonoho mākou i ke kihi ʻae i ke kūlana kolu, a hoʻonohonoho i ka ikaika e hoʻokani i ke kiʻekiʻe. Kaomi ma ka pihi "Throw". K? Kuhi ka pahu mua ka pālua ma luna o laila a lawe mai ia mai leka. ^ E Ha yM. E kamaʻāina me ka palapala. Piʻi mākou a piʻi i nā ʻoni i ka lighthouse. Hele mākou ma hope o ka pā a kaomi ma ka laka code. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuke ʻana ʻo Holt iā mākou mai waho aku, hoʻi mākou i ka uila. Noho mākou ma luna o kā mākou kaʻa a me ke poʻo i ka kākela Hot Kettle.
Kaanapali "Hot Kettle"
Hele mākou i ka cafe, kamaʻilio mākou me Holt. Hāʻawi mākou iā ia i kahi hina me kahi ʻoki a me kahi pepa me ka quiz. Inā ʻoe i hana pono i nā mea āpau, e loaʻa iā ʻoe ke GPS makemake ʻia mai ka lawaiʻa kahiko. Ke hoʻokokoke mākou i ka counter a haʻi aku i nā kumuhana āpau me Jenna. Hoʻohana mākou iā mākou iho i ka sup a waiho i ka cafe. Hoʻihoʻi mākou i ka yacht.
Piʻi mākou i ka ʻanuʻu ma luna o ka yacht a kamaʻilio pū me Kate ma nā mea a pau. Hoʻohana mākou i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a kā mākou hoaaloha. Hele mākou i loko o ka pahu, lawe i ke kelepona kelepona a kelepona iā Casey Potterfield. Kū mākou iā ia i nā nīnau āpau e makemake iā mākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea koke i kāu mau hoaaloha e kaʻana like i ka lono hou aʻe me lākou.
Piʻi mākou i ka ʻanuʻu i ka deck me nā microscope. Ke hoʻokokoke nei mākou i ka papa i kū ai ka mikroscope. E hoʻokaʻawale mau ʻia ʻo Nancy i kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka papaʻaina.
Lawe mākou i kahi pahi kūikawā mai ka papa ma ka ʻākau o ka mikroscope, a ʻo Nancy e ʻoki koke i ka lāʻau. Lawe mākou i ke kīʻaha aniani ke kau nei ʻo Nancy i kahi ʻoki ʻoki ma luna. Pākuʻi mākou i ke aniani, a kūkuhi ia ma lalo o ka māka o ka mikroscope. Pākuʻi mākou i ka mikroscope a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau ma lalo o ka microscope. Akā pehea mākou e hoʻoholo ai i nā ʻano lāʻau i loaʻa? Hoʻea mākou i ka papaʻaina a wehe i ka papa lalo ma nā puke a mākou i kau ai. Lawe mākou mai laila mai kahi puke e pili ana i ka morphology a heluhelu mākou i ka ʻike. Aia ka puke i ka helu kelepona o Irina Senkevich, ka luna kōkua o ka National Woody Plant Laboratory. Kūkoʻo Irina i ka ʻike lāʻau. Hoʻoholo mākou i ka huli ʻana iā ia no ke kōkua. Ma ke kelepona ʻo Nancy, loaʻa ka helu kelepona o ka mea noiʻi biology. Lawe mākou i ke kelepona mai ka papakū a kāhea iā Kauka Irina Senkevich. Hāʻawi mākou i nā mea kūkākūkā i pane i kēia mau nīnau:
- enaena
- ʻulaʻulaʻula
- nui 'ino
- Pau like lākou i ka laulā like
- ʻaʻole, nui loa lākou
- ʻae nā laina laina
Hōʻike ʻo Irina iā mākou, e hoʻokolokolo ana i nā inoa i kapa ʻia, kēia ʻāpana lāʻau mai kahi lāʻau ulu i kapa ʻia luan. ^ E Ha yM. A laila mākou e kāhea iā Casey Porterfield a haʻi iā ia ka inoa o ka lāʻau. Pono ʻo Casey i hoʻokahi hola e pane, no laila e iho mākou i nā mea hou.
Kāhi
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano kohola heʻe lōʻihi e neʻe nei i ka wā lōʻihi mai nā pūnāwai a me ke kauwela kauwela i nā wai wai i ka wā hoʻoilo. O ke kau holo hele ana keia mau makahiki. ʻO ka kohola hina ka mea lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka mau manu i hele mai me nā mania he 14,000 mau mile (23,000 km) mai ke kai o Okhotsk a hiki i ka Baja Baja.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Plankton e haʻi i kahi e lele ai nā kohola. ʻO nā mau kohola kohola nui e hānai ana i nā pua plankton nui e ulu ana i loko o ke anuanu, nā wai momona o nā wahi o nā wahi polar i ka wā wela a me nā mahina o ke kauwela. Kahi mau kohola ʻoiola a lele i ka hōkele i loko o nā wai i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoilo ka nui o nā plankton. ʻO ka Migration ka waiwai pono hypothetical o nā keiki bipi ma nā ʻano he nui. ʻO nā pēpē hou i hānau ʻia me nā momona uneveloped, ʻoi aku ka make e nā ʻāpana polū. Hiki i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā wai ʻoluʻolu i hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia i ka hopena o nā bipi keiki e mua ʻia e nā kohola pepehi kanaka.
Hiki i kahi neʻe hele i ka hoʻohālike i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wā pono o ka huahana. Ke lele nei ʻo nā kohola uliuli no Kaleponi ma waena o nā wahi paʻapū i neoneo, e neʻe ana mai Kaleponi waena i ke kauwela a me ka hāʻule, i ke Kaiulona o Kaleponi i ka hoʻoilo, ma waena o Baja Kaleponi o ka Pākīpika kahawai i ka puna.
No ka nānā ʻana
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Pono nā mana mustachioed a pau e hoʻohana i nā mea kānana. ʻOiai ʻo kaʻai karnivore, i ka makahiki 2015 ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina o ka hale o ka iwi ʻiwi o ka iwi puhaka me nā mea kanu terrestrial. Loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea wī i nā ʻatikala like ʻole ma kahi o ka wahi, a ua ʻano like ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano kohola i ke ala kūikawā e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
ʻEkolu mauʻano o ka hānai ʻai: ʻo ka hānai ʻana i ka momona haʻahaʻa a me ka lunging, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻano a me ka nui o ka meaʻai. Hoʻokomo ka hānai ʻai lunge ma nā crustaceans (krill), ʻoiai kekahi mau mea lunge liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka minke kohola) ka mea i ʻai ʻia i nā kula o ka iʻa. ʻO nā mea hānaiʻai ʻole momona, e like me ka pīpī pana bowhead, e hānai nui i nā plankton liʻiliʻi, e like me nā crustaceans. ʻAi lākou wale nō a i ʻole ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa nā kohola kohola i ka wai, pono lākou i kā lākou ʻai, a hānai nā hua ʻai i ka paʻakai nui.
He mau heiʻa minke ka ipo lunge. E hānai i ka ʻai, ʻo ka laulā lunge ka hoʻonui ʻia i ka nui o kā lākou ʻāʻī i ka nui ka nui ma mua o ka malona maoli o ka pīʻī ponoʻī ponoʻī, e hana i kēia, hana ka waha e hoʻonui i ka waha. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i ka waha e hoʻopalapula ai ka laka o ka ʻāʻī, e hoʻonui ana i ka nui o ka wai e hiki ke mālama ka waha. Ma mua o lākou ka hipa i ka baitball, e hāmaka ana nā kuʻi a kokoke i kahi 90 ° kihi a kūwili, e hiki ai i ka wai. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hele ʻana i ka waha, ua loaʻa nā koholā minke i kahi naʻau pili i ke kikowaena o ka iwi a hoʻoponopono i kēia mau hana. A laila lohi lākou. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i nā hana mīkini, a he ikaika wale nō ke hoʻohana i ka wā e hoʻohana kūʻē ai i ka baitball nui. hānai i ka Lunge ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka hānai ʻana o ka miki no ka wikiwiki a me ka deceleration e pono ai.
ʻO nā kohola ʻoi loa-momona, nā kohola hina, nā kohola ʻalā a me nā mea e hoʻōla nei (ʻo ia hoʻi ka lunge forage). E hānai ʻoe i ka mea hānai momona me ka waha o ka waha, e hoʻopiha i ka wai a me ka mea. Pono e loaʻa ka prey i ka nui kūpono e hoʻāla i ka makemake o ke kohola, aia ma loko o kahi ākea ākea, i hiki ai ke kānana ʻia ke kele ʻaka, a lohi iki i hiki ʻole ai ke pale ʻia. Hiki i ka "ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa" hiki ke kau ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o lalo, ma lalo o ka wai a i ʻole ka moana, i hōʻike ʻia e ka lepo i kekahi manawa i ʻike ʻia i ke kino e nā kohola. ʻAi ʻia nā kohola hina i ka papahele o ka moana, e ʻai ana ma lalo o nā mea ʻuhane.
No ka hana pono ʻana no ka ʻai ʻelua a me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hana hoʻomau ʻana. Loaʻa i ka pono o ka lana o ke kohola uliuli he 30 mau manawa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka krill o ka 4,5 kg / m 3 ma kahi haʻahaʻa krill haʻahaʻa o 0.15 kg / m 3. ʻIke ʻia nā koholā Baleen e ʻimi ana i nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa i loko o ka wahi e hiki ai i ka mea ke hānai i nā nui kiʻekiʻe o nā ungulates.
Pale a me ka parasitism
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ʻO nā kohola nāu ʻoi loa, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā bipi keiki, ka mea i hopu ʻia i nā kohola pepehi kanaka. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hele ʻia ka lele kai keu e pale i nā bipi keiki mai nā kohola pepehi kanaka. Aia kekahi mau lono pili i ka pā ʻana mai o ka pahu orca a me ka pepehi ʻana i kahi kohola kīwī a ka pākeke e paʻa ana i kāna mau pūhaka, e uhi ana i kona hanu, a me ka hipa, ʻaʻole ka hoka a make i ka make. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka makuahine a me nā keiki bipi keiki i ka wā a ke kūʻē nei lākou i kahi koholā luku, ʻo ia hoʻi kaua a holo paha. Hoʻokomo wale ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu hiki ke lele wikiwiki, minke kohola. Pono ka pālolo hāleʻa e hakakā i ka pahu wale nō a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokahi i hōʻike ʻia ka puʻupuʻu i kahi pōmaikaʻi a me ka make ʻana o ka kohola puaʻa. Ua loaʻa kēia ma 2014 i kahi ʻano sardine, i ka wā i kue mai ai kahi puahiʻu pōpō i kahi kohola pipi humpback. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā wale nō ka mea e hōʻeuʻeu i nā kohola he stencil shark e waiho ana i kahi māka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Nui nā mau parasites e hoʻopili ana i nā kohola, ʻoi aku ka momona a me nā kohola mollusk. Ma aneane like ʻole nā ʻano o nā kohola o ka pīʻī he nui i nā ʻano o nā kohola, a ʻoi aku paha i nā ʻano o nā kohola. ʻO ka ʻōlena koholā e ʻai i nā ʻili make, e hōʻeha ana i ka ʻili.ʻIke maoli ʻia ka pīpī pāʻai i loko o nā kohola maʻamau, kahi ākea o kahi kolana i kā lākou mau palaoa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia ʻōlima, nā palu a ke kīʻaha e pili ana i ka ʻili o ke kohola i ka wā o kā lākou hulina. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hana ai, ʻaʻole ia e pōʻino a pōmaikaʻi i ka kohola, no laila e kapa pinepine ʻia ko lākou pilina e like me ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka commensalism. ʻO kekahi mau kohola kohola e kuhi kahele ʻana i ka papahele i kālai i ka pili. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano mollusk, e like me Conchoderma auritum a me nā kohola e nā mollusks, e hoʻopili i ka pā pāluna, ʻoiai naʻe ka loaʻa kēia. Nui nā mea pohihihi, Balaenophilus unisetus , ka noho ʻana o nā papa pā kohola i ka wai kai. A kind of Antartika diatom, ʻO ka ccolaola Cocconeis hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka ʻili, e hala ana kahi mahina e hoʻomohala ai, ua hoʻonāukiuki kēia kiʻi i nā hōʻeha kino ʻili. Eia kekahi, lawe lākou i nā maʻi kūloko e like me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, cestode, nematode, trematode ate, a me ka acanthocephals.
ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana
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Ma mua o ka hiki ʻana aʻe i ka pākeke, ulu nā kohua baleen i kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ka kohola uliuli, ʻoi ka nui o nā ʻano nui, e ulu ana ka hua ma kahi o 220 mau paona (100 kg) i kēlā me kēia lā ma mua o ka hoʻopuka ʻana, a ma 180 mau paona (80 kg) i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wā lohi. Ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana, hoʻonui ka bipi keiki i kona kino kino ma 17 tons (17 lōʻihi tons, 19 tons tons) a ulu mai 23 a 26 mau wāwae (7 a 8 m) i ka hānau ʻana o 43 a 52 mau wāwae (13 a 16 m) ka lōʻihi . ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā e hiki ai i ka wā paʻū ma 5-10 mau makahiki, e 66 a 79 paha mau wāwae (20 a 24 m) lōʻihi a ola paha a noho i ka wā 80-90 mau makahiki. Hānau ʻia nā keiki bipi keiki, pono e hiki iā ia ke kau ma ka papa i ka manawa o kā lākou hānau.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kohola minke e paele i nā wai mahana i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i kahi makahiki ma hope aku. 7-a-11 - ka manawa lactation mahina ʻoihana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hahai ana ma hope o kahi makahiki hoʻomaha i mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moe. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pākeke e ulu inā 5 mau makahiki lākou a hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi piha i 20-30 mau makahiki. Ma ka pālala minke liʻiliʻi loa, a laila ʻo ka kohola minke, 10 mau kekehi (3 m) mau keiki e hānau ʻia ma hope o 10 mau kaha o ka ulu a me ka ʻā ana a hiki i ke ana a hiki i ka 16 ka 18 mau wāwae (5 a 5.5 m) i 6-7 mahina. Kūpono ʻole no nā kohola kohola, ʻo nā ʻōpū wahine a me nā humps wahine paha ke hiki a hānai koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki kalālima. I nā koholā pololei, ʻoi aku ka ʻekolu mau makahiki he mau makahiki. Ke ulu ulu nei lākou i ka makahiki mua, a ma hope o ka ulu iki ʻana o ka nui o nā makahiki. Hiki lākou i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka 43 a 46 mau wāwae (13 a 14 m) ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā kohola K-strategist nā mākeke, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hānai lākou i hoʻokahi bipi keiki i ka manawa, he manawa lōʻihi ke manaʻolana me ka make o ka make o ke keiki haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa kekahi mau kenekulia 19 i loaʻa i nā kohola pīpī aihue i hōʻike ʻia e hiki ai i kēia ʻano ke ola i nā makahiki he 100 mau makahiki. He hewa hewa nā kohola kohola, me ka mea ʻole e hōʻike i ke kīnā ʻole. He polygynous lākou, ma ke kāne hiki i ka kāne ke mare me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi wahine. Manaʻo ʻia nā pale ma nā kohola kāne e hakakā lākou i ka pono kūpono e hoa wahine me ka wahine i ka wā hoʻoulu ʻia, ka mea like me nā lek.
ʻO nā kohola ʻo Baleen he mau lulu - elastic (aihue hoʻohui) ʻoi like me ka artiodactyls. Kāhea ka lāhope o ke kūhā, ʻo nā mea ʻaka i ka hope Pālua intrapraeputialis a i ʻole terminal cone . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke kohola ʻaia ka lālā nui loa o nā mea ola i ka lewa, no ka maʻamau ʻana o ka wāwae o 8-10 (2.4-3.0 m). He paʻakikī ke ana ʻana i ka paila ʻulaʻula no ka mea hiki ke nānā ʻia ka lōʻihi o kahi kohola erect i ka wā e moe ai. Hiki i ka penis i ke kohola ke hiki i ka 2.7 m (8.9 ft) - i nā hōʻike, i kahi wikiwiki a hiki i 2 m (6.6 ft) ka lōʻihi, 78 cm (2.56 ft) ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 525 paona (238 kg), ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o nā holoholona ma ka Honua.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōlelo pōkole o ka maʻi
ʻO ka maʻi "kyphosis" kahi curvature o ka spine i ka mokulele sagittal. Aia i kekahi pae a i ʻole kekahi, aia kēlā curvature i loaʻa i kekahi kanaka, eia naʻe, i ka hiki ʻana mai i kahi kūʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi mai ka pākaukau, ʻike ʻia ka mea maʻi i ka kyphosis o ka ʻai mokulele. ʻO ka leʻa i ke ʻano o ka leka "C" me kahi convexity i kuhikuhi ʻia i posteriorly.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae kekeʻe o nā kyphosis:
- ʻOkuono (kyphosis mālie) - ke kiʻekiʻe o ka curvature o oi aku ma mua o 30 degere,
- II kekelē (hōʻemi i ke kyphosis māmā) - mai 30 a 60 degere,
- III degere (kyphosis koʻikoʻi) - kahi kaila o ka hapa he 60 kiʻekiʻe.
Nā kumu o ke Kyphosis
Aia he mau kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi spine curved. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pathology e nā ʻaeʻe ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ulu. I kēia hihia, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi e like me ka kyphosis congenital, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e pono e hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ke kumu o ke kyphosis ka hana a i ka trauma paha, ʻoi aku ka luhi ʻana ʻana o nā kino vertebral e ʻano i ka poʻe o ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO kēia nā kumu nui o ka spv curvature, akā aia kekahi mau mea exotic e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hana pōʻino. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea like ʻole, no ka laʻana, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi radiation, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ke keiki ma ke alo ʻana o nā neoplasms malignant.
Kyphosis - mālama ʻana i ka maʻi
I kēia mau lā, ua pālahalaha kekahi mau aʻoaʻo. I ka nui o nā hihia, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā mea maʻi i ka mālama conservative, ka mea e pili ana i ka physiotherapy, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa physiotherapy, ka massage, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā corsets kūikawā. E nānā inā inā ʻoe e hōʻike ana i ka kyphosis, hana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana kūikawā e lilo i mea makemake nui loa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻeu ke kōkua ʻana i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha, ke pale aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka hana ʻana o ka puʻuwai, pinepine i ka hala ʻole o nā kaʻina lapaʻau kūpono.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mālama ʻana o ka osteoporosis pono, e hoʻoulu pinepine i ka curvature o ka mokulele, e kōkua hoʻi i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā loli degenerative. Me kēia koho, e mālama ʻia ke kyphosis o ka ʻāina thoracic me ka calcium, nā ʻalemona, nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa physiotherapy a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hormone.
E noho mākou i nā corsets i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā kikoʻī hou aku. Ke ʻaʻa nei iā lākou e hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ʻeha, akā ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka curvature o ka posture inā he kokaʻōmaʻomaʻi nā kyphosis o ka thoracic spine i nā loli ikaika. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo he hoʻomau ʻole ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā corsets i ke olakino maʻi, ʻoiai e alakaʻi ana i ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻili o hope a me ka piʻi o ka haki.
Inā ʻaʻole e alakaʻi ka lāʻau lapaʻau i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia a hoʻomau ka holomua o ka spinal kyphosis, a laila hele nā kauka i ke komo ʻana i ka lāʻau. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ke kyphosis kekahi mahele o kekahi o ka hopena, no laila ma mua o ka hana he mea pono ke kaupaona i ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻo ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka hopena hiki. I kēia manawa, nā hōʻike no ka hana ʻana he mau kūlana e like me ka umauma kyphosis me ka:
- hōʻeha nui ke kumu ʻoi loa ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka hōʻemi ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pinepine ka ʻeha i ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.
- ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka kyphotic holomua - ua hele pū me kēia kaʻina me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā kuhi o nā nīnū, ka maʻi ʻeha a me ka hana naʻau, no laila e hiki ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia ka mea maʻi
- nā pōʻino hoʻonaninani hewa - inā kyphosis o ka thoracic spine i hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui loa i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka mea maʻi a i ʻole e pili ana i kona kūpono, a laila hoʻoholo nā kauka i ka ʻae o ka wawaʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka hana pono iā ia iho, ua ʻelua ona hana - hemo ʻana i ka deformation a hoʻopaʻa i ke kūlana o ka pōkole. No ka hana hope loa, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana transperdicular stabilization, ka mea e loaʻa ai nā pali a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo. Hana ʻia lākou i nā mea kūlike ʻole a ʻaʻole i hōʻole ʻia e ke kino, e pale ai i kekahi mau hana hou aku e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻōnaehana.
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ʻO ke kohola pīpī
ʻO ka koholā pīhoihoi ka inoa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa o ka kohola polar (Balaena mysticetus), he mea hana mai nā cetacean order, ʻo ke baleen whale suborder.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī.
ʻO nā kohola polar wale nō ka nui o nā kohola manuahi e pau ai ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ke kai o ka moana o Arctic a ua lilo i nui loa ka holo ʻana o nā kāpena moku i ko lākou ʻano ma kā lākou mau pua ma o nā holoholona o nā holoholona nui e haki ana i nā moku. Akā ma muli o ka lawaiʻa nui i kāohi ʻole ʻia, i kēia lā ua pili ka koholā i ke aniani i nā mea kanu i pau ʻole, a me ko lākou lehulehu i ka honua, e like me nā manaʻo hoʻohālikelike, ʻo nā huina he 10,000 mau kānaka.
He aha ke ʻano o ke kohola pīpī?
E like me nā lālā o ka ʻohana, ka lapalapa polar he holoholona nui, clumsy me ka nui palahalaha ākea a me ke poʻo nui. Hoʻomau nā kāne ʻelemakule a hiki i ka 2022 m ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kāne ka lōʻihi ma mua o 18 m. momona ma ka kua o nā holoholona hiki i ka 36 cm.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei ke koholā Greenland i kahi elephant a me kahi neʻe. 
ʻO kahi kohola pīhoihoi liʻiliʻi a me ka bea polar.
Ma muli o ke kaha kupaianaha o ke kino kupapaʻu ua ʻoki loa loa ia i mua o ke komo ʻana i ka pū kīʻaha me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻAʻole make iho nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona make, no laila, ʻaʻole i pono ka Pomors i ka mea e hānai ai i kā lākou kamaʻilio ma luna o ka moku, nā mea make make he mea hana paʻa ʻia i uka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻohe koholā lau kīʻaha ʻia, akā inā ke nānā aku ʻoe i ka holoholona mai ka ʻaoʻao, ʻike ʻia nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. Holo nā pōkole pectoral i ka laulu a puni i nā kihi, a like pū me nā ʻale ma ko lākou ʻano. ʻO ka fin caudal he laulā nui loa, me nā kihi ʻihi a he kumu nui i waena.
He poʻo nui ke poʻo o ke koholā pīpī poʻo a he 1/3 ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻO kēia ʻano ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana: ma ka waha nui o ka kohola ke ʻano nui sieve - kahi mea hoʻomalu kānana kūikawā i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā papa whalebone. ʻAʻohe niho ʻōmaʻomaʻo Greenland, ua kālai ʻia lākou i ke kahua embryo.
Aia ka poli a ka mākela a kai i luna o ka lei o ke poʻo a hoʻokumu ʻia e nā iwi ʻelua. I ka wā o ka exhalation, he punawai wai e poholo ana i waho o ka houpo, bifurcated ma ke ʻano o ka leka V, a hiki i kona kiʻekiʻe ke piʻi i 6 m.
Ua lele mai ke koholā i loko o ka wai. 
ʻO ka pāʻai pīpī a me ke ʻano.
Whalebone
Kūpono ka mālikinā o ka uka ʻo Greenland, a ua kūliki ʻia ko lākou mau ʻanekau luna, no laila, ʻo ka maka o ka waha he convex arc, aia ma luna o ka laina o nā maka. Ma muli o ka paia nui o ka waha, ka loko o ka waha o ka pīʻalani bowhead e pili ana i ka 325 a me ka 360 ihe pū ʻia e nā pale tralebone pākahi ma kēlā ʻaoʻao, a me kēlā me kēia hiki i ka lōʻihi o 4.3 m.
ʻO ka koholā o ke kakaka he mea lōʻihi lōʻihi wale nō, akā ʻo ka mea ʻiliʻili a maikaʻi loa, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano ʻōiwi a hiki ke kānana pū aku i nā zooplankton liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano kulu lauoho i loko o ke ʻano o kahi pūpū e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pihi o nā pā. I ka wā pākeke, pākuʻi nui ka ʻaka manu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka waha a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ʻeleʻele, i ka wā ʻōpiopio, ua hina hina nā papa a paʻa ʻole. ʻO ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa ke uhi ʻia i ka nui o nā ʻāpana kūwili o thinissae e hana ana i kahi hana tactile.
ʻOhi a me ke kala
ʻO ka ʻili o ke koholā pīniʻu maikaʻi a maikaʻi a me ka haʻalulu, ʻaʻole i nā kīwaha, nā puʻu, nā cones a me nā ulu uila. ʻAʻole kipa ʻia nā koholā polar me nā nīnū koholā, nā ʻōkeke barnacle, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻili o nā pākeke i kahi kala ʻeleʻele hina, nā māmā o nā kohola ʻōpio.
E pili ana i nā haʻawina hou o nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o nā kānaka ʻokoʻa (kahi ʻōpala, ke kala, ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōpala), ua ʻōlelo mai nā poʻe ʻepekema i 2 mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole, i wehewehe ʻia me ka "whale whale", i noho i loko o kēia mau holoholona. Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mana i kona hōʻoia.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī. 
ʻO ka pāʻai pīpī a me ke ʻano.
Mālama
Ma nā wahi mamao aku, ua pālahalaha nā kīʻaha bowhead ma loko o ka ʻAlika Arctic, a ʻo ka nui o nā kau he 3 o nā kānaka nui.
Ua hana nā ʻelele o ka heluna mua i ka neʻe ʻana i ka makahiki ma mua o ke kahakai hikina o Greenland, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o North ʻArana ma mua o Islandia a me Jan Mayen a hiki i ka ʻAle Artctika a i ka mokupuni Spitsbergen. Ua hele kekahi o nā kohola i ka moana ʻo Kara e loa a me ka mokupua Novaya Zemlya.
Ua neʻe ka lua ʻelua o ka lehulehu mai ke Kanu Davis a i ka Kai Baffin. Hele ka hapa ʻekolu ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Kai Chukchi a me ka Moana Beaufort ma ke kahawai ʻo Bering a hiki i ke Kai Bering.
ʻO nā wai wela loa e ʻike ʻia nā koholā pīpī i ka wahi o ka mokupuni ʻo Newfoundland a me ke kapakai o Kamchatka, a me Osaka Bay ʻo ia ka wahi i kapa ʻia ʻoi loa. I kēia manawa, ua aneane pau ka lehulehu o 2 mau kānaka, a i nā kai a pau o ke kahakai ʻo Arctic, he ʻāʻī loa ʻaina kohu. Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi Lūkia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole keu 400 o nā kohola polar e noho ana ma ke kai o Okhotsk.
ʻAʻohe paikiki pīkī nona. 
Lele kaʻau kīʻaha ʻoki ma waho o ka wai.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi nui ʻana o nā ola kīhāpai e hoʻopiʻi nui i ka hana noiʻi, akā naʻe, ua hoʻokū ʻia me ka hiki ʻana o nā holoholona punaʻi e hele i ka ʻākau, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻohi, waiho lākou i ka hau e hoʻi mai i ka hema. Hōʻalo pinepine, nā koholā i ke ala i ka wāwahi i ka hau, a laila ʻo ka holoholona i ka laina i loko o kahi ʻano o ka jamb e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou hele ʻana ma nā wahi i uhi ʻia.
I ka manawa maʻamau, mālama ʻia nā kohola bowhead i lilo ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma lalo o ka wai o ka wai. Makalopō nā pua, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 200 m, a laila puka mai i mau manawa 2 a 3 mau minuke, hana i 12 mau hoʻonani, a laila e nalowale hou i lalo o ka wai no 5 a 10 mau minuke. Inā hōʻeha ke kohola, hiki iā ia ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi hola.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana
ʻO nā koholā polar he planktonoids maʻamau, a like ʻole me nā kohola minke, e huki nei i ka krill me ka silt mai lalo, ka umauma pelekane o nā papa kīʻaha iʻa ʻia e hana ʻia no ka meaʻai ʻai liʻiliʻi. No laila, ua kau ʻia kā lākou papaʻai i nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi - calanuses, ʻo ka nui o ka nui ʻaʻole ia e ʻoi aku i ka 3-4 mm a me nā māka manuhe elele.
ʻO ke ala no ka hānai ʻana i ke kohola poli e like me ka pau o nā kohola baleen: holo mālie ka holoholona i ke kolamu wai me ka hāmama ʻana kona waha, a me ka plankton i noho ai ma ka papale o ka pīpī hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me kāna ʻuhane a me nā hua ʻono. Hiki i ka kohola poli ʻai ke ʻai a hiki i ka 1,8 tons o ka ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī. 
ʻO ka huakaʻi o ke kohola pīpī.
Wikiō
Kūpili minke ma nā wai ʻuhane
He ʻano kohola ʻo Minke kohola ʻo ka liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻohana.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano i ka ʻano i 3 subspecies: dwarf, ʻona a me ke kūkulu hema (Antarctic) nā kohola minke. Akā he mea nui ia he ʻike he ʻano kūpono kēia ʻano, a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia pilikia. ʻO ka mea like, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kohola minke, a me nā subspecies dwarf e noho nei i nā wai kūkuʻina e hoʻonaʻauao ʻole ʻia.
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Minke kohola (Balaenoptera acutorostrata).
He ʻano ʻoi kohola nā koholā Minke.
ʻO nā wili liʻiliʻi kēia.
I nā ʻāina he nui, ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau mommaka.
Aia he mau kumu no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi spine curved. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hana ʻia nā pathology e nā ʻaeʻe ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ulu. I kēia hihia, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi maʻi e like me ka kyphosis congenital, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e pono e hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ke kumu o ke kyphosis ka hana a i ka trauma paha, ʻoi aku ka luhi ʻana ʻana o nā kino vertebral e ʻano i ka poʻe o ka poʻe kahiko. ʻO kēia nā kumu nui o ka spv curvature, akā aia kekahi mau mea exotic e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā hana pōʻino. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea like ʻole, no ka laʻana, nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi maʻi radiation, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ke keiki ma ke alo ʻana o nā neoplasms malignant.
I kēia mau lā, ua pālahalaha kekahi mau aʻoaʻo. I ka nui o nā hihia, ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā mea maʻi i ka mālama conservative, ka mea e pili ana i ka physiotherapy, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa physiotherapy, ka massage, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā corsets kūikawā. E nānā inā inā ʻoe e hōʻike ana i ka kyphosis, hana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana kūikawā e lilo i mea makemake nui loa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻeu ke kōkua ʻana i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha, ke pale aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me ka hana ʻana o ka puʻuwai, pinepine i ka hala ʻole o nā kaʻina lapaʻau kūpono.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei ke koholā Greenland i kahi elephant a me kahi neʻe. 
ʻO kahi kohola pīhoihoi liʻiliʻi a me ka bea polar.
Ua lele mai ke koholā i loko o ka wai. 
ʻO ka pāʻai pīpī a me ke ʻano.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī. 
ʻO ka pāʻai pīpī a me ke ʻano.
ʻAʻohe paikiki pīkī nona. 
Lele kaʻau kīʻaha ʻoki ma waho o ka wai.
ʻO ke kohola pīpī. 
ʻO ka huakaʻi o ke kohola pīpī.
