Rudd - kekahi o kā mākou iʻa maikaʻi loa, he ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni loa ia. I ka manawa mua, ʻike ka rudd i kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka hele roach a ʻo ia paha ke kuhihewa pinepine i ka hopena. Akā ʻaʻole naʻe e ʻōlelo i ka rudd ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kālai lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa kōkoke, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā he mea kūlike kahi e makemake ʻia ai e nā kānaka a pau. Akā, inā e kuke pololei, ua ʻono maikaʻi loa ka pā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau o ka rudd
Rudd - He iʻa kupaianaha a nani. ʻO kēia noho ka mea mālama wai kūlohelohe he pili i nā kaʻa, no kā lākou ʻohana. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka ʻoniʻoni ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā pua (no kahi i loaʻa ai kona inoa). E like me kāu e ʻike ai ma luna kiʻi, ʻokiʻoki he mea maʻalahi ke nunu me ka roach, ʻoiai kēia mau iʻa i kānalua i nā ʻano like ʻole.
Akā e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau mea i loko o ka ʻula o ko lākou mau maka, he lei pale o ka ʻula i loko o ka rudd, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka iʻa ka pīhoihoi. Aia he mau ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe: nā kahelehe ʻelua mau lālani ʻelua a me kahi nīnohi i hāpai ʻia, a me kekahi hiʻona o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka pale. ʻOiai aia nā ʻano hybrid me ka hoʻohui like ʻana o nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa ma waho.
He gula a nani hoʻi ke kino o ke kua, he kiʻekiʻe a ākea hoʻi a mai ka ʻaoʻao, kona lōʻihi a hiki i ka hapalua mika. ʻIke ʻia kahi wahi ʻulaʻula ma luna o ka puʻu ʻo luna. Hiki i ke kaumaha o kahi mea nui i kekahi mau kuhi i hiki i ʻelua mau kaukani paha. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā specimens medium.
ʻO kēia ʻano o ka iʻa ua ʻike ʻia nā lawaiʻa i ʻEulopa: ʻaʻole ʻo Russia wale nō, akā ʻo Sweden hoʻi, ʻEnelani a me Palani, a ua pālahalaha ʻia ʻo ia ma Central Asia a me ka Far East. Noho ia i kekahi ʻano o nā loko a me nā kahe, kahe, me ka komo, i loko o nā kai he nui ʻo Rūsia, e komo pū ana me nā Aral, Caspian, Azov, ʻ Blackleʻele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Inā ʻaʻole kāhea ka poʻe aloha i ka hale, e ʻoluʻolu i nā iʻa hou: a magpie, kahi pāie, kahi pāie. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou he mau maka ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha e noho ana nā limu. ʻIke ʻia kēlā iʻa ma ka wai o Kanada, Tunisia a ma ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi.
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, noho nā ʻōpala i ka wao nahele, nā kahawai me ka kahe mālie, loko wai, nā ʻuna a me nā kōna wai me nā lili wai, nā ʻihi a me nā mea kanu ʻai ʻē aʻe, kahi e nui ai nā wahi huna e hūnā mai i nā mea hoʻoiho.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka rudd
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kokoke i ke kahakai, i waena o nā puʻu, algae a me nā mea kanu kai. He maʻalahi nā hui a i nā ʻano ʻoi o nā pua, kahi e ʻauʻau ai lākou i hui ʻia me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe: bream, tench, me ke kālai kea.
ʻO nā kanaka nui a mākaukau nui, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hele i nā wahi i ka wai pāpaku, ke ʻimi wale nō i ka meaʻai, a me ke koena o ka manawa a lākou ke makemake e hele, i nā wahi wai, kahi i loaʻa aku ka nui o ke kūʻokoʻa. I ke koho ʻana i kā lākou wahi, ua loli maoli ka ludd, ke alakaʻi nui nei i kahi ala maʻamau, me ka ʻole o ka minamina a me nā ʻano huakaʻi hele.
Ma ke ʻano maoli, he mea palau a he kai iki kekahi, akā inā pono i hiki iā lākou ke ikaika, ola, ʻoiai ke hele mau lākou me ka makaʻala. E like me nā pua a kālai, ʻokiʻoki ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka elō hohonu i ka nahele o nā mea kanu, kahi kūmole lākou.
ʻAʻole momona ka ʻai o ka rudd, akā ʻano maikaʻi loa kona ʻano, no laila ʻaʻole manaʻo nā mea āpau mai nā kīʻaha mai kēia mea wai i mālama ʻia pono. Akā inā hiki mai kahi mea kuke ma waena o ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai inā maopopo iā ia nā mea huna kūikawā no ka kuke ʻana i ka ʻono o ka iʻa me nā ʻano leʻaleʻa like ʻole, e hana ana i nā mea āpau e like me nā lula, a laila ua kolo ʻia ka pā a me ka kolo.
I ka pūnāwai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻo rudd i nā algae filamentous a me ka mulberry e like me ka hānai, e hōʻeha ana i kā lākou ʻai i ka momona i kēia manawa o ka makahiki. A ua hiki i kēia kūlana ke hao i ka leʻaleʻa o nā mea ʻono i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka iʻa. Kiʻewa ʻoe maikaʻi maikaʻi me kekahi koʻokoʻi.
Aloha ʻo Krasnoperki i ka mahana, no laila ke ola ikaika nei ka malama i nā mahina kauwela. A aia hoʻi ka manawa o kēia lawaiʻa no ka lawaiʻa, no kēia mea, ke huli nei ka mea i kūle nui loa. I Sepatemaba, rudd ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hopu i ka lā anuanu i loko o nā māla lau o ke kahakai. I nā wahi ākea wai i kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka iʻa.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hāʻule nā ʻohana o ka rudd, a hāʻule lākou i ka lua hoʻoilo. Hāʻule i ka rudd e ʻimi aku i ka wahi hohonu ma nā hohonu hohonu, kahi e moe ai ia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā lā mahana, e kali ana i ka manawa e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia ai ka lā o ka lā.
ʻO ka ʻai Redfin
ʻOi aku ka makemake o Krasnoperki i ka mea kanu meaʻai, aia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu aku, akā e hoʻohui pū kekahi i nā kupa, nā hua a me nā mea inikua, a me ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o kā lākou ʻai.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā mea wānana ka mea maʻamau o kēia mau mea ola, a ʻo kā lākou mea ʻai ʻia e lilo paha i ka tadpoles, palaka a me ka gaping goreng. I ke kauwela, he leʻaleʻa pinepine nā rudd i nā hua lehele, kahi i waiho ai ma nā lau o nā lilia wai, me ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i kēia ʻano mea maikaʻi me ka ʻano ʻono o kēia mau iʻa.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana nā lawaiʻa loiloi i nā dungworms, kahe koko a me nā maggots no ka maunu i ka wā e hopu ai i ka rudd. A maikaʻi kēia ʻano maikaʻi i ka iʻa maikaʻi no ka iʻa. A no nā mea ʻala palaoa maikaʻi loa a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka semolina ma luna o ka wai, e hāʻawi ana i kāna mau hopena.
ʻO ka pena a me ka lōʻihi o ka rudd
I ka makahiki ʻelima o ke ola iʻa ʻohi hele a lawa ka pā pono e hana i nā hana procreation. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau mea i nā ʻano o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole me ke ʻano o nā ʻano iʻa o ka iʻa, akā, me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e like me nā ʻano ʻano like me lākou, ʻoiai e hānau ʻia nā huaʻai.
I ka wā hele, ka mea e ʻike ʻia e ka hopena o Mei, e ʻoi aku ka ʻike o ka ʻulaʻula o ka iʻa. Hoʻopili ka iʻa i ka hua manu, i ka nui o nā haneli he mau haneli, ʻo ke ana ʻana e pili ana i kahi milimita, i nā kumu algae. Eia nō hoʻi, he ʻāpana maikaʻi ka hapa mua o ka manawa, a ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka lua a me ke kolu hoʻi i ke kala.
ʻOiai, ʻo ka nui o nā hua i iʻa ʻia e ka rudd ka mea maʻamau, nui wale nō o lākou e ulu i ka poʻe hiki ke ola, a ʻo ke koena, no nā kumu hoʻokahi, make a lilo ʻole i maʻamau. I kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻōpū mai nā hua, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka pipi e ʻAukake. Noho ka ʻōpala i nā makahiki he 19.
He aha ke ʻano o ka rudd
Ma ke kiʻi o ka rudd ma ka Pūnaewele hiki ke maʻalahi ʻoe e ʻike i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i loaʻa i kona inoa. Nā umauma pua nani, he kino lepo i nā ʻaoʻao, nā poʻo liʻiliʻi, nā pālike kālā kālā - eia ke ʻano o kēia ʻano he ʻano nīnū.
Ke ulu lohi nei, ma ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, hiki i ka iʻa ka lōʻihi o 4-6 cm, ma nā makahiki he mau makahiki e ulu mau ana ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia e ka huina like. I kekahi manawa ke hele mai nā spimimens nui nui, ke kaupaona nei i 2 kg, akā he mea ʻano iki kēia.
ʻO ke ola ʻōpala i kahi o 10-12 mau makahiki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kele
Ma ka makahiki ʻalima o ke ola, ua hōʻea ka iʻa i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Hele mai ka rudd i ka palena ma ka hopena o Mei. I kēia manawa, hele mai ke kala o nā pua a me ka ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he 3 mau lawelawe o ka caviar. Kē liʻiliʻi nā hua, ʻaʻole ʻia ma mua o kahi kenimika ka diameter, uhi ʻia me ka papahū neʻe a ua hoʻopili ʻia a me nā lau, kumu a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu aku.
No kahi manawa lōlihi, e waiho ana ka wahine mai 5 a 230 tausani hua. ʻAʻole hōʻeha ia kēia hana overproduction: e make ka hapanui o nā hua maʻi ma muli o nā wai haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka maloo a i ka siltation o ka lalo.
Ma hope o 3 mau lā ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua, 5 mm lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka honu nāʻa mai lākou, i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka larva i ka nui o 30 mm, hoʻomaka ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mālama ʻia ka palaoa i loko o nā pā i nā papahana kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
Kahi a hea
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Soroga i ka wikiwiki, makemake nui i nā wai me ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali nā loko, nā loko, nā loko wai, inā he awa ia, koho ia i nā waimaka a me nā haʻalulu, kūlohelohe ʻōpū, ua nui ʻia me nā ʻā a me ka mimiki.
Aloha aloha ʻo Soroga, makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau a kākū i ka lā i ka puna o ka wai i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. I ke ahiahi - ua hoʻololi i kona wahi a neʻe kokoke i lalo, kahi i hoʻomo ʻole ʻia ka wai.
E makaʻala!
Nā hiʻohiʻona kele
Ma ka makahiki ʻalima o ke ola, ua hōʻea ka iʻa i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Hele mai ka rudd i ka palena ma ka hopena o Mei. I kēia manawa, hele mai ke kala o nā pua a me ka ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he 3 mau lawelawe o ka caviar. Kē liʻiliʻi nā hua, ʻaʻole ʻia ma mua o kahi kenimika ka diameter, uhi ʻia me ka papahū neʻe a ua hoʻopili ʻia a me nā lau, kumu a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu aku.
No kahi manawa lōlihi, e waiho ana ka wahine mai 5 a 230 tausani hua. ʻAʻole hōʻeha ia kēia hana overproduction: e make ka hapanui o nā hua maʻi ma muli o nā wai haʻahaʻa ma muli o ka maloo a i ka siltation o ka lalo.
Ma hope o 3 mau lā ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua, 5 mm lōʻihi lōʻihi o ka honu nāʻa mai lākou, i ka wā i loaʻa ai ka larva i ka nui o 30 mm, hoʻomaka ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mālama ʻia ka palaoa i loko o nā pā i nā papahana kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
Kahi a hea
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Soroga i ka wikiwiki, makemake nui i nā wai me ka nāwaliwali nāwaliwali nā loko, nā loko, nā loko wai, inā he awa ia, koho ia i nā waimaka a me nā haʻalulu, kūlohelohe ʻōpū, ua nui ʻia me nā ʻā a me ka mimiki.
Aloha aloha ʻo Soroga, makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau a kākū i ka lā i ka puna o ka wai i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. I ke ahiahi - ua hoʻololi i kona wahi a neʻe kokoke i lalo, kahi i hoʻomo ʻole ʻia ka wai.
E makaʻala!
Kahi ka hana kiʻekiʻe o kēia iʻa mai Mei a September. A laila, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke anuanu, nanea ka iʻa i kāna metabolism a waiho i kahi ʻano hibernation ma ka pāpaʻu. Ma laila, ʻae maʻalahi ʻo ia i ka nele o ka oxygen i ka wai a puka i waho o kona malu i ka pūnāwai.
Flocking, akahele, akā i ka iʻa e ola ai, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hapanui o nā lawaiʻa-loea ʻo ka ʻōpala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lawaiʻa
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao e pili ana i ka wahi a me pehea e hopu ai i ka rudd. Makemake nui ʻo Soroga i ka wai me nā kahakai. No laila, hopu lākou i ka ʻōpala ulaula i loko o nā loko a me nā loko, a me nā kahe wai ma ka kahawai, kahi lōʻihi mai ka kahawai nui.
ʻO ke kauwela, hopu ʻia nā iʻa kokoke i ke kai i kahi hohonu no ka lāʻau lawaiʻa. I ka pūnāwai a me ka wā lohi, inā pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka iʻa mai ka lalo, ua koho ʻia kahi pahu hau kaumaha.
Mai ka bait, rudd prefers larectsekvae, lawe ka wai iʻa, a he manu maikaʻi loa ka nui o nā koina manu - nā lele lele nā manu.
Loko huki
Ma Primorye, ma nā Mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Sakhalin, ʻo Hokkaido a me ke kahakai ʻākau o ka mokupuni o Honshu aia kekahi ʻano kūikawā o ka ʻihi - nā pihi a me ka nani o ka rudd-oʻe, he ʻano like me ka muliwai, akā ua loaʻa ke kino ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka iʻa anadromous iʻa i ka lawehala: noho ia i loko o ke kai, akā lawe i ka wai wai. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Redfin Ugai i ke aliʻi lawaiʻa.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope, ua hopu ikaika ʻia nā māke e hele i ka wā o ka spawning, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka helu i hōʻemi nui ai. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano lawaiʻa.
Hoʻomaka pinepine ka ʻele i ka iʻa maʻa-pepeiao, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea, ʻo kā ka palaoa i hoʻolapalapa ai ka hāʻawi i ka lepo. Akā ʻo ka pipi ʻōleʻa - ʻoluʻolu loa! Loaʻa hou.
E pōmaikaʻi nā huakaʻi lawaiʻa a me kāu ʻaina awakea!
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka rudd e kahi kino kiʻekiʻe, i maʻalili i nā ʻaoʻao, a me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi hoʻi. Ko kikino nā niho kona (maopopo kēia, ʻo ka iʻa he predatory), ka ʻuʻuku a hoʻonohonoho i nā lālani 2 mau lālani. ʻO nā mea nui o ke ʻōpala he nui loa, i ʻōlelo paha kekahi. Ka laulā, ka rudd ma nā ʻaoʻao he 37-44 flakes. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino o ka rudd hiki ke 50 cm, aʻo ke kaupaona ʻana o ka iʻa ʻaʻole ma mua o 2-2.1 kg.
ʻOiai i ka nui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaupaona o ka maʻamau rudd ma kahi liʻiliʻi. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e ka pono ʻo rudd kekahi o nā iʻa wikiwiki e ulu ana (ma ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hoʻonui wale ia i ka 4,5 mm), hiki i nā poʻeʻelemakule a hiki wale me nā ʻelemakule ke hele i ka nui a me ka paona i hōʻike ʻia (kūlohelohe ʻia) , nā māka lawaiʻa) kanaka kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO ke kua ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula, ʻo kona kua he uliuli ʻulaʻula, me kahi aniani ʻulaʻula. I kekahi mau subspecies, he brownish-green. He ʻala nā kālā ma ke ʻōpū, he kālā, a he gula nā ʻaoʻao. No ka mea maoli, he ʻulaʻula ʻāpala o nā melaka, i hāʻawi i kona inoa. E pili ana i ka ʻano o kēia iʻa - aia kekahi wahi hoihoi loa. Aia ia i ka manaʻo o ka pena o nā ʻōpio ua ʻili ʻole ʻia e like me ka uha a me ka ʻōpio wahine makua. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo kēia ʻano e wehewehe ʻia e nā ʻano o ka "maturation" o kēia iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hōʻulu: ʻO ke ʻano he ʻano rudd
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka lawaiʻa i loaʻa i ka lawaiʻa e hūnā i ka rudd me ka iʻa like a me ka maʻamau - roach. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia, no ka mea ua maopopo ko lākou ʻano like ʻole o waho. Akā ʻoiai naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e hiki ai i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua ke ʻokoʻa (ma mua o ka ʻānai ʻia a ʻai ʻia.
No laila, pehea ke ʻano like ai ka roach mai ka rudd:
- ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka rudd - i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kino o ka roach. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka rudd i uhi ʻia i ka mucus,
- ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ke kala a ke ʻano o ka roach - ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka "rula".
- ʻāpanaʻulaʻula nā maka o nā maka, inā ʻo i roach, he koko ʻulaʻula lākou.
- Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka helu o nā niho. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Roach (nā iʻa puaʻa) ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe no nā niho kuahi, a loaʻa lākou i ka lālani me ia. Ma kahi o ka rudd, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo koke i 2 mau lālani o nā niho ikaika a ikaika hoʻi, kūpono no ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me ka iʻa.
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pālima roach
- ʻokoʻa nō ka ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano, ʻoiai he mea lawaiʻa e hiki ke loiloi ʻia ma ke kū ʻole ʻole. ʻO ka mea e ʻākoakoa ana ka roach i nā ʻohana nui loa, akā ʻo ka mea nāna e ʻimi i noho "i mau ʻohana".
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka rudd?
Kuhi: Redfin i ka wai
Ua koho ʻo Krasnoperk ma kahi he wahi noho i nā wahi o nā hale noho i piha ʻia me nā algae a me nā ʻoka, me kahi wikiwiki ʻole a me kona paʻa ʻole ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka wai o nā loko wai e kahe ana, nā loko, a me nā wai hoʻi o nā kahawai - he koho kūpono ia no ka rudd. Ka ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i makemake i ka rudd i ka wai hou. A ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūnoho ikaika no ia he mea maʻamau ka mea e hoʻoholo nei i ka hiki ʻole o kahi keʻa wai no ka noho ʻana. Ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ka rudd i nā kuahiwi, nā wai wikiwiki - ʻaʻole ia i makemake i kēlā mau loko wai.
ʻAʻole aneane ua hele ka rudd ma lalo o nā kahawai kaʻa - ka punahele punahele o ka tench i kēlā me kēia kau. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hū ka iʻa (me i ka wela) ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā aʻa i pale mai ke kahakai. Ma kēia ala, ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia kahiʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai ka roach - ʻo ia, ʻoiai ke koi ʻia ʻo ia e kaʻana i hoʻokahi pāheo me ka rudd, pili i nā wahi ākea ʻē aʻe. ʻAe, me nāʻauʻau, kokoke i ka lalo. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Krasnoperka kokoke i nā hale wai, nā alahaka a me nā ʻūhā - akā inā ʻaʻole he mea kanu lāʻau e kokoke ana.
E pili ana i ke papa - ʻae, ʻaʻole makemake ka laka iā ia, akā ʻaʻohe mea e kūʻē i ka nāwaliwali, makemake kokoke e noho kokoke me kahi wili uila. Kuhi kēia wahi i ka rudd me ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ma ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ʻoho, a ʻo kēlā mau lawaiʻa i ʻike i ka nui o kona kolo ʻana a i ʻole ke pololei, hele aku kekahi i ka wā e pāʻani ana ma luna o ka wai, me ka manaʻo nui e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ana kēia maʻi ʻōpio e ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka iʻa.
ʻĀnō maopopo ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka rudd. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka rudd?
Kuhi: iʻa ʻōpala
Ma nā huaʻai eʻai ai, ʻo ka rudd i hakakā mau nei, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau ka mea maʻamau.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻaha mea nui kēia iʻa, a e ʻai ai i nā mea a pau a pau āu e pono ai:
- nā ʻano hua like o nā ʻikena waiu a me nā inisua hoʻi,
- nā ʻōpala
- wai hōʻano collar
- nā mea kanu meaʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi: algae, plankton a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu aku.
Aia kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka meaʻai - ʻai ka ʻōpio rudd i nā zooplankton kūʻokoʻa. A ma ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o ka wā puberty e hoʻohuli ai lākou i "ke ʻano", ʻai i nā meaʻai like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻai o ka rudd o ka pākeke, ʻo ka mea o nā mea āpau o luna, e hōʻike ʻia ana e nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu aku a me nā algae filamentous. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻowahāwahā i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻai wale nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka leʻaleʻa.
I ke kauwela, makemake loa ka rudd e hoʻopau i ka caviar sewe, ka mea a lākou e hoʻolei ma luna o nā lau o nā lau wai (e pili ana i ka ʻaoʻao i ka wai). No laila ke hele ʻoe i ka lawaiʻa i ke ahiahi ʻo Iune a nani, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka pīhoihoi a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana i loko o nā kumulāʻau o nā wai wai - ʻo ia ka puʻupuʻu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ka ʻōpū mukosa i kālai ʻia i nā lau o ka wai lili, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka hopena. Hoʻokani kahi leo kūlike i ka lewa a hopu i ke ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Whakaahua: Kaheʻe maʻamau
Ma ka waena o ka mahina o Kepakemapa i ʻoi aku ai nā ʻōpio rudd en masse i nā ʻoka a, ʻoi paha ka hoʻoilo, ma laila. ʻO nā pākeke, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāne, i kēia manawa ke makemake e hoʻopili i nā wahi hohonu. Ka hoʻāʻo nā rudd ma ka liʻiliʻi i ka ʻike ma ka wai o ka wai. ʻO ke hopena, ma ka mahina o ʻOkakopa e hāʻule ai lākou i ka hoʻoilo. I ka pōkole, e hoʻomaka ana i ka waena oʻOkakopa, ʻaʻole paha e lana ka manaʻo e hopu i ka uō. I ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau hoʻokae maʻamau e hana nei ʻaʻole e hana pono iā ʻoe.
Ma nā loko wai a me nā loko, a me nā kahe mai pāpio, i ka hoʻoilo, inā he pau ʻole ka oxygen, ua holo ka ʻāʻī o ka pulu me ka ʻaoʻao. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hopu i nā nui. ʻOiai e kamaʻilio ʻia ʻo ka rudd he iʻa paʻakikī loa. He aneane like ʻole me ka wai ʻole o ka mana wai e like me ke ʻoki, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka lima.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻōpala maʻamau no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia iʻa me nā pilikia koʻikoʻi - paʻakikī loa ka hopu, no ka mea, ke hōʻike nei ka rudd i hoʻonui nui ʻia. ʻIke pinepine ka iʻa ma nā wahi ākea, a pōʻino koke ka hūnā i nā māla lau o nā mea kanu aku - ʻo kēia ʻano ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Akā mālama pono ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka ʻoka lawaiʻa no ka rudd hiki ke hele wale ma nā māneka melemele kukui. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa ka ʻoki piha ʻana i nā lures o nā kala ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha: ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka nui o nā ʻoihana ka ʻōpala (i kona mau subspecies). ʻO ke kumu kahi meaʻono ʻawaʻawa. Akā no nā mea pīhoihoi haʻuki ua makemake nui ia - ma muli o ka ākea ākea a me ka paʻakikī o ka hopu. ʻAʻole mau ʻia ka rudd i mea e kuke ai i kahi pepeiao mai loko mai - kahi hopu pono ʻia ka mea nui no ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
I ke 3-5 makahiki o ke ola, ua hele ʻo rudd i ka wā ʻōpiopio. ʻO kona nui ma kēia manawa ua pili ia ma kahi o 11-12 cm ka lōʻihi, a mākaukau ka iʻa no ka spawning. ʻO ka manawa lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina hana he 2-3 mau mahina, mai ʻApelila a Mei paha (ʻo ka hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma nā mea noho) a hiki i ka hopena o Iune. E hoʻomaopopo no ka kūpono kēia manawa inā nānā ke ana i ke mahana kiʻekiʻe o 16-20 tikelika. I ka manawa o ka spawning, hiki i kēlā me ke kala o ka rudd ka mea iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hōʻike ma mua o ke koena o ka manawa.
Lulu ʻia ka caviar iʻa i nā mea kanu aku, a ʻaʻole hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka rudd i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā i ka ʻano me ka dosed. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia mau iʻa ma mua o ka manawa o ka hana hou, 2 mau lawelawe ʻana o ka caviar ʻaʻole i hemen, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 3ra i ka manawa spawning. Hoʻopili nā hua liʻiliʻi a me kahi anawaena o 1-1,5 mm. Ma ka awelika, hoʻoluhi ʻo ka rudd i 232 tausani huaʻai, akā paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou no ka poʻe aloha e pōmaikaʻi mai nā pēpē i hānau ʻole (ʻo ka hua maʻamau e hoʻopili i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu aku, a ua hoʻohāʻī ʻia ka ʻōpala i ka masterfully).
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka manawa incubation ma mua o 3 mau lā. I ka wā e hatching ana i ka palaoa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 5 mm lākou, a hiki i ka 30 mm, hoʻomaka kahi manawa kiko. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu i ka nui o ka mea e make ai ka mea i nui i ka wā o ka incubation, e lilo ana i ka "kakahiaka kakahiaka" o nā mea liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kahi mea ʻoluʻolu: ʻo ka lehulehu o ka nui o ka rudd e wehewehe ʻia ana e ka mea ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki iā lākou ke moe me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa no ka ʻohana cyprinid. No laila, hiki i nā hybrids o ka rudd me ka crossian carp, tench, bream, a me nā mea hou aku me ka roach hiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea hoihoi loa, kū'ē i nā kānāwai o nā genetics, nā hōʻiliʻili i hopena ʻia mai kēlā me ke keʻa e lilo i ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua a palekana i ka hua ulu maikaʻi. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona kahi mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka heluna nui o ka lehulehu.
Nā mea kūlohelohe maoli
Hōʻulu: ʻO ke ʻano he ʻano rudd
Ma muli o ka nui o kona nui o ka lehulehu, ua maʻamau pinepine ka rudd maʻamau i mea no ka poʻe wai kai e like me ka pike, a me nā iʻa a me nā iʻa - ua aʻo ʻia nā iʻa nui e lanakila i kāna mau "āpau". Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ka mea nui e kāohi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o ka lehulehu - no laila, hiki ke mālama pono i ka epa me ka nui o ka wai o ka wai, no ka mea, ʻo ka "roach red" ka nui i ka nui o nā nui.
Wahi a ia, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pilikia, e lilo ka iʻa maʻa. ʻAʻole ʻo Karasi i hōʻeuʻeu i ka moekolohe male wahine, pilikia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka caviar (ʻo ka mea i hūnā ʻia ka hope) akā, he maʻalahi ka ʻai ʻōpio. ʻO kekahi ʻenemi ʻē aʻe o ka rudd ka ʻanā - nā loko liʻiliʻi a me nā loko. E haʻi wale kā lākou e pane iā ia "pane", hoʻopau i nā hua.
Eia nō naʻe, ke noho nei ke kanaka no ka ʻenemi nui i mua i ka ʻoihana ʻaina ʻulaʻula - ʻaʻole hoʻi he lawaiʻa maʻamau me ka lāʻau lawaiʻa, a i ʻole he hapaha me ka ʻupena. Ke holo wikiwiki nei ka ulu ʻana o kēia iʻa me ka makemake a pau e hoʻopau iā lākou. Akā ʻo nā hoʻoiho ʻenehana mai nā ʻoihana ke kumu i hōʻino ʻole ʻia ai ka rudd. Akā ʻo ka ludd i hoʻohuli i ka pilikia o kēia pilikia - ma hope o nā hoʻoiho o nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, hele lākou i ka nui i luna, a hoʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka pōʻino mai ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kemika i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: iʻa ʻōpala
Ma kahi o ka rudd maʻamau ubiquitous, he nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia mau iʻa.
ʻO ka rudd Scardinius acarnanicus. Noho kūpaʻa wale ʻia kēia subspecies o ka rudd ma ke kūkulu hema o Greece, ʻo ia kahi ʻano hoʻohālike o ka endemic. ʻO ke kino o kēia iʻa e piʻi i ka 33 cm lōʻihi. ʻOiai ka ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka laulā, he ʻokoʻa ʻole ka hakakā o kēia ʻōpala mai ka maʻamau rudd - ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau huaʻōlelo ʻelua aia wale nō i ke ʻano kikoʻī o nā fins a me ka helu o nā lālā stamens.
ʻO Spardinius acarnanicus mau mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka lā mua o Malaki a hiki i Iulai. He mea pono ia e loaʻa i kēlā ʻano pōʻino i ke ʻano o ka rudd Scardinius acarnanicus, Scardinius racovitzai a me Scardinius graecus (e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana iā ia ma lalo). Ke hoʻomau nei nā populat āpau i nā subspecies āpau.
ʻO ka Helene rudd. ʻO ka inoa Latin no kēia subspecies ʻo Scardinius graecus. Ua kapa ia kekahi i ka Ilikskie rudd - haawi ia ka inoa i ka kahi kahiko (kahi i noho i ka wai o Iliki, aia ma waena o Greece). ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona hoʻonaninani loa ka lōʻihi - hiki i ka nui o ke kino o nā pākeke ke hiki i 40 cm. ʻO ko Ichthyologists e hoʻopili i ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o kēia subspecies me ke kāwili ʻana o ka hāʻawi kai.
ʻO ka rudd Scardinius racovitzai. Noho kēia ʻano o ka hakahaka i ka wai wela waiʻo Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), aia ma ke komohana o Romania. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui, ʻo kēia ʻano o ka nui o ka lākou ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino o ko lākou mau kino ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku i ka 8.5 cm.ʻāwili ʻia o ka noho ʻana o kēia mau keʻena he pili i ka haumia o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe.
He mea kupaianaha: hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻōlelo e ʻike ai i ka Far East - Sakhalin a i loko o nā wai wai o Iapana, kahi iʻa ʻē aʻe me kahi inoa like ʻole - ka rudd red Far East. ʻOiai ke kuhi hewa ʻole ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ai i kā mākou ʻōpio maʻamau, ʻoiai ke ʻano like. Wahi a nā ʻano ʻōiwi hou, nona ka Far Eastern rudd ma kahi ʻano iʻa like ʻole.
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻokiʻoki - he ʻoluʻolu ka iʻa, hoʻāliʻi, alakaʻi i ka noho lula (me nā mea ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he ola ʻole), aneane ʻaʻole waiho i kona ʻano wai. ʻO nā mea i koe wale nō ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ʻino a i ʻole ka wai o nā awa (loko, nā loko). Noho ʻo Redfinches i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, a maluhia ʻoiai - ʻoiai ke koho nei lākou. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pilo i kēlā me kēia - akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohanohano ʻia nā malihini. Noho ka rudd me ka hoʻokūkū haʻahaʻa intraspecific, ka nui o ka lehulehu no lākou ʻaʻole ke kumu e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o kekahi me kekahi.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
Rudd ka palahalaha ana i ko makou mau kino wai. Nui nā mea iʻike ʻia i nā kahawai o nā loina o ka Black, Azov, Caspian a me Aral Seas. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā Baltic States a me Siberia. Ma ka hikina o ka ʻāina, ma ke kahakai o ka Moana Pakipika, e noho ana ka Far Eastern rudd, ʻo Uʻe paha. Ma ka laulā, ke ola nei ka rudd ma nā kahawai he nui a me nā loko i Farani, ʻEnelani, ʻo ʻIkopaʻika o ʻEulopa, Sweden, ma Rūsia i ʻike ʻia kona palena ʻākau me ka pololei, akā aia nō ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Finland (i Biorneborg), ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i hiki i Lake Onega. E hoahewa ʻia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono ke manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kahe a pau e kahe ana i loko o ke kai Puhi a me ʻArikika, akā e koi mau nei ke hōʻoia, no ka mea, he maikaʻi loa ʻo ia, e like me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, i hui pū ʻia me roach, kekahi manawa a hoʻoikaika hau pū kekahi.
ʻOiai ke ʻōpala, e like me ka roach, haʻalele i ka kahe wikiwiki, kahi ʻokoʻa loa ka wahi o kēia iʻa. Mālama ʻia ka noho aliʻi i nā kahe wai a me nā lunakahiko, nā loko wai, ma nā loko liʻiliʻi a me nā wahi ākea. ʻAʻole like ia me nā kūmole, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi mamao aku kahi e ulu ai ka bulrushes, reeds, arrowhead leaf, lilia wai a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Eia no iā ia, ma kahi o ka meaʻai, aia mau ke aloha a me nā wahi i ka poʻe nā kāula. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi ʻano hoʻohālike. ʻO ke kokoke i ke kahakai, ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā ʻeke, ma nā "ikaika" clogged "e waiho ana i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e noho ai, a ʻo ia ka mea noho ma nā pā. ʻO ka pīhoihoi nui, ʻoiai lākou e kūpono no ka hānai ʻana i nā moena ʻoi i ke kahakai, e hoʻopau i ka nui o kā lākou manawa i ka hāmama, ke koho ʻana i nā puʻu wai hohonu mai ke kahakai nui ka nui me ka mauʻu.
ʻO ka hale nui o ka ʻōlule ka papa wai a me nā lunakahiko o nā muliwai, me nā loko wai a me nā loko wai e ulu ai nā kahe, nā ʻihi a me nā mea kanu manu ʻē aʻe. Eia ʻo ia ke hoʻokipa pinepine ai i ke kaiāulu me ke kiʻi crossian, nā laina a me ka bream a alakaʻi i kahi ola paʻa, ʻaʻole neʻe ka neʻe ʻana mai kahi wahi i koho ʻia. No laila, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma nā wahi āpau, akā ma nā wahi, a ma kahi he nui loa, kahi ākea loa ia. I kekahi hihia, ʻoi aku ka mea maʻamau o ka hema i ke komohana hema a me ka Lūkini hema ma mua o nā moku waena. No laila, no ka laʻana, i ka pae haʻahaʻa o Volga, ua nui loa ia i nā koʻi ilmeni a me nā nanea nīnū a me ke koina o ia; he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi i nā loko nui a me nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe ma Rusia komohana. Ma nā panalāʻau e kokoke ana iā Moscow, e mālama mau ʻia nā kahe wai ʻana, ʻoiai naʻe ka liʻiliʻi, akā i ka nui - i nā kahe wai a me nā lunakahiko.
ʻĀʻea makahiki, kahi nui, spawning
Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke hele aku a 36 cm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ka ʻike i ʻike ʻia he 2 kg, maʻamau ka nui o 16:16 cm a ʻo ke kaupaona he 100-300 g.
Kūleʻa ka lohi ma mua lohi. Loaʻa ka rudd i ka ulu liʻiliʻi, i nā ʻano iʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I ka makahiki mua, hele ia i ka lōʻihi o 3 cm a me ka huina o 1 g, i nā makahiki 3-4 he hiki i ka 10-12.5 cm a me ka lehulehu o 23-48 g, ma ke ʻano he 8 he 20 cm wale nō ka nui a me ka nui o ka 200 g. I ka huina, ua loaʻa nā mea ʻelima he 3 a 5 paha me ka nui o ka 23 a i ka 120 g, he nui ka nui. Mai nā loiloi o nā pīkē, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka nui loa o ke kauā ʻana o kēia iʻa ma nā mea Lūkia Russian ma kahi o 1 kg. Hiki i ke kanaka kalaka ke ola i nā makahiki he 12.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala i ka makahiki 4 o 5 o ke ola, me ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi he 12 cm. Ua kuʻi ʻia ʻo Caviar ma nā wahi i loko o kahi ākea he nui loa o ka -96-232 mano kau. Paʻa ʻia ka spawning ma ka hopena o Mei, i Iune, i ka manawa o ka mahana o ka wai ma o 18-20 ° С. I ka pīhoihoi, ʻaʻole i lele ka rudd i ka ʻōpū, ʻaʻole i puʻupuʻu, e like me ka nui o nā cyprinids e hana, a lūlū nā hua. ʻO ke kahe wale ʻana o ke kahe a me ka lāʻau uahi e hōʻike ana e hele nei ka hakakā ʻana i kēia mau wahi. Hoʻopili ʻo Caviar i nā kumu o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi neʻe nui ʻana i ka kiko: ke lawe ʻia nei e nā hui liʻiliʻi, i kekahi manawa me ka pehu, ʻeke, nā pala kālā, a me ka mea weluwelu i hui ʻia me ka pala a me ka moʻo kala, hana i nā pilū. Ma ka wā hoʻomaha, 2 mau lawelawe o ka caviar e ulu i loko, a i ke kolu - pololei i ka manawa kikoʻī. He liʻiliʻi ka caviar, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻālika hua he 1 mm, ke aniani ka ʻālana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole: ka caviar pālahalaha ka uliuli, ʻāpana ʻaoʻao, he ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ke kolu ke keʻokeʻo. He lōʻihi loa ka palupalu o nā wahine: i ka ʻōpala 12-13 cm ka lōʻihi, ua pololei loa ka fecundity ma kahi o 10,5 tausani hua, ma ka iʻa 16-1 cm cm, he 23 tausani, a me 22-23 cm lōʻihi, 125,000 a ʻoi paha mau hua. Nā pilina ulu pili mai 220 a 400 huaʻai i 1 g o ka lehulehu. ʻOiai ka nui o ka hua i kau ʻia, nui ka nui o ka rudd i loko o ka wai wai. ʻO kēia no ka make ʻana o ka nui o ka caviar i ka wā o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino: i ka wai pāpaku mai ka siltation a maloʻo paha, ʻāpana mau o ka caviar i ka wā hema, me ka wīwī pinepine o nā wahine i nā hua me ka ʻole o nā kāne. Hoʻokahi kahi mea nui o ka hanauna ma hope o ka hika ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala hoʻomohala ʻana. Ke hoʻomau nei nā hua hua i nā lā he 3-4, ua pau nā hana āpau o ka hoʻomohala huluhulu e ka waena o ke kauwela, a hoʻokumu ʻia ka palaoa e ʻAukake.
Ke noho maʻamau
Wahi a nā ʻike ʻike o ke ʻano, ʻo ia ka ʻano o kēia iʻa, i mea e ikaika ai, i ka iʻa a me ka nui mālama ʻia, a i kēia mau manaʻo āpau, he ʻoi loa ia i ka roach - kona hoa noho mau nei, ʻoiai he ʻano ʻē aʻe ko lākou wahi. He mele nui ia i ʻike ʻia ma ka helu nui loa o nā lau mauʻu, ʻo ka mea nui i nā kahe.E like me ka ʻāpana, ua loaʻa ʻia, no laila, i ka nui o nā helu ma ka punawai o luna a me nā wahi ākea a me nā wahi ākea e ulu ʻole ʻia, aneane ʻaʻole loa e kū hou ʻia, akā ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ka pale a me ka wai hou, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i pili i ka lalo e like me ka tench a me ka roach, a no laila e ʻauʻau ana. nā kauwela āpau (mai ka waena o Mei a hiki i ka waena o ʻAukake), b. hola i ka hapalua-wai, a i ka manawa maka - i kona mau papa luna, e pili ana i 15 cm mai ka alo, ma ka laulā, makemake nui ʻo ia e kāpī i ka lā. I ka wela a ua uau mau ia i luna a alakaʻi i kahi ala o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ka ʻoi loa o kahi pōkole a me nā pōkole: ʻike wale ʻia me ka lā a me ka lā a me ka lā (koe wale nō ke kiko), i ke ahiahi hele i loko o ka lalo lalo o ka ʻihi ʻana o ka wai a me nā clog i loko o ka mauʻu, ʻoi aku ka nui ʻāpana i ka mea i kapa ʻia. wai ʻahe a me nā ʻala a me ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻōpala nui loa e mālama ʻia i nā moena i ka lā a me ka ʻauʻau ma ka lā ma lalo, a waiho wale ma kā lākou hope.
ʻAʻole holo hewa ka ʻāhewa ma lalo o nā kahawai kahe - ka punahele punahele o ka ʻihi i ka wela a me ke anu, ʻaʻole hoʻi e hūnā (i ke ʻano wela) ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā aʻa ma ke kai, e like me ka roach, kahi mea e liʻiliʻi ai ka wā e kolo ana me ka ʻōpala, i pili i nā wahi ākea hou. a ʻaʻokeʻe a kokoke i lalo. Makemake ʻo Krasnoperka e ʻauʻau e kokoke ana i nā hale ʻauʻau, nā alahaka, nā pouʻō, akā inā ulu wale ka mauʻu i kahi kokoke. ʻAʻole ia i neʻe i ka neʻe mai ka palukū a ma kekahi mau mika a ʻaʻole hoʻi i makemake i ka nūwaliwali nāwaliwali, ʻoiai ka makemake me ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi kūla o ka loko o ka mili, ua kiʻi ʻia e ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ma ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe, ʻaʻole ka mea haʻahaʻa i ke kao ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano, a me ka mea e ʻike me ka mea e hoʻokuʻi ai ia a i ʻole kekahi, i kekahi manawa e pāʻani ana ma ka ʻaoʻao, e ʻōlelo paha ia he hana ʻia kēia hālima me ka iʻa ikaika mai ka roach.
ʻO ka meaʻai o ka rudd ka mea, e like me koʻu nānā ʻana, i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu, nā algae filamentous (Spirogyra, Cladophora - mulberry, "greens") nā ʻōpū, nā aniani, nā hua ʻai o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻōpū. Ke kauwela nui, makemake nui ka rudd i ka caviar ʻai i ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau lilia wai, pinepine i loko o nā lāʻau lili wai i lohe ʻia i nā wahi āpau - ʻo kēia keʻokeʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka snail mucous caviar e pili ana i nā lau. ʻO ke ʻano uō e like ka leo i ka lewa.
Nā ʻāpana o kahi rudd
No ka rudd no ka papa liʻiliʻi a me ka haʻahaʻa. Ke ulu lohi nei, ma ka makahiki mua ka nui o ka rudd i ka lōʻihi o 3-4 cm.ʻO Puberty e ola ma ka kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola. ʻO ka nui nui o ka rudd ka 16-18 cm me ka paona o 150-300 gr. Manaʻo ʻia kekahi iʻa inā he 23-30 cm ka lōʻihi o kona koʻikoʻi me ke kino o ke kino 700 70000 g. ʻO ka laulā nui o ka rudd he 2.1 kg me ka lōʻihi o 51 cm, akā he mea kūikawā kēia.
Kiʻewa ʻoe
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau mea kākau i ka hopu ʻana i ka rudd me ka papahele ʻole, ka mea e hoʻopili ana i ka māka a me ka sinker me kahi mormyshka maʻamau. Ua wehewehe lākou i kēia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka lawaiʻa i ka mormyshka ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma mua o ka lawaiʻa ʻana me kahi kookoo lawaiʻa.
ʻAʻole pono e hele i nā ʻōkuhi, nā puaa a i ʻole nā kīleʻa ma ka laina lawaiʻa - pono ʻole kēia a pau. ʻO ka laina lawaiʻa i ke koʻokoʻo e hoʻopili ʻia "paʻa loa." Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia, ʻo ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻalā holoʻokoʻa e hilinaʻi nui wale ʻana i ka diameter a me ke ʻano o ka laina lawaiʻa, akā ʻo ka peʻahi hoʻi e pili ai i ka pōkole. Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaha, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomoe ʻia me ka wai wela.
ʻO kēia wale nō ka māmā o kāu kāʻei, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā manuestini ma aneʻi.
Me kahi mea e pono ai no kāu koʻikoʻi lawaiʻa, e lawe mau ʻoe i kahi mau pūʻali lawaiʻa o nā ʻano lawaiʻa o nā diameters like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana ʻili a puni ke kuʻi. Pono ke kūpaʻa ʻana a me nā kuʻekuʻe ma kahi o nā pale ākea, a ʻo nā kokoleka e pono ʻole e like ka lōʻihi o ka huluhulu. Inā he māla, ua kanu ʻia kahi ʻūlū ma kahi paʻa me ka hāmama pōkole, a laila maʻalahi ka ʻōkaka i lalo me ia, aʻo ia ka mea ʻole i hoʻopaʻi ʻia. No nā maggots a me nā koko koko, ma kahi, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaula me kahi mua ma mua o ka hope.
Ke alakaʻi nei ka rudd i kahi nohona lā. I ke ahiahi, haʻalele ana ia i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka wai a me nā hua liʻiliʻi i loko o ka mauʻu. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hāʻule i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole lawaiʻa. I ka pūnāwai, hiki i ka lawaiʻa no ka rudd ke hoʻomaka ma hope o ka wai ʻana o ka wai.
I Mei - Iune, ʻo ia ka hūnū. I kēia manawa, ma nā wahi a pau o ka'āina e lawaiʻa nā lawaiʻa i kekahi iʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o Lūkia i ka wā o ka spawning ʻaʻole ia i ʻae ʻia e hoʻokau i nā moku ma luna o ka wai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻae ʻia ka lawaiʻa haʻuki mai ke kahakai e kekahi lāʻau lawaiʻa me hoʻokahi pā.
Aʻo Ichthyologists e manaʻo aia i ke kauwela i ka lā ka nui o ka rudd i ʻelua mau momona o kaʻai: i ke kakahiaka - mai 7 a 9 mau hola a i ke ahiahi - mai 17 a 19, i.e. ʻo ka manawa kūpono loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka nozzle a me ka mauʻu, ka mea a ka luna ʻānela e hōʻike ai i ke kihikihi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kūlana e pono ai ka kūleʻa. ʻO ka maʻamau, lawe lākou i ka semolina ma ke ʻano he nozzle, a me he ʻano lālau o nā kukuna lepo, maggot a me nā kahe koko. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka laulā āpau.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻāʻo lākou i nā mea āpau a kēia manawa i lawe pū ai me lākou, a hiki i ka maopopo ʻana i ka nozzle a i ʻole e hana i nā mea aloha ʻole i kēia lā. I ka pūnāwai, kīhai lākou i ke koko a me nā ʻōpala lepo ʻulaʻula. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻia lākou ma nā wai pilikia. I ka hoʻoilo, pololi ka iʻa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ko lākou.
Pono nō hoʻi e noʻonoʻo i ka rudd e makemake nui i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā maggot. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka mea ʻoi lākou e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka hookā ma mua o nā maggots nui a, kūlohelohe, ʻike hou aku iā lākou iho.
Ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela, hopu pono ka rudd i ka home house, kahi ʻūlū liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻili crayfish. ʻO ka kūleʻa i ka lawaiʻa o ka rudd nui ma luna o kahi ulana manu.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ka hopu ʻia e ka meli me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā kī ma ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka nui i loko o nā puʻu i waena o nā mea kanu, a i ʻole "windows". Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka paila ma kahi o 30-40 cm mai ka papahele. I kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ka kiola ʻana, inā ʻaʻole i hahai koke ka ʻuʻuku, ʻoi aku ia e huki iki aʻe i ka papahele i kou wahi no ka mea, ua kau ʻia ka laina lawaiʻa ma waena o ke kumu a me ke koʻokoʻo - e hana hou kēia i kou ʻano, Kūʻai pinepine, ʻāmi mai ka pōpoki i ka manawa pulu lau. I kekahi manawa hopu ke hudd i kahi maunu, i ka manawa i kū ai ma luna o ka wai.
I ke kauwela, i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā mea he nui a me nā hua ʻino lākou, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke hopu i ka maunu o ka pīhoihoi lohi. Pono ka lōʻihi o ka ʻohana i ka hohonu o ka lawaiʻa, e like me kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā e hoʻoili ai i ka maunu i lalo e pono ai ke hana i kahi kālai hou. ʻAʻole koi ʻia kahi mea ʻauamo me kēia ʻano lawaiʻa. ʻAno ka helehelena ka ʻaluhi i ka wā ākea me ka panini. ʻAno e kahe hele ka ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao, a laila hoʻi hou, kahe hou, a laila hele koke a hele ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ka wai. Pono e hoʻopaʻa pono i ka manawa o ka paʻa loa. Ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o ka papahele i loko o ka wai, pōkole ka hana i ka hoʻopā ʻana.
Inā, ma hope o ka hopu ʻana o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau rudd, a laila pau ka huki ʻana, a laila mai wikiwiki e hoʻololi i kēlā wahi. ʻO kekahi manawa i lawa kekahi mau mau minuke i ka iʻa a hoʻomaha a hoʻi mai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā iʻa ka iʻa. Hōʻalo ke ʻano kahalaha ʻo ke ʻano he "walaau" kahi a ke kamaʻa koke nei kona mau hoahānau a pau i nā ala like ʻole a ua hele a paʻa i loko o ka nui o ka lāʻau.
Scardinius acarnanicus
Noho ia ma ka hema o Greece. Holo i ka 33 cm ke lōʻihi. He ʻokoʻa iki i nā ʻokoʻa ma ka rudd maʻamau i ke ʻano o nā pua a me ka nui o nā stam gill. Hoʻopau nā spawning o kēia ʻano mai ka lā Malaki a ʻo Iulai. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoweliweli kēia rudd me ka pau loa.
Scardinius racovitzai
Noho nā wai i ka wai wela o Petzea (Baile Epiropesti), ma ke komohana o Romania. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka rudd ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe loa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 8.5 cm, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia nō hoʻi me ke ahi pau ma muli o ka haumia o kā lākou wahi noho.
Mālama ʻo Rudd
I ke kolu lā a hiki i ka lima o ke ola o ke ola, loaʻa i ka rudd i kāna wā ʻōpiopio. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa ma kēia manawa ua 12 cm ka lōʻihi, a mākaukau ia no ka spawning, e hoʻomaka ana mai ʻApelila a Mei paha (e like me ka noho ʻana) a hiki i ka hopena o Iune ma ke ʻano he loa ma 16-20 degere. Ma ka manawa o ka spawning, hiki ke hoʻomālamalama a i ke ʻano o ke kala. Mālama lākou i nā hua i nā mea kanu aku, ʻaʻole lākou hoʻokuʻu a pau i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā i nā dosis metered. Ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua ʻokiʻoki ka ʻōpala i ʻelua mau huaʻa o ka caviar, a hoʻokumu ʻia ke kolu o ka manawa i ka manawa o ka spawning. Mālama nā hua ʻōpala, a he loaʻa iā lākou ka pili o 1-1,5 mm. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā rudd a 232 tausani mau huaʻai, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia ia mau mea ʻaʻole maʻalahi, no ka mea ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu aku.
Makahiki ka wā incubation a ʻekolu lā. Ke kuhi nei, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 5 mm lākou, a hiki i ka 30 mm o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ka wā palaoa. ʻOiai ka nui o ka hua i kau ʻia ma kahi nui, he hapa nui paha ka make o ka palaoa i ka wā o ka wā hoʻolelima.
ʻO nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka rudd
- ʻO kekahi helu nui o ka rudd ma muli o ka paʻakikī loa i kēia iʻa, e makaʻala loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hele i loko o kahi ākea, ākea ʻo ia e hūnā i nā puʻu algae a i ʻole nā lāʻau.
- ʻAʻole ʻo ka rudd i lilo iʻa i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, no ka mea, he mea ʻono loa ka ʻono.
- Kūpono maikaʻi nā lawaiʻa loiloi e ʻike wale ʻia nā haki ʻōpala i nā pā melemele aniani; (Maopopo ʻoe i ka pane i ka nīnau: he aha ka rudd peck i).
- ʻO kēia iʻa i hoihoi i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ma muli o kona wahi ākea.
Ma kahi kikowaena Rudd
Loaʻa nā mea noho kahi o ka rudd i nā kahe wai a me nā loko wai ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, ke kaawale ʻana i nā wahi ʻākau. Loaʻa iā ia ma Caucasus a me Central Asia.
ʻO nā wahi nui o ka iʻa:
- Azovsky
- ʻEleʻele
- Caspian
- Nā Palapala Baltic a he keʻokeʻo.
Loaʻa ia ma nā kahawai o East Siberia. ʻO kahi wahi kūpono e noho ai ka rudd i nā awa, nāhe wai e kahe ana a me nā loko wai, nā lunakahiko o nā kahawai me nā wā ʻole. Maikaʻi ka iʻa me ka nele o ka oxygen; Ke koho nei i nā wahi kahi e ulu ai ka bulrushes, reeds, duckweed a me nā mea kanu i ulu a nui aʻe. Noho nā kapa kokoke i kahakai, a i ka pō e hele ai i loko o ka lua lalo.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nā rudd mai ka roach
He maʻalahi ia e ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka roach a me ka rudd e nā hiʻohiʻona:
- nui aku ke kino o ka roach ua uhi ʻia a uhi ʻia me kahi papakū o ka mālamā,
- ua kau ʻia ka pu dorsal ma ka pae like me ka ventral, a he 10-12 mau hihiu,
- nui nā pale nui, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kua, ʻo ka laulā laulā he kala me ka ʻole ka melemele,
- ulaula i pua, ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula,
- waha pololei, ʻaʻohe palena ʻula ma nā lehelehe.
- ma ka waha, 5-6 mau niho ma kēlā me kēia laina.
- maka ʻulaʻula
- ʻaʻole ō i kahi ʻōiwi olakino i loko o ka ʻōpū.
Aia ma lalo kahi kiʻi e hōʻike maopopo ana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka rudd a me ka roach.
Loaʻa ka rudd i ka meaʻai ma ka wai o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻo ka roach e makemake e hānai i lalo, e kuhi ana i nā algae hohonu a me nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai.
ʻO nā ala no ka hopu ʻana
ʻO ka rudd ka thermophilic, no laila ʻo ka rudd maikaʻi loa o ka rudd ka mea i loaʻa i ka pūnāwai, a i ʻole ma kona hopena, a hiki i ka wa waena o Kepakemapa. ʻO ka pīpī ka rudd ka maikaʻi mai ke kakahiaka a ka lā. E ʻimi nā iʻa i loko o nā mākaʻi o nā ʻohe a i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Pono ka maka o ka ʻāina, me ka weliweli ʻole o ka makani. Ke hoʻoʻalolo, e hele ka iʻa i ka hohonu. ʻO ka rudd kahi kipi maikaʻiʻole, hiki ke helu maʻalahi iā ia mai ka neʻe ʻana o ka puʻukū lāʻau a me nā kūlohelohe o ka wai.
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka lewa a mai hana i nā neʻe ākea i ka wai, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻokokoke loa. Me nā ala no ka hopu ʻana i rudd mai uka i kahi pilikia - nā māka. No ka liʻiliʻi i ka pilikia, pono ʻoe e koho i ka ʻoaka kūpono. ʻO kahi kūpono lawaiʻa mākaukau me kahi lāʻau lawaiʻa māmā o 4-5 mika kūpono. ʻO ka mamao o ka laina lawaiʻa he 0.25 mm. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i kahi papa liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia me ka ʻenemi māmā (cork a reed paha).
Pono ke koho ʻia e ikaika ikaika, akā he ipo, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke wāwahi i ka lehelehe palupalu palupalu, a na ia nō e uhaʻi. He lawa ʻē paha e hoʻohana i hoʻokahi pellet o ka liinahina liilii e like me ka palapala holo. Hōʻalo pinepine ka mauʻaʻai ma ke kihi o nā mea kanu kai, aia kahi pono e hoʻolei ʻia. ʻAi ʻia ka palaoa, kīwī palaoa, palaoa a palaoa ʻole palaoa, bran liʻiliʻi, etc. ʻO ka mea nui, aia ka hūnū ma luna o ka wai a me ka ʻala o ka umit.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka rudd i ka meaʻai, a no ka poʻe lawaiʻa umit ka hoʻohana i ka lepo a me ka ʻūhā, maggots, bloodworms, nā ʻano o nā honu a me nā pīpī, nā pepeke liʻiliʻi a me nā poʻe mauʻu. He koho like ʻole nā koho o ka loiloi huamala - ka ʻōpala o nā hua palaoa, ka ʻupena o ka palaoa, ka pī, ka millet, ke kime a me ke ʻano no ka ʻami, mamalyga Pono e hoʻolilo ʻia nā mea hoʻolale i mea maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokau ʻana.
ʻAi koke ka iʻa a ka iʻa, no laila e pono ke kiaʻi. Inā alakaʻi ka ʻai i ka māka i ka palukā, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale. Ke hoka i ka ʻeke e hana i kahi kani a hele ka pā i kahi maluhia. I ka wā hiki ke ʻike i kahi jamb, pono ʻoe e hoʻolei mau i ka mauʻu i loko o ka wai, e ʻae iā ʻoe e mālama i ka iʻa a pale i kona kiaʻi. Pēlā nō, no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kahakai, hoʻohana ʻia ka mea iʻa me ka lāʻau lawaiʻa o ka 2-2.5 m me nā mea hoʻoikaika.
Inā he lawaiʻa ʻoe mai ka moku, pono ʻoe e pale i nā wahi ākea ākea, a noho kokoke i ka wai me nā lilia wai, me ka duckwe, nā ʻano a me nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule i ka wai. He mea maikaʻi e hopu i ka rudd nui me ka mea hānai e hoʻohana ana i ka mea hānai puaʻa. Kiola lōʻihi, me ke ʻano o ka hopu ʻana i ke kua rudd, ʻaʻole i pono, no laila he kūpono ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā loa 3,5 mau mika. E waiho ma mua o 1 mika ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano ʻoi maunu o ka wai ʻana i ka wai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pahu kuhi me ka ukana ma ka lōʻihi o 50-60 cm mai ka hoʻokū.
Huli mai la nā ʻōiwi mai ka wai, haʻalulu nui a lele pinepine i ka pōkole. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono e wikiwiki a hoʻokele ke kīwī, inā ʻaʻole ke ola e alakaʻi ka iʻa i ke kula holoʻokoʻa i kahi palekana.