Hoʻolālā ʻia ka pūnana e pale i nā hua a me nā moa mai ka overheating a me ka hypothermia. I ka wā o nā hua ʻalā, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o nā mākua. Mahalo i ka pili, nā pua i ka wā o ko lākou hilinaʻi holoʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau mākua e ulu i ka hōʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana.
Ma nā manu he nui, ke koho ke kāne i wahi no kahi pūnana ma kona ʻāina, a komo ka wahine ma kāna kūkulu ʻana. He hana maʻamau ke kūkulu ʻana.
Hoʻākoakoa ka kāne i ke kūkulu ʻana mai nā waiwai mai nā pige, a ʻo ka wahine ke kūkulu i ka pā. I nā manuahi, hōʻiliʻili nā hoa ʻelua i ka ʻili, akā pili wale nā wahine i ke kūkulu ʻana. I nā lāʻau kālai lāʻau a me nā ʻahā, nā hoa ʻelua i huki nā puea i kahi lāʻau. Hāpai nā ʻaihue a me nā manu o nā holoholona i nā ʻaina ʻelua.
No ka hapa nui o nā manu, nā mea kanu nā kumuwaiwai kūkulu hale no ka hano. Hāʻawi ka nahele lāʻau i kahi koho ākea loa - mai nā lāʻau nui a hiki i nā ʻōpio lahilahi, nā aʻa a me nā kaula o ka ʻili. Hoʻohana ka Hummingbirds i nā lichens. Nā ʻili lawaiʻa ma Asia, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia no nā mea ʻoniʻoni, koho i nā lau nui ma ka lālā hoʻokahi, kīhai i kā lākou aniani a hoʻonohonoho i kahi pūnana i loko. ʻO ka zonotrichia mele a me ka bobolink e ulana ana i nā nahele a i ʻole nā mea kanu i hoʻohana i nā mea kanu mea kanu. Pākaʻi wai - nā dives, nā coots, grebes - hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu wai no nā nests.
Hana maoli nā manu i ka mahalo i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe, nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā mea maoli. Hoʻohana pinepine ka huluhulu, nā hulu a me nā cobwebs. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā popallows a me nā flamingos i nā lua mai ka lepo. E hoʻopili ʻia kahi palupalu aʻokiʻoki i ka nano i ka ʻaoʻao me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hake. ʻO nā lapalapa a Rag, ka pepa, plastic ka hoʻopau pinepine i ko lākou ola i nā manu manu.
No nā makahiki he hoʻokahi, ua hewa nā manu i waena o nā kānaka. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hana kuʻemahi ka hana ʻana i nā moemoe ma luna o nā chimney. Hoʻololi nā punahele i nā piila e hana hou i nā mea kūlohelohe. Ua lōʻihi ka haku o Pigeons i nā ea o nā hale. Noho nā ʻūlani ma nā hale ʻai, a me nā keʻena, nā waiʻauʻau - ma lalo o nā alahaka a me nā kaupaku.E kapa ʻia ka Hale Sparrow no ka wahi o kahi nalo.
Hāʻawi ka ʻohana manu i nā manu e pili ana i nā hollow, e komo pū me ka sialia, nuthatch, a me kekahi mau pōpoki (ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka pālio ʻo Carolina i nā pahu). Ka mahalo nui o ka hale i nā "makana" a ke kanaka: ua hūnā lākou i kekahi o nā mea i hakahaka - he hiki ke kūlohelohe, kahi pākī pua ʻole, kahi pāheʻe kahiko. I ka wā ma mua, ma nā kauhale India, ua ʻele nā ululā ʻulaʻulaʻula i nā hue ʻili ʻole e kau ana ma luna o nā lālā. I kēia lā, ʻo kēia ʻano holoholona kekahi o nā mea inikini maikaʻi loa - he mau ʻina aloha i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauā a puni o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho lākou i nā ʻohana manuahi lehulehu e kau ana ma luna o nā pou kiʻekiʻe.
Kukulu hale
ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka nalo ua kapu ʻia. Makemake wau i nā blackbirds, finches a me nā manu liʻiliʻi e waiho ana ma ka ʻāina. Loaʻa ia mau ʻaihue e nā mea kūkulu hale ʻana. Kūkulu ka wahine wahine i ka pūnana pono ʻo ia, ʻoiai ke kōkua ke kāne iā ia e ka lawe ʻana i nā mea. I ka loaʻa 'ana i kahi kūpono - he lālā ulu melaleka, he ulu lāʻau ma kahi lāʻau a i ʻole kahi alana hoʻonaninani - hoʻomaka ka manu me ka wīwī a puni iā ia. I kekahi manawa i hoʻāʻo ʻia. Ke hoʻohana nei i kāna beak a me nā wāwae, kūkulu ka wahine i ka kumu o ka nīho e hiki mai ana mai nā ʻōpala a me nā kuʻi o ka mauʻu. E kū ana i waenakonu, kau ʻo ia i nā mea palupalu a puni ʻo ia, hana i nā paia, a laila hoʻokipa ʻia i ke kahua, e ʻohi ana i ke ʻano me kona umauma a me nā ʻēheu, no laila ua hana ʻia kahi kīwaha paʻa. Ma hope o kēia, ua hana ka lū i ka honua a me ka mauʻu ma ke ʻano o kahi kīʻaha, a me ka hope, mai loko, kahi paʻa ka ʻū me kahi papa maloʻo a palupalu. Kūkulu ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana mai ka 6 a 20 lā.
Nā ʻāpana manu
ʻOi aku ma kahi o 95% o nā Seabirds āpau - mai nā penguins a me nā gannets a i nā mea kila a me nā ʻōpala - a kokoke ma 15% o ke koena hanu i nā koloni. Paʻa ʻia ke ʻano koloni pili i ka pilina ma waena o nā hoa hana pilikino. Paipai nā ʻalā a me nā hana a nā hoalauna e pili i nā manu e pulu, hoʻomohala a hoʻomāhele hou ʻia i ka manawa like. Ma muli o kēia, ua kau nā pōpoki i nā pōkole no ka manawa pōkole, no laila ʻaʻole i hiki i nā mea kime ke ʻai i nā kānaka a pau ka pōʻino. Eia kekahi, i ka kolone hiki koke iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi pono no ka hoa make a loaʻa i ka ʻike e pili ana i kahi o nā meaʻai. Hiki i nā kolone pale kiaʻi e pale pū me ʻoe.
He mea nui loa ia no kekahi manu e pale i nā moa mai ka hoʻouka ʻia ʻana e nā mea wānana. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hana a ke koho ʻana i kahi wahi no ka hano e hiki mai ana. Nui nā ʻano nui e hilinaʻi ana i ka camouflage, e like me ka uhi ʻana i kahi pūnana me nā lau a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana i ka lua. Manaʻo ʻia kahi hoʻokele maikaʻi ʻo ia he uku maikaʻi. ʻO ka piko o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, he uka kahakai, kahi mokupuni kaawale e hāʻawi i ka pale mai nā mea hāʻawi ʻāina. ʻO nā kino Tropical i pīpī i nā pale, e like me nā nēke e like me nā ʻeleʻele o nā lālā manawaleʻa, ke waiho nei i nā nahesa a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole me nā mea ʻole.
Mea kino ʻōlohelohe
Ke kuʻi nei ka laka, kahi mākaʻi ʻike ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau, ua lilo loa i wahi mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi no nā makahiki he nui. Noho nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole o kēlā me kēia mau makahiki he ʻumi mau makahiki, ka mea, no ka ʻoihana kūlohelohe, e kōkua pū i ka ʻākoakoa o nā mea hana. E ulu aʻe ka mānoanoa o ke kahua mai kēlā makahiki i kēia makahiki, e huli ke kahua i loko o kahi hale hoʻoneʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka pua ʻaeto kaulana e kokoke ana i Vermilion ma Ohio (USA) he mau mika 2,5 a keu aʻe he 3 mika ke kiʻekiʻe me ke kaupaona he 2 ʻona. ʻOi paha, ʻo ia ka kūkulu pānaʻi manu ākea o nā manu ʻole i kapa ʻole ʻia ka pale i kapa ʻia he ʻano kuono maʻamau, i hana ʻia e hoʻohala ai i hua e like me ka male i mare. Heʻuʻuku wale nō ka mea haʻahaʻa o kēia ʻano hana nui a ka nui o ke kai ʻana o ka Moana Steller ma Kamchatka. Hoʻohālikelike ka ʻeleʻele o ke ʻāʻī i ke kūlaʻi mai ke kaʻa ākea loa, e hōʻea ana i kahi anawaena ʻelua mika a kokoke kahi mita. Aia ma loko o kona mau paia, e lawe ana i ka maluhia o nā mano, ua kau ʻia nā ʻohana manu holoʻokoʻa e ʻae ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia.
Nā lako no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā nests
He nui nā manu e hana ana i ka papa hana papa neʻe maʻalahi. Hoʻopuni i nā ʻōpū wai, ʻaʻole he mau lālā nā mea kanu, akā nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu aku. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waihona ma kahi maloʻo, kahi a maloʻo paha, e hāʻawi hou i ka hale i ka ikaika hou ma muli o ka hopena o ka "bonding" dry fragments.
I nā manu liʻiliʻi me nā nalo miniatur, nā cobwebs ma waena o nā punahele punahele, a he manawa lōʻihi lākou e ʻimi ai. Hoʻopili a paʻa ʻole, hana ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻoweliweli, ka hoʻokū ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka mauʻu maloʻo loa, a hōʻoia pono i ke kāwili ʻana i nā ʻuʻu i nā lālā o kahi lāʻau.
Nā lāʻau kūʻai ʻuhane a Tropical Nectar
He ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ka maikaʻi o nā nectaries o nā ʻalopona e ʻike i kā lākou hoʻolālā. Ma ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano, he ʻano ʻaihi elongated ka hale e waiho ana ma ke kihi o kahi lālā pāpaʻi a i paʻa paha mai ka palena o kahi pālima a i ʻole lau lau. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻonui i ka ʻaoʻao o ka "pear", kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi keʻena pani paʻa e paʻa ana me kahi keʻena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi, i uhi ʻia me ka pihi liʻiliʻi ma luna. He ʻeleʻuku loa ka kūkulu ʻana, a hiki i ka pēpē pēpē kūpono ʻole i loko o laila, no laila ke poʻo kuʻi ʻo ke ʻano me ka beaka ka lōʻihi i ʻike mau ʻia mai waho mai. ʻO ka hale kūkulu hale mea kanu fluff, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka nui o nā cobwebs, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e kau ana i nā nests.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā cobwebs e pīhoihoi ana i ka lā, ua ʻike nani nā ʻuʻuku o kekahi mau ʻano ʻano like me ko lākou like me ka lālani Kalikimaka, na ka hewa, hoʻopau i kahi lāʻau. Ma ka laulā, ko ke aloha o nā nectaries no ka pūnaewele i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ke kūlohelohe - kahi o ka ʻai mea ʻai kai Lusia, i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi o nā ʻelele o kēia hui manu, e hoʻololi ʻia e nā mea aloha spider. ʻAʻole kūkulu kekahi mau nectaries i nā nests. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka pūnaewele ma kahi kihi i huna ʻia i ka lei o ka lāʻau, mama lākou i ia ma kahi āpau a waiho i nā hua i ka pā.
Nā ʻōpua Reed
ʻO ka ʻōlelo kūpono e pili ana i ka ʻohe o nā ʻohe, ua kālai ʻia i luna o nā keʻena kū e kū ana i ka ʻaoʻao. Hele nā kumu lāʻau i nā paia ʻaoʻao o ka pūnana, ka mea e paʻa ai i nā kākoʻo ma muli o ke friction a i ʻole "hoʻopili ʻia" me nā poli a me ka pālolo. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pūneke ʻoi aku ka like me kahi cylinder a i ʻole ka pōpō me ka piko o ke kahi o ka lula. Hoʻopili mau nā kaʻe o ke kaʻi i nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, “plastered” ia me ka lapalapa e like me ka wā e maloʻo ai ka pae ʻana o ka ʻalike. ʻO kekahi manawa e hoʻopili ai nā ʻōpio i kahi pūnana e ola ai, e ulu ana nā ʻōpala o ka ʻōpala, me ka meadowsweet a ivan paha, a i ka mahina i hala aku nei mai ka manawa i waiho ʻia ai ka hale i ka haʻalele o nā pipi, e kū ana i kahi hapalua mika. Hoʻopili ʻia ka peʻa i nā ʻulā ʻo ka ʻoihana i nā paia ʻaoʻao.
“Pottery masters” - nā wulu a lepo
Whakarālikelike ʻia ka lepo lepo manawaleʻa ma ka papa inoa o nā mea kūkulu hulu manu. ʻO ka koho nui ma laila, ua hana ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana, ka pali pōhaku, ka pahie larks a me kekahi o nā ʻohana me ka inoa o ka manu. ʻO nā nū Stucco kahi o nā kūkulu hulu manu i ʻike ʻia a like me ka pottery. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou mai nā palupalu liʻiliʻi o ka pākika a no laila aneane mau ke ʻano o ka pā wai-ana, a ma ka helu o ke kōpaʻa hiki ke kikoʻī pololei ʻoe i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā lawelawe o nā mea i kau ʻia i ka wā hana.
Magpie Larks
He liʻiliʻi nā manu larie ʻo Magpie, nā manu nane ʻeleʻele e noho nei i nā māla o Australia. Kūlike ʻole i ka inoa, mai kahi ʻanoʻike o ke ʻano o ke ʻano, he ʻano nui lākou i nā manu ulu manu a ʻoiai ʻo ia me nā kaʻe o ʻehā a me ka hapa. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia lākou i nā nnpama māmā loa i ʻoka ʻia mai luna mai, i kau ʻia ma luna o nā lālā lāʻau a me nā ʻano o nā honu. ʻO kahi wale nō ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā nests o nā larks. Hāʻawi wale kēia i kahi waiwai - ka hiki ke kūkulu i nā lālā pākīpī palupalu, "pili" i ka hale iā lākou, ʻoiai no ka haki o ka "paʻa" waiwai ʻole i nā hua cement, pono ia e ʻimi i kahi ʻū i nā lālā a hoʻoikaika paha iā lākou kokoke i ka ʻāpana. he marenupial marten a i ʻole he naʻe.
Nā lāʻau ʻōpio maʻa
ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi nuthatch pohihihi he nui ke ʻano o ka pahu liʻiliʻi e paʻa ana ma ka pōhaku. ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ka pahu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke komo ʻana i ka wahī, ke kuhikuhi ʻia a i lalo. ʻO ke ʻano o kēlā "pahu" maʻamau ke kū i ka 4-5 kilokilo, akā he nui aku nā hale ʻē aʻe. Ua hiki i ka mānoanoa o ka pā i 7 mau kenimika, a ʻo ke ikaika hoʻi, ʻaʻole e hiki ʻole ke uhaʻi i ka nalo me kou mau lima. Ma ke ʻano he pala cementing, hoʻohana nā nuthatcher i ka hanu o nā ʻōpala i koʻa, mau ʻūpī a me nā pōpō, ke hoʻomāehi wale nei iā lākou ma ke kaʻe o ka ʻaukā, kahi i hala ai ka manawa a ua uhi ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula hele mai nā ʻēheu o nā poʻe pōʻino.
Nā lāʻau ʻuʻulu
Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi loa ka hale o nā kauā kai e hoʻokaʻawale aʻe mai luna mai - ʻoi loa ka hapalua i ke kāʻei ʻana i ke kīʻaha, a hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā i loko o ka pā. Kulu ʻia ke kūlanakauhale i kahi lewa i paʻa i nā ʻaoʻao a pau me ka puka ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo kahi hale i ka helehelena e hoʻokokoke ana i kahi hapaha o kahi pōkole i hoʻokū ʻia mai luna a i hope i ʻelua mau ʻōiwi kaulike mau - ʻo ka maʻamau ma ka pā a me ka ʻike hoʻoneʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻōpū o ke kukuna ʻulaʻula me kona ʻānō nui loa. He hapalua ia i ʻoki ʻia ma ka pahu me kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi a hoʻopili pololei ʻia i ka palana.
No ke aha i hana ai nā manu i nā ʻuʻu mai ka lepo?
Hoʻopau nā clay i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana a hāʻawi i ke ikaika kiʻekiʻe i nā hale paʻa. No ke aha i kuhi ʻia ai kēia mau ʻano kūpono e ka “pae waiwai” o nā manu ma ia ʻāpana? ʻO ka laulaha nui o ka pālolo no ka hana ʻana i nā manu nalo e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e kona mau moemoe kū ʻole, e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka maka. Ua wela loa ia no ia, a e hālihi ana ʻo ia no ka manawa lōʻihi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea, he lūlū loa, a nele nā papa lepo hou i hoʻomaloʻo a maloʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea i hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia.
Hoʻohui ʻia, makemake ʻia nā mea kanu lepo e kūkulu i ka pale. Hoʻokahi i ka lā, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaloʻo a hiolo, a me nā moa i loko o kahi pākeke i loko o ka pālaula wela "wela" noho noho ʻole ʻia. No laila, makemake ka ʻūlū e noho iho ma lalo o nā hale o nā hale, ʻona nā nuthatcher i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuʻu ma luna o nā puʻu o ke kūkulu hema a aneane e hūnā ʻia iā lākou ma lalo o nā ʻano mea i kālai ʻia ai, a makemake paha nā mea hana umauma i kā lākou hua manu i ka wā e hiki ai i ka pūnāwai, a loaʻa i ka lā piha ka ikaika.
ʻO ka hope loa, he hana paʻakikī loa ka ʻuala. E hana ʻoe i kāu pūnana liʻiliʻi me ka piha kūpono o nā lako a me nā lako lako, pono e hoʻopakele i nā kaona o ke kūlanakauhale mai 700 a 1500 mau lawelawe pālolo (ʻaʻole waiho i ka hāʻule i lalo) a ʻumi paha mau lā. ʻO ka pahu ʻaina a me ka nuthatch me kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu ākea, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 2,000 mau ʻōpū, a me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana, me ka downtime e hiki ʻole ai, e pā ana i nā hebedoma he nui. ʻAʻole huna nā mea kuke manu manu i ka noke mai ka lā a no laila e koi ʻia e hoʻonui i kā lākou papala i ka mea maikaʻi o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻemi i kā lākou wela wela a hōʻemi i ka pae ʻana o ka wela ʻana o ka mahana.
Akā me nā hemahema āpau, ua wehe ʻia nā ʻuala i kahi ala hou i ka pilikia palekana. Hiki i nā nahu a me nā nuthatcher ke "kue" i ko lākou mau hale ma nā pali kahawai nui e pili ana i nā pahuhopu o nā kahawai mauna a hāʻule ʻole hoʻi i ka hohonu o lalo, ma lalo o ka pā o nā ana a me nā puʻu i waena o nā māhina huna a me ka lohi mau loa, ma ka ʻōlelo, ma nā wahi i hiki ʻole ai i nā mea kime. . ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, nā ʻuʻu, kū i ke ʻano o nā keʻena i pani ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau me kahi komo paʻa, e pale pono i ka hua, a inā pono, nā mākua mai ka ua a me ke anu.
Me ke kōkua o ka lepo lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka loko i loko o ke ana, i ka mea e komo i kā mākou nuthatch maʻamau. Noho ʻoi ka nui ma nā puʻu ʻo nā ʻulana nui, he ʻelele a he 50-60 kūniha ka lōʻihi, a ʻo 35 hoʻi ua lawa ke kolo. Hoʻokuʻu ka nuthatch i ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻopili pono ʻana i ke kauwela me ka pālolo, ka silt a me ka manure.
He ʻano helehelena maoli kēia hana. ʻOiai inā he nuthatch i hollow me kahi letek liʻiliʻi, e hoʻomāhuahua mau ʻo ia i ka pālolo ma ka ʻili o ka lāʻau a puni ka letok.
Nā lawaiʻa ʻana
ʻO ke ʻano o nā kāhili i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kā lākou huki e hiki ke wehewehe ʻia "ʻaʻole hāʻawi i kahi poʻokela". ʻO ka papa hana nui i ka wā hana o kāna hana ponoʻī nō ia, ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika koke i ka lewa.
ʻO Swift ka manu lele ʻoi loa i waena o nā manu āpau. Noho ʻo ia ma ka lele - ʻoki no nā iniseti, kāpili i ka makewai, pāʻani i ka mare, hoʻomaha, moe a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka mea i kaulana loa o ka suborder swift, helu ʻia i nā ʻano 58, ʻo ke alapine ʻeleʻele ia - he noho o nā attics o ke kūlanakauhale a me nā manu manu. ʻO ke ʻano o kāna mau hālima e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hoʻonohonoho o ke keʻena pili, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea huna ʻē aʻe i loko. ʻO ka kumu, ke hele a nani ka nīnū a he ʻano keke ia me nā kihi i hāpai ʻia e like me ka saucer.
No ka ʻōlelo o ka hiʻohiʻona a me nā kumukūʻai kūkulu, ʻo Cayenne Swift, e noho nei ma Central a me South America, e kūkulu i ka pūlehu paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hale mai ka pā pōhaku nui a nānā nui ʻia e like me ka mākē makika me ke oki kaomi. Ma kona hoʻolālā ʻana, he laina me ke kīwaha me kahi komo mai lalo. ʻO ka pīpī me nā piʻo aʻe, piʻi ka wikiwiki i ka pale o ka paia i loko, kahi kahi e moe ai ka hua. Ma ka piko o kahi o ka pahu, aia kekahi puka hewa, e pani ʻia ma ka hopena make. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka "icicles" ma mua o 60 kenimika, ʻo ʻehā mau manawa ka lōʻihi o ka mea hana. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūkulu i ka ʻeono mahina a koi pono i ke ahonui a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana mai nā manu. ʻO ka ninini ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā hulu i ka lewa a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hana ana i ka lawaiʻa ma loko o kahi nui e pono ai no ka hana ʻana.
Me ke kōkua o ka lawaiʻa, hiki i ka poʻe pihi ke hōʻili i nā hua ma kahi o ka incubation - hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa me nā ʻolika a loaʻa a hoʻopili i ka pipi i ka kūlana maikaʻi loa.
Palapala ʻaʻa palu
ʻO ka like pū o ka palela ka wikiwiki, pālahalaha i nā ʻōpala o ka Hemisela Hikina, like me kahi papa ʻaina me ka ʻole o ka ʻohi i ke ʻano a me ka nui. Hoʻopili kēia "kihi" i lalo o ka lau o ka lau palma ma kahi kūlana paʻa. ʻO nā hua manu, heʻoiaʻiʻo, pili pū kekahi - me ia ʻole, hāʻule koke lākou i ka lepo. ʻO nā pipi "pēpē" paʻa loa me kā lākou kīʻaha kuʻi i loko o kā lākou kāleka halau a kau ana no kekahi mau hebedoma e nānā ana kā lākou mau mākua ma mua o lākou.
Kuhi kekahi ʻeke pāleka e ʻike i kahi lau o ka lāʻau ma nā lāʻau pālekanu. Ke hilinaʻi wale nei nā honu kau i luna iā lākou iho i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou nests mai ka ua. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kā lākou lehulehu, kūkulu lākou i nā nīpū liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā manu āpau.
Akā ʻaʻole mai ke ola maikaʻi, akā i ka manawa e pani paʻa ai ka nalo mai ka ua me kona kino iho.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi pā o kēia mau manu i ke aniani maʻi, ua nui ia i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana - ma hope o ka ʻaina awakea, a hiki paha ke pohō a hiki i kahi ʻino. ʻO kēia kūkulu ka wahi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana āpau i kulu ʻia pū, nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi lālā lāʻau. He nui ka wahi o ka testicle hoʻokahi wale nō: e noho ka manu incubating ma luna o kahi lālā, no ka mea ʻaʻole kahi paʻa ona. No laila, ʻo ka lālā ma kahi e hoʻopili ai ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole pono e ʻoiʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ma mua o kahi manamana lima - inā ʻaʻole wau e ʻoki i koʻu mau manamana lima e hoʻopaʻa iā ia. Noho ka noho ʻana ma lalo o kahi puʻu nui, i ka wā o ka hekili o ke aniani, pono ke holo i ke kūleʻa nui i lilo i hōʻailona no ka hoʻolaʻa manuahi hulu.
Nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻōpala
He aha nā hana maikaʻi wale ʻana i nā manu e ʻimi ai i ka hōʻoluʻolu nui loa a me ka palekana o kā lākou mau hihiu. ʻO kekahi kekahi i ka hoʻohana i ka mākaukau o nā kamana a me nā mea ʻeli. Kahi ʻia kēia mau mākaukau i ʻelua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka mea hana like - pono ko lākou pūlou ikaika, ka mea, e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi a he mea ʻāmi a i ʻole kahi pala. No laila, ʻo ka ʻoihana hana kākana a me kahi mea kālai i loko o ka honua o nā manu i pili pili i kekahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā 200 mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohele ʻia a puni ka honua he mau kānaka kai nahele maoli nō ia, ʻaʻohe ou ʻano like me ka hoʻokau o ka mālama ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. Ke “kuʻi” nui ke kumu lāʻau nui - ka melemele - komo i loko o ka hauʻoli a hoʻopaʻa i ka mea nui, ʻīpī a hiki i ka ʻumikumamālima kenimika ka lōʻihi e lele kokoke ana i ka "pae kūkulu" me kahi pūnāwai. ʻO Zhelna ka nui o kā mākou mea ʻoki lāʻau, aneane ka nui o ka huahe, a no laila makemake i kahi "hale". ʻO ka hohonu o kona hāpana i hiki ke 40 kenimika, ʻo ka palena o loko he 25 kenimika.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka "kūkulu" ʻana ma nā ʻaina ʻelua, a ua emi ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā pule ʻelua. Hana ʻia ka hana ma ke kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole e emi ma lalo o 3 mau mika mai ka lepo aku, a e piʻi i kekahi mau kime kahi kokoke i 15 mau mika. No laila, i ka wā mua o ka pūnāwai, a hiki i ka ulu mau, ʻō, ka lāʻau i koho ʻia e ka melemona, e hāʻawi mai i kahi mamao o kahi kīpī keʻokeʻo nui e waiho ana ma kahi mamao o 10-12 mau mika mai ka ʻala. ʻO ka hollow o kēia ʻano nui - ʻo ia ka lōʻihi i haʻalele ʻia e nā "mea hana", ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ke ʻano o ka notch - ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole ia e like me nā lāʻau kālai lāʻau, akā ellipsoid, a me kekahi manawa kokoke i ka ʻāwīwī, elongated ma ka ʻōpala.
ʻŌpū hele kahiko
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea puhipuhi manu i waho i kahi "home" hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mea kahiko i ka "mākeke kūʻai" a hana iā ia he mau mea kōkua pono e pili ana i nā manu ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka maʻi maʻamau. Ka hale o nā lāʻau kākela nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano mea i kālai ʻia i nā māka Lūkia, i noho ʻia e nā mele liʻiliʻi - flytraps, redstart, a me nā kīʻaha. Ua hōʻoluʻolu loa lākou me kahi lumi me ka diameter o 14-15 a me ka hohonu o 20-25 centimeter. Akā ʻoi aku ka mea nui a me ka manaʻo nui no nā manu ulu lāʻau, makemake nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia nā puʻu e hoʻopuni i nā manu nui e like me nā manu, nā pigeons, mergansers a me nā gogol.
Ma nā ululāʻau hou, ua aneane nā kumulāʻau nā mākaʻamana kahiko, no laila aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā pua ʻono i kūpono i nā ʻaka, nā holoholona piha, a me nā clintouches. ʻAʻole i like ia me nā mea hana lāʻau, ke makemake e hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi i noho ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, makemake ʻo ia e mālama i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā wā lōʻihi i nā loea kahiko, ka mea i kaohi ʻole ʻia ai iā ia ma ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea hou - "i mālama ʻia".
Me ka dexterity āpau, ʻaʻole hikiʻole i nā poʻe loea ke wiwo ʻole i nā pua hakahaka i kahi lāʻau paʻa o ka lāʻau maikaʻi loa mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena. No laila, aneane hiki i nā mea ʻike lāʻau āpau ke nānā i ka aspen, me kāna lāʻau ʻulopa, e hoʻopōmaikaʻi ana i ka ʻōpala kumu, kahi kumu punahele e hele ana ma lalo o ka pahu. Hiki iā ia ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka ʻōpala ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka "kūkulu" ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ka mea wana lāʻau ma ka pepeiao inā pono ia e hoʻomaka i ka hana ma kēia lāʻau a inā he mea maikaʻi paha e huli i kahi ʻē aʻe.
Kūkulu ʻia kahi lāʻau kalona dwarf - kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kālai lāʻau, e noho ana i nā kumu lāʻau awāwa o ka Himalaya a me Indochina. Lapa ʻia ka ʻōpū māhaka i loko a māhele ʻia i nā ʻāpana ma ka wehe ʻana. He mea lawa paha ka manu e huki i ka paia o ka ʻāpana he 10-20 kenimika ma luna o ka internode - a ua lako iā ia i loko o kahi keʻena piha hana piha.
ʻO kahi mea loea manu ulaula e noho ana ma ia ʻāina hoʻokahi nō ia e hana i kahi hakahaka, akā hōʻike i nā moa i loko o nā pupu nui a kūloko ʻia e kahi mau lāʻau nui, i kapa ʻia "ahi" no ko lākou ola a me ka makemake e hoʻoiho koke i nā ʻōpala ikaika a i kahi make a hōʻona.
ʻO ka mea waiwai no ka popo nā mea "pahu ʻala", i hana ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻawaʻawa a hui ʻia me ka lawena. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka poʻe Woodpeckers i kahi lua ma ka 5 sentimita ke anawaena o ka pūnanao ant a a hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou hua hua waena ma waena o nā keʻena o nā pepeke o nā pepeke. ʻO ka mea huna o ke kūpaʻa ʻoiau, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe noho āpau o ka nahele, ʻike ʻole ʻia e like me nā mea pili lāʻau, ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻokoʻa ka lawehala like ʻole i ka hana mau a me ka ʻai pinepine i nā pupae manu, me ka hoʻopi ʻole ʻana i ka molunui.
Nā hua ʻōlelo o ka Kingfisher maʻamau
He aliʻi nui nā Kingfisher i ka ʻōloʻi i nā lua. Keli lākou me ka lākou mau pua, a ʻeli lākou i ka lepo o loko o ke kaʻi ʻia me ko lākou mau wāwae, e hoʻi ana i ka puka, no laila ke hoʻomōlohelohe ʻia ka pālolo a me ka one i waho o ka lua. Ke koho nei i kahi i nā mea ʻoluʻolu, nui nā manu manu e waiho i kekahi mau lua i ka manawa like, pinepine i kekahi manawa kūpono i kahi mamao mai kekahi i kekahi. I ke kakahiaka, hana ʻia ka mōʻī ma luna o kekahi pali, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o ʻaina awakea i kahi ʻē, a i ke ahiahi ke ʻike aku nei, ua hoʻoiho ʻia mai ka lua o ka pālolo.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā lua hana i ka ʻā ʻana a hana ikaika loa ia. Akā ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā mea loikāne me ka ʻoliʻoli loa, a me nā kāne kīnā ʻole e pale aku i ka hana, akā e hoʻoikaika pū e hana i ka waiwai nui loa i ke kūkulu ʻana a nānā i ko lākou huli ʻana me ka hoʻomanawanui nui.
ʻO ka lua o ka pūhaka he tunele paʻa mai kanakolima kenimika a ʻekolu mau mika ka lōʻihi, e holo lele ana a me ke ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻO ke komo ʻana o ka lua e kū mau ana i ka muliwai, a i kona hohonu hoʻi kahi kahele i paʻa ai ka nui o kahi ʻōmato. He keʻena mālama kēia ma kahi o nā ʻelima mau ʻōkeke e hiki hoʻomoʻi.
Ma waena o nā manu he nui nā mea pili ʻole e hoʻomākiuki iā lākou iho me ke kālai lāʻau a i ʻole ka hana lepo, akā hoʻokaumaha loa i nā pupu paʻa a me nā ʻuʻuku. Noho nā poʻe noho o kēlā me kēia ʻano i ko lākou mau mea i ka pā. No ka laʻana, hana ka nui o nā kahe nui i nā pōkoleʻeleʻele a me ka hohonu. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, nā manu lele pied, i kūpaʻa e hana pū me nā hollows, mai makemake i ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ke kumu i ka huki ʻana i nā manu i ka hopena ʻano o "ka lawaiʻa kahiko" i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka hiʻonaʻo ia ka flytraps hou e noho nei e noho ʻia ana e nā pahu manu e waiho nei me ka mālamalama i loko o nā pā, akā, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopuni i nā wahi hoʻomana, i hoʻomāhulu i nā makahiki he nui, nona nā pā i hoʻohiki i ka hina mai ka manawa i ka manawa. Akā ua lawa ia e keʻokeʻo i kēia mau ʻuhane i loko, e lilo hou i mea hoihoi.
Nā mea i loaʻa i ka "hana ulana manuahi"
ʻO nā mea hōʻike kupanaha loa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Bird Architecture i hoʻolako ʻia e ka "hana ulana manuahi". Hana nā mea hana hanahana ma aneʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea ulana, aneane ko lākou āpau he liʻiliʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā "limahana hana" ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 o nā mea ulana manuahi, aneane loaʻa lākou a pau i nā savannahs a me nā nahele o ʻApelika. Aia kekahi lālā liʻiliʻi o ka "workshop" ma Asia Hema - 7 wale nō nā mea hana ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka “awhi ihi” āpau, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana ulana, ka mea i māhele ʻia i nā keʻena subfamily, kahi like i ka nui o nā "limahana" a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻina hana ʻenehana.
Aia wale nō nā ʻano 7 he mau passerines. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻokele piha i ka ʻoihana ulana, akā ʻaʻole kēia i kaohi i kekahi o lākou, ʻoiai nā ʻimi a nā ʻikipiki, mai ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻike, aia i loko o ka hale kūkulu manu ua loaʻa ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia i ka mea paʻakikī loa a me kekahi o nā hana nui.
ʻEnehana hana
ʻO nā ulana manu āpau he ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka manaʻo hoʻokahi. He lumi lole spherical a ellipsoid paha e pani ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau me kahi ala paʻa mai lalo a ʻaoʻao paha. I ka nui o nā koina, he nui a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o loko o ka wai inlet e alakaʻi ai i ka pili, kahi like ka hale o ka hale holo like a pana paha. He ʻano hoihoi a ka ʻānela ulana. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, kūkulu lākou i ka pani ʻana, akā ke kau nei i nā nests.
Hoʻokumu mua ka waihona i ka kumu. Hana me ke kakaho, nā wāwae, ke hoʻopuni nei i ka lālā e pono ai, hoʻokele ʻia e ka manu e hoʻopili pono ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi o kahi mea hana. A laila e kāwili ʻia kekahi lālā lāʻau kokoke, a e hoʻopili nā manu iā lāua i kekahi me ke ʻaina nālele lole mai lalo a ma luna. He like o nā puka puka, ka mea i huli a lilo i loko o ka hīnaʻi, a i loko o kahi pahu, - ma kahi huaʻōlelo, i kahi home i pau ai.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā loea i ka hana e nā kāne wale nō, ʻaʻole nui ka hapanui o lākou e kipa aku i nā ʻuʻuku i kūkulu ʻia ma ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka mea ʻo ia, me waho ʻole, nā hana kūkulu a pau a lākou i hoʻoholo ai e hana i waho me ka ʻole e piʻi i loko o ka lumi. Ke kū nei me ke kaʻe o hope, noho nui ke kāne i kahi o ka hana e like ana - ma ka papahū o lalo o ke kaula, me kona nuku ma ka paia ākea e pili ana i ka pānaʻi a me kona kua i kona komo ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Pēlā, e hana ana ka mea ulana i ke kūkulu 'ana iā ia' a iā ia, a i ka nui o ka hale i hoʻonui ʻia, ma lalo o kāna "heʻe kolohe", ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻohuli hou a hoʻi i hope, me ka pīhoihoi kupaianaha e paʻa ana kona mau wāwae i ko lākou wahi mua. E hoʻopau i ka kūkulu ʻana a kono i ka wahine mare e nānā i ka hale, pono ʻo ia e huli i lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kau ana i kona kua i lalo a hoʻopaʻa i kona mau kahe ma hope o ka paepae o ka hale.
ʻO ka Weaver Public
E neenee aku mākou i kēia manawa mai East Africa, i nā savannas kahi o ka nui o nā mea ulana manu e ola nei, i ka wao ʻo Namib, e kū nei i kahi kikoʻī ma kahi o nā kahawai o ka Atlantika ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻulena ʻAmelika, i holoi ʻia e ke anuanu o Benguelan e kū nei. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kamaʻāina kūloko me ke ʻano ʻino a ʻaʻole i momona nā manu.
Akā naʻe hea ka mea ornithologist e hōʻole i ka manawa e kipa aku ai i kēia ʻāina inhospitable, ma lalo o ka inoa inoa ʻo Skeleton Coast? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, eia iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi o nā mea kupanaha nui o ka ʻenehana kūkulu ʻana i ka hulu - ka pūnaahi o nā mea ulana lehulehu.
Kahi ʻia nā hopena o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea ʻohi a mai kahi mamao aku a he ʻano nui me kahi ʻākala nui, pālaki ʻia ma ka paʻapū o ka mea ʻole i ka lepo, akā ma ka lei o kahi lāʻau. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ia mau ʻōpala me nā lāʻau lili-kumulāʻau me ko lākou ʻala me ka momona nui (succulent) a me ka nui o ka wai, a he poʻo poepoe ʻo nā lālā pōkole a pōkole. "Kopna" ua kau ʻia ma nā lālā maloʻo loa a he pākaʻi paʻa ʻia ka cone paʻa i ka mauʻu maloʻo, uhi ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao mānoanoa a ikaika hoʻi o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau paʻa i kahi ʻano hale.
ʻO ka Weaver Public
Aia nā keʻena pilikino noho noho ma ka papa haʻahaʻa o nā mea haʻahaʻa. E kū ana ʻo lākou i nā puka o lākou a ua kokoke kokoke lākou i kēlā me kēia, no laila ke nānā ʻia nei, mai ke kiʻi he melemele. Ma luna o nā hale i nā hale noho i luna o nā papahele he mau hale kahiko, lōʻihi i haʻalele ʻia e nā mea nona a piha hoʻopiha ʻia i nā mea waiwai.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa (a i ʻole i ʻole ka mānoanoa) o nā ʻuʻina kolamu a hiki i hoʻokahi mita, ʻo ke aniani ka 3-4 mika. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kaukani ulana i ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau hale nani i ola i kahi makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki; a he 500 mau kānaka hoʻokahi i hui pū i nā nī nui i ka manawa like. Ke hoʻokō nei i kāna kumu, ʻo ka "hūʻī" haʻalulu ia ke kākoʻo a hāʻule i ka lepo.
ʻO ka hoʻopuka a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka waihona ka nui o nā kānaka o ka kolone e pili ana i ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, ua ʻike ʻole nā mea ulana i ka ʻili o lalo a ʻo ka hapanui ka manawa ma luna o ka hale, kahi e maloʻo ai nā lau a maloʻo nā ʻōpala a maloʻo a maloʻo. Pane ka poʻe āpau e kau i kā lākou makana ma luna o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu e lawe nui ai ka hale i ke ʻano o kahi dome maʻamau maʻamau.
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, ke piʻi nei ka manaʻo o nā manu ma ke "ʻōpū palipihi" o ka hale, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kona lalo haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻaneʻi a kau i kona kua ma lalo o kona mau wāwae, lawe ka mea ulana me kāna puʻupuʻu e nānā pono ai i nā ʻāpana o ka mauʻu e hoʻopili ana i waho o ka mānoanoa o ka waiwai. ʻO kēia hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e pono i ke ahonui. Ma ka hopena, puka ka lua ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o kahi papikala palupalu, kahi i hoʻohana ai i kahi ʻano hana like ʻole like, hoʻom hohonu a hoʻonui a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pā o ka lumi moe.
I ka manawa like, i kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka ka mea hana e lawe i nā ʻalaʻu hou aʻe i ka "kahua kūkulu" a, hana ma ke ʻano maʻamau, e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka waiwai a puni ka lua. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu o ka lako, a ʻo ka lumi hulahula e hoʻomoʻo ana iā ia iho i ka mānoanoa. Pēlā, e hoʻonui nui ana ka hana i ka ulu ʻana o ka kolone o nā mea ulana lehulehu i ka makahiki, akā, i ka hoʻoilo, e ulu nui ana ia, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hano e ulu ana ia.
Kahi ʻia aku ka pūhaha kupaianaha loa e kahi ʻāpana Aferika: i ka manawa like like me kahi pā remez maʻamau, he ʻelua komo komo. Ma waho, ke ʻike maopopo ʻia ka puka hala hala ʻole, no ka komo ʻana i ka pā o ka nuku, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻike ʻole ʻia, no ka mea i uhi ʻia e ka punawai komo haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole ia maʻalahi loa ke komo i loko o nā poʻe lehulehu.
Hana maoli ʻia nā hana kūkulu hale iā remezs e nā kāne. Hoʻokomo kahi kāne kāne i ke kumu o ka kūkulu hale ʻana a hoʻolohe ka wahine i ka mele. Inā ʻaʻole i hele lōʻihi mau, a kūkulu ke kāne i kahi hale hou ma kahi kokoke a mele ke kokoke iā lākou. He ʻokoʻa ka ʻenehana o ke kūkulu hale.Ma ka hōʻea ʻana i ka pae kūkulu ʻia me ka pūpū o nā kinipona palupalu palupalu i ka lāʻau, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ke kāne iā lākou me ka palena hoʻokahi ma ke kumu kākoʻo I hoʻokahi hola, lawe mai ka "mea kūkulu" i ka ʻenemi lawena 10-15 mau manawa. Ma hope o nā hola 3-4 o ka hana, e hoʻopili ai ke kāne i nā lālā kaulike i kekahi i kekahi me ke kea mai ka pūʻulu o ka mauʻu, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o ka honu i loko o ke ʻano o kahi kuʻi a i ʻole nā apo. ʻĀnō e hoʻomaka ke kapa i ke kīlei o nā mea kanu elastic, ka mea e hele i ka hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke ʻano, akā nā ʻili nui o nā ʻalā e hoʻopili nei i nā wahi like ʻole ma waena o nā fibers a me ka hoʻomākaʻi ʻia i nā paia o ka pūnana.
Aia i ka hopena o ka lā mua o ka kūkulu ʻana, e kaʻi i ke ʻano o ke kinipōpō a me ke aka ʻono liʻiliʻi me ke kāʻei - ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a māhuahua ma ke kumu. Ma hope iho, piʻi kiʻekiʻe nā kihi o nā hīnaʻi, hāʻule ka lua a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka paia ma luna. I kēia manawa ke waiho wale nei ia e hoʻopili i ka lepe loiloi ma ke ʻano o kahi pālākiō, ua mākaukau ka pili. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻano kūpono o nā hana, a hiki i ka ulu wale ʻana i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa, he ʻano ʻano o nā mea ulana i ʻōlelo ʻia, nāna nō i hana i nā pūnaka pale akā hoʻohana i nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe no kā lākou paʻa.
I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, kaomi ʻia ʻo nā kāne e kiaʻi pono i ka ʻāina a puni o kā lākou mau nest, no ka mea, inā nui ka hale, hiki ke luku ʻia e nā kāne ʻē aʻe e manaʻo nei i ka haole.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia ke ola ʻohana no nā ʻokiʻoki. Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ka pālua, ua hoʻopau koke ke kāne remeza i ke kūkulu ʻana (i kekahi manawa me ka komo ʻana o ka wahine) a ma ka wā e hiki mai ana ke hoʻolilo iā ia iho i ka hoʻolilo ʻana i kahi pelekane, a i ʻole ia e lele ma kahi huakaʻi a ke kauwela loaʻa kahi ʻohana hou ma ka lōʻihi o 25-30 mau kilomita mai kahi lōʻihi.
Māhina i ka nui o nā kāne nā mea hana like ʻole e hoʻāʻo ai me ka ikaika āpau e hoʻopau i kahi pūnana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me ka masonry, ʻoiai ua hoʻonāukiuki ʻia a hiki i nā hana ʻenekona i ka wahine, ka mea e hōʻike i ka makaʻu paʻa i ka palekana o nā hua. I ka hopena, ua manawa kekahi mau wahine e kau i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu ʻekolu i ka ness o nā kāne like ʻole ma luna o ke kauwela. Haʻalele kekahi mau wahine i ka masonry ma ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne, e noho mau ʻia kekahi poʻe - ʻo ia wale nō me ke kōkua o nā kāne. He nui nā keiki i make no ka hakakā ʻana o nā mākua i ka manawa āpau, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka make i kēia wahi.