ʻO Vicuna a i ʻole Latin Lama vicugna ka holoholona liʻiliʻi loa o ka hua llama, nā kamaʻāina kamaʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO kēia mau kāmela nā kūpuna kahiko ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Hoʻi hou i ka mōʻaukala o ko lākou kumu i ke au o ka hau.
Ua paio pū kekahi poʻe ʻepekema ʻoiai i kēia manawa hapa nui, ʻaʻole lākou i loli, a ʻo ia nō nā kumulāne ka poʻe o ka prīlili ʻo llama a me ka alpaca.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā vicuna ma ke aniani he 150 cm, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo e pili ana i ka mita. ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona e like me 40 a 50 kg. He pōkole pōkole a me ka pepeiao ko ka mea puhaka. ʻO ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a mau muscular e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻenemi ma kahi lōʻihi loa. ʻ He kukui keʻokeʻo ka hope o nā vicuna a ua ʻokeʻokeʻo ke kapa ma kona ʻōpū.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka vicuna e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe ʻano lehelehe ʻo kona mau niho. He mea kaha loa lākou a loaʻa ke ʻano o ka incisors. Hoʻopau ʻo Vicunas i ka mauʻu me ko lākou mau niho, ʻaʻole hoʻi i uhaʻi, e like me nā hana ʻē ʻole ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ulu ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa, e like me nā rodents, ʻaʻole ia he ʻano ʻākala o nā hoahānau pili pili o nā vicuna.
ʻO Vicuna a me ke kāne
I nā makahiki he lehulehu i hala aku nei, ʻo ka Incas, nā kūpuna o nā Quechuans a me Aymaras i kēia manawa, ka llamas domesticated a me nā alpacas. Ua lilo ʻo Llamas i mau holoholona hihiu, a mai ka alpaca loaʻa iā lākou ka hulu a me ka ʻai. ʻO kekahi mau ʻohana i hana pū me nā guanacos, a i lilo ia i waihona. Eia na holoholona hihiu a me ka nui.
Akā ua hōʻike ʻo ka vicuña i nā waiwai kūikawā o ka lole, ua palupalu a mahana nui hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hulu o kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ka honua. I ka ʻōlelo o ka thermal conductivity, hoʻohālikelike wale ia i eider i lalo.
Ua ʻike ka mea kahiko Incas e pili ana i kēia a mahalo i ka vicuna. Akā no ka mea, ua loaʻa ka hulu hipa liʻiliʻi loa, ua hoʻopuka ka poʻe Emasora a me nā kāhuna i ka pono e hoʻohana i nā hulu e like me ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻomana Inti - ka hoʻomana i ka akua o ka lā. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Vicuna hulu ka "rune o nā akua" a "ʻelele gula" a hoʻoholo ʻia no nā akua wale nō a me nā ʻuhane a me nā hoa ʻohana. ʻO lākou, ma lalo o ka ʻeha o ka make, ua papa aku lākou i ka hopu a me ka make ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. A i hoʻokahi wale i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua ka mana i kapa ʻia ʻo chaku. No ka hana ʻana i kahi mea nui, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka, ua lawe ʻia i nā likunas a waiho ʻia ma nā lei, kahi e ʻoki ʻia ai ka huluhulu mai o lākou aku. A ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou.
ʻO ka huluhulu i lawe ʻia i lalo i nā luakini o ka Lā a i kahi hale kūʻai kūikawā paha. Ma laila lākou i ʻae ai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka huluhulu. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka huluhulu kakoo i nā kānaka maʻamau, a ʻo nā lino i hana ʻia a hana ʻia i nā lole i kāwili ʻia. ʻO ke kahuna pule e noho ana i loko o ka "Haole o ka Lā", mai nā kaikamahine me ke koko maʻemaʻe o nā Incas, i kapa ʻia ʻo "wahine o ka Lā", kūlima i nā lole lole o ka ʻohana emperor mai kēia lole. ʻAʻole hiki i nā maka'āinana a me ke ʻike ʻole i ke koko aliʻi hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lole mai ka lole vicuna ma lalo o ka ʻeha o ka make.
Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka poʻe Spaniards ma ʻAmelika Hema, ua wāwahi ʻia nā mea āpau. Ua hoʻokumu ka poʻe Helene Helene i ko lākou kauoha. Ka hona ʻana no ka waiwai o nā hulu vicuna, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻopau iā lākou i masse a ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XIX aia ma ka hope o ka hope. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua hoʻokuʻu ʻana no ke kūʻokoʻa o ke kolikani Sepania i ʻAmelika (1810 - 1826), ua hoʻomaka nā alakaʻi o nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema i ka mana e hoʻihoʻi i ka nohona o kā lākou mau mokuʻāina. No laila ua kākau ka pelekikena mua o Peru, ʻo Simon Bolivar, me ka ʻae ʻana o ke ʻaha kūkā kumu, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he kānāwai e like me ka hopu ʻana i ka vicuna ua ʻike ʻia he lawehala a hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lole o Peru he mau mea hoʻohālikelike ʻia. A i kēia lā, i nā kaona o ka wa i ka wā o ka lima o Peru, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao hema hema, ke kiʻi nei ke kiʻi o ka vicuna, e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ka honua holoholona o kēia ʻāina.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 60 o nā kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kūlohelohe a me nā wahi kīnā kūloko i nā ʻāina o kēia mau ʻāina, ka mea i kaulana loa e like me Lauca, Sahama a me Las Vikunyas. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻāpana nui o ka vicuna ma ka ʻāina o Las Vicunas me kahi kaona o 4 856 hekena; i ka wā e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai, ʻelima tausani mau helu kālā i helu ʻia. Eia naʻe, hoʻomau ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka vicuna, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pale i ka poʻe poʻomanaʻo e hana nei no ka mākeke ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lāʻau o kēia mau holoholona hihiu i hāʻule, a ua helu ʻia lākou ma loko o ka Puke ʻaha. I ka makahiki 1970, ua kau ʻia ke kānāwai ma ʻAmelika e pāpā ana i ka kūʻai ʻana aku i nā huahana Vicuna.
A i ka makahiki 1975, ma lalo o nā mana o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature, ka ʻĀina Hoʻohui Nui o ke Aupuni "Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Spies of Wild Fauna and Flora" i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia a ma hope wale nō ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka helu o nā vicuna. Mai ka makahiki 1994, ua haʻalele ʻo CITES i nā vicunias mai ka papa inoa o nā holoholona he ola ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka Vicuna ma ka International Red Book. I kēia manawa, ma Peru, ma Bolivia, ma Ecuador, ma ʻAmelika a me Chile, ʻo ka nui o nā vicunas he nui iʻoi aku ma mua o 200 tausani mau kānaka.
Ke noho maʻamau
Mahalo i nā ʻae kūikawā a me nā kānāwai, ua mālama nā vicunas ma ke ʻano he ʻano. ʻĀnō e hoʻomau ka poʻe noho o ka Andes ma waena o nā ʻāina. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka hana paʻakikī loa. Mālama ʻia lākou i nā pipi, ke ʻano o nā holoholona a lākou i kūkulu ai iā lākou. ʻO ka maʻa pinepine he ʻano wahine wahine nona, he mau poʻo o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma lalo o hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻo ke alakaʻi hoʻi ke alakaʻi. Ke hele nei ma waena o nā kuahiwi kuahiwi, ke loaʻa nei nā vicuñas i ka ʻai a me ka wai no lākou. He kuleana o nā kahu hipa ke kiaʻi makaʻala iā lākou i ʻole ka holo lōʻihi ʻana, a inā pono, pale aku iā lākou iho i nā poʻe eʻaila ana e like me nā kīwaha a me nā ʻīlio hihiu paha, ʻoiai kēia ʻano luhi.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā pipi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā alakaʻi. Manaʻo nō ka alakaʻi i ka noho ʻana ma luna o ka mea i koe, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao a puni, no ka mea, inā he pōpilikia, hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona me kahi kipi uʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole e pau pono kēlā ʻano hana, pono ia i hoʻokomo pū ʻia me nā holoholona. ʻO ka maʻa mau pinepine ka hele ʻana i kahi mauna ma ke kuahiwi e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, e hoʻāʻo ana e mālama pū me kekahi. A piha ka vicuna, makemake lākou e bask i ka lā. Hoʻokomo wale ʻo Vicunas i loko o ke ao, i ka lāʻeleʻele, hoʻomaha lākou. Ma ka laulā, kū mālie lākou i ke kūlohelohe, hoʻokipa pinepine i nā wahi o kahi kanaka, akā nui ka capricious i ka manawa.
Ma ke kuahiwi he mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o nā keikikāne, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, ua kipaku ʻia nā alakaʻi mai ka poʻe hipa i poʻe noi no ke alakaʻi. ʻĀkoakoa nā ʻōpio'ōpio i nā hui a ʻimi kuʻi i nā mauna, kūʻokoʻa e ʻimi no ko lākou wahi i ke ola. Loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika a me ka ʻike a hiki i ka manawa kūpono ke mākaukau mau i ka hōʻemi wahine i kekahi mau ʻelemakule alakaʻi a alakaʻi i ka pipi. I ka wā e pau ai, e alakaʻi ke alakaʻi hou i nā ʻano āpau a pānaʻi. Ke kali nei nā luna i hala i ke kaua.
ʻIliʻili ka meaʻai o Vicuna. He liʻiliʻi nā mea kanu ma nā punas, nā papa ma nā awina, a no laila ua ʻai nā vicuñas i nā mea a pau i loaʻa iā lākou. He mau niho hilo haʻahaʻa ko lākou, e like me nā rodents, e ulu ai i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻokiʻoki i nā lau, ʻokiʻoki, nā lala, a me ka ʻōleʻa iā lākou me ke aka, a hāloʻu lākou iā lākou. ʻAʻole maʻamau ke kumu o nā mea kanu no ka ʻai, akā he ʻiʻo maikaʻi nā mea caloals no lākou kahi e ʻai ai lākou. Maʻane pinepine lākou e ʻohi iā lākou i ka mahiʻai a ke kanaka, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake e iho i nā mauna.
Kaʻaila ʻana o ka manawa i ka pōkiha i ka pūnāwai. Hānau ka wahine i ke pēpē 11 mau mahina. Hānau ʻia nā manalelo a ma hope o kahi hola ʻē ke ʻimi nei lākou e holo. Kuhi lākou i ka waiū makuahine no ʻekolu mahina, a laila e kāohi iā ia ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Noho lākou e noho i ka bipi no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i ʻelua mau makahiki, ma hope o ka hoʻoiho ʻana i ke alakaʻi i nā ʻōpio kāne mai ka bipi.
ʻO ka ola ola o nā vicuna i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 15-20 mau makahiki. ʻO ka manawa hope, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻo Vikings a i ka manawa like e nānā i nā hoʻokolohua maʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā holoholona nāwaliwali a me nā maʻi. Eia kekahi, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo vicuna he mea waiwai nui a nā poʻe ʻokoʻa me ke leʻaleʻa ke makemake i ka pipi a me ke keiki hipa. ʻO ka mea hou nei, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika lākou i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka home, akā ʻaʻole kekahi mea no kēia mea ma ke pio. ʻAʻole pili kēia mau holoholona i ke kanaka, ma ka hoʻop pio kā lākou hōʻole i ka inu a ʻai ʻana, no laila, pau ʻole ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou.
Huluhulu Vicuna
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka hulu manu ʻo Vicunna e nā poʻe kamaʻāina o nā ʻohana Quechuana a me Aymara e noho ana ma nā Andes, e like me ko lākou mau kūpuna Inca kahiko, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina chaku. Aia ka manawa no ka ʻokiʻoki, hele nā kānaka āpau e noho ana i ka hehi kuahiwi a hoʻokau i nā pipi o ka ʻōpū nui i loko o nā holoholona nui, a hoʻokau iā lākou i loko o nā paepae.
Ma nā mākeke, ʻano like ʻia nā holoholona ma ka wā a ua ʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. I nā ʻāpana e hana ai i ka lauoho. Maikaʻi ʻo Sheared wale nō ʻo sheareda i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka huluhulu koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā holoholona i loko o ka nahele. ʻO ka huluhulu i mālama ʻia i hele aku i loko o kahi ʻoihana, kahi mea e loaʻa ai nā koina o nā koina o ka poʻe mahiʻai, ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻāina ka pipi.
ʻO ka huluhulu manu o Vicuni ka huluhulu ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO kēia no ka mea mua, ʻo ka mea mua, a hiki i nā kenekulia o ka luku ʻana he mea liʻiliʻi loa lākou. E ʻokiʻoki iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua, e loaʻa ana no kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi mai kēlā me kēia pākeke ʻoi aku ma mua o 400-500 ka hulu hipa. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o hoʻokahi ʻeke o ka huluhulu kima lima paha ma kahi o $ 1000.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o hoʻokahi mita o ka papale mai kēia hulu i hiki mai i ka $ 3000. ia mau. aneane 200,000 rubles. No laila, ʻo ka lole o nā kāne ʻelima e uku ʻia ma kahi o $ 20,000. E hoʻomanaʻo pono ʻaʻole hiki ke make ʻia ka huluhulu ʻōhua a no laila ua loaʻa nā huahana kīnaka ma nā ʻano like ʻole, mai ke aniani a me ke aniani.
Aia iā Peru a me Argentina, manaʻo ʻia nā huahana vicuna i makana na nā wahine kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau ka maka a ka lahui. No laila, i Nowemapa 2009, i loko o kahi hālāwai lehulehu, ʻo ka Pelekikena o Peru, ʻo Alan Garcia, i hāʻawi ʻia i kēia kapa pale iā Pope Benedict XVI i makana.
I Nowemapa 2016, i loko o ke kapikala o Peru, Lima, i ka ʻahapulu o nā aupuni o ka Hui Pūnaewele Kūʻai ʻo Ākika-Kalipika, ma ka lā e pau ai, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻikepili mai ka huluhulu vicuna e waiho i nā makana i nā luna āpau o ka'āina, nā poʻe hui o nā kihi, me ka Pelekikena hoʻi ʻo Vladimir Putin ʻo Lūkini.
ʻOiai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lole i kapa ʻia me nā hulu manu he nui ke kumukūʻai nui loa, ʻokoʻa loa ia no ke kūʻai aku. E kūʻai ʻia kahi kūʻai lilo aku ma ka huakaʻi ma Peru. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā kānaka e hoʻolauna kālā i kā lākou kālā ma ia mau mea, ʻoiai he mea mau lākou a ʻaʻole lākou e puka i waho o ka lole.
I ka hiki wale ʻana mai o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua paʻa ka nui o nā vicuna. Ua make ʻoluʻolu nā kānaka iā lākou no ka hulu, hoʻ opa i nā kumu wai o nā vicunas e hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻai no ka holoholona. ʻO ka hopena, i ka 60s o ka iwakālua o ka iwakālua, mai loko aʻe o miliona miliona mau kānaka, ua liʻiliʻi wale kekahi mau tausani. Mahalo i ka hana ʻana i ke ana e pale aku ai i kēia mau holoholona, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka heluna, a i kēia manawa helu ia ma kahi o 200 tausani kanaka.
Maanei, a ʻo nā ʻanā iho iā lākou iho no ka wehe ʻana i ka huluhulu makamae mai ka wā kahiko e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻimi koko ʻole no nā vicunas. Hopu lākou iā lākou, ʻokiʻoki a hoʻonoho iā lākou. Ua ʻae ʻia kēia ala e nā poʻe India e pakele mai ka ʻilihune, me ka ʻole o ka luku ʻana i nā holoholona.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO Vicunas no ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mamental placental (artiodactyls). Aia kēia pūʻulu ma kahi o 220 o nā ʻano kuʻina o kēia mau lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā waiwai o ke kaiāulu. ʻO ka ʻohana nona kēia mau holoholona i kapa ʻia nā kāmelo (komo pū nā kāmelo iā lākou iho, a me nā llamas). ʻO ka pākeke o kēia mau holoholona ka wāwae. ʻO nā ʻelele a pau o kēia hui he artiodactyls herbivorous. ʻO Vicunas lākou iho i ka hanana monotypic o ka inoa like.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha nā hiʻohiʻona o ka vicuna?
ʻAno maloʻo, leʻaleʻa, aneane like nā poʻe kāmela kāmela i aloha me nā poʻe a pau i ʻike i ke ola ʻana.
Malia paha ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa:
- hilahila (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana) nā ʻāpana. Hiki i nā vicunas makua ke lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ʻole i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika, a me ka laulā o ka lōʻihi he 110 kenimika (ma nā poʻohiwi). ʻO ka paona koʻikoʻi o kēia mau holoholona, he 50 kilograms. Pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i nā mea kāmela nā kāmelo nā liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka nui o ka paona puaʻa hoʻokahi humped e 500 kilograms, a ʻo llamas he 150 kilograms).
- helehelena liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Aʻeleʻele nā maka o kēia mau mea, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā kī nui ʻelua. Aneane hiki ʻole e nānā iā lākou i ka kikoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma hope o kahi "bang." Huai nā pepeiao o nā holoholona, pololei, lōʻihi,
- mau lālā ʻōpio lōʻihi. Mahalo i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, ua loaʻa i kahi lokomaikaʻi kūikawā o nā kāmela (kūikawā keu shorn). ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka huelo o nā holoholona ma kahi o ke 250cm ka lōʻihi,
- māno-papo, shaggy coat. He palalulu a nani loa no ka hoʻopā. He ʻulaʻula nā ka kala kūlohelohe. Hiki i ke kāpae ʻia o nā aniani o ke aniani ma ke kino (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā wāwae a me nā muzzle o nā holoholona). I kēia hihia, kokoke nā keʻokeʻo o ka ʻōpū o nā holoholona. Mālama ka pākē i nā holoholona mai nā pōʻino o ke ao a pau,
- muscular lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ke poʻo i ka poʻomanaʻo e ʻimi i nā ʻenemi. ʻO kahi kapa lōʻihi e kapa ʻia nei he mau pendants, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī o nā holoholona. ʻO kona lōʻihi e pili ana i 30 sentimita,
- koi nā niho. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea nui e hoʻākāka i nā vicunas. Mahalo i nā mea kanu ulia, he nui nā holoholona i ʻai i nā mea kanu me nā aʻa. Ua ʻohi maikaʻi lākou i ka mauʻu a wili i loko o ka waha.
ʻOiaiʻo nā mea ʻona: Ma muli o kona noho maʻamau (ʻo ka hapanui i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe), ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi nā vicunas i ka hoʻolohe a me ka ʻike. Ma muli o ka lewa o ke kuahiwi i ko lākou koko he nui ka manaʻo o ka hemoglobin, a me nā oxygen.
Mahalo i ia mau ʻikepili, ua like nō nā vicunas (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke ʻōpio'ōpiopio) i nā kope nui o kahi mea pāʻani plush. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano like ʻole e nā pihi ʻili a me nā lauoho hoʻi o ka lauoho lauoho.
Aia i hea ke ola?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Vicuna i ke ʻano
Mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana a hiki i kēia lā, ua noho nā pōnike ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole - nā Andes. ʻO kēia ʻāina kuahiwi ka mea kūpono no ke ola piha o kēia mau holoholona nani.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā holoholona palū ma kekahi mau wahi o ʻAmelika Hema ma kahi hoʻokahi;
- ʻO Kile kahi moku'āina ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ʻAmelika Hema. E noho ana he mania olakino ma waena o ka Andes a me ka Moana Pakipika. Maanei, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā holoholona kamelo ʻōlani, kapa akula lākou i ka Apana Hoʻomāhele ʻĀina āpau, ʻo ia kahi o ka moku o Elki,
- ʻAmelika ʻo kekahi o nā repubics nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ka palena ʻo Argentina i nā Andes me ka ʻaoʻao komohana. Ma ka palena ke ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
- He aupuni nunui kahi o Bolivia ma ka ʻāpana waena o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO nā māka ma Chili a me Peru (ma ke komohana), ʻAmelika (ma ka hema), Paraguay (ma ka hikina) a me Brazil (ma ka ʻākau). Ma nā Andes he mau wahi kiʻekiʻe o ke komohana.
- He ʻāina ʻo Peru ʻo ʻAmelika Hema e pili ana iā ʻEkuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia a me Chile. ʻO ka kapuwai o Andes, aia ma kēia wahi, i kekahi mau wahi i hoʻomaka kokoke i ke kahakai. ʻO ke kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe o ke aupuni ʻo Mount Huascaran (kiʻekiʻe - ʻehiku tausani 7000 mika),
- ʻO ʻEkuador kahi mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua holoi ʻia e ka Moana Pakipika. Uhai pū me Peru a me Colombia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina i ke kahakai e paʻu ana i nā ʻaoʻao o nā Andes. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena, loaʻa nā mauna ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi: Eastern Cordillera a me Western Cordillera,
ʻAʻole hiki ke hālāwai ʻoe me nā vicunas ma ka ʻaoʻao lepo. Makemake nā holoholona i ka noho i nā kuahiwi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou "noho" hoʻomaka mai 3500 mika. ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe o nā vicunas he 5500 mika.
ʻĀnō ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka vicuna. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
He aha nā meaʻai a ka vicuna?
Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona Vicuna
ʻO nā mākohu huluhulu o nā kāmela (e like me kā lākou hoahānau a pau ma ka ʻohana) he mau lāʻau lāʻau. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu kai kanu. No laila, ma ka Andes, ua hiki ke paʻakikī i nā koho. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kanu o nā mauna ke hāʻawi i nā holoholona i ʻai nui. No laila, māʻona nā holoholona me nā lāʻau āpau e hopu ai i ko lākou maka.
E hānai ana nā Vicunas i nā lau, nā lau, nā lālā liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa punahele loa o kēia mau holoholona, nā pua o nā mea kanu huaʻai. Nui loa ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu ma ke ala o nā holoholona. Akā ʻai ka ʻai.
Mahalo i nā niho ʻili, maʻalahi nā "ʻoki" ʻokiʻoki a me nā lau a me nā mea kanu ʻōpala i loko o ko lākou waha. ʻAi lākou i ke ʻano like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā ruminants. ʻAno lohi ka neʻe akā ua mālie. ʻAʻole hoʻohana nā Vicunas i nā aʻa lāʻau e like me ka meaʻai, akā mea eʻoluʻolu me kā lākou mau hua. Eia kekahi, ma keʻano o nā kāmela, hoʻohana kēia mau kāmelo i nā pōhaku calcareous (waiwai nui i ka paʻakai). Noho pū ʻia nā holoholona i ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai paʻakai.
I ka like like (nā lāʻau uliuli), hānai ʻia nā holoholona home. Hoʻohana lākou i nā holoholona me ka mea hana i hana ʻia me ka huaʻai a me nā minamina a pau no nā vicunas.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻOluʻolu ʻo Vicunas e noho i loko o nā ʻohana. He mea paʻakikī loa ke hālāwai me nā kāmelo kūwaho. ʻO ka maʻamau, ka hui pū ʻana o nā holoholona ma nā hui o 6-15 kanaka a koho i kahi alakaʻi - he kāne. Aia ma luna o kona poʻohiwi ka ʻaha nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana.
Mālama ikaika ke alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia lālā o ka hui. ʻO kāna mau kuleana e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka ʻohana ma kahi hoʻoweliweli kokoke loa ia. Hana ʻo ia i kēia me ke kōkua o kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona kūikawā wale nō no kēia kūlana. Inā ʻike ʻole ʻia kahi malihini i ka ʻāina, e holo koke ʻo ia iā ia a hoʻomaka i ka hū ʻana i ka holoholona me ka mauʻu semi-digested. ʻO kēlā mau hālāwai, aneane e pau i kahi hakakā. Hāpai nā holoholona kekahi i kekahi a kaua me ko lākou wāwae.
Hoʻomaopopo nā lālā o ka ʻohana i ko lākou manaʻo i ke alakaʻi ma ke kau ʻana i kā lākou poʻo. Mai 5 a 15 mau wahine no kēlā me kēia kāne i ka hui vicuna. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka vicunas e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻohana a me nā mea kanu. Ma ka awelika, aia nā hui ma nā wahi o 15-20 mau kilomita square. Ma ka manawa like, ka mahele āpau o ka ʻāpana āpau i ʻelua ʻāpana nui: ke "keʻena" a me ka pili wahi (ma laila kahi latrine me kahi wahi o 2 mika, ka manaʻo e hōʻike i ka ʻāina o ka ʻohana).
ʻO kararehe a mālie a maluhia ʻo Vicuna. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi ʻano hana maʻamau i ke ao. I ka pō, hoʻomaha ka holoholona mai ka ʻai i ke ao a me ka holoholo ma nā wahi mauna. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau mea i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana a me ka nānā aku. Mai ka makaʻu, hele koke lākou i kahi puʻe - ma kahi puʻu. I ka manawa like, i ka piʻi ʻana i nā mauna, e hele koke nā vicunas i ka wikiwiki o 47 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi ʻO ʻOli
ʻO ka hua kanu Vicuna i ka pūnāwai (ma ka lā Malaki. Lawe ka hānai wahine hānai i nā hua i hiki mai i 11 mau mahina. I ka hopena o kēia manawa, hānau ʻia kahi foal. ʻO ka paona o ka pēpē mai 4 a 6 kilograms.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i kahi pēpē Vicuni ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i loko o 15 mau minuke ma hope o kona hānau ʻia ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lōlulu e ka play play, pākiki, hoʻoluʻolu.
Ma hope o 3-4 redeals ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā wahine wahine i nā pāʻani male hou. E lawe ʻia ana ka vicuna i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E pili ana ka makuahine, a i ka mau makahiki ʻehā a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. I kēia manawa āpau, ʻo ke kumu o ka papaʻai ka umauma waiū. Lele like me kēia, kālele nā ʻalā ma kahi o ko lākou makuahine, nāna e hoʻomākaukau i nā keiki no ka pākeke. A hiki i ka 10 mahina, e kipaku ʻia aku ka hauʻoli o ka wahine mai ka bipi.
Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa wahine i nā hui hou. ʻAʻole koke kēia i ka hana, akā ma hope wale nō o ka wā ʻōpiopio (ma 2 mau makahiki). E kipakuia ana nā male keu hoʻokahi mahina ma mua. Hele koke lākou i ke ola manuahi. Loaʻa ka hapanui o ke ola o nā vicunias i nā mea o waho (mea kanu, nā hana kanaka). Ma ke kalo kūlohelohe, ola nā holoholona a hiki i ka 15-20 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā mea kūlohelohe maoli o nā Vicunas
Hoʻi kiʻi: ʻO Vicuna ma Chile
Ma ka wahi kūlohelohe, ʻelua mau ʻenemi:
- maned wolf (mai ka Helene. "ʻīlio gula pōkole pōkole"). ʻO kēia wānana ka ʻelele nui loa o nā kēpana e noho ana i ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO waho, e like ka holoholona me kahi alopeke nui. Hāʻawi ia i nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe a me kahi kino pōkole. E hānai nui ana ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ma nā keiki Andes, ʻo nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e nā keiki āpau i koho pinepine ʻia i nā keiki, a me nā ʻelemaka ua maʻi (nā maʻi) o nā ʻano.
- Cougar (feline). He ʻokoʻa kēia mau poʻe kikoʻī i nā ʻāpana hoʻokalakupua a ʻo lākou nā mālamalama nui loa o nā pumas. He ʻokoʻa kā lākou laulā. Hele wiwo ʻole lākou e piʻi i nā mauna a hiki i kahi 4700 mika kiʻekiʻe. Maanei eia lākou e ʻimi ai i nā pōpoki. Ma muli o kā lākou wikiwiki nui a me ka loli, loaʻa koke nā poʻe me ka moku.
Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ka lua a me ke ʻīlio mane e hoʻoweliweli iā ia e like me ke kāne. I kēia lā, aia kahi mea e hoʻopau ikaika ai, me ka home o ke ʻano o ke ʻano kāmela. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ke kumu hoʻokahi - ke makemake e kiʻi i ka hulu momona o nā holoholona Andean. Ma muli o ia, ua hoʻokomo ke aupuni o nā moku i noho ai ʻo Vicunas i nā kānāwai kūikawā no ka pale o kēia ʻano ʻano. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pāpā ʻia ka hōʻoki ʻana i nā holoholona.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki iā Vicuna ke kipaku aku i ke alakaʻi mai kāna "post". I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae ʻia e waiho kāne i kipaku ʻia i ka ʻohana. Hoʻohewa ʻia ka holoholona i ke ola ʻole. Hoʻomaha wale ʻo ia i kona ola mau wale.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: ʻO ke ʻano o nā vicunas
He ʻano nui ka nui o nā kānaka kūlehu i ko lākou ola. Inā i ka manawa o ka Incas i helu ai kēia ʻohana ma kahi o 1.5 miliona mau kānaka, a laila ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope ua loaʻa kēia kiʻi ma kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o 6,000. Ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka nui o ke aupuni o ʻEkuador, Chile, ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ua kau ʻia ka pāpā paʻa ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, kā lākou pepehi ʻana a kūʻai aku i nā hulu ʻōmole palupalu. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kēlā mau ʻoihana. Ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā holoholona ma kahi o 2000 tausani.
I ka hala ʻana o 90s (i hala mau makahiki), ua hoʻoki ʻia ke ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻoki ʻana o ka hui o ka vicunas. I kēia mau lā, loaʻa nā ʻĀpana ʻAmelika e loaʻa ana i ka uku ma ka palahalulu palu o kēia mau holoholona keu, e hana i ʻelua ala:
- manuahi nā ʻohana o nā vicunas (he ala maikaʻi loa no nā holoholona, ʻano aloha nā holoholona a ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ke noho pio ʻana).
- hoʻokūkū lākou i nā holoholona hihiu i loko o ka pā, a ʻoki aku i nā holoholona a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou (ke ʻano maʻalahi ke loaʻa i ka huluhulu, ʻike ʻia ʻo "legal".
ʻOiai ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, he kumu kūʻai nui loa ka hulu manu. Hoʻohālikelike lākou iā ia me ka siliki a mākaukau e hāʻawi i ke kālā naoka no nā mea kūʻokoʻa. Eia naʻe, i hiki ke kālepa i ka hulu manu, pono ʻoe e loaʻa ka ʻae kūikawā.
ʻO ka waiwai o ka hulu hipaunia e wehewehe ʻia e kāna mau fibers, ʻo ia ka momona a me nā ʻike a pau i ka honua. ʻO kā lākou anana he 12 mau aniani (ma ka hoʻohālikelike, ua like me ka lauoho o ke kanaka he 8 mau manawa nui). ʻO nā mea i kāhi ʻia mai ka huluhulu vicuna (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā sweaters, pullovers, capes, socks) ke hōʻike ʻia ʻana e ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me ka maʻalahi.
Ka kia ʻana o ka vicunas
Hoʻi kiʻi: Vicuna mai ka Puke ʻaha
ʻOiai ka holomua o ka poʻe vicuna, ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā palapala ʻae no kā lākou ʻokiʻoki, kā lākou ʻano hoʻouluulu a me ka domestication, ua kau ʻia nā holoholona i loko o ka Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Aia nō i kēia lā nā hana palekana no ka pale ʻana o kēia ʻano. Eia kekahi, pili lākou i ka luku piha ʻana (pepehi kanaka) i nā holoholona. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana no ke ola o kēia mau holoholona kīlaha i alakaʻi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina o Andes me ka manaʻo e hoʻolauna i nā mea ʻai i mōhai no nā akua. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia ka ʻiʻo o nā holoholona. No laila, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā pepehi kanaka i kēia lā (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā mea ola e hāʻawi i nā hulu huluhulu kūʻokoʻa).
I kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā vicunias ma nā ʻano like ʻole ma Europa. Aia kekahi holoholona ma nā kula. Eia nā kāmela i hana maikaʻi a kanu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka helu maoli o nā keiki i hānau ma ka ʻāina o ka zoo a piha i kahi 20 mau kanaka. He nui o lākou i haʻalele i nā kula a hele i kahi e noho ai i nā wahi o ka honua.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kāne āpau ke hāʻawi i nā kūlana i pono ai no kēia mau holoholona. Pono ʻo Vicuna i kahi ʻāina nui kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke alakaʻi i ke ʻano ola. Hiki i nā ʻōleʻa hoʻokahi ke hoʻolako i kēlā ʻano ʻāina. No laila, i ka wā o ka hua pālule (i ka wā o ka mamao ka mea nui i nā holoholona), e hoʻouna ʻia nā hui me nā keʻena loea manuahi kūikawā me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kūlevale liʻiliʻi ma ka manawa like me nā mea ʻalaʻawa a plush āu e makemake ai e pīpī i kou mau lima, a me nā keiki ʻōpio he nui loa lākou e pono ai ka pale a mālama pono mai nā pākeke. Mamuli o ka mea i kauia ai nā luna o ka hema o ʻAmelika Hema i ka hopena o kēia mau kāmela i ka manawa, ʻaʻole i make like ka ʻohana. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono e noʻonoʻo nā kānaka e nānā i kēia mau holoholona. Vicuna ʻAʻole hoʻohewa i ke kanaka, hāʻawi i ka hulu maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu loa ia. He hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau iā lākou a ʻaʻohe kumu wale nō!