Nā kiʻi: Blake Matheson
Mālama ka polar o ka polar ma mua o ka 50% o kāna mālama manu. Hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi, a i kekahi manawa no hoʻokahi mahina. Akā inā he ʻai, e ʻai koke ka mea predator mai 10 a 25 kg. Mālama ka ʻōhū polar i nā alima. He mau hola, a i kekahi manawa kekahi manawa, ke kali nei ʻo ia e kali no kāna waiwai i ka lua o ka wai. Ke kū mai nei kahi hōʻailona mai ka wai e hanu ai ka lewa, lele ke poʻo i kona poʻo me kona mau wāwae, pīhoihoi i ka pinniped, a laila huki maila ka holoholona i waho o ka wai i ka wai. Akā i ka manawa ʻai o ka polar bear e loaʻa i nā manu a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole e hōʻole ʻia kahi mea ʻike ʻole mai nā kohola make. ʻIke ka polar bear i ka meaʻai i ka mea ʻono loa - ke lohe nei ia i ka ʻala o ke kahe, a hiki ʻole i kahi o ke kai.
Aia kekahi manawa i hāʻule ai nā mākeke a me nā manu ʻula, e like me ka ʻaila beluga a me nā narwhals, i loko o ka pahele ʻoi loa. Hiki i ka pahele kahi lua lua manuahi, kahi e hōʻiliʻili ʻia ai nā keneki he nui. He mea weliweli lākou a pau e make. Kaa ʻana, ʻike ʻana i kēlā ʻano pahele, neʻe i nā holoholona āpau a hana i kahi papa no ka hoʻoilo. ʻAʻohe o ka mōʻī o ka hoʻoilo hauwā i ka mea kanu, i waena o nā hua ono, ka moss, lichens, me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokū nui loa nā bears polar i ko lākou maʻemaʻe. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia kīʻaha, hāʻawi nā holoholona i 20-30 mau minuke e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou iho i ka lepo o ka meaʻai a me ka lepo.
No ke aha e ʻōleu ai ke aniani polar?
ʻO ka'ōpala'ōmaʻomaʻo liʻiliʻi mau i kekahi manawa e noho i ka hulu o nā bea polar. Aia ka holoholona i kahi anuanu, hoʻomaka ke algae e hoʻonui a pena i ka huluhulu o ka bea i kahi kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Aia ka koholā polar ma ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai a hoʻokani koʻikoʻi i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka kai kai. No ka millennia, he ʻāpana nui lākou i nā moʻomeheu a me nā ʻona waiwai a nā lāhui o ka ʻAlopa. ʻO ka ʻenemi hoʻokahi o kēia hū maoli i ke kanaka. Ua kau nā holoholona huluhulu i kēia holoholona ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hemo. No laila, aia ka bea polar ma ka IUCN Red List ma lalo o ke kūlana o nā mea heʻalā.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO nā wāwae kūikawā
Oshkuy, Nanuk, Umka - ʻo ia wale nō, he bear polar. ʻO Pomors, Eskimos lāua ʻo Chukchi i hāʻawi iā ia i nā inoa like ʻole, akā ʻae like lākou a pau i hoʻokahi mea: ʻo ia ka mea nona ka ʻāina ʻo Arctic.
Ua kauoha ka natura i noho ai ka lua (ma hope o ka crocodile) palena honua nui i ka honua honua i loko o nā wahi polā o ka honua. Akā mālama pono ʻo ia i kāna mau "lako", no ka mea ka bear, ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo ia i ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana. Lawe i ka like like like - keʻokeʻo: hana ia i ka umka ʻike ʻole i ka hoʻoilo, ka mea i ʻoi nui loa i ka wā o ka hopu. He palalaha ka kaalaha o ke anani polar - me kahi kāʻei ʻoi loa ka undercoat. ʻAʻole ia e pale wale i ke kino o ka holoholona mai ka hoʻomoe i ka wai anuanu, akā e mālama pū ka wela. A ʻo ka layer o ka subcutaneous o ka momona - mai 10 a 15 cm - e pale ai i ka holoholona i ka manu, ʻoiai e pili ana ka mahana o ka ea ma lalo o 45 ° C. ʻO nā ʻulilima o nā papa poli i uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu, e hana ana i ʻelua mau hana i hoʻokahi manawa: hiki iā ia ke "mālama i kou wāwae" a kōkua i nā holoholona ʻaʻole e hoʻopalaha. No laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli iā ʻoe e kiko aku i ka hau. Hoʻolaha ka hapa nui o nā lawehala i ka huki hemo, kahi e lawe ai iā lākou i nā kahakai o Islandia a i ka Moana o Okhotk a me ke Kai o Iapana. A i ka hoʻi ʻana i ko lākou ala maʻamau, pono lākou e huakaʻi i kahi lōʻihi i ka ʻākau. Ma ka ʻāina, ua uhi kēia mau awāwa i 5.5 km i hoʻokahi hola, akā inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e holo, kūkulu koke lākou i kahi wikiwiki kūpono loa o 40 km / h. I ka wai, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki. Mahalo i ka membrane launa ma waena o nā manamana lima, hiki i nā ʻapo keʻokeʻo ke ʻauʻau me ka wikiwiki o 6.5 km / h. I ka huli ʻana i ka mea pio, ʻaʻole ia e uku no lākou ma luna o 160 km e ka wai, a hiki paha i ka mea hoʻowahāwahā ke huhū i ko lākou hiki ke noho ma lalo o ka wai: 2 mau minuke ʻole ka lewa!
Lālau i ka hōʻailona, ʻokoʻa a ʻokoʻa hoʻi
Mālama ka mea nona ka Arctic i ka hapalua o kona ʻimi manu. ʻAʻole hoʻi he mea nui inā hoʻomohala ia: ʻaʻole hiki i ka umka ke hana ʻole me ka ʻai no ka malama holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka wikiwiki o 10-lā, e maloʻo kona metabolism - pololei a hiki i ka meaʻai ke komo hou i loko o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka papa ʻai maʻamau o nā mea nāna e kau nei, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlena kani, nā aniani a me nā holoholona moana. I kahi noho, e ʻai ana ka bear mai 10 a 25 kg ka ʻiʻo. Mahalo i ka ʻono maikaʻi, ka hoʻolohe a me ka ʻike, ʻike ʻia nā bea polar i ka mea make, e hala ana iā ia no kekahi mau mau mile. ʻO kahi ʻāpana mānoʻi o ka hau a ʻaʻole i pale iā lākou mai ka honi ʻana i ka meaʻai kūpono.
Hoʻomanawanui ka polar bear, hiki iā ia ke noho no nā lā ma ka lua, e kiaʻi ana i ka mea i loaʻa. Ke hoʻolilo ʻia kahi hōʻailona i kona poʻo mai ka wai, a hāʻule ka wāwae o ka bea ma luna me ka ikaika. Ka, inā e kau ana nā kelima ma luna o ka hau, a laila e loaʻa ka ikaika i ka hāliʻi e hoʻohuli. He mea paʻakikī iā ia ke kūpaʻa me nā walruses: ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lanakila ma luna o ka wai.
I kekahi manawa, i ka wā e hōʻuluʻulu ai ka nui o nā kohola beluga a i ʻole narwhals i loko o ka lua manuahi, mahalo nui ʻo ia: ʻaʻole e kali a make lākou a make maoli lākou, luku ʻo ia iā lākou hoʻokahi, huki iā lākou i ka ʻāina a waiho i nā kupapaʻu i waiho mai. ʻAʻole haʻalele ka karnivore i ke kaomi. He ʻai hona e ʻai i kekahi mea: ke kalaiwa, nā iʻa make, nā hua manu, nā moa a me nā algae. ʻO Umka, e noho kokoke ana i ka hale kanaka, e hōʻuluʻulu i nā hale mālama meaʻai o ka polar expeditions no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a e nānā mau loa i nā ʻōpala. A i ka ʻaina awakea, i loko o ka hapalua hola e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo ia i kāna kapa hulu mai ke koena o ka meaʻai a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe. Makemake no ka maʻemaʻe i kona koko.
Hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO ka lua no nā bea polū kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā ʻole ʻia. Kuke lākou i nā lua liʻiliʻi i loko o ka hau i ka māka piha loa e hūnā mai ke āua. ʻO nā wīhi manu wale nō ka lākou "hale noho" - ka poʻe e kali nei no nā keiki - a ʻo nā kāne kahiko, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī i nā makahiki, no laila ua makemake lākou i ka hiamoe ʻana. A ʻo kēlā mau ʻōpio a me ka freer e hāʻule i ka hibernation, pono i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ka metabolism i ka wā.
Pono nā wahine hānai e hiamoe: 130 mau lā a lākou e hiamoe ai, a i kēia manawa a pau ʻole lākou i ka ʻaina a kī ʻole ʻole. ʻIʻike ʻia ʻo Urea, he mea make ia, akā ʻo ka microflora o ka pīpī o ka polar bears ke kaʻina hana e hana ai i ka huaʻala amino maikaʻi. ʻAʻole pono ka wahine ʻōpiopio e inu i ka wai i ka wā hānau, pono ʻo ia i loaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana momona. Mai kahi lua hau, ua koho ʻia ʻo ka wahine me ka ʻoi loa o ka momona, me ka nalo ʻana ʻaʻole wale ka momona wale nō, akā ʻo 20% mau pūpū o ka naʻau. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi mea ola ʻē aʻe ke neʻe ma muli o ka molomi uaua. Akā ua ʻike nā ʻepekemaʻenehana nā “ʻānō” e aʻo mau ai - a ma ka moeʻuhane. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā lako hana, ua hoʻoholo lākou: i ka wā hānau i loko o kahi holoholona, ʻo kekahi mau mea o ke kino e hoʻomanahana i ka manawa, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o ka pīhoihoi. I ka manawa like, ua emi ka nui o ka puʻuwai o ka be bear, a nawaliwali ʻia ke kahe koko.
E aloha i ke aloha
ʻO nā bean polar he mau wahi moe kūlohelohe. Ua mālie loa lākou no kēlā me kēia a ke nānā nei lākou i nā neutrality. Akā ʻaʻole i ka wā e hoʻokele ai. I kekahi manawa ke hele pū nei ka wahine me ʻehiku mau kāne, ma waena o ia mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e kū mai nā hakakā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke pau ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka wahine i ka estrus (a he ʻekolu mau lā wale nō ia), nalowale nā kāne i ka makemake iā ia. No laila ke kūkulu nei ka bea i ka lua: ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻOkakopa, a ma ka waena o Nowemapa ua neʻe nei ia i kahi noho hou. ʻO ka maʻamau ka koho ʻana i kahi bear i kahi ma luna o ka puʻu, waiho a ke kali nei a kali i kahi ʻino ikaika. A e moe wale nō a uhi ʻia ʻo ia me kahi uhi o ka hau. A laila hoʻoaloheʻe ʻo ia i kahi lua liʻiliʻi me kahi hanu, e ʻā ana i ka hau ma ka ʻā me kona mau wāwae. Pēlā nō i ka hiki i ka ʻona. Ka ʻeli kekahi mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kahi lua ma nā hau hau e neʻe kokoke i kahakai, no ka mea i loko o ka pūnāwai ke ala ʻole i ka wai ʻaʻole nui ka manawa. Hoʻokūkū mua ka wahine i kahi kahe ma loko o ka hau, a laila ma kahi hohonu e pili ana i kahi mika e hahi i ke ana. I "nā lumi" e kū ai ka mahana o ka ea ma luna o ke ʻano. He hale hoʻomaha kūpono ʻo ia no nā bea polar. E hānau ana lākou i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki, ʻaʻohe oʻoi aʻe o ʻekolu mau kūmaha - 500 gram, makapō a kokoke i ʻole ka lauoho. Akā ka mahalo i ka momona a me ka momona o ka waiū, hānai koke lākou i ka ikaika a i loko o ʻelua malama he hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā ʻāpana pōkole. A i ka piha o ʻekolu mau makahiki e hele lākou e hele i ka Arctic me ko lākou makuahine, ka mea, e hānai iā lākou i ka "umauma" a hiki i 1.5 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau no scurvy
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka polar bear. ʻO ka maʻi nui e halihali i ka beau. A ʻaʻole mau pōkole maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he nui nā polar hele e loaʻa i ka scurvy, i kōkua ʻia e ka koko koko. ʻO Julius Payer ka mea noiʻi polar, e kamaʻilio ana no ka holo ʻana o Austro-Hungarian iā Franz Josef Land (1872-1874), i kēia manawa ma kā lākou pepehi ʻana i nā bea poli 67: "Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā māmā a me nā ʻāhā ʻehā no ka papa laulā, ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōlelo i ke kauka, a. loaʻa ka mea kuke i ka puʻuwai. Hele ke koko o ka bear aku i ka pono o nā mea maʻi scurvy, ʻo ka spine a me nā iʻa ua kuʻi ʻia i nā ʻīlio. Hoʻopilikia ka naʻau i ke olakino (ma muli o ka oversaturation me ka huaʻala A. - Kākau). Ua kiola ʻia ia i ka wai, hele ka lolo i ka papa ma ka lumi ʻaina, a hele ka momona i kahi pahu kūikawā. ” A i ka makahiki 1912, ua kuhi ʻo Nikolai Pinegin, he lālā o ka ekspedition ʻo Sedov: "Ua inu nā kānaka olakino a me nā mea maʻi i ke koko wela. A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻole wau he koko lawaiʻa, akā i kēia lā ua hoʻopiʻi au i kēia wai, me ka ʻole e hāʻawi i ke ʻano he mea hoʻowahāwahā ʻia iaʻu: ʻike wau aia i ko mākou kūlana ke kuʻi maikaʻi loa no ka scurvy. "
I kēia mau lā, ke kūpono nei, ʻaʻohe pono o ia ʻano lāʻau. Akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ka palekana nā bea. ʻOiai ke pāpā ʻana i ka lula, a me nā bea polar i hōʻike ʻia, ma ka laʻana, ma ka Red Book of Russia, ka poʻe pōʻai make i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i 150 mau poʻe. A ʻo kēia ʻoiai ʻo ka mea he 25,000 wale nō o lākou i koe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ... Aʻu kahi liʻiliʻi, a e walaʻau mākou i loko o ka hala: "ʻO ʻoe nō kēia, umka?"
Mua o na ʻano
I ka mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokaʻawale ka polar mai ka brown i kahi o 45-150 tausani mau makahiki i hala, aia paha ma ke kahe o Ireland o modern. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike hou kahi hōʻike polar i ka ʻili poloka mai ko lākou mau kūpuna maʻamau me ka bear brown brown 338–934 mano mau makahiki i hala aku nei (he awelika o 600 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a he 100-120 mau tausani i hala aku nei ma muli o ke kuʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻōiwi, hoʻopili ʻia lākou. nā pua ākea āpau i hānau ʻia nā pōpoki.
ʻO ka hala o nā polar a me nā bea enaena i hala ma kahi lōʻihi, ma muli o 2% (i kekahi mau lehulehu, mai 5 a 10%) nā mea akea a nā mea poloa a loaʻa i ka nui o ka huaʻala brown. Ua hoʻohua nā hua polar a me nā bea polū i nā hua kanu, no laila ua like lākou like me ke ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola no ka lōʻihi o nā nolo o nā mea ʻē aʻe; ua like lākou i nā ʻano morphology, metabolism, nā ʻano pilikino, nā meaʻai, a me nā ʻano e like me nā ʻano like ʻole.
Kāleka
ʻO ka polar bear ka mea i koho nui ʻia o ka ʻohana bear a me kahi kauoha o mua. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi i ka 3 m, ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i ka 1 t. Kahi ma ke kau pinepine ʻana he 450-500 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 200-250 cm. ʻO nā wahine wahine ka liʻiliʻi iki (200-300 kg, 160-250 cm). Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo 130-150 cm. Loaʻa nā ʻūʻī liʻiliʻi loa ma Svalbard, ka nui loa - ma ka Kai Bering.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bean polar mai nā ʻalani ʻē aʻe e ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke poʻo ākea. ʻEleʻele kona ʻili. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu i ka keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele, i ke kauwela hiki ke huli i ka melemele ma muli o ka ʻike mau o ka lā. Hōʻele ka lauoho lauoho o ka lākā, a he ulaula nā lauoho. Hoʻolahalaha wale nā lau hulu lōkuhi i nā hihi ultraviolet, e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai wela o ka huluhulu. I ka kiʻi ʻana o ka ultraviolet, ʻike ʻia ke aniani polar. Ma muli o ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lauoho, hiki i ke aniani ke kuʻi i ka manawa "huli i ʻō" ʻehā. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka mahana wela (ma nā zoos), i ka wā i hōʻiholo ʻia ai nā makika mikroskopili i loko o ka hulu.
ʻO nā ʻīhā o nā wāwae i kahuhiluhi ʻia me ka huluhulu i ʻole e hoʻopoka i ka hau a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu. Ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membrane kauʻau, a ʻo ka mua o nā wāwae ua ʻaloli ʻia me nā bristles ikaika. Hiki i nā ʻōiwi nui ke kāohi i ka waiwai pio.
Hōʻailona ka polar
Noho nā polona i ka Arctic, Greenland a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAsia. ʻOi aku ka makemake e noho i loko o ka wai wai i ka wai. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona i ke ola i loko o ke kaena o Arctic icy. ʻO kā lākou hulu keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha a iʻa paha e hāʻawi i ka pale maikaʻi loa e pale i ke anuanu.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka nui o kēia bea ma mua o ka liona a me ka tiger. Aia ma hea kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā wale ʻia no kā mākou holoholona polū Lūkini! ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma 3 mika. ʻOiai i pinepine mau pinepine 2-2.5 m. A polū o ka bear polar aneane hapa hapalua. He kaupaona kekahi kāne makua he 450-500 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi nā wahine. Kau paona mai 200 a 300 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 1,3 a 1.5 m.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi holoholona loea e hele pinepine i ka 1.4 m.o ka ikaika nui o ka holoholona i pili i kēia mau helu. Hōʻike pinepine nā hiʻohiʻona i ka wa e hali koke ana ka bea i kahi mea nui, kahi mea paʻa, a i ʻole ka walrus.
ʻOi aku ka pīhoihoi o ka dexterity kupaianaha o kēia holoholona hihiu, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo, hāʻawi i kona paona. ʻOkoʻa kona helehelena me nā bean ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, ke keʻokeʻo loa ia. Ma kahi kūlike kona lauoho, mai ke keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka melemele. I ka hoʻoilo, ua māmā ia i ke kauwela, i ke kauwela ka mea e kua melemele ma lalo o ka lā.
Hōʻike polar i ke kiʻi E hoʻohuli hou aku i kahi kū aʻe o ke ʻano o nā kikowaena ʻōiwi maoli. Aia kona helehelena aneane e hui pū me nā mikmock aisa, kū ihukū ʻeleʻele a me nā maka he kū i ke kūlana maʻamau. E maopopo ia i ka maikai o ke ano maoli o keia holoholona.
ʻAʻole ia e like me kahi waʻa maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ona kino, akā he "hoʻolulima." He lei lōʻihi, he poʻo ākea, he ihu lōʻihi a paʻakikī. Aia kekahi hōʻike ʻana hiki iā ia ke honi i ka ʻōpio i ka mea ʻokiʻoki ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana ʻehā hoʻokahi ka umu.
Ua mālama maikaʻi ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o kona "lole", no ke ʻano haki. He mānoanoa a koʻikoʻi kona kapa, a he waiwai maikaʻi ʻo ia. Hoka nā lauoho, waiho ʻia i nā hihi o ka lā.
Aʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kino ma lalo o ke kapa, a hoʻomoʻo ia i ka maikaʻi, e hoʻomau ana i ka wela. ʻO nā wāwae o ka mea wailua he ikaika loa, e pau ana me nā wāwae nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻalāʻau wāwae i ka huluhulu i ʻole e hoʻopalulu ʻia a puni ka poʻe, ʻaʻole a kaʻawale.
Aia nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana lima, ke kōkua iā ia e ʻauʻau. Ua uhi ʻia ka mua o ka wāwae i nā bristles paʻakikī. Hūnā ʻia nā ʻōpū nunui ma lalo o ia, kahi e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hopu a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiwai a hiki i kou hiki ʻana me kou mau niho.
Maʻa nui nā kui āpau, hoʻomōhala ʻia, aia ma luna o 42 mau niho. Heʻu liʻiliʻi ka hiku o ka bei polū, mai 7 a 13 cm ka hana ʻia i lalo o ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ke kua o ka kua.
Hoʻohālikelike ka holoholona e ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka dexterity. ʻO kahi pilina pili i ka bear brown, kahi mamao loa ia. Hiki koke ke holo wikiwiki ʻole a lele i ka 6 km ma ka ʻāina, e wikiwiki ana i ka 40 km / h, ma mua o ke ahonui ʻana, e hoʻomanawanui i ka mea i holo mai. Noho maikaʻi ʻo Sneaks, koho pono i ke manawa kūpono, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka palūalelo ʻana o ka lepo, hoʻouka ʻia e ka pīhoihoi a me ka wikiwiki.
Pale ʻo ia a hoʻohemo maikaʻi. Hiki i ke kau mokulele ma kahi ākea kūpono loa, ma ka wikiwiki a hiki i 7 km / h. ʻO ka poʻe Mariners, e hele ana ma ke kai ʻākau, ua hālāwai pinepine me nā waʻa polar eʻauʻau ana i ke kai ākea e mamao loa mai ke kapakai.
Hoʻohui ʻia i kēia ʻano ikaika a pau loa o ka polar master a me ka weliweli weliweli, a lilo nō ia i maopopo no ke kumu o ka ʻūlima ʻākau e hopohopo nei ka honua a pau i kēia lawenaʻa. ʻO walrus wale nō, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā lila lōʻihi, ke komo i ke kaua me ka bea ʻākau. A ʻo ke kanaka e ʻohi ana i nā pū, kāhea aku hoʻi i ka holoholona. ʻOiai, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu o ka nalo catastrophic o kahi holoholona weliweli.
ʻIke mākou i nā hoahānau pili pili loa o ka polar bear i ka bear brown, kahi bear grizzly, he bear Malay, he baribal (black bear), a Himalayan bear a me kahi panda. ʻAʻohe mau ʻano āpau nei, piʻi maikaʻi, ʻauʻau, holo wikiwiki ke kū a hiki ke kū a hele no ka wā wāwae ma luna o ko lākou mau wāwae hind.
He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lole, nā ʻeke pokole a me nā ʻono maikaʻi loa. He ihu pilikino ka ihu no lākou. Hoʻokahi kūloko ʻo ke poʻo i ka ihu e alakaʻi mau ai i ka mea kuhi i waho o ka rut.
ʻO Brown bear ka mea i kaulana kaulana o kēia hui. E māhele ʻia ma luna o kahi wahi ākea loa o Eurasia - mai Sepania a Kamchatka, mai Lapland a i ka mauna Atlas.
Aia kekahi mau ʻike ʻē aʻe mai ka maʻamau maʻamau (ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, roanā - Syrian), akā hewa lākou. Mālama ʻia kona ʻano maʻamau i loko o kona noho maʻamau: nui (a hiki i ka 2 m ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona a hiki i 300 kg), kaumaha, clubfoot. He pālahalaha ka kapa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala, a nui ke poʻo.
He kino weliweli ka bear, akā naʻe ʻaʻole nā mea weliweli. Kuhi ʻia ke ʻano o kēia holoholona hihiu i ke aloha o ka maluhia a me ka phlegmatism. Noho ke kala a hina paha i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Kāhea lākou iā ia grizzly. Ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o kāna kīpē brown, hiki i ka 2.5 m, ʻoi ka nui (hiki i 400 kg) a ikaika ʻole ma mua o kēlā.
ʻO kona kino lōʻihi me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele poʻo, kahi poʻo ākea ākea a me nā wāwae puhiha nui i paʻa pū me nā kīwaha ikaika a hiki i 12 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻike koke ʻia. ʻO kēia mea wānana, ʻaʻole e like me ka mea mua, he koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻopunipuni.
E hele ana nā moʻolelo weliweli i kāna ʻano. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole ia e puka, hōʻeha iā ia a ʻaʻole paha. Ua lawa ia e ʻike i ke kanaka e puki iā ia. He paʻakikī loa ka hūnā iā ia; holo koke ʻo ia a ʻauʻau maikaʻi.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā kānaka ʻAmorika e hōʻike aku i kahi o ka ikaika i kēlā me kēia ʻenemi ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kanaka. ʻO ka poʻe nāna i kuʻi iā ia a hana iā lākou iho i lei lei o nā iwi a me nā niho o kahi ʻiliʻī, ua mahalo nui lākou i ka ʻohana.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia hoahānau, ʻo kekahi ʻānela ʻAmelika he baribal, a he bea uliuli paha. He helehelena hapa āna iā ia, he liʻiliʻi iki ia ma mua o kahi grizzly, he mau wāwae pōkole a he huluhulu lōʻihi hoʻi o ke kala ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea i kapa no ka ʻūlū asia Himaia. ʻO ka poʻe Iapana e kapa iā ia ʻo Kuma, nā ʻianslio - Balu lāua ʻo Zonar. Ua lohi loa kona kino ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona mau hoahānau, ua kau ʻia kona poʻo, ke poʻo a me ka ihu he laina pololei.
Pono nā pepeiao, a pōkole, ua pōkole nā wāwae, pōkole hoʻi nā kui, ʻoiai he ikaika. ʻO ka hulu ʻeleʻele ke kala i ke kala, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma. Kāleka a hiki i 1,8 m, a ʻo nā mea āpau e pili ana iā 110-115 kg. Ua like ia me kahi brown i kona ala o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku.
Aia ka be nui ʻōlima Malay, a i ʻole ʻo Biruang, ma Indochina a me ka Mokupuni o Hawaiʻi. He lōʻihi a lōʻihi, he poʻo nui kona poʻo me ka puʻupuʻu ākea, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka pokole.
Hoʻopau nā wāwae maikaʻi loa me nā puʻuwai ikaika. ʻEleʻele ka lole, me nā kukui ʻulaʻula māmā ma ka muzzle a me ka umauma. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe, e lōʻihi a hiki i 1.5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe a 70 kg. ʻO ka launa punahele ka lāʻau kanu niu.
A ʻo ka hopena hope loa, ʻo kahi panda ka bild. ʻOiai makemake kekahi e hoʻonoho iā ia i waena o nā raccoons. Noho ana ma Kina. ʻEleʻele ka keʻokeʻo a me ke keʻokeʻo, nā kelepa ākea kaulana a puni nā maka. ʻEleʻele a me nā wāwae. Hiki iā ia ke hiki i 1,5 m ke lōʻihi, a kaupaona ʻo ia i 150 kg. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. He hōʻailona ia o Kina.
Kālā
Noho ia ma nā ʻāpana rotumpolar ma ka ʻākau ʻākau o ka Honua.
E māhele ʻia ana i ka circumpolarly, i ke ʻākau - a hiki i 88 ° C. w lu. , ke kūkulu hema - a hiki i Newfoundland, ma ka ʻāina nui - i ka wao Arctic i ka zona tundra. Ma ka Russian Federation, noho lākou ma Chukotka Autonomous Region ma ke kahakai ʻo Arctic, a me ka wai o nā Chukchi a me Bering Seas. ʻO ka nui o nā kaona polar Chukchi ka nui o ka honua.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka polar?
Noho ka polar i ka ʻāina polar o nā ʻāpana ʻākau ʻehā, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i ka holoholona e noho nei ma nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻole ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hau hoʻoilo. ʻAʻole ka hapa nui o nā bea ma kahi aku o 88 degere ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻākau, ʻoiai ka hapa nui o kā lākou kahele ʻana ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Newfoundland Island, nona ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ko lākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻāʻo ana e launa pū me kahi mea hoʻomao.
Ke kamaʻāina maikaʻi ʻia nā mea noho o nā Arctic a me nā tundra o Lūkini, Greenland, ka USA a me Kanada me ka bear keʻokeʻo. Noho ka hapanui o nā holoholona ma nā wahi me ka haki, ka hau aila, kahi e noho ai nā kohu a me nā walrus. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka aniani ma kahi kokoke i kahi lāʻau ʻala nui, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ia mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ana o kahi hōʻailona a hōʻailona paha i ka hulu mai ka hohonu.
ʻAʻole hiki ke koho pololei i ka ʻāina ākea kahi e noho ai ka polar. ʻO nā ākea nui o nā holoholona i kapa ʻia ma hope o kā lākou pūʻulu nui. No laila, makemake ka hapa nui:
- nā kahakai o ka ʻaoʻao o ka moana ʻo Kara a me East Siberia, nā wai anuanu o ka Laptev Sea, nā mokupuni ʻo Novosibirsk a me nā ʻāina ʻo Novaya Zemlya (nā kānaka o Laptev), nā kahakai o Barents, ke komohana komohana o ke kai Kara, nā mokupuni o ka ʻāina puni ʻo Novaya Zemlya, nā Frans Joseph a me Spitsbergen Land (Kara-Barents Sea populasyon). , Ke kai Chukchi, ka ʻaoʻao moana Bering, ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao Siberian East, Wrangel a me Herald Islands (Chukchi-Alaskan populasyon).
Noho pololei ma ka Arctic, ʻaʻole hiki i nā bea keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, ʻoluʻolu i nā kai souther a me nā mea mahana. Ka loli ka noho ʻana a pili pū me nā palena o ka hau polū. Inā holo pololei ka ʻōpiopio a Arctic a hoʻomaka ka hau, a laila e hele kokoke nā holoholona i ka pou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i ka hema, makemake i nā ʻāina kahakai i uhi ʻia a me ka ʻāina nui.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Noho ka poli ma nā ʻāpana polana o ka ʻākau ʻākau o ka Honua. He kamaʻāina ʻo ia o nā kuʻuna ʻākau. Ma Lūkia, hiki ke ʻike i ke kahakai ʻo Arctic o Chukotka, i ka mokupuni o Chukchi a me Bering Seas.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Chukchi i kona manawa ka mea nui loa ma ka honua. Wahi a nā noiʻi, ua noho ka nui o nā ʻelele nui ma ke kai Barents, ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Spitsbergen. Ke hoʻomaka nei i nā nīnau hiki, haʻi ʻia iā mākou e loaʻa i ka bear polar ma Antarctica. ʻO kona ʻāina hānai i ka ʻAropa.
Noho ka ʻona ʻākau i nā wahi i kokoke i ka wai. Hiki i ka ʻauʻau ke hele malū a kūpaʻa moana. Hana ia nā neʻe i ka manawa me ka loli i ka palena o ka hau polar: i ke kauwela ua haʻalele ia me lākou a kokoke i ka pou, i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. No ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi ʻāina.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau ke hele i nā wahine i ka wā hānau, ʻoiai e kali ana no ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs. I loko o kēia manawa ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e neʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hōʻino i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila ʻo ka pua. Aiaʻo 80-90 lā. ʻAno male a me nā wahine ʻē ʻole e manaʻo nei i ka huaʻi kekahi i nā manawa hānau wale nō, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi a ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka bear ka lawena lawaiʻa maikaʻi, a ʻo ke kapa mānoʻo hoʻi maikaʻi ke pale aku iā ia mai ka wai anuanu. Hoʻokomo pū kahi lau mānoanoa o ka momona subcutaneous i ke pale ʻana i ka anuanu. Ua hūwū ʻo ka holoholona i ka hau a me ka hau, maʻa mau i ka lewa no kekahi mau kilomita, aneane hiki ʻole ke pakele a makana paha.
Hōʻike pinepine ka poʻe hele polu i ka wā me ka tales o ka holoholona hihiu. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻaʻole e kānalua i ka komo ʻana i nā moku i paʻa i ka hau i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Hoʻokomo lākou i ka hui holoʻokoʻa ma ka ʻōpana, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa i nā poʻe holo moku. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia aku i nā kau hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, luku i ka hale o nā poʻe holo kipa, haki ka hale, hoʻāʻo e wāwahi i loko.
Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka moʻolelo o ka mea hoʻokolokolo polar i ka hoʻohua ʻana o kēia holoholona. ʻOiai me ka mea kaua, hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻoho nui i ka leo e hoʻoweliweli i ka holoholona a kau iā ia. Ua aʻo ʻia ke kū malu o ka hau e makaʻu i nā walaʻi nui.
Holo ka holoholona hihiu lele. Ua hūnā ʻo ia i loko o ka hau e ho'ōla. Eia naʻe, inā hoʻoholo kekahi e kūʻē i nā ʻāpana a komo i ka lua o ka holoholona, e lilo ia i hoa koʻikoʻi. A laila ʻaʻole e kāpae kekahi i kahi pū kī.
He naʻauao a me ke kaumaha ʻole, akā ʻaʻole palupalu. ʻLelo lākou, ua hāʻule i ka lā keʻokeʻo, holo ka poʻe. A laila hoʻomaka ka mea predator e alualu iā lākou. I ke ala, hoʻolei lākou i kā lākou mau mea - nā pāpale, nā lei, nā lāʻau, kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua kāpae ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia manawa a maʻa pinepine i ka loaʻa, e nānā ana i kēlā me kēia mea i ka nānā aku. ʻAʻole ia i akaka ke nānā ʻana o ka bea i nā kānaka, a i ʻole makemake ʻia paha i kā lākou mea maʻamau. Ma ke hopena, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ke kaumaha o ka mea nāna i kū mai nā kānaka e pakele mai ia mea.
ʻO ka maʻamau, noho wale nā bears, me ka ʻole e hana i nā pūʻulu ʻohana nui. ʻOiai i loko o kahi hōʻuluʻulu paʻa ma waena o lākou i kahi hierarchy a me ka hoʻopaʻi paʻa. ʻO ka mea nui ka mea nui i ka manawa. ʻOiai ua kūpaʻa loa lākou kekahi i kekahi. No nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō, hiki i nā bea pākeke ke lilo i pōʻino.
Kuhi ʻia i ko lākou wā ʻōpio, hiki i nā bea polar ke noho me ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā poʻe. Pono lākou i ka ʻauʻau kau ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻoilo. E pili ana i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi ka pilikia me lākou, no ka mea ua ʻai lākou i nā mea āpau - ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa, a me ka meli. Me nā bea lawe pio, he nani maikaʻi ʻole lākou. I ka ʻelemakule lilo lākou i mea huhū. ʻIke ʻia nā kihi ua ola lākou i 25-30 mau makahiki a hoʻonui ʻia.
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
Noho ʻo ia ke kai kūleʻa a me ka wai paʻa, kahi e noho ai ma ka mea nui i loaʻa i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia: ka hōʻailona paʻa, ka lepona moana, walrus a me nā holoholona moana. Puhi aku ʻo ia iā lākou, ma ke ana mai ka hope o nā pā, a i ʻole nā lua; i ka manawa e hū ai ka holoholona i kona poʻo mai ka wai, ʻā ka ʻūlani me ke kīpē a huki iā ia i ka hau. ʻO kekahi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka papaʻi hau ma lalo o nā mea i ʻike ai ma lalo. Hiki ke mālama ʻia Walrus ma luna o ka ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi manawa i ka lawehala beluga i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka hau ma ka hau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻai ʻo ia i ka ʻili a me nā momona, ke koena o ke kalōni - wale nō i ka hihia o ka pōloli nui. ʻO nā koena o ka waiwai pio e ʻai i nā ʻalopeke. I kekahi manawa, koho i ka ʻumi, nā lemmings, nā iʻa make, nā hua a me nā ʻōpio, hiki ke ʻai i ka mauʻu a me ka ʻōpala, ʻai i nā ʻōpala i nā wahi i kahi ʻia. ʻIke ʻia nā ala o ka ʻaihue i nā hale ʻai meaʻai o ka polar expeditions. Mai ka hopu ʻia, loaʻa ka polar bear i ka nui o ka huaora A, e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o kāna ona.
Hana ia nā neʻe i ka manawa me ka loli o ka makahiki i ka palena o ka hau polar: i ke kauwela ua kiʻi hou ia i ka pou me lākou, i ka hoʻoilo ka neʻe i ka hema, ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāina. ʻOiai ka mālama polar i mālama nui ʻia ma ke kahakai a me ka hau, i ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ia ke moe ma kahi lua ma ka ʻāina a i nā mokupuni, i kekahi manawa 50 km mai ke kai.
Hōʻalo nā wahine hāpai i ka wā hānau i nā lā 50-80. Nā pōkole a me nā wahine wa kauwela no ka manawa pōkole a ʻaʻohe makahiki.
ʻOiai ka moʻo ʻana o ka lohi, ʻike ʻia nā bea polū a me ka wikiwiki ma ka ʻāina, a maʻalahi e ʻauʻau a hoʻoilo i ka wai. Mālama loa ke kapa koʻikoʻi a pale i ka kino o ka bea mai ka hoʻoilo a hoʻoilo i ka wai hau. Ke ʻano nui i hana koʻikoʻi e ka layer ikaika o ka momona subcutaneous a hiki i ka 10 cm mānoanoa. Kōkua ke keʻokeʻo e hoʻonoho ai i ka mea nāna e hana. Maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka ʻono, ka lohe a me ka ʻike - hiki i ka lālani ke ʻike i kāna mea i loaʻa no kekahi mau kilomita, ʻo ke kelepona paʻa ʻo ke kālā hiki ke ʻike no ka 800 m, a, ʻo ka hele pololei ʻana ma luna o kāna pūnana, lohe ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Wahi a nā memoir o Vice Admiral A.F.Smelkov, he kolikela kaʻauʻau e huki ʻia ana e kahi mokuahi hiki ke holo i ka 3,5 mau puʻupuʻu (kokoke i 6.5 km / h). Ka mooolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka lawoʻa ʻana ma 685 km, ua lawe ʻia ma ke kai ʻo Beaufort e ka bea, ʻo kaʻauʻau mai Alaska a i ka ʻūlani no ka ʻikepili no nā kuhi hopu. I loko o kāna kaukau ʻeiwa lā no ke kau ʻana, ua nalowale ʻo ka be bear i kāna mau makahiki heʻumi makahiki a nalowale 20%. Nānā ka neʻe o ka holoholona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi beacon GPS pili i ia.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO nā holoholona hoʻokahi. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua maluhia lākou e pili ana kekahi i kekahi, akā ke kūlohelohe ʻia nei ma waena o nā kāne i ka wā o ka hoʻomoe. ʻaʻole kumu i koho ʻia ma 1099 mau lā ]. Hiki i nā kāne pākeke ke hoʻouka i nā cubs.
Laki mai Malaki a Iune. ʻO 3-4 nā kāne maʻamau e hahai i ka wahine ma estrus. I ka mahina o ʻOkakopa, ʻoka nā wahine i ka lua i nā kahakai hau kahakai. Loaʻa nā bears i nā wahi punahele kahi e hōʻuluʻulu nui ʻia ai nā pēpē, no ka laʻana, e pili ana. ʻO Wrangel a i ʻole Franz Josef Land, aia kahi 150-200 mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho wale ʻo Bears i nā lairs aia i ka waena o Nowemapa, i ka wā i pau ai ke ʻano o ka wā hapai. ʻO nā manawa āpau o ka hāpai ʻana he 230-250 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā kūleʻa i ka waenakonu a i ʻole ka pau o ka hoʻoilo o Arctic. Noho ka wahine ma ka ʻōpū a hiki i ʻApelila.
He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kolohe: ʻo ka wahine mua ka hānau ʻana i nā keiki i ka makahiki 4-8 mau makahiki, hānau ʻana hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki a he 1-3 mau keiki i loko o ka litter, no laila e hūnā ʻole i ka 10-15 cubs i loko o kona ola. ʻAno nā poʻomanaʻo hou, e like me nā oro a pau, a he nui ka 450 a i ka 750 g. Ma hope o 3 mau mahina, e haʻalele ka wahine i ka lua me lākou a hele i ka nohona holoholo. Noho nā cubs me ia a hiki i ka 1,5 mau makahiki, i kēia manawa a pau ka hānai iā lākou me ka waiū. Aia ka make ma waena o nā cubs i ka 10-30%.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ola he lōʻihi o 25-30 mau makahiki, ma ka lawe pio ʻana i kahi palapala o ke lōʻihi lōʻihi he 45 mau makahiki. Hiki i nā polar polar ke hoʻopiʻi me ka brown a hāʻawi i kahi ulu pono (hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hua) nā huaʻai - nā polar grizzlies.
ʻĀina waiwai
ʻO ka poʻe noho o ka Arctic, no ka laʻana ʻo Eskimos, e loaʻa i ka bea polū no ke kino a me ka ʻiʻo. Ma Lūkia, ua pāpā loa ʻia ka hopu ʻana iā ia mai ka makahiki 1956, ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe (USA, Canada a me Greenland) i palena ʻole. No ka laʻana, nā ʻāpana kuʻuna no ka hua pio polar a puni ka ʻāina Kanada o Nunavut penei: 2000-2001 - 395, 2001-2002 - 408, 2002-2003 - 392, 2003-2004 - 398, 2004-2005 - 507 kanaka . ^ E Ha yM.
Ka nohona kūloko a me ka pale
Kānā ʻia ka polar bear ma ka International Red Book a ma loko o ka Red Book of Russia. ʻO ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻouluʻana a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio e maʻalahi kēia mau holoholona.
Mai ka makahiki 1957, ma ke kauoha a ka 'Aha Kuhina o nā Kuhina o ka RSFSR, ua hoʻokō' ia ka pāpā 'ana i ka hana o nā bea polar. Ma ka mokupuni o Wrangel i ka makahiki 1960, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pā hale, hana hou ʻia i ka makahiki 1976 i loko o ka Wrangel Island State Reserve.
I ka makahiki 2014, ua helu ʻia ka heluna kanaka (ma ka honua) he 20,000-255,000 kanaka.
Ma ka makahiki 2008, me ke kākoʻo o ke Aupuni Lūkia, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma luna o nā papahana e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻana o nā holoholona ʻai ʻehā a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka mea nui o ka Lūkini, me ka papahana Polar Bear. Mai 2010, ua kākoʻo ʻia kēia papahana e ka Russian Geographical Society.
Ma Lūkia, aia he 5-7 tausani mau polona polar, a ʻo ke ʻano pana kai poʻi makahiki he 150 a i 200 mau kanaka. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o Dixon, ua pau iki ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka polar bear. I ka wā ʻo Pleistocene, ma kahi o 100 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kao nunui o ka puhulu puaʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui.
Ma 2013, ua koho ʻia ka nui o nā bea polū ma Lūkini e 5-6 tausani kanaka. Ma hope o 2018, hoʻomaka ka hana i kahi moʻolelo piha o nā bears polar ma Rusia.
Hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe
ʻIke ʻia nā kuʻuna polar e kūʻē i nā kānaka mai nā moʻolelo a me nā hōʻike o nā mea huakaʻi polar. No laila, ua komo pinepine ʻia nā mea i komo i ka polar holomua wali Waleman Willem Barents, i ko lākou hoʻoilo i Novaya Zemlya i Nowemapa 1596 - Mei 1597
Hoʻololi i nā wahi i kahi pilikia o ka bea, pono ia me ka akahele. I nā pae ʻana o kēlā mau wahi e pono ai kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻāina e hiki ai ke maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai i nā waʻa.
Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Churchill ma ka moku kolona o Manitoba, kahi e noho ai nā bea polar he nui, he hale paʻahao kūikawā no ka mālama ʻana i nā waʻa kau e kokoke ana i ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻohewa i ka poʻe noho.
Ma ka moʻomeheu
Ma mua he mea nui a ikaika ka poʻe pōʻino, i kekahi manawa pōʻino i ka poʻe, ua lilo ka lōʻihi poli i mea hoʻohanohano i ka moʻomeheu o waena o nā kānaka kīwē o ke Akau.Ma nā hana i noi ʻia i loko o nā Chukchi - ka hana kālai kiʻi ʻana ma ka iwi a me nā leona walrus - ʻo kekahi o nā mea punahele punahele i ka hana aloha o kahi bogatyr-hunter me umka.
I loko o nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻomeheu o ka Eskimos, nā bear bear nanook ʻO ia nō hoʻi kahi kikoʻī o nā ʻano mana ikaika o ke ʻano, i ka hui kū a me ke kanaka ʻōpala a ke kīwīwī i ke ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka kahi kō. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia manaʻo o ka Eskimos e pili ana i ka bear polar ma ka moʻolelo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻAmelika ʻo Jack London, "The Legend of Kish."
I ka moʻolelo ʻo Lea Geraskina "Ma ka'āina aʻoi ʻole i aʻo ʻia," nui ka hana a ka polar i ka mea nui. Ua nalo aku ʻo ia i ka Pona Akau ma muli o ka kuhi hewa ʻana o Vitya Perestukin i kapa ʻia nā ʻona ʻino. Ma ka hopena hope, i kapa pololei ʻo Vitya i nā ʻalā lele, ua hoʻi ka bear i ka Pole ʻĀkau.
ʻO Danmmons's science fiction novel Terror, i hoʻopuka ʻia ma USA i ka makahiki 2007, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke koʻolau e hopohopo nei i ka holo mua ʻana o John Franklin (1845–1848). Tuunbak - ka pua ʻaanisa keu he lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 4 mika a keu ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana.
Nā helu heluʻomika
- Hōʻike ka pōkole makua i ka wai hau hamo hoʻoneʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kua o ke kālā Kanada ma nā hōkū he $ 2. (ka hoʻopulapula kālā ʻana mai Pepeluali 19, 1996 a hiki i kēia wā).
- ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi pākeke polar i ka wai kīwaha maʻa i hala ma kekahi o nā waihona kālā o ka waihona kālā ʻemala US-US i hoʻohiki ai i ka mokuʻāina ma Alaska. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka papa hana me ke kiʻi o kahi hana crizzly i lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa i lanakila (ua holo ʻia ke kālā mai ʻAkake 23, 2008 a hiki i kēia manawa).
- Aia ke kiʻi o kahi beahi polar a me kahi bea Teddy i loaʻa nā kālā o 5 euro (keleawe keleawe a me nā kala kālā). Ua hoʻopuka ʻia nā kālā kālā ma ka makahiki o ka Austrian Mint.
"Umka" ma Chukchi ʻo ia ka huaa, a, ʻoi aku paha, he "makua kāne male polar bear"
Halepule
- ʻUa Umka (ke keiki ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo) - ke ʻano o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni iā Umka, ke ʻimi nei ʻo Umka i kahi hoaaloha, a ʻo Umka ma ka lāʻau Kalikimaka. Hōʻike pū ʻia i loko o nā ʻokika "Elka a me ke Star Postman" a me "Elka", i mea he ʻano kekua o ke kanaka a he makua kāne o ka protagonist.
- ʻO Elka - kahi keokeo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ke ʻano o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Elka a me ka Star Postman" a me "Elka", kahi moopuna o Umka.
- Pilikino keʻokeʻo (keokeo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo) i ka paʻi kiʻi ʻia "Mi-mi-bears." Mai ka ʻĀina ʻĀkau. Hōʻailona, kūpono, aloha i ke ʻano a mālama pono i kona mālama.
- ʻO ka Polar Bear ka mea koʻikoʻi o ka cartoon English English Bear, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai i ka puke a nā keiki a Raymond Briggs o ka inoa like ʻole.
- I ka pakuhi "In the Country of Unlearned Lessons," puka mai ka polar bear. E like me ka moʻolelo, nalowale ʻo ia i ka Pole Akau. Akā inā ma loko o ka moʻolelo ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ka bea, a laila ma ke kiʻi paʻi ke ʻike hoʻokahi wale nō kāna. Eia kekahi, i ka pakuhi, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka bear e hoʻi i ka Pole ʻĀkau.
- ʻO Yorek Birnison kekahi polar bear kaulike mai ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni The Golden Compass, kiʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka Philip Pulman trilogy Dark Startnings.
- Bernard - kahi bear polar, ke ʻano o ka hanana animated "Bernard".
- Keokeo (Ice bear) - ke ʻano o ka hana i ka animated Ke kū i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa e pili ana i nā bea.
Mea ʻai
Polar bearholoholonahānau no ke kiʻi. Loaʻa nā mea āpau no ka pōmaikaʻi - a me nā membranes ma luna o nā wāwae no ka ʻauʻau, a he laʻi maikaʻi loa, a me ka hihio maikaʻi, a me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi ʻana. Holo aku ia, lele, holo ʻeleʻele, pale ʻole iā ia iho. ʻO kāna kūlana ma ke ʻimi he lua no kekahi i ke Akau.
Hiki i kekahi mea ʻike ʻia ka mea i pio nona. Holo ʻo ia i ka ʻāina a me ka wai, ʻai nui i ka ʻiʻo a me ka iʻa. Mea pio punahele - sila hōʻailona a me ka hare. Hiki iā ia ke honi iā lākou ma o ka mānoʻi o ka hau, a hoʻomanawanui hoʻomau i ka lua. A i ʻole ʻae aku i ka wai. Pepono ʻo ia i ka mea pio, a laila hoʻomaka i ka pā o ka ʻili a me ka momona. ʻO kēia ka mea i makemake nui ʻia o ke kino o ka mea pio.
ʻAʻole lākou e ʻai i ka ʻai hou, me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka wā pōloli. Kōkua ia papa papahele iā lākou e hōʻiliʻili i ka vitamin A i mea e ola ai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. Nā moana, nā walruses ʻōpio, belugas, narwhals, iʻa ka poʻe i hiki i nā mea hopu. Ma ka ʻāina, hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka mea reindeer, wolf, fox arxic.
I kekahi manawa, ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo wai, ʻeli lākou i nā aʻa e hoʻolaʻa i nā meaʻai o ka protein. I mea e lawa ai, pono ia i ka 7 kg o ka meaʻai. Pono kahi kanaka hānai pōʻai e pono ma mua o 15 kg.
Inā hiki i ka mea pepehi ke pakele iā ia, ʻaʻole nona ka ikaika no kahi hopu hou, a laila ka iʻa, ka ʻula, nā hua manu, a me nā moa e hele i ka ʻai. Aia i ka manawa o kahi pīkī e koi ikaika ai e lilo i mea pilikia loa. Hiki iā ia ke hele i waho o nā nohona o nā kānaka, ʻīlī i loko o ka ʻōpala, a hōʻino nō hoʻi i kahi kanaka.
ʻAʻohe haʻalele ia i ke algae a me nā lau mauʻu, wikiwiki koke ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā hōʻola momona. ʻO kēia ka nui o nā mahina kauwela, ma kahi o 120 mau lā. ʻO ka mea a ka holoholona e ʻai ai i kēia manawa - ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka helu. ʻAi loa ʻo ia i nā mea a pau.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, he nui nā ʻenemi ka holoholona. ʻO nā walrus wale nō ka mea hānai iā ia me nā kahu o lākou. Hiki i nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ke ʻeha ʻia i kahi ʻīlio a i ʻole nā ʻīlio. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi nui iā ia a ʻoiai ke noho mau nei. ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo iā ia e pepehi iā ia no ka mea huna kahi nui a me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
E ulu a make i ka ʻohana e 4 ʻohana. ʻOi aku ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne ma mua o ʻelua. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka hopena o Malaki a kū i ke kakahiaka ʻo Iune. Hiki i kekahi keʻa e mālama ʻia e kekahi mau mea noi. I kēia manawa, ulu nā hakakā nui no ke aloha ma waena o lākou. Inā pilikia paha nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi inā hāʻule lākou i loko o ka pā hale.
Hōʻike keiki i nā keiki ma kahi o 250 mau lā, aneane 8 mahina. Hoʻopilikia ke kahuhipa e ka embryo. Pono e hoʻomākaukau ka makuahine mana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pūpū a me ka wā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
Aia ma kahi o ka lā hope o ʻOkakopa, hoʻopiha ʻo ia i kāna moena. Nui nā eli i kā lākou lua i kahi kokoke i kūkulu ʻia. Alaila moe ihola ia. A i ke waena o Nowemapa, hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā embryo.
I ka waena o ʻApelila, kū i ka wahine, a hānau ʻia nā keiki he 1-3. He ʻuʻuku loa lākou, ke kaupaona nei kēlā me kēia hapalua he kilo. Ua hānau ʻia lākou he makapō, ua hāmaka ko lākou mau maka ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina. Uhi ʻia ko lākou kino me ka huluhulu i ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopakele iā lākou mai ke anuanu. No laila, ʻo ka lāa, me ka ʻole o ka wahi e noho ai, e hoʻomoahana iā lākou me kona wela no nā pule mua.
I ʻelua mau makahiki o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻolo i loko o ka mālamalama, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina i haʻalele ai lākou i ka lua. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e hele mamao loa mai ka makuahine, ke hoʻomau nei lākou i ka ʻai i ka waiū. ʻO ko lākou noho kino e mau ana a hiki i 1.5 mau makahiki. ʻAnoʻeha lākou i ka wā o kēia manawa i nā mea hoʻohana. Hiki i kahi makua makua ke pale aku iā lākou.
Hiki i kahi wahine hāpai hou ke noho wale ma hope o nā keiki ulu ʻana. A i ʻole e make lākou. No laila, ʻaʻole hānau lākou i nā keiki ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke hana e pili ana i 15 mau keiki ma kona ola holoʻokoʻa.
Noho ke aloha polar i ka nahele ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka nui o ka make ma ka nui o ka make ma nā pahu he nui a hiki i ka 1 makahiki. Ma kahi o 10-30% o nā bea liʻiliʻi make mai nā mea kai ʻē aʻe a me ka anuanu i kēia manawa. I ka pio, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ola lōʻihi, i ka 25-30 mau makahiki. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lōʻihi maikaʻi loa i loko o ka Zoo Detroit. He 45 a mau wahine.
No ke aha he "keʻokeʻo" ka polar.
Ua lohe a hiki i nā mākua kahi nīnau mai kēia "keiki". A i ʻole he kumu kula koi ʻia i ke kula. He pau ana kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lauoho o kēia holoholona. ʻAʻohe ʻo ia ma laila. Lauoho ʻino nā lauoho pono i loko o ka naʻau.
Hōʻike maikaʻi lākou i ka lewa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke keʻokeʻo. Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau o ke kapa o ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa polar. I ke kauwela, ua huli i ka lā i ka lā. E lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai nā algae liʻiliʻi e piʻi ma waena o ka villi. ʻO ke kapa paha ia kīleʻī, browner a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano o ke ola o ka bear.
A i ka hoʻoilo ua aneane keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona a me kahi hōʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻoi ke kala o ke kapa i hōʻa hou i ka manawa, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā kūlana ola.
I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka wela o ka holoholona. E kuhi a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu i ka wela. A inā ʻohi ka ʻili i ka huluhulu, "rears", ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻike wale ia i nā maka ʻili, akā ʻo ka ʻona loea, no ka mea hoʻohālike.
No ke aha he papa polar i helu ʻia ma ka Red Red Book
Loaʻa i ka mea hoʻolaha kēia ka lauoho nani a he nui kāna ʻiʻo. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo huhū a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻoleʻole o ka poʻe mākāka i kāki i ka holoholona no ka lōʻihi. ʻO kahi emi haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka heluna i kōkua i ka hoʻomehana honua a me ka ʻike honua. Wahi a nā kānakaʻepekema, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi o ka uhi o ka hau e 25%, ua wikiwiki ke aniani o nā glacier.
Hoʻohaumaha ʻia ke kahakai kai me nā huahana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka pau ʻole. A ʻo ka bea ʻana o kā mākou bea i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua manaʻo ʻia he kanaka mea lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i nā nui o nā mea laola a me nā anthropogens i loko o kona kino. ʻO kēia i hōʻemi nui ai i ka hiki ke hānau hou.
Aia ma ka honua nei aia mai 22 a 31 tausani o kēia mau holoholona hanohano. A e like me nā wānana, ma 2050 e emi ana ka helu ma kahi o 30%. Ma hope o kēia ʻike ʻaʻohe nīnau no ke aha i komo ai ka beahi polar ma ka Buke Red.I mālama ʻia poli polū ma ka ʻĀpana Lūkini mai hoʻopuni ʻia mai ka makahiki 1956.
I ka makahiki 1973, ua kohu mua nā ʻāina o ka moku Arctic i kahi ʻikepili ma ka mālama ʻana i ka bea polar. Mālama ko mākou ʻāina i nā mea i hoʻohewa ʻia mai ka List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (International Red Book) a mai ka Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Hōʻike Polar Bear
ʻO nā bea polar i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei ka nui o ka poʻe momi manu ma ka honua. He mau aie lākou i nā kūpuna. I ka mamao o 4 ka lōʻihi o ka bea poli a he 4 mika lōʻihi, ua kaupaona ʻia he 1, tons tons.
ʻO ka bea poli o kēia lā, ma ka nui a me ka ulu ʻana, he mea haʻahaʻa loa ia. No laila, ʻaʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka beara keʻokeʻo ma mua o 3 mau mika me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino a hiki i ka 1 ton. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā paona kāne ma mua o 500 kilograms, nā wahine i kaupaona ʻia 200-350 kilokilo. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o kahi holoholona pālua ma ka maloʻo he 1.2-1,5 mika wale nō, aʻo ka bear nui ʻōlima a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-2.5 mika.
He aha kahi mea e ʻai ai ka polar?
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau o ka bea poli e komo pū ana. Holo wale ʻoi aku. Ma o kekahi lua i loko o ka hau, ua makemake lākou e like me nā kiu, kokoke i ka mea i make, ka mea e hoʻomaha maluhia nei i ka hau. Ma luna o kēlā ʻano hopu, e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ka bea e like me nā liona, e like me ke ʻano he liona a he ʻīlio paha. Hoʻopili ʻana ma hope o nā polu o ka hau, ke kokoke ka pili o ka polar a pili i ka mea pio, a ke lilo ka mamao. Pākuʻi ikaika ka polu polar a ʻo kahi pā pana hoʻokahi ka lawa e pepehi ai i ka mea pepehi.
Mahalo i ka pua hulu manu, nā poli polar ʻaʻole i manuahi i ka Arctic.
I ke kauwela, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka papa ʻaia me nā huaʻai, nā mosses a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i hiki i kēia manawa. ʻAʻole lākou hōʻole i ke kalrion a hele pinepine ma ke kahakai e ʻimi i nā holoholona make.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka bea polar
Ua emi ka nui o ka hua o ka polar i nā makahiki i hala aku nei. Hoʻopaʻa iki ʻia ka ʻimi manu no lākou. Ma nā ʻāina āpau e noho ai kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha, aia kahi papahana e pale aku ai i nā bea polar. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, luku ʻo Eskimos i kahi mau helu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka nui no ka hulu manu a me ka momona momona.
ʻAʻole kolo ka holoholona polū i kahi holoholona palupalu a me ka momona.
ʻO nā mea ʻana a me nā ʻāpana o ka bear bear
Kuhi ka hapanui kāne ʻōlohelohe mai 300 a 800 kg (a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o hoʻokahi ton!) A hiki i ka lōʻihi o 2.4-3.0 m. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka malo o ka pālela ʻōpiopio ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o 1,3 a 1.5 m. e hele aku 3.4. m. ʻO nā wahine ma ka maʻamau he hapa ka nui a me ke kaupaona ma waena o 150-300 kg. a he 1.9-2.1 m ka loa. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kaupaona wale ʻia nā kubita liʻiliʻi he 600-700 gram.
Polar bear
ʻO ka pua aʻa ka nui loa i kaupa ʻia ma mua o hoʻokahi tone. Ua hopu ʻia kēia male male ma ke kahawai ʻākau ma 1960. ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona he 1002 kg.
I kēia manawa, koho ʻia ka heluna lahilahi polar i 20-25 tausani kanaka.
ʻIke anei ʻoe i kēlā…
- ʻAno nui ka ʻōhumu polar i nā lehelehe hoʻopale maikaʻi. Aia ʻo ia ma luna o kona ʻōpū a lele iā lākou, e hoʻohana ana i kona mau wāwae hind i wāwahi i ka manawa kūpono.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/4067/beliy-medved-tsar-8C50E2.jpg)
- Loaʻa ka waiū i ka momona he nui. Mahalo i kēia, ulu nui nā cubs a kokoke ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale.
- ʻO kēia mau holoholona i nā mea lawaiʻa a maikaʻi loa a hiki ke kū mālie i ka 2 mau minuke ma lalo o ka wai.
- Hiki i nā poli polar ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono. Hiki iā lākou ke hūnā ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana ʻehā o ka hau.
- Hiki i kēia mea wānana ke hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i ka 40 km / h
- ʻO ka bea ʻana ʻo Teddy i ka hānau hānau ʻana aia ma mua o nā kiʻi makua.
- ʻEleʻele loa ka ʻili o ke kaula polar, e like me kona keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha.
- Hōʻuluʻulu ka hulu o ka polar bear me nā makahiki.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He aha ka moeʻuhane o kahi bear polar
He mea ʻano ʻē ia inā inā mahalo i ka oso keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole mākou i hoʻopili koʻikoʻi i kona ʻano i loko o kā māua mau moemoeā. Aʻole iki. Ma kahi o nā puke moemoeā kaulana loa, hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu i ka mea a nā polar bear a moemoeā. Manaʻo kekahi i kona helehelena i ka moeʻuhane e maikaʻi a hoʻohiki i ka maikaʻi, ʻōlelo ka poʻe i hoʻomākaukau e hoʻomākaukau no ka pilikia ma hope o kēlā.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Muke's moemoeā moʻo kahi polar bear i ka moeʻuhane e pili ana i ke koho ola koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Inā ʻo ka lālau i hoʻoulu ʻia i ka moeʻuhane, e makaʻala i nā ʻenemi i ke ola. ʻO ka bear e kau ana ma luna o ka hau aine e paipai iā ʻoe e hoʻopunipuni.
A e ʻike i kahi waʻa e ʻai ana i kahi sila hūnā e pono ʻoe e haʻalele i nā hana ʻino. Inā kāpī i ke ʻili o ka bea polū - e lanakila koke ʻoe i ka pilikia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. E ʻike i kahi bear polar - ʻo ia ka mea ke manaʻo koke i ka wā mare a me ka loaʻa kālā.
Wahi a Freud, ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka polar bear i ka moeʻuhane ka manaʻo e pono ʻoe e hoʻemi i ka hōʻemi a me ka pono ʻole o ka ardor i kou ola. A e like me Aesop, nā moe kolohe i ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomāinoino. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kaua iā ia ma ka moeʻuhane, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e pono i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hoʻohuli ʻoe i ka make ke hui me ia, a laila hiki koke iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i nā pilikia maikaʻi ʻole.
Ka hiamoe polar bear hiki i kou pilikia ke waiho wale iā ʻoe no kekahi manawa pōkole. ʻO kekahi hihia, maikaʻi loa inā ke moeʻo kā mākou bear e kahi kanaka e noʻonoʻo pono ana i kona ola palekana e hiki ke kōkua iā ia e ola.
Nāwili, nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonohonoho o ka ʻoki a me ke poʻo
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino piha o kahi beahi keʻokeʻo me ka hulu, kahi e pale ai i nā kī nui a hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka wai hau. ʻO ka ihu a me nā wāwae wāwae wale nō ka i hoʻoneʻe i ka pale hulu. Hiki ke kala i ke keʻokeʻo o ka huluhulu i loko keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Hoʻohui ka ʻalāʻili o ka huluhulu i ka ʻike mau ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet, nāna ia i hāʻawi i nā waiwai wela a pale i ka holoholona mai ka manuahi. ʻO ke kumu o ke kahe ʻōmaʻomaʻo he microscopic algae e pili ana i ka punawai i loko o ka lauoho.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻano ʻia ka lauoho o ka holoholona i ka pigmentation, ʻaʻohe mānoʻoniʻoni, ʻōloʻomaʻu, lauoho a ʻōwili, noho ma kahi mamao ma kēlā me kēia. Aia kahi undercoat maikaʻi i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o ka ʻili ʻili me ke aniani o kahi momona 10-centimeter i loaʻa.
ʻO ka lole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi huna maikaʻi loa no ka holoholona. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia no kahi mea lawaiʻa ʻike i ke nānā aku i kahi bear huna, akā lilo nā kelima a me nā walrus i lilo i mau i kēia mea kolohe a hoʻokaumaha.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kino, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae
ʻAʻole e like me kahi bea grizzly, uaʻili ke kua o ka lei o ke kuli, pāwaha kona poʻo, elongated kona mua, kuʻi liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao ona a puni.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona mea lawaleʻa lawaleʻa, ka hoʻokō ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i nā membran ma waena o nā manamana wāwae a hoʻoholo i kahi e noho ai ka polar i ka hapa o ka makahiki. I ka wā e kau ai, ʻaʻohe kau a ka kaupaona polar i ka pōpilikia, mahalo i nā membran, hiki ke loaʻa koke i ka mea wikiwiki loa.
ʻO nā wāwae o ka mea wānana, he koloka, a hoʻopau i nā wāwae ikaika. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻalāʻau wāwae i ka huluhulu, nāna e mālama ʻia me ka pale a me ka haki ʻana.Uhiʻi nā ʻaoʻao mua i nā wāwae me nā bristles ikaika, kahi e hūnā ai i nā ʻāʻī o nā puʻupuʻu, e ʻohi ai i ka waiwai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ke loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio me kāna mau lehelehe, hoʻohana hou ka mea predator i kona mau niho. Maʻa ikaika kāna mau ʻōpio, nā incisors a me nā fangs ua hoʻomau ʻia. He holoholona hānai ʻona a hiki i nā niho he 42, ʻaʻohe vibrissa hāmua.
ʻO nā ʻōhaka a pau o kēia ʻano he ʻāpana; ʻO kona ʻili, he liʻiliʻi, me ka lōʻihi o 7 a 13 sentimeter, nalowale ke kū'ē nei i ke kua o ka lauoho elongated o ke kua.
Hoʻomanawanui
He holoholona paʻakikī loa ka lela pōkole, ʻoiai ʻo nā clumsiness ʻike ʻia, hiki iā ia ke lanakila a hiki i 5.6 mau hola i kēlā me kēia manawa e ka ʻāina a hiki i 7 mau kilomita no kēlā me kēia wai. ʻO ka hapa maʻamau o kahi neʻe e 40 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola.
Lohe nā poli a ʻike pono, a ʻo ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke honi i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi mamao o 1 kilomita mai laila. Hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻike i kahi sila e hūnā ana ma lalo o nā wai o ka hau, a he huna paha ma lalo o kahi nalu, inā he hohonu ma kahi o 1 mika.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi pola.
ʻOi maikaʻi loa, i ka hoʻopio ʻana, ke noho nei nā bea polar me ka lōʻihi ma mua o ko lākou noho kūlohelohe. ʻO ka manawa haʻahaʻa o ke ola ma kēia hihia ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 20-30 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ka mea noho o ka zoo ua hiki ke ola ma kahi o 45-50 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka kaanene o ka forage base, ka lūlū ʻana o ka nui o nā māla lau a me ka hana mau loa ʻana o nā mea wānana e ke kanaka.
Ma Lūkia, ua ʻānai ʻia ke kaʻa ʻana no ka bea polar, akā i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he nui wale nā palena o kēia, e ʻae ana i ka luku ʻana i nā mea keu he mau haneli mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka nui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole pili kēia haki me ka pono maoli no ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili, no laila he barbarism maoli ʻoe i kēia holoholona nani a ikaika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hōʻalo ʻia ka polar bearer i kahi wanana kolohe e hōʻino nei i ka poʻe. Makemake ka holoholona i kahi nohona noho wale ʻana, nā kāne a me nā wahine e ʻākoakoa wale i ka wā ʻo ia ka rutting. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, neʻe wale nā bea i ko lākou ʻāina iho i kāʻili ʻia mai ko lākou mau hoahānau ʻē aʻe, a pili kēia i nā kāne wale nō, akā i ka wahine me nā keiki hānau hou.
ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā kao polar, mālama i ka hua
Ma ka pilina kekahi, ua ʻano maluhia nā bears polar, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne i ka wā o ka hānai. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wale nā holoholona makua wale nō e hōʻeha, akā nā cubs e pale ai i ka wahine mai ka hele hou ʻana i nā pāʻani hoʻohālikelike.
Hoʻopau nā holoholona i ka wā e hiki ai lākou i 4 a 8 mau makahiki paha, ʻoiai e mākaukau nā wahine e hānau keiki 1-2 mau makahiki ma mua o nā kāne.
Hoʻomoe mau ka lā mai ka lā Malaki a hiki i ka mahina mua o Iune. Hiki i kekahi wahine ke alualu a hiki i 7 kāne. Mālama ka puaʻa ma kahi o 250 mau lā, e pili ana i 8 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka hāpai ʻana i ka maʻi latent, kahiʻano e ka hoʻolohi i ka implantation o ka embryo. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole wale me ka physiology o ka holoholona, akā pū kekahi me nā kūlana o kona nohona. Pono ka wahine e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka wahine a no ka wā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. A puni ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolana i kāna iho helu, a no kēia kumu ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā manawa he mau haneli. Kūleʻa nā wahine nui i kahi mau hale kokoke i nā hale e noho nei. No laila, ma nā kuʻi o Wrangel a me Franz Joseph aia ma kahi o 150 mau kaulua kokoke.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻolālā ʻana ʻo Embryo i ka waena o Nowemapa, ke hiamoe ke wahine. Hoʻomau ʻia kona ʻōpū ʻana i ka lā o ʻApelila a ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau kū i loko o ka lua, ke kaupaʻa ʻia mai 450 a 700 700 pākahi. ʻO ka hana ʻē loa ka hānau ʻana o 4 mau cubs. Uhihi ʻia nā keiki i ka huluhulu nāwaliwali, ʻoiai maʻa mau ke pale ʻana iā lākou mai ke anuanu, no ka mea i nā hebedoma mua o ko lākou ola ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka wahine i ka lua, kākoʻo lākou i kona ola ma muli o ka momona ʻihi.
ʻAi hānai nā pēpē hou i ka waiū umauma. ʻAʻole lākou e wehe koke i ko lākou mau maka, akā hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomaka ʻelua mau keiki a ʻōkeke ʻelua mau keiki i waho o ka moena, a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o 3 mau mahina ke waiho piha nei. I ka manawa like, hoʻomau lākou i ka ʻai waiū a kokoke ke pili i ka wahine a hiki lākou i ka 1,5 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole aneane ʻole nā pale liʻiliʻi, no laila ua lilo pinepine lākou i mau waiwai no ka mea nui ʻōiwi. ʻO ka make ma waena o nā bea polar ma lalo o ka makahiki o ka makahiki he 1 ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10-30%.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hāpai hou i ka wahine ma hope iho o ka make o ka hua, a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i ka wā hānau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 1 manawa ʻo 2-3 mau makahiki. I ka awelika, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau kūmole i hānau ʻia mai hoʻokahi wahine i kona ola holoʻokoʻa, hapalua o ia make.
Makee
Hōʻalo ka bea i ka mea i make no ka manawa lōʻihi, ke kū nei kekahi mau hola ma kahi o ka pahu hau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi sila e popo ana i ka ea. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke poʻo o ka mea ʻai ma luna o ka wai, ua hoʻoulu ke kahu iā i ka wāwae ikaika ma luna. ʻO ke kupapaʻu, ua hoʻopili ʻo ia a kau i ka ʻāina. No ka hoʻonui i kona mau manawa hopu, ke hoʻolalelele nei ka bear i nā palena o ka lāʻau ʻāhā a ua aneʻu i kona poʻo i ka wai i ʻike ai i ka ʻano o ka mea i hopu.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā kuahiwi ke pau i nā manawa āpau i ka wai, pono lākou i ka manawa e hoʻomaha ai, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai nā bea polar. Ke ʻike nei i kahi hōʻailona paʻa, ke ʻūlū nui ka ʻōpiu a huli i ke kaʻe ma luna o kahi e moe ana. ʻO ka hopena o ka sila hōʻailona he hopena foregone. Inā lilo ka walrus i mea pio, no laila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa nā mea āpau. He pale ikaika ʻo Walruses i ke ʻano o nā fangs mua, kahi hiki ke maʻalahi iā lākou e kālai aku i kahi mea kīwī ʻole. Hiki i ka walrus makua pākahi ke ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kahi bear, ʻoiai inā he ʻōpio ʻo ia a ʻaʻole hoʻi i loaʻa ka ʻike i ia mau kaua.
Me kēia i ka noʻonoʻo, hoʻoulu wale nā bears i nā palupalu, a i ʻole nā ʻōpio ʻōpio paha, e hana wale ana ma ka ʻāina. Hōʻalo ʻia ka mea pio no ka manawa lōʻihi, e kolo ana ka bea a hiki i kahi mamao kokoke loa, ma hope o ka pīkī ʻana a lele ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻomake me ke kaumaha.
Ko wai e hopohopo nei nā polar?
Ma ka nohona kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka bea ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi. Inā hōʻeha a maʻi paha ka holoholona, a laila walruses, nā kohola make, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻalopelo arctic a me nā ʻīlio hoʻi hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka iā ia. ʻOi aku ka nui o kahi kaola hānai ma mua o nā mea āpau i kapa ʻia a hiki ke hoʻokō maʻalahi me kekahi mau hoa kū'ē e kūʻē i ka lehulehu. Nui kahi pilikia o kahi holoholona maʻi a makemake pinepine e pale aku i ke kaua, ka hoʻomaha ma ka lua.
I kekahi manawa ʻo ka lilo ʻana o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio e lilo i mau ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā mea a kona makuahine e hele nei e ʻimi, a nānā ʻole iā lākou. ʻO nā pōkole e makemake nei i ka pepehi ʻana i ka holoholona no ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mea huna a nui ka ʻiʻo i hoʻoweliweli i ka ola o ka bear.
ʻAʻohana ʻohana
Ua puka mua ʻo Bears ma ka honua nei ma kahi o 5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Akā ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bea polar mai kona mau kūpuna kūpuna iʻoi aku ma mua o 600 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ʻo ka bear brown maʻamau e hoʻomāliʻi loa.
ʻO nā hua a me nā bea poli nā ʻano like like ʻole, no laila, ma ke keʻa ʻana, loaʻa kahi hua ola maikaʻi loa, a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻAʻole hānau ʻia nā bea ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo, akā e hoʻoili ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa a ʻelua.
Ma ka manawa like, noho nā poli a me nā bea i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka nui o nā huapalapala i loko o lākou, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o kaʻai, ka ʻano a me nā ʻano hana. ʻO ka heleʻana o kahi hopena koʻikoʻi ma nā mea a pau i hōʻike ʻia i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka brown brown, a i ʻole grizzly, i mea he ʻano kaʻawale.
Polar bear a me ka bear bear: wehewehe hoʻohālikelike
Loaʻa nā ʻāpana hoʻohanohano a me nā bea poloka i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka ulu o ka pua i ka ʻū i lalo.
Polar bear a umka paha | ʻĀpana hāleʻele | |
ʻO ka lōʻihi | ʻAʻole emi malalo o 3 mika | 2-2.5 mau mika |
ʻAno kino | 1-1.2 tons | E piʻi paha i 750 kilokilo ka nui |
Na palapala kapu | ʻAʻohe mea | He nui nā hua subspecies i loaʻa i ka honua a puni. |
Nā hiʻohiʻona physiological | ʻO ka ʻāʻī elongated, ke poʻo ākea pāpaʻu ʻia. | ʻOkiʻoki a me ka ʻāʻī pōkole, poʻo poʻo ākea. |
Hoʻaiho | ʻO ka palena hema o ka polar bear habitat ka tundra. | Kahi ʻia nā bea brown ma ka honua, aʻo ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi hema. ʻO ka palena o ko lākou noho i ka ʻākau i ka palena hema o ka tundra. |
Mea makemake makemake i ka meaʻai | ʻAi ka polar i ka ai a me ka iʻa. | Hoʻohui aku i ka ʻiʻo, ʻai ka ʻulaʻula i nā huaʻala, nā huaila, a me nā huaʻōlelo pepeke. |
ʻO ka wā hānau | ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka hānau ʻana ma mua o 80 mau lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahine hāpai i ka hoʻomaha. | ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana mai 75 a 195 mau lā, e pili ana i ka ʻāina o ka holoholona. |
Pūnaewele | Maraki-Iune | Kau - Iulai |
Progeny | ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau cubs, pinepine loa 1-2 mau pēpē i loko o kahi litter. | 2-3 hānau hānau ʻia ma 2-3, a i kekahi mau manawa hiki i kā lākou helu ke hiki i 4-5. |
ʻO nā polar bear a me ka bea bear kahi mea pōʻino weliweli, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā nīnau kūpono e pili ana i nā mea e ikaika ana i ke kaua, kahi beahi polar a me ka bear grizzly? ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pane i pane ʻole ʻia i ka nīnau i nīnau ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a ʻo wai lā ka mea e lanakila i ka wīwī a i ʻole ka brown. ʻAʻole aneane holo like ʻole kēia mau holoholona. Ma kahi pahu, noho maikaʻi lākou.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻike e pili ana i ka polar bear
Nui nā moʻolelo a me nā haʻalulu e pili ana i ka bea polar. Ma ka manawa like loa, ʻo kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano hana i mea maikaʻi loa a kūpono i ka manaʻo ʻana ʻaʻole wale nō ka poʻe aloha o nā moʻolelo, akā nā poʻe ʻōpio o nā mea hihiu. I kēia lā, ʻikea ka mea e pili ana i ka polar bear:
- Loaʻa ka poʻe predatory nui loa ma ka Barents Sea, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e makemake i ka mokupuni ʻo Svalbard a me kahi e kokoke ana. Ma nā kiʻi i lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka mālamalama ultraviolet, ʻeleʻele ka lauoho o ka polar. Hiki i nā wīwī hele ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa, e neʻe ʻole wale ma ka ʻāina, akā e ʻauʻau ana hoʻi. I kēia, ua like nā lua polar a me ka brown bear. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka be bear lōʻihi ma mua o 9 mau lā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I loko o kēia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ka wahine ma mua o ka 660 mau mile ma ke kahakai ʻo Beaufort, ua nalowale 22% o kāna nui a me ka ʻōkole o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā ua noho mau ʻia a hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i uka. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke kao polar i ke kanaka, kahi mea pōloli pōloli hiki iā ia ke hana iā ia i kāna waiwai, ke alualu nei me ka wiwo ʻole i nā lā he nui. Ma ke kulanakauhale o Churchill, nona no ka moku o Manitoba, aia kahi wahi kūikawā kahi i haki ʻia ai nā bea i ke kula o ka noho ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka zoo kaʻawale he mea kūpono ia. ʻAʻole hopohopo i ka hele ʻana o ke kanaka, hiki i kahi mea pōloli pōkomo ke komo i loko o ka hale a hoʻouka i kahi kanaka. Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana a me ka meaʻai nui, ua haʻalele ka bea i ke kūlanakauhale ua emi ʻole ka paʻakikī, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke manaʻolana i kona hoʻi koke ʻana. Wahi a nā Eskimos, ua hoʻopili ka polar i nā kahe o ke ʻano. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kāne ke kāhea iā ia iho a hiki i ke komo pū ʻana me ia. ʻO ka bea polili nui ka kūpuna o nā bear bear hou. I ka makahiki 1962, keu ke kaupaona ana he 1,002 mau kilemelu he mea make ma Alaska. ʻO ka bear kahi holoholona mahana. Hiki i ke ana o kona kino ke 31 degere Celsius, no laila he mea maʻalahi ʻole no ka mea manawa e holo wikiwiki. Hiki i ke holo lōʻihi ke alakaʻi i ka wela ʻana o ke kino. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā keiki i ke kiʻi o ka polar bear ma o nā kāleka e like me Umka, Elka, a me Bernard. Ma kou mau punahele aloha āpau ma nā pāpū ʻĀkau i kiʻi kekahi kiʻi kiʻi polar bear. ʻO ka lā mana o ka polar bear ka lā 27 Pepeluali. ʻO ka bear polar kekahi o nā hōʻailona o Alaska.
Kuhi ʻia nā bean polar ʻaʻole ulu nui, no ka mea, ua hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻia ko lākou lehulehu. Wahi a kahi loiloi i hana ʻia ma ka makahiki 2013, ʻo ka nui o nā bea ma Lūkini ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 7 tausani mau kanaka (20-25 tausani kanaka hoʻokahi mea ma ka honua).
No ka manawa mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pāpā ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili o kēia mau holoholona i ka makahiki 1957, ma muli o ka luku piha ʻana e nā kamaʻāina a me nā poimana. ʻO nā kīʻaha polar, kahi mea i haunaele ai kona wahi noho, ua hoʻokomo i nā waiwai kanaka.