ʻO ka haʻi ʻana aku i nā ʻīlio ma ka kenekulia 20 mau mea e loaʻa ai ka nui o nā stereotypes me ka hoʻomanaʻo. I nā mau makahiki he lehulehu, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia holoholona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke hoʻopunipuni, ka lokoino; ma nā moʻomeheu he nui, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia wī he waena o ka honua o ka mea ola a me ka honua o ka poʻe i make.

I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ka ʻīlio me he hōʻailona o ka ikaika, ka wiwo ʻole, ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ke ʻano ʻelua o ke ʻano o ka wolf a me ka nele o ka ʻike i ka hana a me ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻano kūlohelohe i hūnā i nā kuhihewa e pili ana i nā ʻīlio a i nā wā lōʻihi i lilo ia i manawa nui e hoʻopiʻi ai iā lākou i ka hōʻino nui loa, ka huakaʻi a me ka palena.

ʻO Yason Konstantinovich Badridze, hānau ma Georgia, i loko o kahi ʻohana i aloha ʻia a aloha ʻia, ua hoʻoholo e hoʻihoʻi i kona ola i ka ethology, kahi ʻepekema e noiʻi ana i ka ʻano kūlohelohe o nā holoholona. Ua hāʻule kāna koho i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hana a nā ʻīlio. Ma mua koke iho, ua ʻike ʻo ka mea noiʻi i ka ʻepekema ʻikeʻike e pili ana i ka wīwī, a koi aku i nā mea hou aku a me nā hoʻokolohua. Hiki iā ia ke aʻo i ke ola o nā ʻīlio wale nō i ko lākou hale kūlohelohe, a hele akula ʻo Badridze i ka puʻu ʻo Borjomi, maʻa o ia mai kona wā kamaliʻi, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e ʻike i ke ola o kahi pēpē manuahi, ʻaʻole wale nō mai waho, akā lawe i ka hana ikaika i nā hana a ka ʻohana holoholona.

I ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlio

Hoʻolaha, ka launa puʻupaʻa me nā ʻīlio hihiu, hoʻohui, a ma ka launa aloha, ua ʻae iā Badridze e hana i kahi hana ʻepekema nui a, kahi e pili ana i kāna mau hopena, kākau i kahi puke e pili ana i nā ʻīlio a me kā lākou ʻano a hoʻonui i ka ʻike kanaka e pili ana i ka ʻano o nā ʻōpio o ka wī.

ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo ikaika loa o ke ola i loko o ka wolf pack ʻo ia ka hakakā ʻana o nā wīwī i kā lāua mau hoahānau ʻelua i ka oso - ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka "haku o ka nahele", makemake ʻia nā ʻīlio e haʻalele a ʻaʻole komo i ke kaua. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā i hālāwai ʻole ʻia ai ka bea e ka poʻe loea e hōʻike ana iā ia, ua pane ka ʻeke a hele akula i ka hoʻouka ʻana, kaomi ʻana i ka bea.

Ua wehewehe ʻo Jason Badridze i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī ma kahi ʻōpio wili - ʻike, ʻala, kani, a me ka mea āna e kapa ai i ka telepathic. ʻO kēia hiki i nā holoholona ke ʻae me ka ʻike ma ka maka mua i ʻike ʻole ʻia, akā ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua ʻana o ka ʻepekema iho, lawe ʻia i nā kūlana ʻoihana, ua hōʻoia i ka hiki i ka wolf ke hoʻouna i ka ʻike "maka i ka maka".

Ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana i kona ola maʻamau, Ua hoʻomau ʻo Badridze i nā makahiki he nui e hana i ka hana hou ʻana o ka wolf, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopakele ʻia nā cub wolf a hoʻi hou ko lākou ʻohana i kā lākou wahi kūlohelohe.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻo Farley Mowet a me nā kāne ʻo Dutcher

ʻIke ʻia ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka mea ʻānō Farley Mowet no kāna puke ʻo Don Not Shout: "Wolves!" ʻOiai ʻo ia ka manaʻo maoli a heʻe wale nō, he mea hoʻomālamalama naʻe i ke ola o nā wīlio ma nā palena nui o Canada.

Ka autobiographical puke i loko o ke ʻano, a loaʻa nā nānā a me nā manaʻo i hana ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻana no kekahi mau mahina o ke ola ma ka kokoke koke o kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīlio. ʻO ka pili loa i ka ʻohana i ka wahi ʻilihune i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma Kanada ka hāʻawi ʻana iā Mowet i ka ʻike nui loa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i līlū ʻia nā ʻolio e lilo i ka huhū i ka poʻe, a ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka nui o ka nui, ka wīwī he hewa loa i ka hewa. nā kihi.

ʻO Jim a me Jamie Dutchers kahi mau kāne i male no 6 mau makahiki i kahi hoʻomoana i ka ululāʻau o Idaho, aia pū kekahi i ka hui o ka wolf. Hoʻokumu i nā hopena o ko lākou ʻike, ua kākau lākou i kahi puke i kapa ʻia ʻo Life with Wolves a hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka inoa like, ua loaʻa i nā koho he nui no nā ʻano kumuhana like ʻole o ka televise a lanakila ʻo Emmy Award for Best Documentary Films.

ʻO ka manaʻo nui o nā Dutchers ka mea e ʻike ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻīlio puaʻa, i huki ʻia i ka ʻāmelika ʻAmelika. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ola me nā ʻīlio he uala kiʻekiʻe loa o nā ʻīlio, ke ʻike nei lākou i ka nui o nā manaʻo like ʻole e hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā poʻe, a hoʻohana pū hoʻi i nā hāmeʻa o ke kamaʻilio waiwai. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻīlio o nā Kēkeke me nā inoa, ʻo ia ka mea no nā moʻolelo i pili i nā pilina ma waena o ka pā. Eia kekahi, hoʻowahāwahā ka kāne i ka stereotype o nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻīlio ma ka ecosystem, hōʻike, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ma luna o nā kānaka he mau makahiki he mau makahiki a ua helu ʻia hoʻi i nā ʻāpana, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻīlio na ka ʻīlio e ka ʻike me ka nui o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole kēia holoholona he hōʻailona nui ʻole o ka nahele, akā he holoholona akamai a me ka manaʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole e poina iā mākou i mau tausani o nā makahiki i hala aku nei ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻōpio i lilo i hoa aloha o ke kanaka i ka hopu a mālama i ka hale, a laila huli ke lilo i ʻīlio.

Hōʻoluʻolu ka honua honua i nā mea ʻepekema wale nō, akā he mau kiʻi kiʻi hana i nā kiʻi holoholona kupaianaha i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai nā kiʻi paʻi.

Makemake ʻoe i ka ʻatikala? A laila kākoʻo mākou paʻi:

Hoʻolālā

ʻO Ellie ke kaikamahine mai Kansas a me kāna ʻīlio pono ʻo Totoshka i hāʻule i ka Fairyland. ʻO ka puahiwi, ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e Gingem, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia me Ellie lāua ʻo Totoshka ma kahi wao hiki ʻole i ka mauna. Kau akula ʻo Kaina ʻoniʻoni ʻo Willina i ka van a ua pae pololei ia i ke poʻo ʻo Gingema a ua haki. ʻ tellslelo aku ʻo Villina iā Ellie, ʻo ka wahine wanana maikaʻi a Goodwin, ka mea e noho ana a noho lula ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald, hiki iā ia ke hoʻi iā ia i Kansas. No ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home, pono ʻo Ellie e kōkua i nā mea ʻekolu i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou makemake. I mālama pū ʻia e Toto, me ke ʻano kupaianaha i kū i ke ala poloka i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald. (Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana, lawe mai ʻo Totoshka iā Ellie i nā kāmaʻa kala o Gingham.) Ma ke ala, hālāwai ʻo Ellie i kahi scarecrow hou, ʻo Scarecrow, ka mea makemake nui i ka puʻuwai, ʻo ka Iron Lumberjack, ka mea e moemoe nui i ka loaʻa hou ʻana o kona puʻuwai ngaro, a me ka Liona Kekahi, ka nele o ka wiwo ʻole e lilo i mōʻī maoli o nā holoholona. A hele pū lāua i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald ma ka wahine wanana ʻo Goodwin, ka Nui a me ka weliweli, e noi iā ia e hoʻokō i kā lākou makemake. Ma ke ola ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu lehulehu (ka hoʻouka ʻana o Ogre, hui pū me nā Sabretooth Tigers, ke hele nei ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai, e mākaʻi ana i ke kula poppy hoʻopunipuni) a me ka hoa aloha ma ka manawa like, hiki lākou i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald. (I ka pau ʻana o ke kolu o ka huakaʻi, ʻike ʻo Ellie i ka mōʻīwahine o ke kahe a nā kaona ʻo Ramina, ka mea e hāʻawi iā ia i ke kōlala kālā a hiki i ke kaikamahine ke kāhea aku iā ia inā pono.) Akā, ʻae ʻo Goodwin e hoʻokō i kā lākou makemake i kekahi kūlana - pono lākou e hoʻokuʻu iā Violet Land mai ka mana o ka mea hoʻokalakupua hewa Bastinda, kaikuahine i ka mea i make o Gingham. Manaʻo ʻo Ellie a me kona mau hoa i kahi ʻano kīnā ʻole o ka hana, akā ua hoʻoholo naʻe e hoʻāʻo.

Ma ka manawa mua lākou ua pōmaikaʻi lākou: hōʻole lākou i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ʻīlio, nā manu a me nā pihe i hoʻouna ʻia e Bastinda, akā, nā Flying Monkey, i kāhea ʻia mai e Bastinda me ke kōkua o ka pālākiō kuhi manu, ua luku aku iā Scarecrow a me ka Lumberjack a hopu iā Leo. Hoʻomau wale ʻole ʻo Ellie no ka mea mālama ʻia ʻo ia e nā kāmaʻa kālā kupaianaha i loaʻa e Totoshka i ke ana o Gingema. Ua ʻike ʻo Bastinda, ʻaʻole e like me Ellie, e pili ana i ka mana kilokilo o nā kāmaʻa o kona kaikuahine a manaʻo ʻo ia e ʻaihue iā lākou mai ke kaikamahine e ka maalea. Hoʻokahi ʻo ia e kūleʻa ana, akā ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Ellie iā Bastinda me ka wai mai kahi pakeli, a maloʻo ka ʻuhane ʻino (no ka mea ua kuhi ʻia ʻo ia e make mai ka wai a no laila ʻaʻole ia i holoi i kona maka no ʻelima mau makahiki!). ʻO Ellie, me ke kōkua o ka poʻe Migun ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i ka Scarecrow a me ka Lumberjack i ola, a noi ka Miguns iā Lumberjack i lilo i aliʻi no lākou, ka mea āna i pane mai ai e loaʻa mua ka naʻau.

Ua hoʻi hou aku ka hui me ka lanakila, akā ʻaʻole wikiwiki ʻo Goodwin e hoʻokō i kā lākou makemake. A i ka manawa i loaʻa ai lākou i kahi mea iʻike, huli mai ia i maikaʻi ʻo Goodwin ʻaʻole he wānana, akā he mea maʻamau, maʻamau i lawe ʻia i ka Magic Land i loko o kahi paluna. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo lehulehu e hoʻopiha ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale, no ka hapa nui, he mau aniani maʻalahi ia e ʻike i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo no nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā mea e koi ʻia e nā mea a pau e komo i loko o ke kūlanakauhale (manaʻo pono e pale i nā maka mai ka hiʻona ʻana o nā emeralds). Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā makemake makemake nui a nā hoa o Ellie. ʻO ka mea maoli, ua loaʻa iā Scarecrow, Lumberjack a me Leo nā hiʻohiʻona a lākou e moe ai, akā ka nele wale i kā lākou hilinaʻi. No laila, ʻo ka hōʻailona hōʻailona me nā kui a me nā ʻāʻī, ke puʻuwai a me ke kvass "no ka wiwo ʻole", i mākaukau ʻia e Goodwin, e kōkua aku i nā hoaaloha e loaʻa ka naʻauao, ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka wiwo ʻole. Ua loaʻa hou ʻo Ellie i ka manawa e hoʻi i kou home: ʻO Goodwin, ua luhi i ke kīnā ʻana ma ke ʻano he wahine ʻānua, ua hoʻoholo e hoʻoponopono i kāna pila a hoʻi i kona ʻāina me Ellie lāua ʻo Totoshka. Ua wae ʻo ia i ka Scarecrow o ka Wise i mea nona ma hope. Eia naʻe, ma mua o ka lele ʻana, lele ka makani i ke kaula e paʻa ana i ka paleke, a lele maikaʻi ʻo Goodwin me ka waiho wale ʻana iā Ellie, i ka Fairyland.

Ma ke ʻōlelo a ka ʻO Long Beard Soldier Dean Gyor, nā hoaaloha, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Scarecrow, ka poʻe i haʻalele iki i ka noho aliʻi, ua holo aku i kahi huakaʻi hou - i ka ʻāina mamao mamao loa, i ka wahine hoʻokalakupua maikaʻi ʻo Stella. Aia kekahi mau puʻupuʻu e kali ana iā lākou ma ke ala, ʻo nā kumu nui kahi he wai ka i hopu iā lākou ma kahi mokupuni i waena o ka muliwai Nui. Ke loaʻa nei i kekahi i kekahi ma hope o ke kahe ʻana a me ke kahakaha ʻana i ka wai, hāʻule pū ʻo Ellie me kāna mau hoa i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, ke ʻimi nei nā holoholona i ka pale mai ka Spider nui. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ka liona ʻōpio iā Spider a ua ʻike nā holoholona iā ia ʻo ko lākou mōʻī. A laila pono ʻo Ellie e hele i ka mauna Marrano, kahi i kōkua ai ka lele ʻana o nā Flying Monkey iā her..

ʻO ka hope loa, heleʻo Ellie i ka Pink Country, a hōʻikeʻo Stella wahine lokomaikaʻi iā ia i nā mea huna o nā kāmaʻa kala: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoneʻe i kā lākou mea nona ma kahi mamao aku, a hiki iā Ellie ke hoʻi aku ma Kansas i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ma kēia wahi ua aloha aku nā hoaaloha, ʻo Scarecrow, Lumberjack lāua ʻo Leo i ka poʻe i lilo a lākou i alakaʻi (ua lawe ʻia mai nā Flying Monkey ma o ke kauoha a Stella wahine iā Ellie, a hāʻawi ʻo Ellie i ka Hui Hatāula), a hoʻi akula ʻo Ellie i ka home i kona mau mākua.

Nā Pūʻulu

• Ellie
• Toto
• Kawaiono
• Lumberjack
• Liona wahine
• Gingham
• Villina
• Bastinda
• Stella
• Kanale
• ʻOihana ma mua
• ʻEnehana
• Dean Gyor
• Litaika
• Fregoza
• Ramina - Moʻiwahine o nā Mice Kūʻai
• Kanaka
• Nā kahu holoholona ʻokoʻa
• Spider spider
• Lawe mai nā mākaʻi

ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa

Nui nā mana nui o ka moʻolelo, ʻaʻole a like ʻole kā kā lākou mau kikokikona. Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ka puke e ka mea kākau, a inā he unuhi mua nā moʻolelo o Baum me ka wehe ʻana i kekahi mau manawa, a laila ma nā mana hope e loli maoli ana nā ʻano a me nā wehewehe o nā hanana, ka mea e hana ai i kona ʻāʻī ponoʻī o ka Fairyland, ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe mai Oz.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana ʻekolu a me kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona:

• 1939 edition - kahi kokoke loa i ka ʻōlelo mua a Baum:
  • He keiki makua ʻo Ellie me kona makuakāne a me kona ʻanakē,
  • ʻAi wale nō ka wao nahele i ka ʻāina kilokilo, ʻaʻole nā ​​mauna a puni ka honua.
  • ʻAʻohe inoa inoa ʻole a me nā hua lua
  • i ka ulu lāʻau ola ma waena o nā ana o nā waika ola,
  • i nā kuahiwi o ke kuahiwi o ka ʻāina ʻo Pink Pink e noho ana i nā ʻā hala ʻole lima me nā ʻā o elongating.
• 1959 edition:
  • He mau mākua ʻo Ellie
  • loaʻa nā mea ʻona i kā mākou inoa maʻamau
  • na papale i honi ʻia e nā ʻoni sabot-toothed,
  • Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā kāne liʻiliʻi lima e Prygunov - nā kāne kiʻekiʻe i lele i ka ʻenemi me ko lākou mau poʻo a me nā lima lima.
• ʻEkolu ʻaoʻao:
  • ʻO ka scarecrow i ʻōlelo mua me ka nui o ka waiho ʻana, e neʻe pinepine ana i ka ʻōlelo pololei,
  • ma mua o ka hālāwai me ka Eater, lawe aku ʻo Ellie i kona mau kāmaʻa, pēlā e nalowale ai i ka pale o ka maalea.
  • loaʻa nā inoa Fleet, Lestar, Warra,
  • Kāhea ka poʻe Jumpers iā Marrans,
  • ʻAʻole ka Lumberjack e lawe ʻo ia i kāna wahine mare iā Violet Land,
  • nā palapala a pau e pili ana i nā elepani i ka palena o ka ʻāina ʻo Magic Land.
  • ua ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ke koho ʻo Scarecrow i aliʻi ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald City i hoʻokumu ʻia i waena o kekahi o nā luna.

ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka mea, i koho ʻia e hoʻopili pono i ka puke me nā ʻāpana i kākau ʻia e kēia manawa. Ma kahi o nā hoʻololi nui i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, aia nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau paʻi, e like me ka ke kau hou ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo kū hoʻokahi. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ua kākau hou i ka moʻolelo i kekahi mau manawa.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka puke i loko o ka papahana no nā haumāna o nā kula no ka poʻe aʻo i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao "Palapala Hōʻike ʻIa kamaliʻi".

Nā hoʻokaʻawale moʻolelo

ʻOiai hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iki i ke kumumanaʻo o ka "Wizard of Oz" a me "The Wonder Wizard of Oz" me nā huaʻōlelo like, he nui loa nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau puke a hele aku i kahi kākau ʻē aʻe i ka ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe a me ka kahuli ʻana i kou mau inoa ponoʻī, e like nō paha me ka mua. ʻike. Eia ka papa inoa pōkole o nāʻokoʻa nui:

• ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui ʻo ia ʻo Ellie Smith, ʻaʻole ʻo Dorothy Gale, a me kona mau mākua (John lāua ʻo Anna Smith), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Dorothy kahi keiki makua e noho pū ana me Uncle Henry a me ʻAnakē Em.
• ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Volkov i ke ola o ke kaikamahine ma Kansas e hōʻemi loa ia ma mua o Baum.
• ʻOiai ka moʻolelo o Baum Dorothy ka heluhelu, noho ka heluhelu ma kahi wahi i mea nui ʻole i kona ola. Heluhelu maikaʻi ʻo Volkov iā Ally, ʻaʻole heluhelu wale i nā moʻolelo, akā, ʻo nā puke e pili ana i ka ʻike (no ka mea, e pili ana i nā tiger-aothed kahiko kahiko), i ʻole maʻamau e waiho i nā leka uila.
• ʻO ka ʻino a ka mea i lawe iā Ellie i ka Magic Land, nā mea ʻino o Gingham e makemake nei e hōʻino i ka honua, a ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka hale i Gingham e ka ʻuhane o Villina (he mau pā leʻa ʻo Baum - he pōʻai kūlohelohe maʻamau, a ʻo ka make o ka mea ʻona ua hōʻino ʻia).
• Hāʻawi ʻo Dan i ke kiʻi o Gingema me he mea kilokilo ikaika, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ke kaikuahine ʻo Bastinda. ʻAʻole wale ʻo Baum e hoʻomanaʻo mau i nā poʻe kamaʻāina e pili ana i ka ʻuhane o ka Hikina, a ʻo ke Kaikākaua o ke Komohana ʻaʻole ia kona kaikuaʻana.
• I ka manawa e hālāwai ai me nā wahine kilokilo maikaʻi, i ʻōlelo aku ai ʻo Dorothy: "Ua manaʻo wau he mea hewa ʻole nā ​​mea kilokilo a pau." Ellie: "He wahine ʻuhane ʻoe? Akā, pehea lā wau i haʻi mai ai iaʻu?
• ʻO Totoshka, hoʻokahi ma ka Magic Land, e hoʻomaka ai e ʻōlelo kanaka, e like me nā holoholona o ka ʻāina. Ma ka Wonder Wizard o Oz, ua mau nō ʻo ia i ka huaʻōlelo (ʻoiai ʻo kekahi o kēia mau puke e hōʻike ana he hiki nō iā ia ke ʻōlelo, akā ʻaʻole makemake).
• ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻāina kahuhulu o Volkov, ua pā ia ʻia mai ka honua aku ʻaʻole i ka wao nahele wale nō, akā, i nā neʻe paʻa mau o nā kuahiwi hiki ʻole.
• ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ka Magic Land i nā kardinal he kiʻi hoʻohālikelike o Oz: inā i loaʻa ʻo Baum ka ʻāina Blue, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Dorothy kona huakaʻi, aia ma ka hikina, a laila ʻo Volkov i ke komohana.
• Hoʻololi nā inoa o nā ʻāina i ka waihoʻoluʻu: ʻĀpana ka ʻāina melemele o Baum i ka ʻāina Violet o Volkov, a ʻo kekahi hoʻi. ʻO ka wahi o Volkov o nā ʻāina holoʻokoʻa he mea ʻole kūpono ʻole, ua nalowale ke kumu, e like me ke ʻano o ka waiho waena o ka pulu - ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ma waena o nā mea ākea. Akā ke kū mai kekahi kumu hoʻohālike - ka ʻāina o nā mea kilokilo ʻino "nā anuanu" maloʻo, ka'āina o nā mea kilokilo maikaʻi - ʻo "ʻoluʻolu".
• Ma ke Kānāwai o Oz, ʻaʻole i kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻōpio o ka inoa, me ka ʻike ʻole iā Glinda, ka mea kilokilo maikaʻi o ka Hema. No Volkov, ka ʻona kupua maikaʻi o ka ʻāina Pink i kapa ʻia ʻo Stella, a ʻo nā ʻikepili o ka ʻĀkau, East a me West ke loaʻa i nā inoa ʻo Willin, Gingham a me Bastind, kēlā me kēia.
• Ma Volkov, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe o ka Magic Land i nā hōʻailona ʻano: Blinkers - wili i ko lākou maka, Munchkins - neʻe i kā lākou mau ʻōpio. ʻAʻohe mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole ʻo Baum, ʻo ia wale nō ka inoa.
• No Volkov, kapa ʻia ʻo ka wahine wili ʻo Goodwin, a ua kāhea ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Wizard Country, no Baum, ua kapa ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Oz, a ʻo ke kākele ʻo Oscar Zoroaster Fadrig Isaac Norman Hankle Emmanuel Ambroise Diggs. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia ʻo ia iho i nā kumu mua wale nō, a ʻaʻole kapa inoa i nā leka hope i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka huaʻōlelo "OzPinhead", ʻo ia ke ʻano o "OzGlupets."
• Loaʻa ʻo Ellie i ka wānana o nā makemake makemake ʻekolu e pono e hoʻokō ʻia a hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i Kansas.ʻAʻole naʻe i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Dorothy o nā kūlana, akā, ʻaʻole ia i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi ʻōlelo hoʻohiki, koe wale nō kahi kauoha pōkole - e hele i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Emerald. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā ia kahi Hika Noi mai ka maikaʻi Sorceress o ke Akau, ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei iā ia i kahi ala palekana, a ʻo nā mea paʻakikī a pau wale nō ka ala ʻoi loa. ʻAʻole kahi mamao loa a ke hele nei o Ally, akā make nō naʻe, a me ka ʻole o nā hoa hilinaʻi he mau mea kūʻai ʻia ʻole.
• Loaʻa iā Dorothy nā kāmaʻa kilokilo, a ma hope i kahi pāpale gula (me ka hale aliʻi), i hoʻoilina ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā mea hoʻohālikelike i pepehi ʻia e ia. Hele ʻo Ellie a me nā kāmaʻa a me nā pāpale, i ka laulā nui.
• Wahi a Baum, ka poʻe kūkā, nāna i ʻōlelo aku iā Scarecrow e kiʻi i kaoleʻa, aʻo i ke koena o nā manu ʻaʻole e makaʻu iā ia. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo pololei ʻo Volkov i kēia. ʻO ka pōī ponoʻī e wehewehe ʻo Volkov iā "nui aheʻe ʻia," na Baum "ua ʻelemakule."
• ʻO ka lumberjack ma nā puke a Volkov (a - e like me ke kuʻuna paʻa - ma ka hapanui o ka unuhi ʻana o Rusia e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka'āina o Oz) i hana ʻia i ka hao. Hiki iā Baum kahi kēla pā. Pane ʻia ʻo Volkov, ʻaʻole like me Baum, "alo wale i ka maka" - nā maka paʻi ʻia a me ka waha i holoi ʻia me ka wai.
• Ma waena o ka hālāwai ʻana o ka Lumberjack a me ka hui ʻana o ka Liona Loaʻa, ua komo nā Wolves i kahi mokuna hou kahi e lawe pio ai ka ʻEleau iā Ellie. Hoʻokele ʻo Scarecrow lāua ʻo Lumberjack e hoʻokuʻu aku i ke kaikamahine a pepehi i ka Ogre.
• Wahi a Baum, ʻaʻole ʻo Saber-isothed tiger e noho nei i ka nahele ma waena o nā kahawai, akā ʻo Calidases - nā mea ola me ke kino o ka bea, ke poʻo o nā tiger a me nā niho lōʻihi e hiki ai i kekahi o lākou ke haehae i ka liona.
• Ua hōʻike ʻia ka inoa o Volkov i ka mōʻīwahine o nā kiʻina mahina (Ramina) a ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia nō, ma ka wā i haʻalele ai ʻo ia, waiho akula ʻo ia iā Ellie i kahi ʻoni kālā i hiki iā ia ke kāhea ʻia. Ma Baum, ʻōlelo aku ka mōʻīwahine o ka kahe hiki ke kāhea ʻo Dorothy iā ia i kēlā me kēia manawa a e hele i loko o ke kula, ʻoiai ua kapa ʻia ʻo Dorothy ma hope o ke Aliʻi Mice me kahi ʻili, kahi i haʻi ʻia i ka moʻolelo.
• ʻO ka kiaʻi o Baum, ka mālama ʻana i ka hale o nā kākela, hele koke ʻo ia i nā huakaʻi, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "koa me nā ʻaleʻaleʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo", hāʻawi ʻo Volkov iā ia i inoa - Dean Gyor a hoʻopuka mai i kahi hanana me ka wā e ʻono ana i kahi ʻumiʻumi.
• ʻO Goodwin, ka hoʻouna ʻana iā Ellie a me kāna mau hoa i Violet Land, kauoha iā lākou e kahaki i ka Bastind o ka mana, ʻaʻohe kumu. Hāʻawiʻo Oz i kahi ʻōlelo maʻalahi iā Dorothy e pepehi i ka wahine kilokilo ʻino.
• Hoʻololi ʻia nā huaʻōlelo o ke kuhi e hoʻokau ai nā Flying Monkey - e like me nā kiko āpau i nā puke a Volkov, ʻoi aku lākou he melodic a ʻaʻole pono e hui pū me nā ʻano like, e like me ke kū ʻana ma ka wāwae hoʻokahi, e like me Baum.
• ʻAʻole i hoʻopōʻino nā Flying Monkeys iā Ellie no ka makaʻu i nā kāmaʻa kala. Wahi a Baum, pale ʻia ke kaikamahine e ka honi ʻana o ka wahine hoʻokalakupua maikaʻi o ka ʻūlani, ʻaʻole i haʻi iki ʻo Volkov iā ia.
• ʻO ka noho pio ʻana o Ellie ma Bastinda ka mea i wehewehe nui ʻia, ka kiʻi o ke kuke Fregosa ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ka manaʻo kumu no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kipi kūʻē ʻana iā Bastinda.
• ʻAʻole maopopo ʻo Baum Dorothy i ka makaʻuʻole o ka wahine ma ke Komohana. Ma Volkov, ʻike ʻo Ellie e pili ana i kēia makaʻu iā Bastinda (ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kekahi manawa i ka wai i kahe ma luna o ka papahele e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke ʻano o nā mea kilokilo), akā ʻaʻole ia e manaʻo e make ka wai no ia.
• I Baum, e lawe i ka kāmaʻa kālā, ua hoʻohana ke kākāʻī i kahi kelepona āna i ʻike ʻole ai. Ma Volkov, ua nalowale ʻo Bastinda i nā mea lapuwale a pau a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kaula kaula.
• I ka manawa o ka hopu ʻana iā Volkov, ua hoʻopau ʻo Ellie Bastind i mea moe kupuaʻi a i kēia manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia loa e nā mana kanaka. ʻO Baum, ʻoiai ka mea i lilo i ka ʻikepili hewa, ua paʻa ia i ka hiki ke kilokilo.
• ʻO Bastinda, i ka wā i makemake ai ʻo Ellie iā ia i ka wai, wehewehe ʻo ia ʻaʻole ia e holoi i kona maka no nā kenekulia no ka mea ua loaʻa iā ia he wānana no ka make mai ka wai. Ma Baum, ʻōlelo ka Witch o ke Komohana e pepehi ka wai iā ia, a laila hōʻike ʻo ia iā Dorothy, ʻo ia ke noho aliʻi wahine o ka hale aliʻi, a ua manaʻo ʻo ia he ʻino kāna i kona wā ola.
• ʻO ka moʻolelo o nā Flying Monkeys ma Volkov i wehewehe ʻia i ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma mua o Baum.
• Ma Volkov, ʻike ʻo Totoshka iā Goodwin e hūnā ana ma hope o kahi aniani e ka ʻohu. Wahi a Baum, haʻi ʻo Totoshka i ka mea ʻoihana ma ke kīhāpai i ka wā e hoʻokau aku ai ʻo ia i kahi manawa, makaʻu ʻia e ka puʻu o Leo.
• ʻO Goodwin, e like me Ellie, mai Kansas. No Omaha mai Omaha, kokoke ʻo Kansas. ʻO Goodwin, ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i aeronaut, he mea hana, e pāʻani ana i nā mōʻī a me nā koa, aʻo Oz he mea hōʻilihune.
• Ma Baum, ka mea i hakahaka i ka Wizard he mau "scarecrow ma luna o ka noho aliʻi" i loko o kahi caftan manga aniani a me nā kāmaʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i Volkov the Scarecrow - he esthete a me kahi dandy, hoʻomaka ka noho aliʻi me ka hoʻopou hou i kona ʻano lole (kahi āna i moe ai i loaʻa i ka maʻa i ke kula).
• Wahi a Baum, ʻo ke ala i ka maikaʻi ʻo Sorceress o ka Hema e holo ana ma kahi ulu lāʻau me nā lāʻau kaua a me kahi ʻāina Porcelain. No Volkov, ua piha piha kēia mau ʻāina, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi kahi me ka wai kai, no ka mea ua hoʻololi ʻo Volkov i ke kuhikuhi o ke kaao a me ke ala o ka muliwai nui o ka Magic Land. E kahe ana mai ke kukulu akau a i hema, a ma ka hikina i ka aina o Miguns (ma Baum keia kahe ana o keia muliwai mai ke kukulu hema, a huli ke komohana, ma ke kaawale loa ana i ke kulanakauhale Emerald he uuku akau, a e kahe ana i ke komohana. ālaiʻa mai ke Kulanʻo Emerald a hiki i ka Pink Pink).
• ʻO ka mea i hala loa i ka huakaʻi a Volkov i ka Pink Pink, ʻaʻole nā ​​Hammer-Heads, akā, ʻo Jumpers (Marranas) (ʻoiai, i ka hoʻopuka mua o ka puke ua wehewehe ʻia lākou he "puʻupuʻu pale kālima lima", i hana ai iā lākou ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea me nā Hammerheads).
• Ua kāhea ʻo Ellie i ka lele manuahi i ka ʻāina o ka Jumpers, ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻana iā Toto, ma hope o ka makemake ʻekolu, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoneʻe i ka Hale Uula ma kekahi o kāna mau hoaaloha (a laila hoʻohiki ʻo Ellie iā Scarecrow). ʻAʻole hoʻolālā ʻo Dorothy i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Flying Monkey i kēia wā e hiki mai ana.
• Wahi a Volkov, noho ʻia ka ʻāina Pink e Chatterboxes - ka poʻe kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana, e like me ka Baum - ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnaya a me nā mea noho ʻana ʻaʻole he ʻokoʻa i ka poʻe i koe o ka poʻe o Oz, koe wale nō ka ʻulaʻula no ka ʻulaʻula.
• Ke hoʻi nei i Kansas, hui pū ʻo Ellie ma ke kūlanakauhale e kokoke ana i Goodwin. ʻAʻohe o Baum i kēia hanana.

ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ka māhele manaʻo-semantis

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o ka "W Wonder Wonder W Oz" a me "The Wizard of the Emerald City" i hōʻike i nāʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kēia mau hana ma nā huaʻōlelo o ka manaʻo a me ka manaʻo nui. ʻOiai hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā huaʻōlelo kūlohelohe a i ʻole he mau mana nui (me nā kumumanaʻo o ke ʻano "nani" a "leʻaleʻa"), ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ʻo Volkov he ʻōlelo “ʻeleʻele”. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i ka haʻi ʻana o nā loli i ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka naʻau, ʻaʻohe o Baum, ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo "makaʻu", "ʻakaʻaka", wehewehe kikoʻī, a me ka haʻi pinepine i nā kani a me ka onomatopoeia. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ka wai: ka ua a me ka hoʻoilo o ka wai nā mea nui o ka mokuna ʻo ka "Kahawai", i hoʻohui ʻia e Volkov, i ka wehewehe ʻana ma ka hale aliʻi o Goodwin aia kekahi mau loko, nā pūnāwai, a me ka wai me nā wai - nā kikoʻī i ʻike ʻole i ka mea i ka mua, ka haʻi ʻana o ke kahawai ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e wehewehe ana i kahi awāwa e hele ana ma ke ala. . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka huaʻōlelo ʻo Volkov ka hoʻākāka pinepine ʻana, akā, i nā ʻōlelo ʻaʻole i kū mua.

Kūkākūkā

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻana i ka puke ponoʻī, i ia, ua unuhi ʻia i loko o nā ʻōlelo he nui, e pili ana i ka Pelekānia a me Kelemania, a i paʻi ʻia a kokoke i loko o nā pae kaiāulu mua.

Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka nūhou mua o ka Wēmania i ka Repubalika Kelemania a me ka Federal Republic of Germany i ka waena o ka 1960. No 40 mau makahiki, ua ola ke puke i ka 10 mau paʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana o Kelemania, i ka manawa i loaʻa ai nā puke kumu mua o Baum no East German, ua hoʻomau ʻia nā unuhi o nā puke a Volkov me nā holo ʻana i hoʻolaʻa mau. ʻO ke ʻano o ka paʻi kiʻi 11, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 2005, a ma hope aʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia, a loaʻa hoʻi i ka puke kekahi hoʻolālā hou. Eia nō naʻe, ma 2011, e like me nā koi a ka poʻe heluhelu, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hale hoʻopuka e hoʻi i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka puke ma ka hoʻolālā kahiko, ma ka paʻi kiʻi kahiko o ka unuhi ʻana, a hiki pū me ka huaʻōlelo "kuʻuna" a ke hōʻike nei i nā hemahema o ka ʻoihana kapena.

Ma hope

Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ma ka puke, ʻo A.M. Volkov, e kamaʻilio nei i nā mea heluhelu ʻōpiopio i kēia wā iā ia, ka manaʻo o ka pīhoihoi loa lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ka Nui a me ka Wahine ʻo Wii Paiwaho ʻaʻole i aʻo mua. A laila kākau ʻo Volkov i kāna moʻolelo a aʻo ana ka hoʻopunipuni a me nā wahaheʻe a pau i hōʻike ʻia ma hope koke iho. ʻAʻole maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, akā, palupalu ʻo Goodwin ʻaʻohe hemahema a me ka makemake e hana. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei i ka nohona ma ka ʻāina ʻo Magic Land e like like me ke ola ma nā kapitalist ʻAmelika o kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i ke ala ʻē aʻe no kāna pono e loaʻa ai ka kūleʻa a me ka holomua, koe wale nō me ka wahaheʻe. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia wahaheʻe maikaʻi iā Goodwin a hiki i kahi manawa e hoʻouna ai ʻo ia i kahi kaikamahine liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka kaua ʻana me ka wahine ʻuhane ʻino. ʻO A.M. Volkov ma ka huaʻōlelo hōʻike i kākau ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo moʻolelo "ʻO ka Wizard of the Emerald City" pili i ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau ʻAmelika ʻo Lyman Frank Baum, i kapa ʻia "The Wise Man from the Country of Oz", e haʻi ana i ka lā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo ia i USA - 1900, a i kona mau sequels he nui. Ua kākau ʻo ia ua hoʻololi nui ʻo ia i loko o ka puke a Baum a ua kākau i nā puke hou. Hōʻike iā Totoshka ma Baum, ʻokoʻa i kona Totoshka, he mū. Eia kekahi, ʻōlelo ka hope ma hope e hoʻomaka ana ka mea kākau e kākau i kahi puke e pili ana i ka hoʻokipa ʻana o Ellie a me kāna mau hoaaloha - "Oorfene Deuce a me kāna poʻe koa lāʻau."

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pōkole o nā puke A. Volkova. Ke hoʻomau

Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā puke a Volkov i loko o ka mokulele ʻo Emerald City e kekahi moʻolelo moʻolelo hoʻokahi i ka hui aʻe nei:

1. "The Wizard of the Emerald City" (1939, 1959).
2. "Oorfene Deuce a me kāna mau Kahuli lāʻau" (1963).
3. "ʻEhiku ʻElima ʻIloko Ma lalo aʻe" (1964).
4. ʻO ke Akua Fiery o ka Marrans (1968).
5. ʻO ka Palapala Kauka (1970).
6. "The Mystery of the Abandoned Castle" (1976, 1982).

Inā e noho mau ke kaikamahine Ellie i ka mana nui ma nā puke mua ʻekolu, a laila ma ka puke ʻehā ua hōʻike ka mea kākau i kahi hero hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ka kaikaina o Ellie - ʻo Annie, nāna e "hoʻololi" iā Ellie i kāna hana kupaianaha.

Aia ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka moʻolelo:

• ka moʻolelo "Emerald Rain," i kākau ʻia e Yuri Kuznetsov,
• nā puke o ka "The Emerald City" a me "Tales of the Emerald City" i kākau ʻia e Sergey Sukhinov.

Nā ʻōwili puka a me nā huahana

• "The Wizard of the Emerald City" he hōʻike ʻokahi papa ʻelua (Central Television, USSR, 1968). Luna Hoʻokele: Nina Zubareva. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​kuleana i ka: Maria Vinogradova, Rostislav Plyatt, Boris Runge, Alexey Pokrovsky, Oleg Tabakov, Sergey Tseits. I ka hana a ke pahola - ʻo Anatoly Barantsev. Mea haku - Gennady Gladkov, mea kākau mele - Yuri Entin. Ua kapa ʻia ka mea kākau o ka moʻolelo i nā moʻo kālā Alex Alex Volkov.
• "ʻO ka Wizard o ke kūlanakauhale Emerald" - kahi kāmeʻa lehulehu-mahele (TO "Kāpena", USSR, 1973).
• "The Wizard of the Emerald City" - he kiʻi (M. Gorky Film Studio, Russia, 1994).
• "Adventures in the Emerald City" - kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni (multi-part animated film (Studios Mill ma ke noi ʻana o NTV-Kino, 1999-2000)

I ka makahiki 1970, e pili ana i ka moʻoolelo ʻo F. Baum a me ka puke e A. Volkov, ua hoʻopuka kahi hui "Melody" i kahi moʻolelo me nā mea mele a me nā mele mele "The Wizard of the Emerald City". ʻO nā kuleana i hoʻolaha ʻia e: E. Sinelnikova (Elli), V. Doronin (Scarecrow), A. Papanov (Iron Lumberjack), R. Plyatt (Kahioliona Leo), I. Masing (Totoshka, Bastinda), G. Vitsin (Goodwin), M Babanova (Villina), E. Nachalov (Luna o nā Mole Flying), N. Aleksakhin (Guard, Tiger), A. Kostyukova (Mom) a me E. Fridman (Papa).

I Kelemānia, ua kau ʻia nā mea ʻelua radio i ka puke:

• Der Zauberer der Smaragdenstadt, Luna Hoʻokele: Dieter Scharfenberg, LITERA junior 1991, MC.
• Der Zauberer der Smaragdenstadt, Luna Hoʻokele: Paul Hartmann, Deutsche Grammophon - Junior 1994, MC.

I ka makahiki 2006, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mana leo o ka puke ma nā CD ʻelua. Heluhelu ʻia kēia ʻōlelo na ka mea hoʻokani wahine a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Katarina Talbach:

• Der Zauberer der Smaragdenstadt, Jumbo Neue Medien, 2CD, ISBN 3-8337-1533-2

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻīlio

Akā no nā mea ʻepekema a me nā poʻe ʻepekema, ʻo ka wolf he mea weliweli loa. Ua ʻōlelo nā loiloi e hilahila loa nā ʻīlio, ke ʻimi nei lākou i kā lākou maikaʻi loa e pale i ka hālāwai ʻana i kekahi kanaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻatikala ma ka puke ʻepekema ʻo Geo e maopopo ana he poʻe makaʻu kēia poʻe kānaka. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻīlio he helehelena weliweli loa, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo he mau cannibals āpau lākou.

Akamai, nā wīwī paʻakikī.

ʻO Biology Paul Package, nāna i aʻo i ke ʻano o nā ʻīlio no nā makahiki he nui, hāʻule maoli ke aloha i kēia mau holoholona. ʻLelo mai ʻo ia he ʻuhane nā ʻolio: hiki iā lākou ke hauʻoli, ʻeha a hōʻike hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻowahāwahā. Ua nānā ʻo Paulo i ka ʻīlio kahiko, ua nawaliwali loa a palu loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻimi ponoʻī iā ia iho, akā, ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā ​​ʻīlio iā ia mai ka ʻeke, ua hānai lākou iā ia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ka kāne kahiko i ka ʻohana. He mea ʻole, mahalo ka pā iā ia a ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu iā ia e make i ka pōloli. ʻO wai nā holoholona e hiki ke mālama i kēlā ʻano kanaka?

He hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā Flock

Holo manu ka poʻe ʻōpala.

ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻīlio he huki ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻeke. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, he maikaʻi ka hoʻolālā ʻana, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao, hoʻoweliweli ia i ko lākou ola. Holo i nā ʻeke, loaʻa i ka ʻīlio nā meaʻai no lākou iho a hānai i kā lākou pēpē.

Loaʻa i nā wolves ke hoʻolohe maikaʻi, hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ka ʻike maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki, ke lanakila nei i nā wahi lōʻihi, no laila maikaʻi loa ka poʻe lawaiʻa o lākou. Akā ʻaʻole e hoʻouka kēia mau poʻe i ka holoholona i ka lālani, no ka laʻana, he mau kāne ikaika a nui hoʻi. Ua koho lākou i ka mea palupalu nāu, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai no nā holoholona olakino. No laila, he mea pōmaikaʻi nā pōmaikaʻi mai kēia mau mea nāna ka poʻe maikaʻi, no ka mea maikaʻi ua kapa ʻia lākou he "kauoha o ka nahele."

ʻO nā wili komunikasi

He ʻona maikaʻi loa ka ʻīlio ʻana a me kahi hiki ke pane koke i ka hopu.

A ʻo kahi wolf weliweli e laha ana ma luna o kekahi mau kilomita, ʻo kēia kahi kahi o ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā ʻīlio a me ko lākou mau hoahānau. Inā haʻalele kekahi o nā mea hoʻokahi mai ke kaʻina o ka hopu ʻana, a laila piʻi aʻe i ka puʻu a me nā auwe, pēlā e kāhea ana i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka pā.

Eia kekahi, me ke kōkua o ke kuikoa, hōʻike ʻia nā wīlio ua noho mua kēia ʻāina, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe malihini ke ʻōlelo. A i kekahi manawa he mau ʻōlio a ʻano like me kēia mau holoholona, ​​e hōʻike i ko lākou hauʻoli. Ke hoʻomaka nei ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa e ʻoliʻoli ai, me he mea lā ua hauʻoli lākou i ka poʻe mele mele he nui.

I ka pepeiao kanaka, ʻo nā mele like ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia, akā makemake nā ʻīlio e hui pū.

E kiaʻi pono nā wolves i kā lākou wahi.

Ma kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ua loaʻa nā ʻikepili i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio ai: ulu ka ulu, screech grunt, friendly squeak. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana lākou i nā posture kūikawā no ke kamaʻilio ʻana. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau iā lākou e hoʻohui i nā pilina ma ka ʻeke a lawe i kahi kūlana nohona ma waena o ka ʻohana.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻolio

Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻohana like.

E nānā pono iā ʻoe i nā ʻīlio. He hulu māloʻo lākou, maʻamau i ka hina, i kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻeleʻele. Ma ka huluhulu i hui ʻia, ʻeleʻele a me nā lauoho keʻokeʻo i loaʻa. He ʻano ʻuhane loa nā wolves: nā maka melemele.

Mālama nā wahi kūlohelohe a me nā paka no nā ʻīlio

Aia anei kahi pōʻino i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā ʻīlio? ʻAe, mai nā wā i ʻike mua ʻia ai kēia poʻe ʻike i nā wahi a pau, ma ʻAsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a i kēia lā wale nō lākou e noho nei i kekahi mau wahi: i ka USA, Kanada, Alaska a me Russia.

ʻO ka ʻōlio hiamoe ka mea welo a ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

Manaʻo nā kānakaʻepekema ʻoi aku e hana ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe a me nā mālama holoholona. I kēia lā, nui nā paka i ka home no nā holoholona hihiu. Ma ka Banff Park, aia ma Kanaka, ʻaʻole i hui like nā ʻīlio iā 40 mau makahiki, akā i ka makahiki 80, ua hoʻi hou mai lākou mai ka Pōhaku Papa. No nā poʻe he nui, ʻo ka hoʻi ʻana o ka ʻīlio 65 i kā lākou hānau maoli i lilo i hana hoʻomaha maoli. Eia pū kekahi i Wīwī, ua hoʻi mai nā ʻīlio ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kā 50 makahiki. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻi hou lākou ma Italia. Ma ka Kulekaka Kūloko o Kōlepa, aia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hoʻomaka hou nā hūnū e hele hou ʻia i nā makahiki he 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei. I kēia mau lā, nui ka poʻe e kipa ana i ka moena kīkē o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o nā ʻīlio, no ka mea ma mua o kēia mau holoholona he mea hoʻohui o ke kaʻepuni.

ʻO ke hoaaloha o ke ʻīlio a me ke kāne: ke ʻōlelo nei lākou ʻaʻole hiki kea, eia nō naʻe, pili ʻia nā ʻokoʻa.

Akā, ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe hoʻomohala e hoʻi i nā ʻīlio i ko lākou ʻāina. Koi Aloha L.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo David Mack, inā e hoʻi nā poʻe wānana i Yellowstone, a laila ma waho e nānā pono lākou i nā holoholona. He aha ka mea e pili ana i ka lā ʻōpio i loko o kēlā ʻāina i hoʻokolokolo ʻia e ke kanaka ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka hope o nā ʻīlio

Homo ka nui o nā poʻe e hōʻike nei i ko lākou makemake no ka hoʻi ʻana i nā ʻīlio hae e noʻonoʻo pono ana i ke ʻano e nānā nei i kēia poʻe poʻe kuhi. Ua ʻōlelo ka puke ʻo "Wolf: ke ʻano a ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe a puni ka lehulehu" i ka manawa e loaʻa ai i kahi kanaka ke hoʻopakele i nā ʻīlio aia i kahi kūlana paʻakikī. Ua hilinaʻi nui ia i ka ʻike o ke kanaka, no laila e pono e aʻo ʻia ka ʻano o nā ʻīlio.

Pono nā kānaka e ʻike iā lākou iho ʻaʻole nā ​​ka ʻīlio i ko lākou hoʻokūkū, he holoholona maikaʻi loa lākou no ka ʻʻo e hoʻokūkū a me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, no laila pono lākou e mālama pono.

Makee

ʻAʻole holo pono ʻo ka ʻīlio. ʻO ia ka mea e ola ai a hānai i ka ʻohana. Hoʻohui lākou iā lākou e nā manaʻo maikaʻi o ka ʻoluʻolu. He paʻakikī lākou, a hiki ke lanakila i nā lōʻihi ma kahi manawa pōkole loa. ʻAʻole hele ka ʻolio āpau. ʻIke lākou i nā mea i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika ma mua o lākou a hoʻāʻo e pale iā lākou.

ʻO ke ala nui o ke kamaʻilio ʻana

ʻO nā Howl i lawe ʻia e nā ʻīlio ala ke ala o ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me ko lākou ʻano like. No laila e kamaʻilio lākou e pili ana i ka mea pio, kahi e aʻo ai a i ʻole ʻikepili i hoʻohana pono ʻia no nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā pose like ʻole ke kamaʻilio. ʻAe mau nā poʻe Wolves i ka hakakā i ka hope no ko lākou wahi, ʻo lākou nā mea kuleana.

Hoʻowahāwahā a aloha i nā ʻīlio hihiu

I ka haʻiʻana o ka wulona, ​​nui ka manaʻo o ka manaʻo nui a hewahewa lākou, no ka mea ua hana ka poʻe i kuhi hewa e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona, ​​a ua ulu ka makaʻu i ka wā o ke kūpaʻa.

Ka honua pohihihi

ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe i nā ʻīlio, e like me nā mea kikoʻī he nui. Eia kekahi, lawe mai nā liona i nā pilikia he nui i ka poʻe mahiʻai, ʻoiai e ʻimi ana i nā holoholona. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hūnā ʻia o kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā moʻomeheʻe a me nā moʻolelo wahine. I loko o nā moʻo kala, ke hōʻike mau nei kēia mea hoʻowalewale i ka hewa a hewa ʻole. ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka Little Red Riding Hood a no laila makaʻu lākou i nā ʻīlio hihiu, akā pono e ʻike pono ʻole he kumu ʻole nā ​​makaʻu ʻole, no ka mea, e hōʻiki maoli ana nā ʻīlio i nā kānaka.