ʻO ka kumu o nā polypteruses e hoʻi i nā manawa o ka Cretaceous a me nā dinosaurs, ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā ʻano kai ʻeleʻele e kū mai i ʻĀpana kahiko.
Māhele ka huaʻā iho i nā subspecies ʻelua, ʻo ka mea mua (Erpetoichthys) ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō huaʻai ʻo E. calabaricus, aquarists i ʻike ʻia i ka iʻa nāhelehele a i ʻole nā ulia Kalabar.
ʻO ka lua ʻo Polypterus, aia ka nui o nā ʻano he ʻumi a me nā subspecies.
ʻO keʻano
Ua unuhi ka inoa polyterus ma ke ʻano he "multi-feather" a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa no nā loina dorsal kū hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe ka kino o ka nahesa me nā fine pectoral nui, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka neʻe a hana i kahi ʻano kaukau maikaʻi ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka huelo inā pono ʻoe i kahi palena o ka wikiwiki.
Aia nā polypterus i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā iʻa prehistoric ʻē aʻe. He mau ʻāpana nui a koʻikoʻi kēia.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi palau hōʻaiho i hoʻololi ʻia e like me ka pūhaka a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a ʻōlelo hōʻike ʻia i ʻelua māhele. ʻAe kēia i ka polyters e hopu i ka lewa mai ka wai o ka wai, kahi waiwai pono i loko o nā hale kō me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kekahi wahi o ka mōʻaukala
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua puka ʻia kēia mau mea ma ʻAmelika kahiko i ka wā Cretaceous, a ʻoi aku kēia ma mua o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ke hōʻike nei ʻo ia i kahi ʻano mamao loa, ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka anatomy primitive o ka polypteruses: ʻo ka ʻili o ka cartilaginous, kahi i like me ka hoʻolālā i kahi hiō a i ʻole stingray, kahi o nā papa cranial a me kekahi.
ʻO ka ʻohana maha manu (lat. Polypteridae) ʻelua mau ʻano genera:
- Kalamoikhty (lat. Erpetoichthys) me ka mea wale nō Kalamoikht Kalabar (iʻa nāhelehele),
- Kuʻi manuahi (lat. Polypterus) me nā ʻano he nui a me nā subspecies.
He aha ka mea e like me ka polio e pili ana?
ʻO kēia mau mea kupanaha he helehelena ʻānela:
- ʻōpū ākea me nā paena nui
- ikaika elongated kino me ka lōʻihi o ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 90 cm.
Mālama ʻia ka hihia e nā pale kaulike nui he nui i like. I loko o kāna palapala hana, ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi ganoid - kahi protete paʻa i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa piha.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau dorsal fin, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka waenakonu o ke kua a hoʻopau i ka huelo, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomau mau ana, akā, me he mea lā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia (aia kekahi kikoono no ka 15-20 vertebrae). Hiki i nā ʻāpana āpau ke kū a hāʻule i ka noi ʻana o ka iʻa.
ʻElua mau iwi ʻokoʻa o ka paila pectoral, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka cartilage. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i ka iʻa ke hōʻea i ka kahawai a hoʻomaha, e hoʻohana iā lākou e like me ke kākoʻo.
Kalena yachts Cabaro
ʻO kēia iʻa ʻano kupaianaha i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ka moʻo China.
Ke kino lōʻihi (a 90 cm ma vivo) e like like me ka nahesa. Akā ʻo ka Kalamoicht e neʻe me ka wikiwiki o ka wai a hoʻopuni iā ia iho a puni nā mea kanu, no laila ua like kona neʻe e like me ka lele a i ʻole kahi mele hoʻoluʻu.
I loko o nā mea waiwai pilikino, nui kēia mau ʻeleʻele me nā pua ʻalaʻulaʻula i ulu i 45 cm
ʻO nā polypteruses aloha
ʻO nā ornatipinuses a i ʻole nā ʻāpana marmar (nui a hiki i 45 cm), ikaika nui loa a loaʻa iā lākou kahi kāhiko - he nui nā hōʻailona keʻokeʻo e loaʻa ana ma kahi papaʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou i ka wā e hānai ana, ke koena o ka manawa a lākou e makemake ai e hūnā ma nā grottoes a ʻeli paha i loko o ka hoʻopihapiha.
Pono lākou i kahi kaila wai nui - ma ka liʻiliʻi he 450 lita no 2-3 pākahi me nā pākana wai + 23 ... + 28 ºC, pH 6.5-8.5, 7-26 ° dH.
ʻO nā polypteruses Tiger
He lapoʻa nui ʻo Tiger Polypterus Endlicheri Bichir - a hiki i ka 75 cm. ʻO ke kumu nui o ke kino lōʻihi he hina hina. He pālahalaha hāliʻiliʻi nona.
ʻOi loa ka lahui nocturnal ikaika i kona kūlana pilikino (loko o ka loko o ʻAmelika) akā, he mea lohi loa ia, akā naʻe i ka mea hanohano. Kuhi ʻia kahi aquarium me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o ka mau tausani cubic mika a ʻoiaʻiʻo e hānai i nā mea ola ola.
ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana he mau like ia me nā moʻo lele marmer.
ʻO Polypterus Wixia
Kuhi kēia mau hulu manuahi i ka lōʻihi o 90-100 cm. paʻakikī iā lākou e kiʻi i ka hale hoʻonaʻauao home, i kekahi manawa i loaʻa i loko o nā mea kanu. Hoʻokaʻawale lākou i kahi ʻāpana poloka nā lōʻihi hina me nā peka transversle o ke kala ʻeleʻele.
Polypterus Delgesi
ʻO ka polypterus delhezi he mea ʻoluʻolu loa ia i ka pena. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻulaʻula a hina paha-i waiho ʻia ʻia me nā kīkī a me nā wahi. Ka nui kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 35 cm.
ʻAʻole ʻike iki kēia nocturnal predals i ka aquarium i ke ʻano o ke ao.
ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no kēia multioperation e lilo i kahi kai me nā panina wai - ka mahana + 24 ... + 28 ° C, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka 5.5-8.5 ° dH, pH 6.5-8.5.
Polypteri Senegalese
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā polachterus Cuvier i ka mahiʻai ʻana i ka ʻona aku hale.
He ʻano kūlike loa kēia iʻa me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
I ke ʻano maka, ʻaʻole kū maoli ia a like ia me kahi kāwele. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka nui o ke kino he 35-40 cm, akā ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe e ulu a hiki i 75 cm.
ʻO ke poʻo nui o ke kino he uliuli-hina a ʻulaʻula paha, a he māmā ka ʻōpū. I waena o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ʻole kekahi kanaka albino.
ʻO ka mālama a mālama mālama i ka polyopterus i ka hale hoʻonaʻauao home
ʻO ka paʻakikī nui e mālama ai i ka polypteruses i loko o kahi hale home mea kūʻai nui nui ka nui o ka hale aku. ʻOiai ʻoi ka liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa o ka nahesa liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 30 cm, he nui ka nui o lākou. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka hohonu o kēia hihia, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke koho he nui loa, akā he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka hapa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai i nā ʻīlio wai ke kūpono he 120 ma 40 cm a 180 paha ma 60 cm.
Mai luna mai, hiki ke pani ʻia i ka panila me kahi uhi kūikawā a i ʻole net ʻole, aʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana he nui nā hulu e pono ai ka ea hau. Akā, pono ka pale mai ka hoʻolei ʻana mai kahi waiwai mai. Ke ola nei ka multipurpose no kekahi manawa ma ka papahele, akā e waiho mau ana i ka maloʻo a pinepine ka hopena i kēia mau lilo i ka ʻike.
Ua hoʻokuʻi ʻia ka iʻa aʻa me nā hoalauna e kū paʻakikī, a ʻoiai nā ʻohana e pāʻani pinepine ai i ka meaʻai.
Akā, hoʻopau ka polypterus i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma lalo, e lūlū i ka lepo. ʻAi pū lākou ia i lalo o ka iulona. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha maikaʻi loa e lilo i mau ʻāpana kūpono o nā ʻolihi lau a i ʻole nā one.
ʻAʻole ʻai ka hapanui manu i nā mea kanu aku, akā makemake lākou e hūnā i ko lākou mauʻu a nānā i kahi nani maikaʻi ma laila. He kūpono ka moss wai, algae me nā lau paʻakikī a me ka laulā.
Pono ia e hoʻolako no nā pale nui, hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kiʻeke, nā pōhaku, a me nā mea hiʻona. Pono wale ia e haʻalele i nā kihi ʻalani a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hōʻeha nā iʻa. Hōʻike ka polyterterus e nā "leaps" i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.
Pono pono ke kānana a me ka hoʻohuihui, akā maʻalahi. ʻAʻole holo nui ka Mnogoperov a hanu i ka ea hau i ka ea.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono o ka ʻona wai no ka polypteruses ka mahana mai +23 ° С a hiki i +30 ° С, i ka palupalu a kokoke i ke ʻano kūlehu waena i ke kaulike-kumu.
Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana wai i kēlā me kēia lā i ka palekana, mālama maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole pono ke kukui ikaika, ʻo kēia mau neʻe nocturnal e like me ka lā a me ka hūnā i ka lā ma nā palupalu o nā mea kanu a i ʻole i nā mea hoʻonani.
Hānai
ʻO Polyopterus no ka gluttony kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono ʻole i ka meaʻai ke kapa ʻia nā iʻa a me ka hiʻakai o Siamese.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai iā lākou i ke ola, pani, nā māla i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Fit:
- pili koko,
- mea hana pono
- kāʻala ʻala,
- pūnana naʻau
- kai a me ke kai loko,
- nā kāwele maloʻo no nā mea wānana ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke koi nui no kahi meaʻai he hānai momona kiʻekiʻe.Eia kekahi, he nui nā poʻe i hiki ʻole ke ʻai mai ka wai o ka wai;
ʻAʻole ʻai ʻo Pangasius a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomālamalama, pono lākou i ka twilight.
Inā i hiki aku ka nui o nā hulu i ka ʻelemakule (7-10 mau makahiki), a laila e maloʻo kā lākou niho niho a laila e hele mai i ka huli o ka meaʻai kanu:
- lettce ʻono, ʻāpiki, nā lau dandelion,
- ʻoka o ka zucchini,
- mau kukama
- pani
- pāpaʻa ʻia uala.
Hoʻohui a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi
ʻOi aku ka polypteruses ʻokiʻī e noho i nā hipa, akā me ka wā pākeke ke hoʻololi nei lākou i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka huluhulu manu Senegalese, ka mea e noho pinepine nei i nā aquariums, he ʻoluʻolu maluhia a hiki ke launa pū me kekahi mau ʻano nui o nā cichlids predatory. ʻO kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi, e hoʻonaʻi ʻo ka ʻona wai i ka meaʻai a luku.
ʻOi aku paha nā iʻa nui a i ʻole hiki ke hele me ka polypterus:
- barbus
- iʻa
- Labeau
- nā cichlids
- Akara
- astronotus
- iris
- gourami.
ʻAʻole ʻoe e hui i ka iʻa cat-sucker me nā ʻīlio iʻa, ko lākou immobility e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hulu hulu.
I kekahi mau manawa polakol ka pōʻai a ʻuʻuku i nā iʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou i ka nui, ka mea, ʻike ʻia kēia me ka ʻike ʻike. Akā mau ka poʻe pāʻani me ke kūlike i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea nona ka hale kō i kūlohelohe - ʻaʻau lākou i ka paia mua o ka hale aku a hoʻomaka i ka hū. Hiki i nā poʻe kūleʻa keʻai i ke lima kanaka.
Kuhi pinepine kekahi poʻe loea i ka hulu o ka sentimentality. Me ka makaʻu, haʻalulu lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, kēlā mau lula a me ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi mea make ke mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi hoʻāʻo e peʻe mai kahi pōʻino noʻonoʻo.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka "nalowale o ka ʻike" hiki ke hoʻololi i ka reservoir, kūleʻa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pale o ka paʻakai.
I kēia kūlana, pono ke hoʻoponopono koke ʻia nā kūlana ola, a maʻalahi koke ka polytherus i ke kūlana hou. ʻO ka manawa ma hope o 30, ʻoi loa he 40 mau minuke, ke hele mai nei ka mea hoʻohua "a hoʻomaka ʻoe e noho.
ʻAno hānau
Ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o nā kāne i waena o ke kāne a me ka mnogoperov wahine a keʻike wale nō i maopopo iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo iā lākou. Ma nā kāne, he ākea ka laulā ākea o ka anal fin a me ke poʻo ākea, ma ka wahine, ʻo ka hind plumage he kiko a kuhikuhi ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna ka nui loa.
No ka spawning a me ka hoʻouluulu hou o nā polypteruses, pono pono e kūkulu ʻia nā kūlana kūikawā, a loaʻa i ka mea lawa keʻike.
E like me nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka wā kūlohelohe o ka ua kūlohelohe, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea aʻe:
- kaomi iki ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kai aku,
- ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ea wai - ʻelua mau degere.
Inā hele mai ka spawning, a laila kona manawa kūpono loa ʻo Iulai -ʻOkakopa.
Kauʻau ʻia kahi mau kāne kahi e hele kokoke ana, paʻi ʻia nā kino, hoʻopili i nā palima o kekahi.
E pīhoihoi ana, e waiho ana ka wahine i nā hua manu i loko o nā "lima" o ke kāne. ʻO ke kāne ma kekahi ala e hoʻopili ai i nā pail pectoral i like ka pilelu, a lawe i loko o ia ukana nui. A laila kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia a hoʻohele wale ʻia i nā hua i luna o nā mea kanu iʻa.
Inā makemake ka mea nona e hoʻopakele i ka hua o ka polypterus, a laila pono ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo nā pākeke i kēia manawa.
Ma hope o nā lā 5-7, e kau i ka hatch mai nā hua. Hūkeuki lākou mai nā lā mua o ke ola a hiki i ka pale ʻana i ka cannibalism, pono lākou e ʻokoʻa i ka manawa me ka nui a kanu ʻia.
I mea e hoʻomohala maikaʻi ai nā hulu manuahi liʻiliʻi, pono ke hoʻohuihui ʻia ka wai me nā ʻāpana hou, a laila e pono ai ka hoʻonui ʻia.
E hānai i ka palaoa e hoʻomaka i ka hebedoma ma hope o ka hatching. ʻO ka lure mua ka mea maʻamau artema naupelia. Ke hele ka nui o nā kino o nā hulu manu i ka 5-6 cm, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou i ka hānai ʻana i nā pākeke.
ʻO ka maʻi a me ka ʻihi
ʻOiai kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻike o ka aquarium o polypteruses, akā nui ka pili ʻana i kēia mau i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni a aneʻi ʻole e maʻi ka maʻi.
Akā me nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻāpana o ka mālama ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau ʻōkuhi:
- Nā ʻilima.ʻO kēia kahi o ka iʻa i pilikia ai ka make. No laila, he mea nui ia e nānā i kāuʻai a me ka nui o ka lawelawe ʻana.
- Pālā me ka monogeny. Hōʻike ʻia kēia maʻi me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi a me ka hōʻole ʻole ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka hanu pinepine ʻana a me ka hoʻomanawanui (no kēia, nui ka hulu o ka hulu i ka nui o ka wai), ka neʻe o ka wāwae i ka lepo. ʻO nā monogenies kekahi mau noke liʻiliʻi e ulu ana i ke kino a ma mua hoʻi o ke poʻo o ka iʻa nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Azipirin no ka mālama ʻana.
- Kāpī i nā leʻa wai wai. ʻO nā mea wale nō i lawe ʻia mai ka nohona kūlohelohe hiki ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi. Akā no ka hōʻoia hou he mea pono ia no ka quarantine i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻonui i mua o ka hoʻopuka ʻana iā lākou i ka hale mālama hale.
- Nā ʻeha. ʻOiai ke ʻano kūlohelohe, he hilahila loa nā kihi multi-ʻili a huli pinepine ʻo ia i ka huli ʻana, kaomi i nā paia o ka aquarium, e hoʻāʻo ana e lele mai loko o ka wai. No laila, pono ka paʻapū o kahi kohu ma kahi malu a me ka maluhia, pale ʻia mai ka walaʻau a me ka mālamalama kukui.
- ʻO ka make ʻana iā Ammonia. Hana ʻia kēia maʻi i ka wā e kūʻe ai ka wai i loko o kahi kōʻai kūlohelohe.
ʻO Bingo hou aʻe, e nā haku!
I kēia lā, ma hope o ka hana, ua hoʻoholo hou wau e kīʻī i ke kāmeka a ua hoʻokomo ʻo Uho honu i loko o ka pā! 🧐
A mahalo hoʻi i ka pou i hala mua - ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi mea kākau inoa holoʻokoʻa!)
Ua makemake nui wau e hoʻololi i kekahi mea ma ka aquarium. A i ʻole he pahu lua aku. Ma kēia manawa, nā manaʻo wale nō. (Nā ʻāpana shrimp, Amano, Molynezia, nā kīhā lio a me nā iʻa ʻelua - i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēia lā)
ʻAʻohe koke, hiki i kekahi ke hōʻike i kahi noʻonoʻo maikaʻi, mahalo nui wau e hoʻolohe i nā ʻōlelo maikaʻi.
My Akaariums
Aloha kākou āpau, Makemake au e haʻi aku e kaʻana i ka ʻike o kaʻu mau mea hou ʻelua. ʻIke ʻoe i ke kiʻi o ka mea i ka mua ma 50 lita. Ua kūʻai mākou no ka mea i loko o ka aquarium 62 liters o nā mea ola e hānau nei, nui nā pīpī i ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ua noʻonoʻo kaʻu wahine, a hele mākou ma hope o ka aquarium - 50 lita. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka wahine hānai i nā mea lawe hānai e like me ke guppies, picilia, a me nā molinesia. Hana hauʻoli lākou, e ʻai, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻai aku a hoʻihoʻi ka wahine i ka mea i hoʻolaʻa iā ia.
Hoʻolaha wale ʻia kēia māla me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe mai nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma laila: ʻo ke kupapaʻu, a me ka pūlima, ua ʻike ʻia ka fern, inā ʻaʻole wau i kuhihewa, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ulu maikaʻi ia. He palau ka pennywort, ludwig ʻelua mau lāʻau a nānā nā mea a pau nā mea poina ʻole.
ʻOiai paha ua kalai koke aku nei au i kahi kani ulaula mai kahi kaluho 20 he mau ʻehā mau pua ma laila, a hele i kahi leʻaleʻa a me ka pū i kahi pū. ʻAʻole wau i ʻike pehea i ma hope o kekahi mau lā i ʻike ai au pehea e hoʻokō ʻia ai lākou i loko o ka hale aku. Ma ke ʻano o lākou ʻē aʻe ke ola mau nei he mau pālua o ka molliesia, na algae eater, a me nā iʻa ancytrus. I ka wā e hiki mai nei iaʻu e hoʻolālā e kau i ka iʻa mai ka aku i loko e kīkī i ka ʻāʻī a hana i kahi huluhulu maʻemaʻe ʻOi ka lepo, kūleʻa ke aniani 1 keʻokeʻo 20 watts. Hoʻokomo pū pinepine ka Fertilizer. Hana ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻia hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule 25-30℅. Akā, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ʻo ka mea hoʻomokuana wale nō, ʻoi wale nō kaʻu mau mea kanu. ʻAʻole hoʻi e pau loa.
A he 20 mauʻu manona nei.
E kū ana i loko o ka lumi. Hoʻomaka wau iā ia i ka makahiki i hala, ua noho wale nā ʻāpana ʻōpala i laila. No laila manaʻo wau e hoʻoneʻe wau i kēia mau mea kanu i 50 lita a e uku wau i ka honu. No nā mea kanu, aia nā lomariopsis, hornwort, valysneria, a me nā anubis. Mālama ka ʻaina Shrimps i ka mea nani maikaʻi loa ke ʻike i nā honu liʻiliʻi e holo ana ma nā mea kanu. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hauʻoli wau i ka honu inā ʻaʻohe wahine iaʻu, e kūʻai aku au a pālaʻi i kahi ʻano kīʻahaʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana o nā koʻi āpau. Ma, i ka laulā, ua kaʻana aku i nā mea āpau me ʻoe e like me kaʻu i makemake ai. 😃
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
Uliʻi nui nā ʻepekema i kēia wahi a pau i kēia iʻa kahiko, no laila ʻo ka mea maʻamau ia kekahi o nā mea nui o nā mea hoʻohālike hoʻohālikelike.
ʻO Polypteruses kekahi o nā iʻa maʻamau no ka kiʻi kiʻi ʻana a i ke kiʻi wikiō. No laila, ʻoluʻolu nā wahi noho o nā hulu manu i kiʻi i nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ua kūʻai lilo aku nā kiʻi o kēia mau iʻa i ke kumu kūʻai.
He mea kupanaha ka naʻauao o ka dinosaur lalo - ʻike maoli i kona mea nona a hiki i ka wā hiamoe hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i mea e aloha ʻia ai ka mea aloha a mālama hoʻi i ka holoholona.
Ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (pono ke hoʻomau mau ʻia ke kino), hiki i ka polyperus ma ka ʻāina ke lōʻihi. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka ʻākahi hulu hulu ke mālama i ka mea pio ma ke kahakai no 6-7 mau hola.
Hoʻokū maikaʻi ka hanu polypterus pulmonary, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka wā hānau. No laila, ma ke poʻo o ka pākī, ulu nā mea kanu o waho i nā mahina 2-3, e hoʻohālike iā lākou me nā axolotls.
Aquarium JEBO 62 lita
Aloha kākou āpau, ua hoʻoholo wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kaʻu lua aku o ka papa aku o 62 liters.
A pēlā nō, ola i nā iʻa mau e ola nei ma nā iʻa: guppies, swordsmen, Pitsilia, Mollinesia. ʻO Ludwigia, Hygrophilus loosestrifera, Kriptokarin, Nimfeya, ma ke ala, kahi kaʻina mai kahi 100 aku ka wai aku, ua ulu i nā mea kanu, aia kekahi mea o Valisneria i hāʻawi i nā lālā o ke kuahiwi. A ʻo Ekhinodorus kahi ahi ulaula, akā hiki iaʻu ke kuhihewa, ma mua o ka ʻoi ʻana ka nani o kēia manawa i kēia wahi ua hoʻomāiʻi ʻia i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kēia ke kaikuahine kahiko loa o nā mea a pau i ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, i koʻu kūʻai ʻana iā ia no ke kukui ʻana, he 2 mau kukui uila e like me 8 ka nui o kēlā me kēia. Ua lolowale ke kukui, ʻo ka hapanui o Anubis e ulu nui ana ma laila, me ka ulu mālie me ka lohi Makemake au i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻalahi, ua haʻalele au i ʻelua mau kukui a waiho i kahi kinipōpō 30 watt. Ua kanu ʻo ia iā Valisneria, a hehi ʻo ia i ʻelua mau pule, ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i ka hana, no laila, mai kahi 100 aku ka wai aku ua hoʻonui wau i ka cryptocarin, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, ʻoiai hewa paha wau. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kānana ma aneʻi kahi kānana ʻo Jebo kūloko o 300 lita i hoʻokahi hola; ua kau ʻia ka syntetic winter, sponge, a me nā seramics i ka pā. I ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, kānana nui ka kānana e hoʻolōʻihi ai i ka wai, ke noi aku nei wau no nā dregs a hoʻololi i hoʻokahi hola ma mua o ke kiʻi. Aia kekahi pilikia, i hāʻawi ʻia kēia kānana i ka ea a ma luna o ka papa o ka mea kanu i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka aku. ʻAʻole wau he nani, waiho wau i ka pākuhi no ka oxygen, waiho i loko o kahi mea hoʻoweliweli a ke iho nei ka kahe ma ka ʻaoʻao wai. ʻO ka lepo ma kahi haʻalulu i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia mai 3 a 6 mm. Hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻololi i ka hebedoma 25-30 25.
ʻO ka pane i ka pou "Aquarium no kēlā me kēia pickhouse i ka papa ʻaina!"
Ka. Ua pilikia wau. Mahalo iā ʻoe e nā hoa @psbspb. Mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi, makemake wau iaʻu i kekahi iʻa. Pela ka mea i ku.
I kūʻai wau iaʻu iho he pahu poli aku. Ua kūʻai au i kahi kānana, kahi kukui, lepo. All ma muli o nā ʻōkuhi.
Ua hōʻiliʻili wau i nā mea āpau, hoʻopili ʻia, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lepo. Ua kūʻai pū kekahi wau i ka hose manawaleʻa, mai kahi dropper. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopiha i ka wai.
Nui nā wai. Ua hiki iaʻu ke kiʻi i kekahi o nā mea kanu - ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea i kapa ʻia lākou ma ka pololei - i ka poʻe maʻamau - anubis. Huki iā lākou i ka ʻōpū. ʻIke wau he mea hiki ʻole, e like me ia e hoʻopili pono ʻia i ka kooyag a me nā pōhaku, akā ʻaʻohe mea o kēia mea i hana.
Me ke aniani paha ka wai. Laka akula au a ninini pololei loa.
Ma laila ka mea mua i hana, ʻaʻole ia ma nā ʻōlelo aʻo!
ʻO nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me nā lepo lepo i kāwili ʻia me ka wai. Ua hoʻololi koke ka wai i loko o ka wai, a lilo wau i mea nona ka ʻāpana ʻāʻei kiʻi.
Hoʻihoʻi hou i ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe mai ka ʻōpala, holoi a lūlū hou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wau. Mai ka wā ahiahi, a ʻoluʻolu loa nā keiki i kaʻu mau hoʻokolohua physicochemical, ua haʻalele wale wau i kēia mau mea a pau ka kakahiaka e noho.
Loaʻa nā mea a pau i ka pō, i ke kakahiaka he like ia me kēia:
Huli ʻia ka kānana. A laila ua maopopo loa ua kānana nui ka kānana Deshmanian. Aia ka aquarium i loko o ka mea mālama i kā lākou mea, a me kāna ʻōmū a me ka buzz pale i nā keiki mai hiamoe.
Hele i mea hana lima no ka mea he quieter. Ua hoʻopiʻi ka kānana hou i kahi pane he nui, akā me kahi ʻōhumu ua kū ʻole ʻia ka pilikia.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻia iaʻu e mālama i ka lewa ʻana o ka ea i ka liʻiliʻi a hoʻopaʻa i ka kānana i neʻe ka mea mai ʻō mai ai, e like me ka wā e hana ana i nā nalu liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻala ma luna o ka ʻili. Ua like he mea a lawa kēia e ka saturate me ka oxygen. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilikia hū. I kekahi manawa ke lūlū wau ia i nā puffs, no laila, no kahi bonus i flora a me nā manu.
ʻO ka mea kūlohelohe, ua luhi nā keiki i ka nānā ʻana i nā lāʻau i loko o ka wai a hoʻomaka lākou e noi iaʻu no nā mea ola. ʻO ka heluhelu ʻana e pono ai nā honu ke peʻe i kahi, ua hoʻoholo wau e haʻalele iā lākou no ka manawa hope. Hoʻohui hou ia i nā hua laha o Eleocharis - mauʻu ma ke ʻano o kahi hū, hoʻoluʻu.
Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole ia e hana e like me ke kiʻi i ka kiʻi, akā nā mea kūʻai aku o ka eleocharis e hāʻawi i ka hana ʻole.
No laila, e ʻae nei i ke ʻano hoʻokolohua, kūʻai aku au i nā neon a me nā nahele. A me kekahi iʻa. E ʻae iaʻu i kahi iʻa iʻa. Ua hoʻomaka au. ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā keiki i ka aquarium no hoʻokahi hola. Hoʻopili lākou i ke aniani a nānā i kēlā me kēia neʻe o ka iʻa.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻolei nā keiki i nā ʻili, ʻoka i waena o nā mea pāʻani mai kahi huakaʻi a i ke kai. Pono wau e kahakaha no nā ʻano lole.
ʻAʻole i haʻalele iaʻu ka manaʻo i ka honu. Manaʻo wau e hoʻāʻo. Malia paha he mea maʻamau ia lākou, aia nā mea kanu, ʻaʻohe mea āpau. Hūnā ma waena o ka "loko" i kahi e ʻai ai. ʻIke wau i nā hua ʻala popoki ma Avito (damn, ʻo lākou nei, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kou noʻonoʻo). Ka-lawe. Ua hoʻomaka au.
A laila hoʻomaka ka bacchanalia like. ʻO ka ʻai, hoʻokoe ʻia i ke koko, nā ʻokiʻī a me nā ʻoki me nā poʻo.
Ua mālama aku ʻo Neons i ka honu i kahi mea i waho ʻole, nānā, ʻili ʻia.
A eia ke kakalaioa. Ua pā akula lākou iā lākou, ma ka honu, me he mea lā ʻaʻole wau i hanai iā lākou i hoʻokahi pule. I ka pōpopo he ʻoliʻoli ia. Kii aku ke kākalaioa iā lākou ma luna o ka hale kai. ʻOiai ʻo kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka waha liʻiliʻi, ua kāwili nā kākā i nā ʻāpana a me ka swam i ka hoʻāʻo e ʻā.
Nānā pū mākou a pau me nā maka ākea a me nā waha. Ua hilahila wau - he aha ka mea e ʻōlelo aku ai i nā keiki. Akā naʻe, ʻano like lākou iā lākou iho e pili ana i ke koho kūlohelohe. Ua wehewehe ʻo ia ma ka hopena, me he mea lā, he ʻino ke ao, a laila.
I ka holoʻokoʻa, ma 20 mau minuke mai 10 mau honu i haʻalele iā 4! I ka pō, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia he ʻelua ʻia. A ia lā aʻe ua loaʻa iaʻu ʻelua mau mea, hūnā maikaʻi. Malia paha e ola lākou ma ka eleocharis.
Manaʻo wau pehea e ala ai ka mauʻu, e hoʻāʻo hoʻi au e kanu i nā kūpeʻe.
Mahalo i kou heluhelu! Mahalo i kaʻulaʻula! =)
ʻĀpoki iʻa: mai hua a iʻa iʻa pākahi
Hoʻoholo wau e kaʻana like me ʻoe i nā ʻikepili o ka lawaiʻa spkled (Corydoras paleatus) mai nā hua a i ka iʻa pākeke.
I Nowemapa 2019, ua kau aku kahi hua iʻa a wahine ʻōpio i waiho i nā hua, hoʻokomo wau i ka hua manu i loko o kahi pahu a hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i kahi hōʻike kiʻi.
I ke kiʻi ma lalo nei hiki ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kīkī palika a pākaʻi i loko o ka hua.
ʻO nā kiʻi ma lalo nei e hōʻike i ka pala o ka makahiki hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku.
A he wahine ʻelemakule:
Kaʻu equa a spawning neon
Aloha kākou kela kanaka. No laila, ʻo kahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina.
He ʻelua o Pelviks. Ua ʻike au i ka palaoa i ka aqua ʻona wale nō 1 manawa. Pono au makemake ʻaʻole e hoʻohua.
Heluhelu kekahi. Ua like lākou me ka lapalapa. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ke nānā aku i nā ulū i loko o ka wai i hoʻolaʻa a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i ka wai mālama i 20 liter.
Pale pale neon. ʻAʻohe ona pale uhi i ke kūlanakauhale (a kokoke pū kekahi). Akā paʻa ʻia, i kauoha ʻia mai kahi wahi ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei au e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu i ka hana ʻana i kēia. Hana wau e like me ka ʻike mai kahi Pūnaewele: hoʻomākaukau i ka wai me ph i ka ʻaoʻao 6.1, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana. Lūlū ʻo ia i ʻelua kāne a me nā wahine ʻelua i loko o kahi aqua he 20 pā. ʻO ka lalo o ka papahele. Inā loaʻa nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hakakā - e hoʻolohe wau i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.
Aqua iho: 120 pālolo lepo. Hoʻololi nā kukui i ka uila ma ka ka mea mana me ka hoʻolālā o ka lā / lā a me ka lā. Pahu ka kānana, hāʻawi ʻia nā co2.
ʻO nā cichlids ʻAmelika - Māhele 2: Astronotuses
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he pākuhi nui loa o nā huki nui ma ka loko aku, a laila he ʻano maikaʻi kēia kēia no ʻoe. Ma Lūkia, ʻoi aku ka pololei ma nā mea kanu Soviet, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hele kokoke i nā makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa o ka makahiki iwakālua. A ma ʻEulopa, kokoke he 30 mau makahiki ma mua. Mai ia wā aku, ʻoiai me ka nui o ka nui, e ulu nui ana ko lākou kaulana. Ma ke kūlohelohe, hiki ke loaʻa nā astronotuses ma nā wai hāmele "ʻeleʻele" o ʻAmelika Hema, no ka laʻana, ma ka Amazon a me Rio Negro. I kekahi mau'āina, e like me ka United States, ʻo Astronotuses ka mea e ʻoki ai i ka lawaiʻa hākinakina, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i piha o ʻAmelika, akā i nā wahi hema wale nō, kahi lākou i kūleʻa ai me ka maikaʻi.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma mua nei, nui ka iʻa, ma ke ʻano maoli ka nui o 40 cm, ma loko o nā loko wai e pili ana he 25, akā ʻike kekahi mau kanaka nui loa. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kino oval i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope me nā pulima elongated nui. He poʻo convex i haʻi ʻia me nā maka nui. ʻO ke kala laulā ākea mai ka hina-brown i ka uliuli, ka mea e laha ʻia ai nā wahi melemele o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Ma ke kumu nui o ka pu caudal, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi ʻāpana nui me ka rim ʻoniʻula, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i ka astronotus i kekahi inoa kikoʻī - "ocular". Aia nō hoʻi nā ʻano hua puaa. ʻO ka nīnau maʻamau i nīnau ʻia e nā aquarist - nā mea ʻaluna astronotus - heʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o nā astronotuses hiki ke paʻakikī i ka paʻakikī, ʻo ka manaʻo nui ke lilo i nā hōʻailona ʻike. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i nā kāne i loaʻa ke kala a me ka kino ʻoi aku ka nui, akā ʻaʻole kēia mau mea e hāʻawi i kahi 100% hōʻoia. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kāne a me ka wahine me ka hilinaʻi wale nō i ka manawa o ka spawning - nā ʻano wahine i wahine ʻo ovipositor.
Aʻo ka ʻike, pono nā astronotuses i kahi aquarora ākea, maikaʻi loa mai 500 lita. ʻAe, mālama ʻia nō hoʻi lākou ma nā aquariums 250 mau, i kekahi manawa ma nā mea liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole wau e kapa ia i nā ʻano maʻamau. ʻOiai ke hiki i kēia mau ʻōlapa ke alakaʻi i ka "huki" ʻana o ka iʻa, nā maʻi a hiki i ka make mua hoʻi. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuka ka astronotuses i nā huahana he nui, kahi e kahe ana i ka nui o nā ammonia, nitrites a me nitrates i ka wai. ʻO kahi mea hou i ka manaʻo nui o ka lehulehu ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka iʻa ma ka maka, a i ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi ʻaina maʻamau e kūʻai i ka hui o 4-6 mauʻa, a ma hope o ke ʻano ʻana o ka ʻaelike, waiho lākou i ka mea maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ke koena ka ossevat a kūʻai ʻia paha. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka ʻōpio ʻōpio ua like like ʻole me kona mau mākua, akā ʻaʻole hoihoi. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka pā, ua hele maikaʻi lākou me nā kaola aku o nā mea aku aku, akā i ka wā i hiki ai lākou i ka 10-12 sentimika ka lōʻihi, lilo lākou i mea ʻole i ka wā a ua mālama pono lākou i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe mai nā iʻa. E like me nā hoalauna, hiki ke ʻāpai ʻia nā iʻa nui loa - cichlosis nui, synodonts, pterygoprichitis, etc. Me nā mea kanu, hiki ke kū aʻe nō hoʻi nā pilikia - e ʻai ʻia a ʻoki ʻia paha. Akā inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohui i nā greens, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho i nā mea kanu lāʻau palupalu a ʻoluʻolu paha. E makemake ana ʻo Astronotus e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻoihana i loko o ka hale aku, ʻo nā mea āpau i paʻa ʻole e neʻe a hū paha. Akā i ka laulā, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke mālie a mālie, a i kekahi manawa hilahila hoʻi. ʻO ka poʻe a pau e loaʻa i nā ʻikepili ke hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou naʻauao a me ka maʻalahi. ʻAʻole lākou he picky e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai, akā naʻe, pono e hōʻoia i ka filtration maikaʻi, e pili ana i ke koi ʻana, a me nā loli maʻamau o 20-30% o ka wai i hoʻokahi pule. Pono ka palupalu. Ph mai ka 6.5 a i ka 7.5. ʻO ka mahana wai ka wai mai 22 a 28 mau kekelē. No kēia mau mea ʻaʻa, kūpono nā ʻano meaʻai, mai ka ʻoluʻolu make a i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo maka (koe wale nō no ka ʻai o nā holoholona mahana, a i ʻole hoʻi pinepine). Me ka nui o ka momona ʻole, ka moni ʻana, ka ʻuma a me nā iʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me nā meaʻai like ʻole, noho nā astronotuses i loko o ka hale loko no kahi 15 makahiki.
Kekahi mau ʻike a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo:
• He ʻīpihi loa ʻo Astronotus ma Thailand, ma nā hale he nui, nā keʻena a me nā hale pule aia nō kekahi wai me ka astronotus.
• I ka pae ʻana o nā lehelehe i ke kapa, ua ʻike nui lākou i kekahi mau kānaka ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa e hele mai i ka hakakā no nā panalāʻau,
• Kānā ʻia e mālama i nā astronotuses i loko o ka mea kanu i uhi ʻia me ka uhi. ʻO kēia mau iʻa i mea ʻano ʻai ma ke ʻano a me ka alualu ʻana i ka lele
• ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā ʻalepona me nā iʻa muliwai, hiki ia ia ke lawe i nā maʻi i pilikia no kēia ʻano.
Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka wā popolika, lele pinepine nā astronotuses, a me ka nui o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka hua. ʻO nā pōhaku ākea nui e lawelawe i ka substrate no ka caviar. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā mea hana nā pōhaku a lākou e makemake ai, ma kahi e kau ai nā hua ma hope. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka spawning e ka piʻi o ke mahana ma ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻano like ʻole me ka ʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka iʻa i loko o kēia manawa ua lilo ka meaʻala. ʻAʻole hana ka hoʻōla i nā maʻi. Hoʻopili ke wahine i ka nui o ka hua ma ka lālani i ka lālani i ka pōhaku. Ua hōʻea ko lākou helu a keu a keu aku. ʻO nā Astronotuses kekahi o nā mākua mālama pono loa. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā hua - e hoʻomaha lākou i ka wai a puni ka hua e hiki mai ana, e hoʻolei i kā lākou pala, hōʻole i nā hua i hala a mālama pono ʻia i nā ʻōpū o ka hatching. ʻO ka mea mahalo, i nā lā mua o ka palaoa, mau ka makua i kahi huna hānai, e like me discus. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, komo ke aniani i ka laʻa o ka wai wai a hoʻomaka eʻauʻau a hānai ʻoluʻolu ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi mua no lākou he artemia, nā pīkopa liʻiliʻi a me ka daphnia, a ma hope o hoʻokahi pule ua hiki ke hānai iā lākou me ka tubule. Hoʻokahi koke ka pīkī o ka astronotuses akā naʻe, me ka pīkī me ka ʻōpio ke ʻano nui e ʻōlohelohe ʻia e ka nui o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ale ʻole i ko lākou mau hoahānau liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ia paha, ʻo ia wale nō kaʻu mea i makemake ai e haʻi aku i kēia lā.
Inā he mea e hoʻohui a i ʻole paha e hoʻoponopono iaʻu, a laila e kākau i nā ʻōlelo.
A hui hou nō!
Loaʻa nā puna aku ka puna aku. Māhele 3
E hoʻomaka kākou i kēia lā nuku liʻiliʻi me kahi moss liʻiliʻi - Monosolenium. Hiki ke loaʻa ma Taiwan, India, China, Iapana a me Thailand. ʻO Moss monosolenium kekahi ʻano o ka fossil ola kahiko ma waena o nā mea kanu, kahi mea i ʻike pinepine ʻole i ka helehelena, akā ua lilo i mea kaulana i waena o nā aquarist. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā moss monosolenium me nā lau e like like me ka ʻumi o nā riccia. Eia nō naʻe, he lāleō kaheʻe ʻana o ka riccia, a no laila ke kūleʻa nei ʻo ia i mea e pono ai kahi mea kanu ālaona. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka monosolenium ma mua o ka wai, a no laila e noho mau ma ka lalo, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ke ʻano o ka paʻa ʻana, a hiki koke i ka ulu ʻana, e pālahalaha a puni ka hale o ka aquarium, e hana ana i nā uluna laumaʻomaʻo maikaʻi loa i lalo. Eia nō naʻe, palupalu a ʻo ka moss ka mea i maʻalahi i ka wā i ka holo ʻana, no laila he hana maʻalahi ʻole ka ʻāina kumu i ka pahu aku. No ka hoʻoikaika i kēia hana, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka mea kanu i ka pōhaku a i ʻole a snag me ka laina lawaiʻa a e lūlū pū ma waena o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i ʻole ka ʻoka ʻole o ka iʻa. I ka loko aku, nā mos monosolenium i ʻōnaehana like me nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ke anawaena ākea, me nā ʻohu a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kenimika. He nani loa, nānā ke kala me ke ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻoulu ka mea kanu i kahi ākea ākea mai 5 a 30 degere Celsius. Hiki i nā mokulele Monosolenium ke ulu i nā kukui a i ke kukui māmā, i ka wai paʻakikī a palupalu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, hoʻomohala ʻia ka monosolenium moss i kahi hoʻolālā lōʻihi a hiki i 3 centimeters, me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a hiki i 5 mm, a nānā ʻia aku nā mea hoʻonaninani. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Rhizoids ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kumu moss, me ke kōkua o ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea kanu me nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā mea hana paha. Aia i lalo o nā kūlana i ka loko o ke kaakui, e like me ka mālamalama ikaika a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻona, ua nui nā pūpū nui a inā paʻa ʻole ka moss, hiki iā ia ke holo i ka maka. Hiki ke ulu na monosolenium i loko o ka terrarium wai a i ʻole i loko o nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma nā pukaaniani. Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka ʻano o ke kai i lalo o ka wai, akā heʻai he ʻano wale nō ia. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia kēia moss e ka iʻa, akā hiki iā lākou ke pālahalaha aku iā lākou ma ka hale kai.Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka mea kanu ma mua a i ʻole i hope, i mea e hoʻonaninani no nā ʻāina ākea.
Ua kapa ʻia nā moʻo Kalikimaka ma hope o nā lau, like like me ke ʻano like me nā lālā o ka puna. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kēia wale ka moss ka palena e like me nā conifers. Kūleʻa ka lōkeke Kalikimaka i nā snags a me nā pōhaku, mālama ʻia i ka papa o ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, a ʻae maʻalahi me ka hoʻonaninani i nā haircuts. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu ʻana e hilinaʻi i nā kūlana o ka paʻa: ma lalo o ke aniani ka ulu ʻana o ka moss, e ulu iki ka moss, a me ke ʻano ʻana o kona ʻano, ʻaʻole e like me nā lālā peʻa, i ke kukui mālamalama ka palu. ʻO kekahi o ka mea mua e hoʻohana i kēia mosa i ka loko i loko o Iapana. Ma ke ala, hiki mai nā ʻano he nui o nā mokala i loko o nā ʻukena mākaia mai Lūkia. Nā hiʻohiʻona hōʻoluʻolu: ka wai wai mai 24 a i 30 ° C, pH mai 6 a 7.5. Mai ka palupalu o ka hoʻomālamalama mai ka palupalu a hiki i ka mālamalama, eia naʻe ma lalo o ka mālamalama ikaika, e noho ka filament ma waena o nā lālā o ka moss, i ka mea hiki ke paʻakikī ke wehe i kekahi. Ua kue ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hiki ʻana o ka hānai ʻona i ke kalapona; a ʻoi wale ka pili i ka ulu o ka ulu. Pono e hamama ka wai, me ka haunaele a me ka pohō ʻana. E kōkua ʻo Shrimp i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka moss Kalikimaka mai ka bio-waste. He kōkua maikaʻi kēlā kamaʻilio ʻana: he nui nā alapine me ka mokupua, he wahi mālama maikaʻi loa ia, ka nui momona a me ka substrate no ka wili ʻana, a kōkua ke kanu lāʻau i ka maʻemaʻe iā lākou iho. Hoʻolaha ʻo Moss ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana a i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i kahi wahi hou, kahi ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi e ʻōwili koke ʻia ai. Ke lohi nei ka nui o ka ulu. ʻO ka mea hou nei, ua lilo i mea maʻalahi e hoʻonohonoho i ka pā o ka moss i loko o ka aku. Kūpono ia ʻano hana like ʻole ia a ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka ʻike kūikawā a me nā kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi mai ka aquarist. Hoʻopono kūpono i kēia a me kahi momi Kalikimaka, kahi i waiho ʻia ma waena o ʻelua ʻāpana o ke aniani me ka nui ʻāpana ʻaʻa. Kuhi ʻia kēia hoʻolālā me ka laina lawaiʻa a hoʻopili ʻia ma ka pā o ka hale o ka aquarium. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ulu ka moss ma o ka ʻupena, e hana ana i kahi kāʻei kupanaha o nā lau triangular.
E huli mākou i nā ʻenehana mowali kaulana loa - Taiwanese. Nā hiʻohiʻona hōʻoluʻolu: ka wai o ka wai mai 15 a i 28 ° С, KH mai 2 a 14 °, pH mai 5 a 8. Hiki ke hoʻomālamalama mai ka māmā a i ka ikaika. Ke kiʻekiʻe ka ulu ʻana o ka moss o Taiwanese, ulu maikaʻi ia i ka substrate a ʻaʻole ia he paʻakikī i ka wā e mālama ʻia ana i ka aquarium. I kekahi manawa ke hāʻawi aku nei nā mea kūʻai aku e like me Mini Moss, akā like like ia me ka Kalikimaka. ʻIke nā Zoologists i ka ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o nā pua: no ka moss Kalikimaka, aia ka lālā o kahi lālā he ʻano triangular maʻamau, aʻo ka mea o Taiwanese he liʻiliʻi ka hapa maʻamau.
Eia nō naʻe, ua like kēia moʻolelo a pau me ka moʻo nui lehulehu, no ka mea ke ulu ʻana ka mika Kalikimaka i nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, nalowale nā lālā i ko lākou ʻano triangular maʻamau a lilo e like me nā māhoe o Taiwanese. Kahi helu 'ana o nā mosses e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka helehelena, kū mua o ka vein i nā lau, ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka lau o ka lau, ka ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻoka ma ke kumu o ka lau, ʻano ʻano (cylindrical a i ʻole hoʻi) ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma mua o ka hapalua o lākou me ka ʻole o kahi microscope, nā kiʻi no ka hoʻohālikelike a me kekahi nui o ka ʻike. Hoʻohui, hiki ke loli ʻē i ke ʻano o nā mosses i nā kūlana o ka paʻa. ʻO nā mole aku i loko, e like me nā mea kanu aku e like me nā mea kanu he nui, hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano, ke ʻano o ka puhi ʻana a me ke ʻano o ka lau inā ulu lākou i ka lawena ʻana. He nui nō nā inoa kālepa no nā mosses ka loaʻa ʻole o ka inoa inoa Latin.
Ke hoʻopau nei kēia i kahi pilikia liʻiliʻi o kēia lā. ʻAe, loaʻa iaʻu nā nūhou maikaʻi no ʻoe - ʻĀnō e hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā wikiō ma kā mākou hakahaka. No laila, e ʻike koke iā ʻoe! A mahalo i nā poʻe a pau no ke nānā ʻana!
Loaʻa nā puna aku ka puna aku. Māhele 2
Aloha ʻAo! Ke hoʻomau nei ke kiʻi iā Aquazum zooportal iā ʻoe me nā mosses puna aku.
Waiwai wai, pālahalaha loa ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻApika, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Aia kekahi ma waena o Lūkia, no ka laʻana, ma ka ʻObinsk Reservoir. ʻO kēia mea kanu nani, ma ke ʻano o nā pōpō uliuli mālamalama o nā nui like ʻole, e kahe ana ma luna o ka wai o nā wai, i kau ʻia nā papa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Pono ʻo Richia i kahi mālamalama kukui i luna. Hiki iā ia ke kūpaʻa i nā haʻahaʻa holomua mai ka 15 a 25 degere me ka pilikia ʻole. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ia i loko o ka wai palu me ke kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa alkaline. Me ka paʻakikī o ka wai nui ma mua o 8 °, ulu ka ulu o riccia. E hoʻopuka nui hou ia, e uhi ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai me kahi kalaka mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau o nā tangles me nā papa e hoʻopōhoihoi ʻia ma luna o ka wai. I ka hoʻoilo, keʻole o ka hoʻomālamalama hou, ua hāwahi ʻo richia i loko o nā papa kala liʻiliʻi, e hōʻea ana i kahi pana hou i ka pūnāwai. No ka hoʻohālikelike i ka ricchia, ua lawa ia e ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a waiho i ka punohu wai maikaʻi i luna o ka wai o ka wai. Maikaʻi ʻo Riccia he ʻona maikaʻi loa no ka palaoa, kahi wahi no ka lawena ʻana o nā cyclin spawning a me nā lako no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻiʻo. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hiki i ka hakakā ʻo ka ricchia ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka pae ʻāina. Akā hiki i kēia mea kanu ke hana i ka uhi ʻāina ma nā hana ma mua. Ua kākau ʻo Takashi Amano i kekahi o kāna puke e hoʻopili ai i kēia mea kanu ʻole e pili ana i ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pōhaku lepo liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka driftwood, kahi i haki ʻia ai ka manuahi i nā wā he nui i ka wā e hoʻopiʻi ai iā ia me kahi kaula milo a i ʻole laina lawaiʻa. ʻAʻole ka palahalaha a me ka laina lawaiʻa ʻulaʻula (maikaʻi a i ʻole ka aniani a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha) a mai kahi mea ʻaʻole e pohō i ka wai. Ke ulu nui nei nā lālā rika ma mua o nā palena a ma hope o ka manawa e pani ai lākou. ʻO kahi pahu me kahi pūpū waiwai e hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi pupu lau māla maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, kahi e hui pū ai me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano o kahi kālou pōmaikaʻi i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻeke kala kala o nā oxygen.
Mākou Pahi a Spiky paha
Nā pihi mike i nā ʻōpū kūleʻa o Asia Hema. Aloha ʻo ia i ka ʻāina māla a loaʻa i nā wahi a me nā kahe, a ʻike ʻia i loko o ka wai a me ka wai i lalo o ka wai. Noho loa ia ma kahi hohonu, hoʻopili ʻia i nā pōhaku a me nā ʻalā. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā Aquarist i kahi spike moss he mea kanu mua. Ke lohi nei ka nui o ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻohālike ka mea like me ka hiʻohiʻona i ka mole Kalikimaka, akā ʻo nā lau o nā mea i nui, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi. ʻO nā wana he kūlike i ka like, like me ka lāʻau Kalikimaka liʻiliʻi, a me ka lālā waena a me nā lālā lālā o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO ka lau oval, he paʻakikī, maloʻo, me kahi hopena koʻikoʻi. Me nā kukui maikaʻi, ʻo nā moss o ka adhesions ka hoʻopuni ʻana i nā kaʻina hulu lōʻihi, ka lalo o ka wai me nā poʻokela a i nā kenimika a kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i nā heihei moss i loko o ka aquarium he maʻalahi. ʻO nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu no ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano, he wai me ka wai ʻona ma kahi kikoʻī ma lalo nei: nā wai wai mai ka 15 a i ka 24 ° C, ka pH mai ka 6 a i ka 8.5, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka paʻakikī. Ke ulu nui nei nā pipi i ka wai me ka wai hoʻohālike, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻole e hānai me nā carbon dioxide. ʻO ke kukui haʻahaʻa e alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka ululāʻau, ka wā kahiko a me ka ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻōpū o lalo, kahi e pono ke neʻe ʻia. Ua hoʻonāukiuki ka mālamalama ikaika i ka ulu ʻana o ke ola o ka mikroskopika, e hiki ke hōʻino i ka moss. I ka iakou, ʻo ka komissure ka moss e lilo i wahi no ka pēpē a me ka honu. ʻO nā pua nani e nānā nui i ke kua a i ʻole ma nā ʻeke a me nā pōhaku. Ke hoʻomau nei i kahi helehelena nani, hoʻōla ʻia ka moss. Ke hoʻololi nei i ka hoʻolālā, maʻalahi ka moss ma ka substrate i ka hoʻonohonoho hou. Akā ʻaʻole kōkua ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōpiopio e like me kahi mākeke.
Hiki ke mālama wale ʻia ka moss kūlima e nā mea inu mākaukau i loaʻa. ʻO ka ulu maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolālā e pono ai ka ʻike nui a me nā mākaukau. I mea e pono ai ke koi ʻia o nā paʻa paʻa, pono ʻoe e hoʻoikaika i kahi nui.Akā, ʻo ka manawa a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e uku koke aku - e hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mea kanu i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui me kona maikaʻi. ʻO nā biotopes waiū o Singapore a me Malaysia i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻāina hānau pono e kū ana. Hōʻike ka inoa o kona ʻano: nā ʻ strivelelo a nā kumu lāʻau kūʻē ikaika. He mea nui ia ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka moss e kū pono ai i nā ʻāpana wai i loko o ka mea kanu i nā waiwai ʻoluʻolu: ke kauwela mai 18 a 24 mau kekela, pH mai 6 a 7.5, kH mai 1 a 10. He maʻalahi a ikaika paha ka kukui. ʻO ka kūpaʻa kūwaho ka lohi wikiwiki ʻana, ʻaʻole hopohopo i ka ulu wikiwiki mai ia mea. E lilo i ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka moss i kāna mau hiʻona maoli maoli.
Moss string a thong ole
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Moss String kekahi o nā ʻano kuʻuna maʻamau a lehulehu o nā mosses. Loaʻa ia ma Antarctica, ma ʻEulopa ma Caucasus, Rusia, ka Far East, Asia, Africa, a me Australia. He mau hiʻohiʻona ʻelua o ke kaula: ʻo ka mua - ulu wale kēia moss i luna, ʻaʻohe mea nui i nakinaki ʻia i kahi substrate, ʻo ka lua - aia nā hua lāʻau nui, e ulu ana a hiki i 15-20 kenimika. Ma muli o kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona, he paʻakikī ʻo String moss me ka huki me nā mosses ʻē aʻe, a i ka kanu ʻana i nā mahele ʻokoʻa, maʻalahi ke hana ʻana i nā kolamu a i nā hale kiaʻi ma ka aquarium. Ma muli o kāna māla maʻalahi a me nā waiwai hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka moss ʻaʻole i ka aquarist ʻike wale nō, akā no hoʻi i nā mea hoʻomaka. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke aʻo aku nei mākou iā ʻoe e lilo i mea hope loa e kūʻai i kahi String ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana, e aʻo i kona mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā pono, e hoʻoholo ai inā kūpono ia no kāu aquarium. ʻO Moss String i hoʻolauna polū, palupaluma nā papahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO kahi pahu 15-20-kenimika, e kū pinepine ma ka papa aku i ka lepo, a e hoʻomoʻi kū ʻole wale i ka ʻili. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lau i nā lālani ʻelua ma ke alapine, hiki ke huli i ka ʻaoʻao like. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pā 3.5 mm ka lōʻihi o kahi kikoʻī. Kahi wale ka lau o ka lau keʻokeʻo, a ulu wale ka waena o ka lau. ʻAʻole pili pono ʻo Moss String i ka waihona, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula kapron i nā ʻāpana o ka pele a i ʻole nā mele paha. Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoluʻolu: ka mahana o ka wai mai ka 18 a i ka 28 ° С, kH mai 4 a 14 °, pH mai 6 a 8. Hiki i ka kānana pilala a me ka mīkini. ʻO nā kukui uila mai kahi haʻahaʻa a ikaika loa. Hoʻopili ke kukui, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka moss.
Wehe ʻia nā kumulāʻau mai Kina, i hoʻomaka mua ʻia e nā aquarist ʻAmelika. Aia ke ulu a 3 mau kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe, ākea ka laulā o ka nahele, he 5 cm, he ʻōlehu pua ʻōlehu ʻalani e like me nā lālā o ka puʻu uwē, no ia i loaʻa ai kona inoa. Ua ʻokoʻa ka ulu ulu ʻana. Ma ka ʻāpana, ʻo ke ʻano o nā lau e uwē ana me ka mole, he like ʻole me ka Kalikimaka, ʻoiai he hapa nā lau o ka ʻāmē wīwī me ke liʻiliʻi a ʻo ka piliki i ka hope ʻaʻole keu. Nā hiʻohiʻona hōʻoluʻolu: ka wai wai mai ka 22 a i ka 28 ° C, ka pH mai 5.5 a 8, KH mai 6 a 14. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kūleʻa me nā ʻōmole kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 32 ° C, me ka pau ʻole o kona helehelena ʻokoʻa, eia naʻe ke huli paha nā lālā manu. Hoʻokomo ʻia me ka hoʻōla a me ke kalapona i ka ulu ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻano o nā mea kanu. Kūleʻa ka ʻōpū i ka miki haʻahaʻa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i nā aquariums. Pono ia e mālama i ke pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hāmeʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wai. ʻO kekahi hemahema o nā mea ponoʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i ka like o ke algae ma ka moss. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā ʻūlū leo ma luna o nā ʻōpū, no laila ua hoʻomohala nā kolo i nā loiloi a hoʻohālikelike i ka aquarium. No ka hana wikiwiki no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laina lawaiʻa a i ʻole ʻele a kapron. Ke pau ʻana i ke kāhiko ʻana i ka ʻumea me kahi wē uwē, hoʻomanawanui - pono ka lāʻau kanu i kekahi mau hebedoma e kūpono i kahi wahi hou. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, pono paha e ʻoki i ka moss me nā ʻoki.
Pākuʻi kikowaena. Māhele 1
Inā ua hoʻoholo mua ʻoe e lawe i nā mosses i ka ʻoihana, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe no lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā mosses a kanu ʻia i loko o ka herbalist. ʻO ke kumu no ke ʻano hōʻeha o ka moss ma ka pākona ākea he mea loli paha kahi wai a i ʻole ka nui o nā pōmole.Pono ka wai i loko o ka ʻikena no nā mosses me ka maʻa liʻiliʻi, me ka liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa o ka waihona mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole i kūpono nā mana ʻaʻī. Nui nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻoiʻu e kōkua i ka aquarist e mālama i ka ʻano o nā mosses, e ʻohi ana i nā litter mai nā hua pua. Ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o ka lōkō ʻana o ka wai, ke ka ʻole o nā ʻōpū stagnant, ʻaʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i nā moʻo me ka ikaika o ka manawa. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi kānana kūloko liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole pono kahi ulana msharnik. Maikaʻi, he kūpono ka lawelawe ʻana o ka aquarium i ke kauwela wela. ʻO ka lepo ma ka aku i loko o nā mosses e pono kūlike i ka chemically. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i nā quartz chips a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻēheu a me nā ʻōpio coral, e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ka wai a hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea hao. Ma ke ala, pono nā pōhaku a me nā mea i hana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā moʻo. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻo Siphon i ka lepo, pale i ka siltation.
Ua loaʻa ka kaulana moss o ka Java i loko o ka haleakou no kona helehelena nani, hoʻomanawanui, unpretentiousness a me ka maʻalahi o ka mālama. Ma kahi biotope kūlohelohe, he maʻamau ka moss Java i ka ʻōpala o ka hema o Asia, ma Malaysia, India, ʻo Philippines a me Java. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻōiwi Java i nā ʻāina maloʻo a maloʻo, ma ka ʻāina, ma nā pōhaku, ma nā ʻōpala lāʻau, i kekahi manawa ma nā kapa kipa. He laula maloʻo leʻo Java. Loaʻa kēia hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ka nui o nā kumu lāʻau, lōʻihi, branched a me ke anuanu, ma kēlā me kēia he nui nā lau liʻiliʻi e ulu pono ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO ka 4 mm ka lōʻihi o nā lau lau. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā mea kanu i nā ʻoniʻoni kūmole o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo saturated. ʻO ka meaʻokoʻa o kēia mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono ia e kanu ʻia i ka lepo: hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili iā ia i kekahi wahi i ka aquarium - driftwood, pōhaku - a hoʻomau ka ulu mau hou. Hiki ke maʻalahi i ka waiho i ka ʻāina a waiho iā ia e ʻauʻau i ka kolana wai. I ke kūlohelohe, pili pono ʻole ia i kahi kākoʻo paʻa; i loko o ka lāʻau aku, ua hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia. Kahiʻi a nani hoʻi nā moss ka Java, aneane hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana wai. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia i ka lepo i ka ʻulima. ʻAʻole kūpono i ka kukui, hiki ke ʻae i ka dimming no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke nānā aku nei kona nani a nani hoʻi i lalo o ke kukui. ʻO ka mahana māla wai kaila ma 22 a 30 ° C. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui, akā akā pau ka ulu ʻana o ka moss i loko o ka wai anuanu. I ka laulā, ulu ka mea ulu i ka makahiki. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka acidity a me ka paʻakikī o ka wai. Mālama pinepine nā ʻōpala ʻo nā kahuʻi i loko o ka hale kaena i loko o kahi pānaʻi maikaʻi loa no nā iʻa he nui, ʻoiai paha i iʻa a i ʻole nā mea honu. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ka papahele no ka iʻa spawning. Hōʻalo ʻia ka Caviar ma waena o kona mau lau i ka iʻa e hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi a ʻai ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka aquarium a i ʻole nā lau nui a me nā mea kanu rarer. ʻO ka pinepine loa, ʻo ka moss ka Java e hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumulāʻau i ke keokeo, nā barbs, a me nā ua. Noho maikaʻi nā ciliates i loko, ʻo ia kahi meaʻai maikaʻi loa no ka palaoa i kā lākou mau lā mua o ke ola. E mālama i nā moss Java i loko o kāu kaaniani, e hoʻopili wale i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā wahi āu e makemake ai e ʻike. Eia kekahi, hiki ke ulu i ka ili. Me ke kōkua o nā lau brown liʻiliʻi, e hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka ʻāina kahi i kū ai. Kūkulu ka moss Java i nā mea kanu ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nahele makuahine. Hiki i ka maʻalahi ka hōʻoki ʻia a kanu ʻia ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e ʻōlelo i ka makemake o ka mea kanu, akā i kekahi manawa i haki ʻia i nā lālā i waiho ʻia i loko o ka hale kiaola ma hope o ka laʻana, no ka ʻoki ʻana, hiki ke ulu i loko o kahi lāʻau, ʻaʻole ia i koi mau ʻia e ka aquarist. ʻO wau ʻaʻole makemake i nā mosses. Ma ke ākea, ʻo ka mokulele Java kahi hua kanu kūpono e hoʻopili ʻia i nā pono nui o nā mea kanu aku: maikaʻi, ʻoluʻolu a me ka maʻalahi o ka hua.
ʻO Moss kahi mea kanu o ka aquarium o ko ka ʻohana Spring, kahi ulu lāʻau nani a nani hoʻi e ulu nui ana ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua, koe wale nō ʻo Australia. ʻOiai ka moss ʻaʻole he mea kanu iʻa, pinepine pinepine kona wahi noho ma nā kahawai wai, nā muliwai, nā loko, nā lūlū kī nui, ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka loli i nā kūlana ulu. Kahi pinepine, ʻike ʻia kēia lāʻau kanu ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina i loko o nā wai wai kūloko a komo maʻalahi ʻia i loko o nā hale wai home, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka helehelena kīwaha. ʻO kahi lei uliuli uliuli poholo o nā moss kīkaha ʻaʻole ia he mea nani maikaʻi loa o ka māla wai kai, akā he puʻu maikaʻi loa no ka palaoa, a he wahi punahele hoʻi no ka hoʻona ʻana i nā iʻa o nā aku aku. Ke ulu nui nei nā kīnika i nā pūʻulu nui, e hana ana i nā palupalu openwork nani, hoʻonani maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻikena. Ma lalo o nā kūlana piʻi, hiki i kona piʻi a kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūpaʻa a hiki i 60 cm. Aia ma kahi a i ʻole ka ʻāpana ākea o nā moss i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, nā lau o ka lau oval o ka oho a me ka sima kenimika ka lōʻihi a me ka hapalua kūbita. Aia i nā kūlana e ulu ana, hiki i ka moss kī ke hoʻololi i ka nui a me keʻano o ka lau o ka lau, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa mai ka brown-red a i ka ʻono ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka mahele haʻahaʻa o ka huina e puka ai kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi-palena - rhizoids. Ma o lākou, komo nā mea kanu pono no ka lāʻau. Eia kekahi, me ke kōkua o rhizoids, pili ka mea kanu i nā mea paʻa: nā pōhaku, driftwood, a me kahi pākuhi paʻakikī. No ka meaʻa ʻole ka moss kī, ʻaʻole pono ia i kahi substrate, makemake nui ia a kahe wale ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka pou wai a me ka hoʻopili ʻana iā ia iho me kahi rhizoid i kekahi mea. I mea e loaʻa ai i ka mea kanu ke kiko, ua lawa ke kī ana iā ia i kahi anuʻu a i ʻole paha i loko o ka lua a i ʻekolu mau mahina. ʻO kahi moss kī he wā e ulu ai ka ulu a ʻo ia ke kumu nui o nā hemahema a pau e loaʻa ai ka poʻe aquarist i ka wā e ulu ana i nā mea kanu i nā ʻakihi. I ke kauwela, hiki iāʻoe ke waiho i ka moss i ka wai wai i ka 24 a me 28 degere. I ka hoʻoilo, pono i ka mea kanu ka manawa dormant, no laila, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka mahana o ka wai i ʻumi a hiki i kahi ʻumikūmālua. Inā waiho ʻia ka moss kī no ka hoʻoilo i kahi pahu wai ʻole i kulu ʻia, kahi kahi wai i ka lumi lumi, a laila ʻaʻole ola ka mea kanu - ola nō ka hoʻoilo a make hoʻi i ka hāʻule. No laila, no ka hoʻoilo, ke ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohua i ka moss kī i loko o kahi ipu ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūlana kokoke i ka kūlohelohe, e waiho ʻia i loko o kahi lumi i lalo o ka ea ma lalo o ka maʻi 10. Kuhi ʻole nā kohu koʻikoʻi ma ka acidity a me ka paʻakikī o ka wai, akā e ulu maikaʻi ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu me ka nui wai palupalu, kahi i kūlike ʻole ai ʻole he ʻano lahilahi kona. Ma waho aʻe o ka wā e ulu ai ka ulu, kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana o nā kīnaha kīwī i loko o ka wai aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai aku. No laila, e uku pono ʻia ka nānā pono ʻole i ka maikaʻi o ka filtration wai, akā hoʻi i ka koho kūpono ʻana i ka iʻa akuarium. Kūpono no ka aquarium, kahi e ulu ai ka moss, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i ka characin, carp, a i ʻole i nā iʻa e ola ai. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka iʻa a me ka mea ʻuʻuku a me ka ʻoi aku o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu loa ka māmā o ka kukui me ka pupule. Me ka nui o ke aniani ma luna o ke ʻala a me nā lau o ka mute kīkaha, hiki i kahi algae haʻahaʻa ke iho, e alakaʻi ana i ka make o ka mea kanu. Mai nā kukui kuʻuna o ke kukui, pono e uhi ʻia ka moss kī ma ke kau ʻana iā ia i ka malu mai nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka lehelehe i ka lehelehe, a ʻo ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka lōʻihi o nā hola māmā i nā hola 10-12.
ʻO ka ʻōma Moss kekahi ʻano o ka moss maoli ma Asia. ʻO ka inoa o ua mea kanu lā ma muli o kona helehelena, ʻano like me nā ʻōlelo o ka lapalapa.Hoʻoulu ke kīhāpala, ulu, hoʻokuʻu i nā pua kū lōʻihi, kahi e ulu ai lākou, e lūlū i loko o kahi kuʻekuʻe a mai kahi mamao aku nei he ʻano ahi ʻala liʻiliʻi kēia. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o nā mea kanu i nā māla aku no ka lōʻihi a hiki i 8 cm, a ʻo ka laulā a hiki i 10 cm. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau i nā 15 cm, i kēia hihia pono e hōʻoki ʻia, no ka mea ke naholo nei ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kanu. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano o nā mosses, e wikiwiki loa ka nui o ka lapalapa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka laulā. Ke ulu nei, hana i nā kumulāʻau nani e nānā nani loa i ke ʻano o nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, mālama ka lāʻau i kona nānā i ke ʻano lōʻihi no ka wā lōʻihi ʻaʻole pono ka mālama kūikawā. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma ke kanu ʻana i kahi ahi moss ma luna o nā mea hoʻonaninani i ke ʻano o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻeke. I ka hoʻopili ʻana iā lākou me ka laina lawaiʻa, kaula a hoʻohana ʻole paha i ka mesh maikaʻi, i neʻe mau ʻia kēia mau mea hana, e loaʻa ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona hou i nā manawa āpau. Kūkulu kahi mea kanu i kahi wahi hou ma hope o ka manawa pōkole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau hebedoma e ulu ikaika nei a e hana koke i ka ulu lāʻau ākea. He makemake kūpono e kanu i kahi kanu hou i loko o ka aquarium i ka wai kahiko, ma kēia hihia ke wikiwiki loa ka manawa o kāna acclimatization. Eia kekahi, i ka wai kai a i ʻole ka mea i hoʻolaʻa, ua hoʻomaka ka moss e hōʻeha a make a make pinepine. Nā hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu: ka wai i ka 20-28 ° C, ka paʻakikī dH mai ka 4 a i 9 °, ka momona pH mai 6 a 7.5. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā torsion o nā lau palu e hilinaʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakikī wai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka kānana hoʻoliʻi wai ʻoiai i kahi kikoʻī iki o ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻana i ka wai e hiki ai i ke kanu i ka make. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nā mau mea kanu ʻeke, kahi ʻimi maikaʻi i nā lālā āpau a waiho ʻole i kahi ʻōpala ma luna. E hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka moss, ka mea ʻai ʻia me ka ʻaila hānai e makemake ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia nō hoʻi e hana i kahi kahe liʻiliʻi o ka wai i loko o ka pōkole. Ulu ka lapalapa o ka moss i kekahi substrate, ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole ia e palaki nui ʻia.
Moss phoenix a wai puna wai paha, ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe e ulu i nā wai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ua loaʻa iā Moss kona inoa ma muli o kekahi mau mea like me ka pūnāwai kūlohelohe. He hiʻohiʻona nani loa kēia hiu, a ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka hilinaʻi me ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana, hiki iā ia ke noi a hiki i nā puna wai mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ka moss Phoenix ma ka papahele, mau pua nani e kū ana mai nā snags a me nā pōhaku, e hana ana i kahi pūnāwai ʻōmaʻomaʻo. No ka hoʻonaniʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona me ka moss, ua lawa ia e hoʻopaʻa i kekahi o kona mau lālā i kahi kūpono me ke kaula kaula. E mae nā ʻāpana, akā i kēlā manawa e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ai ka phoenix. Ua ulu ʻole ka Phoenix, e ulu ana i ke mahana o 15 a 28 ° C, ʻoiai ma nā kihi o kēia pāana e hoʻemi nui ana kona ulu ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka ulu ulu ʻana e ka maka uila paʻa me ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke kalapona i ka aquarium. Paipai ʻo ia i ka wai malū, me ka waikawa o ka pH mai 5.5 a 8. Pono ka nānā ʻana i ka mālo ʻana o nā mākaʻi phoenix mosa, nā mea silt i hōʻiliʻili iā lākou, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka hoʻomōhala o nā algae e kūpono nā maʻi. I ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi hale aku me nā moss, ua hoʻonoho maikaʻi loa nā lāʻau phoenix i nā kihi o ka aku o ka aquarium, akā i ka waena. No laila ua mahalo maoli ka phoenix i ka nānā, ʻoiai ke kūʻē i ka ʻano o nā kumulima ʻē aʻe.
Hoike ʻike
ʻO nā hui mua o ke ʻano Polypterus (Polypterus sp.) I kū i ka honua i loko o ka Cretaceous manawa (ma kahi o 60 miliona mau makahiki i hala). Ke hōʻike nei ka pae archaic i ke kuʻuna i ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o kēia mau iʻa - ʻaʻole ia he iwi o nā iwi, akā, ʻo ka cartilage (e like me nā ʻaka a me nā hihi). ʻO nā polypteruses, a i ʻole he hulu hulu ka iʻa, ʻelua i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi ʻia kā lākou ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i ka wā o ka hoʻokololei e like me ka pūhaka, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e hoʻohana i ka ea o ka ea ma o ke ea hanu. Mahalo i kēia adaptation, ua loaʻa i ka iʻa ka manawa e kahu mai ka hoʻomake ʻana i nā wahi hoʻomāla i nā mea piha piha. No kekahi manawa, hiki i ka polypterus ke hana me ka wai ʻole, akā a hiki i ka manawa e hoʻomōloʻo ai ko lākou kino.I nā kūlana pōkole, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ʻia ke eli i loko o ka lulileka i mea e hiki ai ke ola i ka wā maloʻo.
He hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka polypterus ka hiki ke hana me ka wai ʻole no kekahi manawa.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka polypterus, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ko lākou kumu kahiko, ʻo ka noho ʻana o nā unahi ganoid i kapa ʻia. ʻO kāna hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano ka ʻike ma ke ʻano o kahi kikoʻī kūikawā - hanoin, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lua o ka niho enamel ma ka ikaika.
Kāleka
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia, kahi polypterus i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wai ʻōlo no kona kino hāpana a me ka mua o nā nui o nā spines i ka dorsal fin (a ʻo 18 mau hapa). I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke hele i ka lōʻihi o 70 cm, akā ʻaʻole anuʻu ma mua o 40 cm ma nā aquariums.
Polythertus ornatipinis. Kāleka
Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi ikaika o nā unahi ikaika, ʻo ka hope caudal i kahi ʻano oval, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā pila ventral i ke kua o ke kino. ʻO ka ʻiʻo nā pectoral. Ua nui ka waha, nāwaliwali nā maka, akā hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā puka ihu, no laila ke hilinaʻi ka polytherus i ke ʻano o ka hamo i ka wā i kaʻai. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism seksual.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka ʻāina kahi o nā hulu manu he ʻApelika. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka muliwai ʻoihana a me ke Kupa Basin, a me nā loko he nui a me nā kahawai o West a me Equatorial Africa. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaiʻu, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i ka hoʻomaʻō ʻana i nā puddles a me nā pā.
Ma muli o ka pono e hoʻomau mau i ka ʻāpana o ka ea, makemake nui nā polypteruses e noho i ka wai anuanu. Noho lākou i ka hūnā a me ka pīhoihoi hiki ʻana i ka wai, no laila ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi mākaʻi maikaʻi o ke ʻalohi, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke holo i kahi ākea. He ʻano hānai ʻano nui ka iʻa: ke kali nei ka polygon i kāna mea pio i ka nā mānoanoa hoʻi, a hoʻokokoke ʻo ia, e hopu me ka hana ʻoi.
Polenikeu Senegalese
ʻO ka mea kaulana a kaulana nui o ka ʻanoʻano. Hoʻoulu ia i 40 cm. ʻO ka fin dorsal he 8-12 mau spines pilikino. Ke neʻe nei me ke kōkua o nā ʻiʻo pectoral kino. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hope o nā pākeke i kahi ʻaila ʻoliva like ʻole, o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao i keʻokeʻo me nā blotches. ʻEkolu a pōkole mau ʻōpiopio i ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao, a nalo loa ke ulu nei lākou. ʻO ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka aquarium no ka mālamaʻana he 200 lita. Pono kahi pale paʻa pono e pale ai i ka pakele. He paʻakikī ka hoʻoponopono houʻana i nā hale home.
Polenikeu Senegalese
Polypterus Endlicher (Tiger)
Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka tigop multiopera hiki ke 50 cm. Ua hoʻomoʻa ʻia ke kino me ke kū pono ʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ka fin dorsal e nā ʻano kikahi o nā alaloa, kahi ʻano like me kahi pangolin kahiko. Kūkulu ʻia nā poli pectoral kino, he hui o ka neʻe. ʻO ka waha ʻākau he mau hiʻohiʻona "hiʻohiʻona". Paʻa ʻia ke kino i ka waihoʻoluʻu me nā poki kūloko pōkole o kona ʻano kūlike, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka inoa kāna inoa. Ma ke poʻo a me nā pua liʻiliʻi nā pua liʻiliʻi. No ka mālama pono ʻia ʻoe e loaʻa ai i ka aquarium o 360 lita me nā keʻena he nui.
ʻO ka Endlicher Polytherus, a ʻo Tiger
Hoʻolauleʻa Delgesi
ʻO ka helehelena pālahalaha pālahalaha, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 35 cm. He keʻokeʻo kukui umauma me nā wahi ʻeleʻele o ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike. He melemele ʻo Abdomen. ʻO ka pauku dorsal ma kahi o 8-10 mau hihiu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ka ʻoki caudal fin. He ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Hoʻolauleʻa Delgesi
Polypterus ornatipinis (Koloa)
Polypterus ornatipinis, a i ʻole variegated, kekahi o nā hanu ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka aquarium. Hōʻike piha kona inoa i ka ʻano o ka ʻāpana. ʻO ke kala o ke kino nui he hina hina-ʻulaʻula me nā wahi keʻokeʻo e hana ana i ke ʻano kinomi. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻōpū, ma ke poʻo kekahi ʻōhua mesh liʻiliʻi. Ma ka pua, ua ʻike ʻia ke kahuli o nā ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ke kala ʻulaʻula kahi o nā poʻe ʻōpio a me nā pales me nā makahiki. ʻO ka pauku dorsal ka 9-11 mau umauma a hoʻomaka i kahi mamao loa mai ke poʻo. ʻO ka nui ka helu pili ʻana he 60 cm.
Polythertus ornatipinis, a i ʻole nā kala he ʻoni manuahi
ʻO multipegated multiper, ʻaʻole e like me kona mau hoahānau, he kanaka hoʻoiho ikaika.Kū pinepine ʻo ia i kāna ʻikepili. Hoʻokomo ʻo Invertebrates i ke kumu o ka meaʻai, akā hoʻomaikaʻi ka poʻe pākuhi i kahi waha nui i kahi iʻa i ka iʻa. ʻAʻole i maʻa kahi pack.
Koi a hoʻohui
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻi polypterus kaʻina he manawa nui ka manawa, a hiki i ka aquarist ʻike ke hana wale.
Hoʻopili pinepine nā spawning i ka waena waena o ke kauwela a kū a hiki i ke waena waena. I kēia manawa, hōʻike ka iʻa i nā ʻano maʻamau: hoʻomaka lākou e ʻau pūlima, hoʻopulu kūʻē i kēlā me kēia i kekahi, ʻaihue ke kāne i nā pua o ka wahine. Ma hope o kēlā mau hula, e hiki ai i nā lā he nui, ale ka wahine i nā hua ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Ma ka lalo o ka pae spawning, pono e kau i ka moss, no ka laʻana, e Java, caviar ka gli iā ia.
He mea koʻikoʻi nui ʻole e nalo i ka manawa a me ka wehe ʻana i ka moss me nā caviar i loko o kahi pahu kaʻawale, no ka mea hiki koke i nā mākua hou ke hana pū me ia. He mea nui ia aia ka hānai kūpono maikaʻi i ka hang caviar. Pono hoʻi e hana pinepine, akā liʻiliʻi (5-10%) hoʻololi i ka wai.
Puka mai nā ʻōupuʻi mai nā hua mai, e ʻai ana i ka ʻeke ʻehā no 8 mau lā. I kēia manawa, ʻano like lākou me ka tadpoles, me he mea lā he mau pū o waho. I ka mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pī, no ka mea, ʻo ka poʻe ma mua e ulu aʻe ana o kā lākou mau hoahānau e hoʻomaka e ʻili i loko o kā lākou mau kaʻi, no ka mea o lākou e make ai.
ʻO ka polypterus Juvenile he mau lāʻau ʻokoʻa
I ka hiki ʻana i ka nui o 5 cm, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lā o kēlā me kēia lā a hoʻololi i ka meaʻai maloʻo.
He aha ka nānā ʻana o ka wai wai
Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka polypteruses mua, nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana o ka inoa ʻo Polypterus, i noho i ka honua me ka manawa o ka Cretaceous. ʻO ke ʻano o nā kuʻuna o ke kuʻuna, e loaʻa ana i ka cartilage (e like me nā stingrays a sharks paha), e ʻōlelo pū ana me ka wā kahiko. Maʻa ʻoni nā manu pālua i pālua. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua lawe kā lākou ʻauʻau kaukau i ke ʻano o ka pūhaka, no laila hiki i nā ʻōpio wai ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hanu lākou i ka ea hau i ka wā e mālama ai ke kino i ka makika. I ka wā maloʻo, ʻeli ka iʻa i ka sludge māla. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa maʻamau o nā papa cranial, me ka hiki ʻana o nā unahi ganoid e hōʻike pū ana kekahi kumu kahiko. I loko o kona palapala he waiwai kūikawā - ganoin, i ka ikaika hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka enamel niho.
Kāhea ʻia ka wai wai ʻōiwi manuahi no ke ʻano o ke kino like me kahi kuʻekuʻe me nā mea he nui (a hiki i 18 mau ʻāpana) paʻakū ma kona kua. Hoʻokahi ko lākou ʻano: nā hoʻoili wili kulu scallop i hoʻopili ʻia i ka paʻi paʻa i ke kua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ulu a kekahi polypteruses i ka lōʻihi o 100 cm ka lōʻihi, akā ma loko o ke kaola aku kā ka nui o lākou eʻoi aku ma mua o 40 cm, no laila he nui nā mea kūpono e kūpono no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka home.
Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana manawaleʻa o kēlā "hiwa" me nā ʻāpana lau anika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pā caudal oval ka mea e pono ai e hāʻawi i ke kino i ka wikiwiki, e kokoke ka poʻe i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kua. ʻAi nā ikaika o ka pectoral, he ʻiʻo, me nā iwi ʻelua a me ka mahele o ka cartilage e kōkua i ka hoʻolei ʻana mai lalo a hāʻawi i kahi ʻano maikaʻi o kaʻauʻau no ka polypterus. He nui ka waha o Mnogoper, a ua hoʻomōleʻa pū ka mau ihu, no ka mea ʻo ka ʻōpala kuhi e ʻimi ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻono, nāwaliwali kona mau maka. ʻAʻole ia e ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa maikaʻi, akā ʻo ia i kona wā ʻōpio.
ʻO nā mea aku oʻa aku i ka polypterus
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika kahi o nā wahi i hoʻohālikelike ai i nā poli - nā ʻōpio Kongo a me Nile, nā loko a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka konenika a me nā ʻāpana kūleʻa. I ka hoʻi ʻana o nā kahe ma hope o ka hoʻoiho ʻana i kā lākou mau waihona, ʻike pinepine ka iʻa ma ka pau ʻana o nā palu. Mai ka wā e pono mau ai ka nui o ka lehulehu i ka ea ea, makemake lākou i ka wai pāpū, a me nā kahawai pākō me ka kahe lohi. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻohu e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele maikaʻi a loaʻa koke i kā lākou ʻai, e kali ana ma loko o ka lāʻau.
ʻElua mau hua ʻōlelo ka polypterus. ʻO Erpetoichthys e pili ana iā Kalamoikht Kalabar (ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ka ʻāpana Kina). I ke kūlohelohe, ulu ka 90 cm, ua holo ka ʻōpū o ka nahesa i ka wai me ka wikiwiki, me he mea lā e lele ana ka dragon. I loko o ka hale kanu, kahi dragonona liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā pua ʻulaʻula a hiki i ka 45 cm ke lōʻihi.
Aia ma kahi o 10 mau hiʻohiʻona ma Polypterus, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa o lākou ka i hōʻike ʻia ma ka papaʻaina.
ʻIke inoa | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe | Hoʻohana ʻia |
Polypterus delhezi (Polyperus Delgesi) | 35 cm, mauʻu wīwī dorsal 8-10, ke poʻo o ka ʻili, ka māmā o ka lāʻau ʻoliva me nā wahi ʻeleʻele, ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū | ʻAmelika waena: Kawai ʻo Congo, Upper a me Middle Republic |
ʻO Polypterus endlicheri congicus (ʻAilau Polytherus) | 45 cm, uaʻike nui loa, ʻokoʻa kala: nā māʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻoe i ka manawa wale nō e ʻai ai. | Kongo, Lake Tanganyika |
Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri (Polypterus Endlicher) | 60 cm, kino o ke kino, ʻulaʻula, me nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me ke kūpaʻa, ka hope mai ka lehulehu o nā pālani ʻē aʻe, e like me ka mālamalama, ka waha me kahi "ʻekikeke" | ʻO Nigeria, Lake Chad, Nile Keokeo |
Polypterus ornatipinnis (palihui polyeurus) | He 60 cm, ka puka o ka dorsal o 9-11 mau pale, hina-brown i wahi me nā wahi marmer, ka ʻōpū o ka melemele, ka pihi mesh ma ke poʻo. | Waena waena a me East Africa: Congo Basin, Lake Tanganyika |
Polypterus senegalus (Polyperus senegalese) | ʻO 40-70 cm, he lei hina ke kino me ka ʻala ʻole o ka ʻili, ua keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao a me kona ʻōpū, ʻaʻole i hele ʻia. | East, West and Central Africa |
Polypterus weeksii | Hiki i ke 100 cm, ka hina hina, lōʻihi, ʻūlehu pū me nā ʻōwili polū pōkā, hikiʻole ke koho i ka wai | Konokō |
Nā ʻano ʻāpana polypterus
Senegalese (lat.Polypterus senegalus). ʻO ia ke kūlana ikaika a hopohopo ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino ma kahi o 30-40 cm. Aloha aloha i ko lākou mau hoahānau a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Kolosa (Ornatipinis) (lat.Polypterus ornatipinnis). ^ E Ha yM. He nani, nani a hoʻohālike. ʻO ke kolu o ke kino nui he hina hina-ʻulaʻula me kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū, a me ke ʻano o ke poʻo i ke ʻano o ka ʻupena. Ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ka ʻākahi manu. Ke ulu a hiki i 40 cm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike wale nō i ka wā e hānai ai. He hopohopo maikaʻi loa kēia, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o Senegalese.
Endlicher (lat.Polypterus enlicherii). ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā iʻa nunui, nā iʻa nui a hiki i ka 75 cm ka nui. I ke ao, ʻaʻole ikaika loa, neʻe ikaika ka neʻe. Pono i ka mālama ʻana ma kahi pānaʻi nui a me ka hānai ola.
ʻAmaikaʻi (lat.Polypterus delhezi). ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi ke kala, liʻu i ka nui (maximum 35 cm), no laila he mea kaulana i waena o nā mea i aloha i kēia ʻano iʻa. Hoʻolaha i ka lā i ka wahi.
Kalamoikht Kalabar (Latin: Erpetoichthys calabaricus). ^ E Ha yM. E ʻai ana ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. He pākiki lahilahi kona lōʻihi, a inā he mau wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e ʻili ʻia nō hoʻi o lākou.
Uixia (lat.Polypterus weeksii). ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia paha nā holoholona nui loa. Loaʻa ka nui o kona kino i 90 cm.
E hele pōkole i kahi mea kaulana loa o lākou.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kāne mai ka wahine
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona pili kino i ka polypterus. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi wahine ʻoi aku ka kāne ma o nā pua - i ke kāne, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ʻo ka anal a me nā dorsal, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka spade. I ka wā moe, hoʻonui lākou i ka nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine, me ka ʻōpū o ka maka, ʻoi aku ka māhuahua o ko lākou poʻo, ʻo ka ʻili o ka ʻili a ʻāʻī ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio manuahi i kēlā me kēia.
E hui pū me nā poʻe noho aku o ka aku
He mau mea maʻamau ka Mnogooper, no ka meaʻai hiki iā lākou ke hakakā me kekahi, akā ʻaʻole kēia i pale iā lākou ke noho malū me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mākaukau nui no ka koho ʻana i nā hoalauna he nui (ʻoi ʻia ka iʻa liʻiliʻi e lilo i mea ʻai no ka mea hana kaiiho. ʻO Polypteruses kekahi phlegmatic e pili ana i ka synodontis, nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, nā iʻa pōpoki a me nā mea noho ʻē aʻe o ka loko o ʻAmelika. Inā kūpono ka nui, nā metinis makua, nā pālaha ʻano ʻano bream, gourami, astronotuses hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Hiki ke hui ʻia o Poly Polyuses me ko lākou mau ʻohana inā he like lākou. Mālama ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio i nā hipa, makemake nui nā pākeke i ka leona, he mea nui ia o ka ʻalike e pono ai ka māhu.
Ke nui ka iʻa, paʻakikī (e like me cichlids a i ʻole ka ʻokiʻoki), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻowalewale i ka hopena.Inā waha ka pena i loko o ke ʻano o ke kīʻaha inu, i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻopili i ke kino, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka polypterus. Hiki i ka pōkole liʻiliʻi ke ʻuʻuku i kahi mea predator, akā kuhihewa kēia, no ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻole.
He aha ka mea o ka aquarium?
ʻO ka holoholona Senegalese he mea hoʻomau, akā pono ia e mālama pono i nā ʻōnaehana. Pono ka Aquarium i ka liʻiliʻi o 200 lita. Pono ka uhi ma luna (hoʻopili paʻa, akā me nā puka) a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hoʻopili i nā ʻōpala pau loa, no ka mea hiki i ka polyperus ke puka mai, hāʻule i waho a make ma ka papahele mai ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa i ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa ma nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka wai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, e piʻi pinepine ana ka maka i ka maka no ka hanu.
Mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻona wai i kēia mau pahu:
- 24-28 wela
- ka huina 6.2-7.8 rR,
- maloʻo 5-20 ° dH,
- kānalua,
- Hoʻololi i nā pule.
Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonani i ka loko me nā grottoes, nā pōhaku, nā snags. Hiki i nā lāʻau kanu ke kanu, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o lākou. Me ka mālama kūpono, hiki i ka Senegal ke ola i 10 mau makahiki.
Pono e hoʻolaʻa ka hoʻolaʻa ma loko o ka hale loko, ma ka mālamalama polypteruses mālamalama.
Hoʻolālā poly Polyus
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o nā ʻano polypterus maʻamau, no ka mea he ʻulaʻulaʻula ia i hui pū ʻia me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 35 cm). Ma ka luna, he ʻoliva-hina a ʻeleʻele nā kaila o ke kino, a me ka melemele i lalo.
Ua puni ʻia nā wahi a pau me nā wahiʻeleʻele. He ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Huai kona nuku ona pūlehu, a liʻiliʻi hoʻi kona mau maka. Ke kuhikuhi nei ka moni caudal.
Nā Palena Akuale
No kēia ʻano polyterus, lawa a aquarium o 300 lita. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole pono ia e lawe kiʻekiʻe loa. E like me ka nānā mua, pono e uku pono i ka uhi a me nā lua mai nā hale hāmeʻa.
ʻAʻohe mākaukau ʻole ka loko wai, a laila ʻike liʻiliʻi ia. E like me ke kāhiko ʻana e kūpono i nā snags, nā pōhaku, nā ana. Inā hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea kanu, laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe i nā mosses a me nā specimens me nā lau paʻakikī.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kūlana i ka polyterus Senegalese. Pono ka nānā kikoʻī e mālama i ka kānana maikaʻi. Hoʻohui pū mākou he mea ʻole ke kukui ʻokoʻa. E lawa a ma ka twilight. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi kīʻaha o nā kukui blunt-spectrum e huli i ka pō ke pio ke kukui nui.
Pehea e hānai ai i nā delgesi?
Ke ʻimi ʻia nā meaʻai o Delgesi e ka momona, e neʻe lohi ana a huki iā ia mai lalo. No laila, pono e koho pono ʻia ka lepo i mea e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana (ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke one).
Ua koho maikaʻi ʻia ka hānai me ka lawa o ka protein e lawa ai:
Hāʻawi ʻia ia e hāʻawi i nā cereals, nā papa a me nā momi, akā mau i ka ona.
Kāne lawaiʻa
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka hua i loko o ka hale home aku. No ka pīkoi kūleʻa, e ʻoi ʻia e hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka wai, hoʻomāluulu a ʻano pālahalaha.
Mālama ka wahine i nā hua i loko o kahi kīʻaha, e haku ʻia ke kāne mai ka caudal a me nā ʻalā, a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻo ia i nā mea kanu me nā lau liʻiliʻi. He paʻahao nā mākua.
Ma hope o nā lā he 3-4 lā, ʻike ʻia nā moa. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou me kahi microworm a me nāplii o Artemia.
Hoʻolauleʻa polytherus
ʻO ka ʻāina kamaʻāina ʻo kēia ʻano ʻo Kamerona, Nigeria, Mali, Sudan, ʻApelika Haute, a me nā ʻāpana i noho i nā kō a me nā ʻāina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka endlicher hoihoi: i ke ʻano a hiki i ka 75 cm, ma ka hale kikowaena a hiki i 50 cm. Ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki i ka pio, akā aia nō kekahi mau hihia o ka lōʻihi.
He lōʻihi ke kino o kēia mau polypteruses me ka ʻulaʻula, me nā wahi polū. ʻO nā nui o ka pectoral, ua like ka dorsal e like me kahi crrated serrated a maloʻo maikaʻi loa i loko o ka caudal.
ʻO ka aquarium no nā wai hānai i lawe ʻia mai ka 100 lita, no nā pākeke - mai 800 lita. ʻO nā kūlana o ka paʻa ʻana ua like ia me nā mea ma mua:
- mālama i ka mahana ma 22-27 ° C,
- pH: 6.0-8.0,
- paakiki: 5-25 ° H,
- lepo - one.
Mai nā mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kahi echinodorus a i ʻole nymphaeum, he mau lau ākea a e hana iho i ka pale. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu iā lākou i loko o nā ipu hao a uhi ʻia paha nā snags ma nā aʻa. ʻO Penumbra a me ka hele ʻana mai o nā hale e pale ai i ka luhi iʻa.
ʻAi lohi lākou, ʻimi i ka meaʻai no ka lōʻihi.
Ma ka pili a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ʻaʻole like nā ʻokoʻa loa mai Senegalese a me Delgesi, no laila, ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopaʻi iā mākou iho.
Nā kūlana polyropus
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike a pau e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻekolu o nā hulu, he hiki iā mākou ke hōʻuluʻulu i kēia:
I ka mua Maʻalahi loa kēia iʻa me ka huki ʻole no nā kūlana ola. Ma luna o ka manawa, hiki iā lākou ke aʻo e ʻike i ka mea nona ka lawe ʻana a ʻai i ka meaʻai mai kona mau lima.
KahuaʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka polypterus penei:
- aquarium nui
- kaulike 22-30 degere,
- ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o 20
- ka huina o ka waena o 6.2-8.5,
- kānana maikaʻi, ʻoihana a me nā loli wai he hebedoma, e pono ai.
- pono nā mea kanu a me nā kukui alaʻulaʻula, akā pono nā hale e pono ai.
EkoluHiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā meaʻai ola a maloʻo a maloo paha.
E hui pū me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā Juveniles i nā hui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokolohua ʻole me nā pākeke.
ʻAʻole pono nā maka i ka honu momona, no ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki lākou i ka poli me kā lākou hana. I kekahi manawa aia nā hanana i ka wā e hiki ai i nā ʻīlio ke hopu i ka iʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou, akā no ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ke polypterus ʻōpio o Eendlicher me nā jabras o waho.
P. senegallus senegallus
Poleneuu o Senegalese, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i ka kikoʻī ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka loulou. I ka pōkole, hoʻokahi kekahi o nā polypteruses ikaika a lōlō.
Puni ikaika ʻo ia i nā manawa a pau, hoʻokaumaha a hoʻomau. ʻAʻole kaua e hakakā i waena o ia a ʻaʻole hoʻopā i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ua nui ka nui.
Nui nui, akā i loko o nā palena kūpono (a hiki i 30 cm). ʻO kēia paha ke ʻano o ka hoʻomakaʻana a hoʻomaka ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me nā polythers.
He aha ka mea polypterus e maʻi ai?
Hana pinepine ʻia kēia a ma muli wale nō o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole o ka paʻa.
Holo aku ke komo ʻana i nā iʻa maʻemaʻe. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻolaha pinepine ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka kānana i loko o nā koikoi liʻiliʻi e alakaʻi i ka mea ʻono a amonia. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā maʻi maʻi lua no kēia mau mea, kahi e kū ai i kahi kuʻi o nā pauna.
Monogenes. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lethargy, kaʻai ilihune, piʻi pinepine i ka papa no ka hanu ʻana, hana ʻole a e moe ana ma ka lalo, nā hōʻailona āpau o kēia maʻi. Ma ka nānā pono ʻana, ma ke kino a ma ke poʻo o ka iʻa, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka monogeny iho, ka mālamalama me kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele o nā ʻōpala. Hoʻōla wikiwiki ka maʻi. Hana lākou iā ia me ka azipyrine.
Hiki i ka Mnogoper ke lawe i nā mea wai leʻa wai piha. ^ E Ha yM. Pili kēia i nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ma ke ʻano. Pono ka Quarantine no lākou (ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i loko o ka aquarium.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e ʻōlelo ʻo is the polyperus he mau iʻa nui nō ia, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea aquarist holomua ma mua o nā mea hoʻomaka. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālama hale mālama nui. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ʻōlima home ke kokoke kokoke i nā iʻa a me ka maluhia. A no ka nānā ʻana, ʻaʻole kēia he wahi hoihoi loa, no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa i hoʻokahe ʻo ia i nā hale pahuhū a neʻe paha ma lalo o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Akā inā ʻoe e hoʻoholo e waiho i kēia dinosaur i kāu aquarium, a laila e hele no ia!
Polypterus ornatipinnis
ʻO Polypterus ornatipinis he mea hoʻohana nui Congolese. ʻO Congolese polytherus kekahi o nā mea ola maikaʻi loa a ma ka manawa like a kūpono hoʻi.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ke ulu nui nei lākou, maloʻo ke kala. ʻO ka mea pōʻino loa ia, ʻike ʻoe iā ia i ka lā, akā inā hele ʻo ia e hānai, a nui wale ke hilinaʻi nei ma kona ʻano, ʻoi aku kekahi o nā mea ikaika, ʻokoʻa kekahi.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka uluʻana ma waena o ka ʻohana a hiki ke hao i ka meaʻai mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ke ulu nui nei ʻo ia, a hiki i 60-70 cm a pono e loaʻa i kahi aquarium nui loa.
He wahi kānaka ikaika loa kēia e hiki ke hopu i ka iʻa wikiwiki.
Polypterus endlicheri
He species nunui a ikaika ia e Endlicher poly, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o 75 cm i ka natura I ka lā, ʻaʻole ia he ikaika, e neʻe pinepine ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui, makemake ʻia e mālama i loko o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, a hānai iā ia me ka meaʻai ola, keu, hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha i ka pule.
ʻO Delgesi, ornatus a me Senakerese huno: