ʻAno kālā | ||||||||||
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Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | ||||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Lāpala: | Salemona |
Nānā: | ʻAno kālā |
Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
He ʻauhau ma nā wiki | Nā kiʻi ma Wikimedia Commons |
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ʻO ka Papa ʻĀina o Rusia ke kahe ana o ka heluna kanaka | |
E ʻike i ka ʻike ʻAno kālā ma ka pūnaewele IPEE RAS |
ʻAno kālā (lat. Salvelinus alpinus) - kahi ʻano iʻa ka iʻa ʻia mai ka ʻohana salmon i nā ʻano he nui: migratory, loko-wai a me ka loko.
Pae ka ʻāpana ʻāina-ka-ʻula holoʻokoʻa ka puni i ka pōʻai a me nā ʻāpana i ke kūkulu ʻākau a ma ke kūkulu hema o ia (i wahi kolepa). Ke hele nei i ka wai o nā kahawai ʻo Noremania, Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Murman, ma ke kahakai ʻo Siberia a hiki i Ob, Yenisei, Pyasin, nā muliwai o Canada, Alaska a me Greenland. ʻIke ʻia nā noho kūloko ma nā loko o ka moku ʻo Kola Peninsula, nā loko Alpine, ke kahawai Baikal a me nā kahawai ʻo Far East e kahe ana i ka Kaiā Nui ʻo Peter. Ma ke kīʻāina o ka Pākīpika, loaʻa ke aloha Arctic ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻĀsia a me ʻAmelika ma Korea a me Kaleponi. Ma ka Moana Pakipika, ua kapa ʻia ke kiʻi o Arctic ma mua o ka malma (akā naʻe, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei he mau iwi ʻokoʻa kekahi malma. Salvelinus malma ).
Ke kīpē ʻana - nui ka iʻa, a hiki i ka 88 cm lōʻihi a hiki i ka 15-16 kg o ke kaumaha, kālā, me kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻaoʻao me nā wahi nui. Ke pākahi hele ʻana - kahi mea kai e ʻai ana i nā iʻa iʻa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ke komo nei i nā kahe no ka spawning, aʻeleʻele ke char, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hope i hope, he brownish nā ʻaoʻao, me kahi ʻala a me nā wahi ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua pālahalaha hoʻi nā ʻano o nā loina Lacustrine. Kūpono lākou me ka hele ʻana ma nā loko, me ka ʻole o waho aʻe. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai loko-wai ma lalo o ke kahe (35-45 cm, ke kaumaha maʻamau 0.3–1.5 kg). I ka helehelena a me ke ʻano hana, hoʻomanaʻo nui lākou i ka trout. ʻO ka lehulehu ka poʻe ola o Arctic e noho ana ma Transbaikalia, me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka aloha Siberian East o ka Davatans Salvelinus alpinus erythrinusmea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Red Book o Lūkia i ka hemo ʻana i ka helu (ʻāpana 2).
Kahi ʻia hele ma ka makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki e kau ʻia no ka hakilo ʻana i nā puʻu haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai. E holo ana ka muliwai ma nā manawa ʻelua: i Iune a ʻAukake - Kepakemapa. ʻO kahi hana o ka wā o ka wā hoʻoilo he ʻano hoʻoilo ia a huli pinepine i ke kai i ke kauwela. Hōʻalo ka maʻamau o ka char i ka wā he kulu a me ka hoʻoilo, kekahi iʻa, paha i ka pūnāwai. I kekahi mau hale waihona kālā, ka lōʻihi o ka spawning o ka char. Hiki i ke kōpaʻa i ke ao a me ka pō. I loko o ka muliwai ʻo Kara a me nā kahawai o Novaya Zemlya, ua ʻike ʻia nā kahe puna wai a me ka hoʻoilo ma ka char. Noho ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i ke kahawai no 2-4 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole hele ka moku i ka moana a noho loa i ka wahi o Estuarine, ma ka ʻāina o ka muliwai kahi i hānau ai ia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona noho ʻana i ke kai, me he mea laʻana, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi mau mahina 2-3 mau mahina. I ka wa o kona noho ana i ka muliwai, ua hānai ia i nā mollusks, crustaceans, larvae pepeke, a me ka iʻa ulu. ʻAi nā pākeke i ka ipu pāpala, gerbil, capelin i loko o ke kai, a kūʻai aku a ʻāʻulī ʻia i loko o nā loko. Mālama ia, ʻike, a puni ka makahiki āpau.
Kahi e loaʻa kahi mele a me ka wehewehe
No ka ʻohana salmon ka ʻohana char. Nui nā ʻano like o kēia iʻa. ʻO ka kunja ka nui loa, hiki ke piʻi i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i hoʻokahi mika a kaupaona ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 kg., Lives ma Russia ma ka Far East. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻano ʻano e like me Arctic, lacustrine, Pasifika, kahawai, Boganidsky, mustachioed.
ʻO ka noho maʻamau o kēia iʻa, ʻo ka Pakipika, Atlantika a me Arctic Ocean. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā loko wai nui o ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, kekahi mau holoholona noho ma Iapana.
Hoʻākaʻawale ʻia kēia iʻa mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana salmon e nā mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke manaʻo "hilo" ka iʻa a ma ke ʻano ʻole o kahi pale ʻole.
ʻO kēia ke kumu e hāʻawi ai iā ia i kahi inoa - Golets. Ma nā kaulike (ma muli o ke ʻano like ʻole), hiki ke ʻike i nā kīʻaha o nā kala like ʻole, kahi i laha ʻole ʻia ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ka ʻohala o nā iʻa char
He momona loa ka ʻiʻo a loaʻa i kahi ʻano waiwai waiwai waiwai. Hiki i nā huaʻala ke hoʻokaʻawale - ka huaora A (36 mg.), Nā huaora B1 (0.14 mg.), B2 (0.12 mg.), B6 (0.3 mg.), B9 (15 mg.), B12 (15 mg.) 1 mg.), ʻ Vitaminlelo E (1 mg.), ʻĀpana PP (3 mg.) A me ka Huaʻama K (0.1 mg.) Per 100 g. huahana.
No nā ʻāpana wahi aʻu e makemake ai e ʻike - Phosphorus (270 mg.), Potato (317 mg.), Sodium (51 mg.), Magnesium (33 mg.), Kalima (26 mg.), Copper (72 mg.), Selenium (12 , 6 mg.). A he mea nui hoʻi no ka huina kino kino o ke kanaka - Omega 3.
Ke kalepa iʻa iʻa
Hiki i kēia iʻa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka mea ʻai he 135 kcal wale no ka 100 g.
BZHU ma ka 100 gr. - Nā prototeins (22 gr.), Nā momona (5.7 gr.) ʻO nā kāmoli (0 gr.)
Ehia naʻu e hiki ke ai i kēlā me kēia lā?
ʻOiai me kāna mau waiwai a pau, ʻaʻole ia e kuhi ʻia i ka ʻai o kēia iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā a i ʻole mau manawa i ka lā, no ka mea, ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe i kēlā me kēia lā ka makemake o ke kino no nā huaʻala a me nā minela o kēlā waiwai ke kumu.
Wahi a nā meaʻai ninaninau, e hōʻike ʻia e hoʻopili i ka ʻai o ka char i nā manawa pinepine ʻole ma mua o 1-2 mau manawa i ka hebedoma, a ʻo ka mahele ia e pili ana iā 100-150 gr. no kahi kanaka makua olakino.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! ʻEstedlelo ʻia ka hana i ke kino o ke kanaka no kahi lōʻihi aʻe ma mua o ʻekolu mau hola.
Nā ʻano ʻanuʻu, nā wehewehe
ʻAʻole kiko i kikoʻī ʻia nā nui o nā iʻa: e noho ana nā mea like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka nui o nā wai like, ʻokoʻa ka like me ka ʻula, ka nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona meaʻai. Akā ʻike maoli ko lākou kupuna kūpuna - ʻo ia ka Arctic char. Ma ka nohona, ʻekolu mau ʻano loiloi nui.
Nā pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi
1. Ua kōkua nā Omega-3 momona i ka mālama ʻana i ke kolamu o ke koko, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana o nā maʻi cardiovascular a ʻoi pū kekahi o ka hōʻeha ʻana a me ka puʻe ʻana, a me ka hakakā ʻana me nā ʻano like ʻole.
2. Hoʻokomo ka Phosphorus a me ka calcium i ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana i ka iwi ma nā pākeke, akā naʻe no ka ulu ʻana o ka iwi i nā keiki.
3. Pono ka paʻakai i ka hoʻoikaika a me ka hana maʻamau o nā ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike wai-paʻakai ma loko o ke kino.
4. ʻO nā huaora o ka hui B e hoʻonui i ka pono o ke kino, e pono no ka nūnaehana, a me ke kōkua e ʻoluʻolu i ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha.
5. Hāʻawi ka Selenium i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke ʻano maʻi, hoʻolōʻihi i ka kaʻina ʻelemakule, paipai i ka hōʻeuʻeu ʻana o ke kino, e hōʻemi ana i ka hopuna o nā maʻi ʻoi.
6. ʻO ka ʻai i ka iʻa o kēia iʻa kahi huahana maikaʻi no nā poʻe e makemake e hoʻoluhi i ka paona. ʻO ka momona momona a me ka nele o ka momona e hana ia i mea huahana maikaʻi no kekahi pāʻina awakea a ʻaina paha. Inā ʻaʻa ʻoe e hoʻolapalapa a hoʻolapalapa ʻia, a kūpono kēia ʻiʻo no ka ʻai olakino.
7. Pono ka Vitamin A no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ophthalmic, kōkua i ke ola hou aʻe ma hope o ke kaumaha ʻana.
8. ʻO ka ʻono loina kahi kumu kūlohelohe e kōkua pono ai i ka hiamoe a pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi somnological.
He aha ka lilo no nā wahine
Loaʻa ka pono o ka loach no nā wahine i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i loko o ka hopena o ka rejuvenation o ke kino.
Ua hele mai nā poʻe loea i kahi ʻokoʻa i ka ʻai maʻamau o ka ʻai ʻʻai, ma hope o ka manawa pōkole, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻulaʻula a me ke silika, hiolo ka huehue.
Kōkua nā Antioxidants e hakakā i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka lewa ma luna o ka ʻili, hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana kaʻai ma ke kino, a me ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana o nā cell, ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena anti-kahiko.
Char i ka wā hāpai
Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa no ka wahine hāpai a lactating. Hāʻawi ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka magnesium i ka halihali palekana i ke keiki a me ka hoʻoponopono kūpono ʻana i nā kino o loko o ka pūpū.
I loko o ka wā o ka umauma, pono e hoʻopili i kēia iʻa i ka ʻai o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai ʻo ke pēpē me ka waiū wai e loaʻa pinepine i ka paʻakikī o nā huaʻai a me nā minela.
Hiki paha i nā char i nā keiki?
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, e lilo ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa no ka hoʻoikaika a me ka ulu ʻana o nā iwi i ke keiki, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻopulapula kūpono o nā meaʻala liʻiliʻi.
Pono ka pono o ke keiki i ka magnesium e hana i ka ʻōnaehana nūnū, me ka selenium e hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i ka pale a pale i ke kino make o ke keiki mai nā maʻi.
Ke hoʻolauna nei i kahi huahana hou i ka meaʻai o nā pēpē hiki, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka makahiki ʻekolu a ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, i ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena alakaʻi a kiaʻi pono i ka pane o ke pēpē i kēia iʻa.
He aha ka mea e pono ai no ka pākeke
1. I ka wā kahiko, aia kekahi pilikia e pili ana i ka puʻuwai ʻana a me nā puʻupuʻu. A ʻo kēia huahana, e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia ma luna, hiki ke hana e like me ka prophylactic e kū'ē i nā maʻi cardiovascular.
2. I ka poʻe kahiko, hoʻonui ʻia nā iwi, e alakaʻi ai i nā pilikia pinepine, a no laila, hiki i ka ʻai char ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia maʻi.
3. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka wā ʻōpiopio a hoʻolōʻihi i ke kaʻina hana o ke kino holoʻokoʻa he mea nui hoʻi ia no ka poʻe elemakule.
Pehea e koho ai
I ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi leʻa maloʻo, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike:
- ʻO ke kaulike, he kala me nā pōpoki ma nā ʻaoʻao. Pono ke ʻoluʻolu a me ke kūpaʻa, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā puʻukū e hōʻike i ka defrosting o ka huahana. Pono ke kū pono o nā pū i ke kupapaʻu, nā kākena me ka hue pink.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka iʻa (chilled) ka ʻoluʻolu, e ʻoluʻolu.
- Ke kaomi ʻana o ke kalewa, ʻaʻohe uku o ka uku. ʻO nā huahana hou kahi momona maka nā maka makamae a me nā kaila ʻulaʻula, kahi momona ʻono.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻai i nā kalapu a hiki i ke 40 cm ka lōʻihi. Kēia iʻa ka wai ʻōpio e loaʻa i ka mercury a me nā mea hao koʻikoʻi ma muli o kāna pōkole ola.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka char
He mea maʻalahi ia e hoʻomākaukau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia mai nā unahi; i holoi ʻia maikaʻi ʻia ma lalo o ka wai anuanu.
He kūpono loa i ka pālua, ʻūlū a hoʻohuihui i kēia iʻa, no laila e mālama ʻoe i nā waiwai pono loa me ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā ʻiʻo.
He mea paʻakikī loa ia e kālua i ka umu (a ʻole i ka ʻaukala) i kahi hāwele me nā mea lau ai ʻole ka lemon. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke i kahi pepeiao maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole e hana i ka hoʻopiha ʻai maikaʻi loa no nā pie a maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻAʻole ia e'ōlelo ʻia i ke kō i ka char, no ka mea e hoʻonui ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā mea caloric, a hoʻemi ʻia nā mea waiwai a me nā mea ʻono.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻihue i ke char, akā inā ʻike wale nō ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka huahana, ʻaʻole ia e pili ʻia me nā maʻi lāʻau. No ka mea ʻaʻole make nā microorganism a pau i ka paʻakai, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ia ʻano mea ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
E kala ai iʻa: nā pōʻino a me nā contraindications
ʻOiai ka nui o nā kumu kūpono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻole ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia iʻa i ka wā:
- Intolerance o ka pilikino a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe (ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻū ma luna o ke kino). Inā maopopo ʻole ʻoe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana a ka tūt, a laila e hōʻole ʻole e hoʻohana i ia huahana a no laila ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa ka ʻai ʻona. Aia ka ʻohana salmon i ka lua o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻai me nā huaʻai (tapeworms a me nā ʻōpū). Hoʻopili wale kēia i nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i loko o nā wai hihiu. ʻO ka ʻai i ʻai ʻia me nā hua liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā hua liʻiliʻi me ka hua palaoa, e komo ai i loko o ke kino kanaka, ulu i loko o kahi kanaka makua.
Hoʻomaopopo! Hōʻole loa ia e hoʻohana i ia huahana i kāna ʻano ʻano puka! Hōʻī nā lolo i ka wā wela ma waena o nā minuke 15-20 ma hope o ka hoʻolō ʻana.
Video: "Ola ola" a me Elena Malysheva. Char char - nā pōmaikaʻi, pehea e koho ai, pehea e mālama ai, pehea e kuke ai
Wehewehe ʻepekema o nā ʻieslelo
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻepekemaʻikepili i kahi ʻoi aku ʻo 35 mau ʻano ʻano o kēia mau ʻelele. Kūʻokoʻa lākou i nā nene physiological a me waho.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā iʻa char:
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ke ʻano o ke ola loach
He ākea ka nohona a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā subspecies kikoʻī. ʻO kona mau ʻano liʻiliʻi e kau ana ma luna o 1.5 kg ke noho ma nā waikaʻo nui a me nā kahawai mauna paha. ʻO nā mākaʻi nui o ka hua kau e piʻi ana a hiki i 5 kg ke noho ma ka ʻākoakoa o ka Pākīpika mai nā kahakai o ʻAmelika a i ke kūkulu ʻĀkau o Eurasia a me ka ʻAla Hika. Akā i kahi mamao loa i nā wahi kūlima (waha o ka muliwai) ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ka mea. Ua loaʻa nā loʻi i loko o ka wai i loko o ke kai hou;
I Lūkia, ua loaʻa i nā wahi o Kola Peninsula, ʻo Trans-Ural rohe, i ke kahe o ka Lake Baikal. He nui nā subspecies ke kumu kūʻai. Aia wale nō ma nā wahi ʻo Magadan a me Kamchatka i laila nā hiʻohiʻona 10 like ʻole, ʻano like ʻole i ka nui a me ke kala.
ʻO ke kino o kēia ʻano iʻa ua elongated, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, me nā wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā pua nui, e like hoʻi me kahi cylinder ma keʻano. Pahu ka leo nui, e palele ʻia ma luna, me nā lehelehe ʻokoʻa. Ma ka spawning, hoʻololi ke kino i waihoʻoluʻu a ʻeleʻele.
Hoʻomaopopo!
- nāona ʻona. I ka awelika, ʻoi aku ma luna o 200 iʻa helu i ke kino o ka iʻa. ʻO nā lula mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻona,
- ke kino ke kino oiia i ke ano o ka he torpedo,
- ke poʻo nui
- he pāwili ka palaʻai me nā lau momona. He kūoau a ikaika,
- ʻōwili ʻia nā ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele i ke kino a pau.
- i ka nui a ke poʻo a ka hiʻu a hiki i ka 65 cm. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
- kaupaona ke kaumaha o ka pākeke mai 1 a 3 kg,
- nui loa nā kamaʻāina. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi ka paona a hiki i 15 kg. Lahi mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻona mai 70 a 100 cm.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka iʻa char? ʻO nā mahele liʻiliʻi o kēia ʻano ʻano maʻamau i nā kuahiwi. Noho lākou i nā kahawai me nā loko. I ka wā hoʻomaha, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kona huakaʻi ma nā muʻāina.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻAuhea nā iʻa nui? ʻO nā mea kēia o nā ʻohana salmon ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā kuahiwi o nā Ural Range a me Kauka Kauka. Makemake lākou i ka wai anuanu a me nā loko hohonu.
Hana ʻia ka poʻe kūlike o kēia mau ʻano he nui i loko o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana kahawai o ka wai. E alakaʻi ana ka iʻa i kahi nohona kūmole.
I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻano ikaika a me migratory. I ka wā he kulu mua, e lawe ana i ka nui o nā hua, a ma hope e lilo ai i mau pua o ka pā.
Ma hope o 2 mau pule, ua hānau ʻia nā poʻe hou. ʻO nā mahina 6 mua e hūnā lākou i kahi papa pōhaku mai nā ʻano manawa like ʻole.
Nāʻaʻai ʻai
He aha kā ka papa hana? Ke alakaʻi nei kēia ʻano salmon i ka neʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hele lākou i nā kai a me nā moana. Ke hele nei ʻo Plankton, ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka meaʻai o kēia mau kānaka. Hoʻomoe kēia ʻano hānai i ke kino me ka ikaika, hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano hana.
Kōlei ka mea ʻōpiopio i ka ʻai a me nā mollusks. Hoʻopau kēia papa kuhikuhi i nā pale palekana a hoʻonui aku i ke ola o Armonic salmon ʻO 3 ka makahiki 12 ka nui o ka ola holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa nā pākeke i nā kau a hiki i 50 kg.
ʻO ka iʻa mai nā makahiki 5 mau makahiki e makemake i alakaʻi i kahi ala kūʻokoʻa. Noho lākou i loko o nā loko hohonu a makemake i ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano passive. Maʻamau pinepine lākou i nā kahe migratory liʻiliʻi. I ka hopena o ka hopena o mua, ua hele nā kula iʻa i ka ʻōpū o ke kai e loaʻa ai ka paona a me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo.
Ua makemake kekahi poʻe e noho i nā pā hale no nā makahiki 3. Ma hope o kēlā, hele lākou i ka mākaʻikaʻi i nā waha wai puʻu. Ma hope o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka hua, hele lākou i ka hohonu o ke kai.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hoʻomaʻi a me ka ʻimi a ka char. Loaʻa nā pono i:
- pauʻa polyacids,
- kahi nui o nā huaora
- momona momona a me nā momona momona.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO kēia manawa, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka char i kekahi mau ʻāina. E pili ana kēia:
- Pahu Moana Pilikua
- Arika Arika
- kapakai o Greenland, Alaska,
- ho? i i n?
- e pili ana. Sakhalin, Kamchatka,
- Lake Baikal,
- Ke Kai o Okhotk, Kara a me Iapana.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kānakaʻepekema ʻoiai ma hope nei, ua neʻe ka iʻa i ka latitude ʻākau. ʻIke ʻia lākou i nā wai o ke Kai Kūʻai. I ke kiʻi o nā iʻa char, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kamaʻāina moana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
He nui nā lawaiʻa e kahaha ana: "ʻAuhea e noho ai ka iʻa char?? ”, A loaʻa pinepine ka pane hoihoi ʻole. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ākea ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻohana. Loaʻa kekahi mau holoholona i ko lākou malu i loko o ka loko, hiki i kekahi ke lele i ka wai kai, kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Noho nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa ma nā kahawai mauna a me nā kahe nui.
Aia nā poʻe aloha o ke kai. Hoʻohālikelike ke kauā i ka wai anuanu, no ka mea, ʻo ke ʻano o nā kūpuna nā ʻano ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻano i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano hana ʻo Arctic, i hiki ke ola ma ka wā o ka wai i ka lalo o nā loko Arctic.
Nui nā wahi kaulana ma Rusia, kahi e noho ai ka iʻa lau:
- Siberia komohana,
- Kola Kūleʻa,
- ke bask o Lake Baikal,
- Pakipika
- Wāhi Trans-Ural.
ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi ka iʻa ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ka maʻa mau ʻāpana ʻākau, akā no ka mea maʻamau ka ʻāpono ʻia ʻana o kona wahi noho i nā subspecies.
Aia ke kumukūʻai o ka iʻa char ma nā subspecies, hiki ke loli ma ke kaumaha, ka lōʻihi a me nā waiwai pono o kekahi kanaka. No laila, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa:
- ʻAno kālā: Loaʻa nā ʻano iʻa kahiko loa i ka wai o ka Paʻi Arctic. Ma ke kānāwai, he iʻa nui a koʻikoʻi loa ia, ke kaupaʻa nei a hiki i 16 kg.
- Lake char: noho i loko o Central Europe, ma loko, mai kahi i neʻe ʻole ai a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. Eia nā ʻano iʻa o kēia iʻa i hiki ai ke noho i ka loko like a ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka nui a me ka pono.
- ʻAi moku: ola i nā kahawai mauna nui i ʻEulopa, ka Caucasus a me Amerika. ʻIʻaʻa pinepine ʻo ia me ka trout, ʻo ia ka mea e lulu ʻo ia i waho o nā kahawai. ʻO kēia nā kānaka kiʻekiʻe ʻole i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa i ka mākeke.
- Kālā ʻona: noho nui ma nā kahawai. ʻIke ʻia ma muli o ke kaʻi ʻana o ka hana a me ka trout, akā he nui nā ʻepekema e hoʻohālikelike i kēia ʻanoʻano me ka char.
- Kaona Pākīpika: kaulana i ka Pākīpika, nui a pinepine i like ar charic char, koe wale nō kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka kala. ʻO kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe no kēia ʻano Ke aloha ika iʻa Kamchatka.
- Hoʻohui Charhorn: i loaʻa ma nā kahawai o ka Far East, a i ka loko hoʻokahi ma ka ʻaha o Chukotka.
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika: ka hapa nui o kona ʻohana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā wai o Lūkia, akā ke noho nei i ka nui o nā loko a me nā muliwai nui o Alaska a me Kanada.
ʻOiai ka manaʻo o kēia ʻano salmon e hiki ke ola i loko o ke kai, a ʻo ke kai paha, kāhea ʻāhai keʻa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe. ʻAʻole hele ka mea hele i ke kai i ka moana, akā aia nō ia ma nā wahi o ka nuku o ka muliwai mai kahi e hele ai i ka wai paʻakai.
He ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka ʻōlelo aʻe he paʻakikī nā iʻa ʻehā ma ke ʻano. He mea ka lilo i kekahi, a hoʻolilo i ka hapa o kona ola ola i ka wai paʻakai o nā kai a me nā wai, a me nā ʻāpana - i nā kahawai a me nā loko. Hele lākou no ka spawning.
ʻOi aku ka wai o ka wai wai, a noho mau ʻia i nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā loko wai. Aia pū kekahi a me ke kahe aku kaola aku. ʻAʻole wikiwiki lākou i ka meaʻai a me ke kaiapuni, hiki iā lākou ke aloha a me ke aloha nō hoʻi. Hoʻoikaika lākou i ka hoʻoilo. E makemake ka loach e noho wale, a ke ʻano nui loa i ka hālāwai ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi pā.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Char spawning i kū i ka wa puna, lele lākou mai ka lā ʻApelila a Mei, i kekahi manawa Iune. No laila, chare kahe mahalo nui ʻia nā ʻano nui i loko o ka lawaiʻa kūʻai kūʻai a me ke kumukūʻai kālā maikaʻi ma ka mākeke o ka iʻa. ʻO nā ʻano iʻa ʻai wai wai no ka spawning e koho i nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa o ke kō, a i kekahi manawa nā kahawai, ka waiu, e hoʻolako i nā emryos me ka wai kahe a me ka lewa.
Ke puka mai nei i nā ʻano iʻa i ka wā i kaʻi ʻana mai i ke kai a waiho pū ʻia ka hua i ka wai, i kekahi manawa ma ke one, a i kekahi manawa ma nā mea kanu kai. Hāpai ka char i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, a i ka piha holoʻokoʻa o ka iʻa ma kahi o 7 mau makahiki. ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha o ka wā moena o kēia iʻa ua hoʻomaka nā kāne a me nā wahine i hoʻololi i ka kala e hoʻonani ai i kahi hoa. ʻIke ʻia nā kūmole a me nā ʻōpala i kā lākou paona laumaʻa.
ʻO nā waiwai Culinary
Nui ka poʻe i ka makemake e kūʻai aku i ka char, no ka mea he ʻano kū hoʻokahi, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me kahi hoʻonohonoho nui o nā mea kākau pono.
He kūpono no nā meaʻai meaʻai inā iʻaʻa ʻia a hoʻolapalapa paha. Mai ka char, loaʻa nā kīʻaha maikaʻi he nui, no ka laʻana, steaks, pepeiao, stew. Ua kuke koke ia, akā huli ia i ʻūlū a palupalu. Maikaʻi nui a aloha ʻia i Rusia paʻakai aloha.
Malalo a hele-holoholo paha
ʻO kēia ka mea ʻelima nui loa o nā lovel, he hiki ke kaupaona a hiki i ka paona (16 kg) a ka lōʻihi i ke kanaiwa kenimita. ^ E Ha yM. He kala ko kona ʻili, he māmā nā ʻaoʻao ona, a ua pōʻele kona kua me ke kua ʻula. I Lūkia, aia i nā wahi āpau o ka ʻĀpana:
- ma na kahawai o na mokupuni o ka moana Arctic - Novaya Zemlya a me Svalbard,
- ma na loko o ke Kaikuawai Kola a i ke Basana Baikal,
- ma ke kahakai holo o Siberia a me kona mau wai nui - ka Ob a me ka Yenisei,
- ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ka Hikina o ka Pakipika, nā kahawai a me nā loko o ka puke ʻo Kamchatka Peninsula.
Ke hoʻololi nei mai ka wai paʻakai i ka wai wai o nā muliwai, ua loli kekahi mau loli ma ke kino o ka iʻa: ua loli kona ʻano ʻili kino - ke ʻalike i ka kua i ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻāpana nui nā wahi ulaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao kala, a ʻulaʻula ʻia ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i ka spawn ke hele a hala i ʻelima mau makahiki, a laila hoʻomaka ka mea predator i kahi kikoʻī. ʻO ka wā lōkihi he mau ia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo. Noho nā ʻōpio ma nā kahe a me nā loko a hiki i ka makahiki he ʻelua mau makahiki, a laila e kahaki i ka wai kai loko, ma nā wahi o nā kahawai wai.
E like me kekahi mea iʻa aku ai, ʻai ka iʻa ʻulaʻula i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea a pau e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai: nā larvae a me nā ʻōpala, nā poʻe crustaceans a me nā mollusks i haʻalele ʻole i ka caviar salmon, ka mea e hōʻeha nui i ka nui o ka iʻa. Aia i nā loko, ua loko a me nā mea kūʻai aku i loko o ka meaʻai, a ʻaʻole ka mea predator e hele aku i ka capelin a i ʻole ka honu wai i loko o ke kai.
Kiʻikuhi: Far Eastern char (25 kiʻi)
Paʻa wai
Lake Loach ʻaʻole e like me kona mau hoa ʻohana o ka loilo i ke kai, ke alakaʻi nei ka lacustrine i kahi ʻano maʻamau a ʻaʻole ia e hele i nā wahi āpau. Noho ke ola, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ma kahi hohonu o 40 mau mika a ʻaʻole makemake i ka mālamalama, ua huki hou i nā ana a me nā ʻūlū ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau i hoʻopiha ʻia. E makemake ana ka iʻa i ka wai anuanu i hoʻonui ʻia me ka oxygen a ua maʻamau i nā kahe ʻāmi a me ka hohonu.
ʻAʻole i like ka nui o ka loko o ka wai uʻi no ka mea i kū ʻia i ka moana, akā i ka makahiki ʻeono, hiki iā ia ke ulu i loko o ʻO 40 mau kenimika lōʻihi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe he mau hoa kalaiwaahi, kahi neʻe iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 20 centimeter lōʻihi.
I ka hiʻohiʻona, ke nānā aku nei me he trout loko a me kahi hoahānau muliwai. He ʻīpoki āna nona kahi kaiāulu a me ka waihoʻoluʻu i ke kala o kona ʻili.
- uliuli oliva hoʻi
- he hina hina nā ʻaoʻao me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula māmā,
- Aia nā lehelehe a me nā palena keʻokeʻo.
I ʻEulopa, ʻo ka hana o ka Geneva Pond, he ʻano kūikawā, noho hou ʻia me nā loko iʻa, kahi i hala ʻole ai ma mua.
Kaʻai wai he mea like me nā ʻāpana trout - e like me ka trout, kona mau ʻōpala i loaʻa nā palena ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo a he kumu māmā hoʻi i ke kua.
ʻO ke kahawai kahawai i noho ai ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika ma Kamchatka, akā i kēia lā hiki ke hopu ʻia i loko o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi o ʻEulopa, kahi i pīhoihoi ʻia ka nui o nā lehulehu. I ka manawa like, ma muli o kona huhū, hoʻokuʻu a char i ke trout i loko o kona mau wahi.
Manaʻo ka mea kahawai wai e noho hoʻokahi wale ma ka ʻāina hoʻokahi o kahi kaʻi wai maʻemaʻe me ke one a me ka pebble lalo a me kahi o ka wikiwiki. I ke ao i ka hana ʻole ʻia, kanu ʻia i ke one silika a i ʻole palā, e hū ana ma waena o nā algae, kū a ma waena o nā pōhaku. I ka pō, hele ʻo ia i ka hopu a loaʻa i kāna ʻai ponoʻī, e neʻe ikaika ana ma luna o nā hāhi o nā pōhaku a i hoʻouhi ʻia nā wai.
I ke kauwela, i ka wā e mahana ai ka wai, hopohopo nui ke kaʻe a holo koke i ka ʻōpū, kahi ia e lilo ai i waiwai nui o ka poʻe predator.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa pākahi i nā kūleʻe o nā caddis, nā pīpī a me nā pōpoki. Pau nā hua ʻia ʻaʻole iʻa wale e nā iʻa ʻē, akā o kā lākou nō hoʻi. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻopau i ka algae. Hiki i ka pua ke hele i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, ka manamana mau pua i ka pūnāwai (ʻApelila, Mei) - spawns on algae, sand or gravel. Hoʻokahi wahine wahine i kahi 6,000 hua. Ke puka ka ʻōpala mai nā huaʻai, ua lawe ʻia lākou e ke ala i ka wai pāpaku, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ko lākou ola ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā microorganism e noho ana i ke one. No kekahi manawa lā lākou e mālama ai i kahi ʻohana, a ulu ulu - lilo lākou i ka kaawale.
Hoʻopau i ka loach
E like me nā iʻa iʻa ʻai ʻia, char ma ka ʻōulihopu ʻo ia i ka lure me ke ake ʻole. A ʻoluʻolu hoʻi ʻo ia hopu a ʻauʻau kaʻa lawaiʻa - hiki ke ʻano ʻaʻano he mea: nā ʻiʻo iʻa a iʻa paha, nā ʻuʻiha a me nā caviar o ka char a i ʻole ma ka salmon. Ka huki ʻana - mai ka puna a hiki i ka hopena o liki i ka wai wehe, i ka hoʻoilo, ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Ma ka wā o ke ao - aia ia i ka lā a me ke ahiahi, i ka wā o ka lā. I ka hoʻoilo, pono e ʻimi ʻia i loko o nā lua, i nā wahi hohonu kahi e ʻimi ai ʻo ia i nā ʻōpū.
Koho ʻia nā ʻai no ka hopu ʻana i ke aloha ma ke ʻano like no ka lawaiʻa maʻamau - e haka pono ana i ka moku o ka loko a me ke kaumaha o ka iʻa. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka wahi o kēia mea nāna i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka wikiwiki a me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka hohonu, inā e kū ana ka wai. A ʻo ke ʻano lawaiʻa, ʻaʻohe mea e koho ai ma ʻaneʻi: ua like a mau ka hiʻona a mau pū kekahi - nā lua kauwela me kahi kīwī ʻana a i ʻole a i ʻole ka moho lawaiʻa, a me ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa me kahi koʻikoʻi lawaiʻa.
Nā Huaʻōlelo Char
ʻO Loach - kahi iʻa i ʻole o nā unahi, i mea waiwai nui, no ka mea, ua helu nui ʻia ia e nā loea kulina. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa i mea pono nui i ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia kēia:
- nā minuke - kalima a me ka kaleka, ke keleawe a me ka hao, ka sodium a me ka magnesium,
- nā huaora o nā hui like ʻole,
- ka pale ʻana i ka thrombosis a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka momona momona (me ka omega-3).
Hāʻawi ke kaulahao i nā kaulahao kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo 900 ka mea, he mea maikaʻi no ka kuke ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi no nā kānaka ʻelua, i ka liʻiliʻi no ka ʻohana nui. Hiki i kēlā iʻa ka lawaiʻa me kahi mea pono i nā lumi kuke. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻelua o nā ʻano ʻaila he nui.
ʻAlia kāʻai - kāpī i ka umu. Hoʻomau kēia me kahi pāʻina maikaʻi, a me ka mākaukau malie (mai ka manawa o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, he pono ia). Nā Māhele:
- ʻeiwa haneri grala o ka iʻa
- hoʻokahi ʻāpana a me ka hapalua o ka lemon,
- ka paʻakai a me nā mea ʻala e koho ai.
E hōʻoki i ka iʻa, e hoʻoneʻe i nā fins a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka paʻakai, hoʻohui koke nā mea ʻala. ʻOkiʻoki i ka lemi a me ka kaalīhia i loko o nā ʻāpana nui - waiho i ka ʻāpana ʻekolu o ka nui i loko o ka iʻa. Mākia i ka foil a kau i ka iʻa ma luna, me ka waiho ʻia ma mua a uhi ʻia me ka ʻalī a me nā ʻāpana lemon ma luna, ʻili.
E hoʻomo i ka hapalua hola i kahi mahana o 200 kiʻekiʻe. E kūleʻa i nā iʻa ʻono a maikaʻi. He mea maikaʻi e kuke i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.
Kewa ʻāpono - Ke kīleʻomaʻa maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka kuke ʻana, maikaʻi loa ka momona. Nui ka lawa i ka iʻa a holoi i ka holoi. A laila e hoʻomoʻi i ka paʻakai, hoʻohui i nā mea ʻala a me ka waiʻai, waiho no kahi hapakolu o ka hola a kau ka iʻa i nā mea āpau. Fry i loko o kāila aila, pre-roll i loko o ka palaoa. Hiki i nā mea ʻai ʻē ke lilo i ka ʻaoʻao. Ma ka papa ʻaina, kākā ʻia nā pōpō palaoa i kālai ʻia me nā manamana lemon a me nā mea kanu.
Nā kīʻaha char ʻē aʻe - ʻO kēia mau mea i paʻi ʻia me ka char pink ʻoniʻoni. Akā ʻo nā leʻaleʻa kūikawā he hiʻona ka umu a me ka paʻakai, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kaʻino ma mua o ka salmon a ulaula.
Kamchatka char
ʻO nā iʻa paʻahana nui e kau ana i ka 10-11 kg. Noho ia e kū i ke kahakai o ke kai o Okhotk a me ke Kai Bering. Hoʻokaʻawale ia mai nā ʻano Arctic i nā mea stili gill liʻiliʻi. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻaoʻao, aia nā ʻōpū o ka pulu kala wale nō. Ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa e like me nā subspecies o ke kau, nā wahi māmā.
Hoʻokele ʻo Kamchatka char i nā kau ʻōpiopio. I ka wā e hānai ai, hele ʻo ia ma ke kahakai e ʻimi ana i nā mea pili o ka puaʻa, ʻaihā, a me nā mea ʻolo. E hōʻike ana i nā ʻano milratory a me nā mane hele mai Iune a Kepakemapa i nā muliwai a me nā loko. A hiki i kēia manawa, mālama ʻia ia ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai wai a i ʻole kahakai.
ʻO Boganid loach
Ua kapa ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema Siberian ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka iʻa i loaʻa me ka nui o ka nui o nā waila omega-3. Noho ka Boganid loach ma Arctic, Khatanga basin, loko o Lama, Keta, Glubokoe, Kapchuk, Sobachye. Ke puka nei nā wai i ka wā o ke kahe ʻana o ʻAkake-Kepakemapa Akā, he haʻahaʻa ka helu o kēia subspecies, a hiki ke hui pinepine ʻia.
Nui ke kino o ka Boganid loach. ʻO ka māhaka o luna ke ākea a like me ka pahikaua. ʻO ka lau Caudal me kahi notch nui. Ua keʻokeʻo ke ʻōpū, a heʻeleʻele ke kino, hina. I ka wā o ka spawning, ʻeleʻele nā ʻaoʻao a me ke poʻo i ka hina-brown. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka loli o ka ʻāʻī - ʻike ʻia kahi ulu mua ma luna.
He pono kiʻiona
ʻO kekahi inoa inoa no ka iʻa i alakaʻi i kahi ke kaʻina kokoke i lalo o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi he char maʻamau. No nā ʻohana o ka baloritorium detachment cypriniformes. Ma Little Russia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Avdyushka. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi kanaka pōpilikia i loko o nā loko, nā wahi noho a i ʻole nā lalo lalo o nā muliwai me kahi o ka wikiwiki a me kahi pā wailele. Kali ʻo ia no ka hoʻoilo, kanu ʻia i ka lepo maloʻo.
Pono ka lōʻihi o ka char mustachioed i ka nui nui a me ka lōʻihi ma mua o 18 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ʻo ia ka tren antennae. Aia ma nā kihi ʻelua o ke kahawai ʻoi loa, aia ma ke kihi o ka waha. Ua lulu iki i ka poʻo o kēia iʻa. He melemele ke kino me nā wahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ʻole. Hoʻolaulea nā mea like ʻole i nā pūlima. ʻO ka meaʻai nui o ka avdushka nā mea kanu, nā invertebrates aquatic a me nā huaʻōlelo pepese liʻiliʻi.
Lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa loach
E lawe ʻia ana ka lawaiʻa o kēia iʻa ma Lūkia ma nā wahi o ke Kaiwa ʻo Czech, ʻo Novaya Zemlya, ma kapa o ke kahawai ʻo Kara. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ia i ka palena haʻahaʻa o Lena, Yenisei a me Ob. ʻO ka lawaiʻa e lawe ʻia e ka ʻupena a i ʻole e hoʻolale ai i nā upena, a me nā ʻanoho kūikawā - "pā". ʻO lākou nā fete hakakā me ka paʻa ʻana ma waena o nā kumu waiwai.
Hoʻolālā hou ʻia ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o kēia iʻa momona a maikaʻi. He wahi kūpono no kēia mau pahuhopu ʻo Kola Peninsula.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe lawaiʻa Amateur i nā milo a me nā mea hoʻokele e loaʻa ai ka char. I ke kauwela i Iune a me Iulai, lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pono o ka float gear. I nā mahina mahana, ʻoi ʻia ka lawaiʻa manu.
E wehe koke i ka pecks i nā baits mai nā peʻa a iʻa ʻia i ka iʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kime salmon nui a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonaninani.
Char law i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO nā wā maikaʻi loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana ʻo Dekemaba a me Malaki. ʻAʻohe kumu nui e nānā i nā loʻi i ka pā ma ka muliwai ma kēia manawa. Eia e mālama ʻia ai ia i loko o ka wela. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe ka papa a holo i ka hiki. Makemake nui ka loko o ka loko - nā lua a me nā loko.
Hoʻohana ka kikoʻī i luna me ke kua, ka māmā, ka reel me kaʻole pohō, a hiki i ka 0.12 mm kaulaʻi kaula. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kakoo ke lawe i ke ʻano oscillating a ʻoki ʻana paha, oblong. ʻAno ke kala a melemele paha ka kala. E hoʻemi i ka mea iʻa i waho i nā iʻa, ua loli ke kūleʻa me kahi kī pālua. Ke hoʻolale nei i nā pākuʻu a me ke kihi 90 °.
Char i ka kuke ʻana
ʻO ka ʻono kahi iʻa a maikaʻi loa nā iʻa. Loaʻa kahi kala kalaʻulaʻula nui, nā leʻaleʻa maikaʻi a me nā ʻono hoʻoliʻiliʻi. Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua like ia me ka trout. Ka momona ma ka char i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o ka salmon.
ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu o 100 g o ia ʻai wale ʻia he 135 kcal.
ʻO ka mineral ka nui o nā minela a me ke kō ka calcium, nona ke kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻona. Eia kekahi, hōʻole ʻia lākou i kahi ʻano maʻalahi. He nui nā magnesium i kāna ʻai, nāna ke kuleana he pale.
He mea koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ka pono o nā momona piha o ka omega, ka hana maʻamau e hoʻonui ai i nā pale o ke kino, me ka hiki ʻana i ka vitamin E, i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano huaʻupaʻa maoli o ka ʻōpio. Me ka makaʻala, pono ke hoʻopau wale i ka hana o nā mea alerē - e ʻike paha kekahi i ka hoʻomau i nā huahana i ʻoki ʻia i nā ʻano ʻulaʻula. ʻOiai he momona momona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā keiki no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka 3 mau makahiki.
Kāleo iʻa ʻia
E mālama i ka palupalu i ka ʻiʻo a me ka waiʻona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kuke iā ia i loko o ka foil aiʻole ka lūlū lima. Hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ʻai ʻono o ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maloo. He mea lawa i ka paʻakai, ʻīwī liʻiliʻi i ka iʻa me ka wai lemon, e hoʻohui i ka ʻāʻeleʻele a me kahi huaʻai o nā mea kanu Provence.
25 mau minuke e kuke ai i ka loina i hoʻomo ʻia i ka umu. Hiki i ka poʻe aloha hīmole ke kuke liʻiliʻi
Char pepeiao
Mai ka trout (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo char no kona ʻono ʻono), ʻoi aku ka mākau iʻa a iʻa. No ka hana ʻana i ka wai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka iʻa a holoi ʻia me ka wai anuanu, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai kahi paʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā lau o ka kokā. Ma hope o ke kolo ʻana, kuke ʻia ke kahe no 10-12 mau minuke. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻiʻo mai ka kalo mai a hoʻomoʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hupa i hoʻomoʻi ʻia ma ka lehu i kahipaʻa, nā ʻuala a me nā ʻili he hoʻohui ʻia iā ia. Ke maloʻo ka mea kanu, ninini ʻia ka pepeiao o ka manamana i nā papa, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i kālai ʻia i nā iwi iā lākou.
Pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka char ma ka home
No ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kirikō nui - ʻoi aku ka momona o kā lākou momona. Pono ʻelua mau kilika o ke kaona no 2 tbsp. punetaha o ka paʻakai. Mai poina e hoʻohui i kahi mea (kīʻaha) o ke kō - nā mea momona o kāna ʻiʻo mai ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi wale nō.
Ma mua o ka paʻakai ʻana i ka char ma ka home, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻole ʻana i ka ʻili - ua nalo ʻia ma hope o ka paʻakai. E pīpī i ka iʻa ʻoki i nā ʻaoʻao a pau me kahi kāwili o ka paʻakai a me ke kō, e huki iā ia i loko o nā kiʻi kīwī a waiho ʻia i loko o ka friji. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, ua mākaukau ka iʻa ʻono a me ka ʻono nui, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e like me ka trout a i ʻole salmon, ua mākaukau.
Char caviar paʻakai
ʻOkoʻa ʻole ka paʻakai o kēia ʻano caviar mai ka paʻakai ʻana o ka caviar o kekahi iʻa ʻulaʻula. I kahi brine i hoʻomohala mua i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana (kahi hui ʻana o ka wai a me ka paʻakai), hoʻemi ʻia ka caviar no 20-30 mau kekona. ʻAʻole neʻe ʻia ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni. E maʻalahi ka neʻe ʻana mai i nā hua ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wai wela.
Pono ka ikaika o ka brine no ka ʻili. Ma kahi ipu aniani pono ʻoe e lawe i 2 tbsp. punetaha o ka paʻakai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Sugar i ka brine i kahi liʻiliʻi iki - 2 tsp.
I ka caviar peeled mai ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi aila liʻiliʻi a hoʻ maloʻo no nā hola 4-6. Ma hope o kēia manawa, e mākaukau ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
Parasites i ka char
E like me nā mea iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea pili i loko i laila ʻaʻole pōʻino i nā kānaka. Lā ʻia ʻo ʻai wale nō ka mākaʻu ʻuʻoki ʻole (undigested a i ʻole a unroasted) iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka iwi ākea ākea, trematode a me anisakides.
Pono e kuke ʻia ka iʻa iʻa ʻia ma kahi he 2 mau hebedoma. ʻO kēia wale nō, make nā helminths i loko. Hiki ke aʻo ʻia nā mea aloha ʻōpala liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e waiho mua ma ka pahu manuahi. ʻO ka iʻa iʻa no 2 mau wiki i ka mahana o -18 ° C, ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino - i kēia manawa make nā mea āpau ma loko. Ma ka -25 ° C e make wikiwiki lākou - ma hope o 72 mau hola.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ākea o ka loach ʻo kāna mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, kahi kokoke i ʻike maka ʻole i ka maka ʻuha. I maʻū paū a palupalu, no laila e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo i kahi kū ʻole ka iʻa. No laila ʻo ka inoa o ka luna o ka ʻohana salmon. ʻAkana i ke kiʻi He nani a nani a nani, ʻike koke ʻia he elite iʻa, a no laila ʻaʻole nani wale nō, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano e hoʻokaʻawale i nā char mai nā ʻano ʻala ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe ka nui o ka helu ʻeleʻele i loko o ke kino, a i ʻole ko lākou holo piha ʻana. Aia nō i nā ʻano ʻano, ʻaʻohe ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi ia, akā he keʻokeʻo, he beige a iʻa ʻulaʻula paha, ʻo ka hōʻailona mua kēlā i mua o kēia ʻano iʻa i mua o kou alo.
ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka loach i kona ʻano: ua hoʻoponopono ʻia a hele pū paha ia. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wehe ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano i ka wā spawning. He mea kupaianaha ʻo kēia iʻa i kēia iʻa i ka minamina, ʻaʻole i ʻohi ʻoi i nā ʻohana. Hoʻololi maʻalahi i nā make wai haʻahaʻa, aloha e hoʻololi pinepine ai i ka noho. I ka manawa like, hoʻololi ka ʻiʻo i ka wai o ka mea hoʻonani i kahi kala.
ʻOiai nā ʻano ʻano, i ka ʻokoʻa i luna o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia kaena wai, ua loaʻa nā ʻano āpau āpau i nā ʻano maʻamau like ʻole:
- hānai ʻia ke kino, hone ka hōkū, ka mea i kōkua i ka neʻe wikiwiki i ka wai,
- nui ke poʻo, ke alo wai nei, nā maka ke kiʻekiʻe.
- hana caudal pau
- he lalo ke kuʻekuʻe lalo ʻole e pili ana i ka luna, nui ka waha,
- inā loaʻa nā māla, ua pāuʻi maoli ʻia lākou i ke kino holoʻokoʻa,
- ʻO ke kala nui o nā aniani brackish he ʻōpū māmā, nā ʻāpana kālā a me ke kua hina hina, i loko o nā wai wai, nā wahi o luna o ke kino i loaʻa nā pupu ʻulaʻula-polu i uhi ʻia i ke kanaka ma ka wai kahe.
- Eia ka nui o ka pahu i ka mea noho a me nā mea ʻano: hiki i nā mea lawaiʻa ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o 1 m a kaupaona 15-16 kg, ka wai moana hou i liʻiliʻi - me ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 50 cm ke kaupaona 1.5-2 kg. ʻO ka spimimisa nui loa ka waiwai. Hiki i ka nui o kahi kanaka ke hele i 30 kg.
ʻAi ʻai Char, i hoʻolako ʻia a kuke ʻia ia, ua helu ʻia lākou me ka ʻai meaʻai. I mea e hana ai i ka kīʻaha, ʻaʻole wale nō ka momona, akā ʻo ka olakino hoʻi, pono ʻia i kēia iʻa i ka mālama wela.
ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe pōpilikia i kahi huahana waiwai inā, ma ka wā o kona hoʻomākaukau ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka pā kuke i ka foil a steaming paha. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nuʻu iwi e hana i ka mea iʻa momona.
Hōʻike ka mana kahi i ka moe o ka salmon aia kekahi o nā ʻano, he nui ka nui. I waena o nā mea maʻamau ka:
1. Arika. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, ʻo kēia ka ʻano kahiko o ka mea maʻamau i nā ʻāpana ʻākau. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i waena o nā mea kūʻai loa. Nui ka nui o nā sphime, he 15-16 kg, a he 90 cm ke lōʻihi. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano kanaka i loko o ka Red Red, no laila ke pāpā ʻia ai ka hopu ʻia ʻana.
2. Lake. ʻO kahi ʻano haʻalulu ʻano lūlū, ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻole i ka holo. He nui nā subspecies e ʻokoʻa i ka nui a me ka pono. ʻO 45 cm ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia kanaka he 45 cm. ʻO ka paona record i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka umeke char subspecies a hiki i 30 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 150 cm.
3. Brook. Ma kēia ʻano o ka hana a nā mea aloha e ulu a hoʻonui i nā kahawai nui, nā muliwai a me nā kahawai. Ke ulu lohi nei ia, akā nui ka lehulehu o ia ʻano no ka hoʻomaka ʻana e neʻe i ka trout mai kēia mau wai wai. ʻO kahi subspecies o kēia ʻano iʻa ka tiger char, kahi, e like me kekahi mau ʻepekema, ua kū mai ma muli o ke keʻa ʻana o ka mea noho a me ka trout i manaʻo ʻia.
4. Ka Pakipika (Kamchatka). Nui paha nā kānaka o kēia ʻano, ma ka kiʻekiʻe 10 kg, ʻokoʻa lākou mai ka arctic e ko lākou kala. Ua koho ʻia kēia ʻano he migratory - i ka manawa o ka pae ana, hoʻomaka ʻo kā Kamchatka char char i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai wai wai a me nā loko.
5. Boganidsky. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema mai Siberia, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano like me kekahi o ka mea e pono nui ai ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o nā waikamu omega i kāna ʻai. ʻE liʻiliʻi ʻia kona helu, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa pinepine i kēia mau iʻa.
6. Mustachioed (avdyushka). No ka Loach ka ʻōmaʻomaʻi o nā cyprinids, loaʻa i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, nā loko a me nā wahi puna, kahi i loaʻa ai ke one kahawai a me ka wikiwiki o ka wai. ʻIke pinepine nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma ke anawaena 20 cm. ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano ʻano i loko o ka loaʻa ʻana o tren antennae. Ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, kanu ka avdyushka iā ia i loko o ke one o ka lalo, no laila, ʻaʻohe kumu no ka hopu ʻana i kēia wā.
Ma waho o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, aia kekahi char-footed foot, beak, davatchan, malma, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o kekahi poʻe e hoʻolimalima i ka hapanui o ko lākou ola i ka wai paʻakai, ʻaʻole hiki kēia i kēia iʻa ke kapa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole i kahele ʻia ka noho i waho o ke kai i loko o ke kai, a i kona wā i kū ai, makemake nui ʻia ia ma ke kahawai o ka muliwai kahi i hele ai.