Ma nā kai a me nā kai o ka honua holoʻokoʻa kahi nui o nā iʻa a me nā holoholona moana. ʻO nā mākaʻi nui loa a ākea loa o ka fauna holo loa i kahakai. Akā, i kekahi manawa he mau lawaiʻa nā poʻe lawaiʻa a me nā mea mākaʻikaʻi paha e ʻike i ka iʻa me ka ihu lōʻihi, ka inoa o kahi ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike. Eia mai ka nīnau: he aha ke ʻano o iʻa a he aha ke kumu o ka ihu ʻo ia?

Kuhi: Eduard Matveev · Nowemapa 6, 2016

No ke aha i lōʻihi ai ka ihu o ka iʻa?

Ua manaʻo mua nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻoi pono ka ihu o ka ihu e ʻoka ai i ka meaʻai mai ka noʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, lawelawe ka ihu i mea kaua no ka pono o ka iʻa, akā, no ka mea i huli ʻia i loko o nā noiʻi hou nei, hana kekahi ʻaha i kekahi hana.

• ʻO ka iʻa pono no ka hopu ʻana i nā pahuhū uila i hana ʻia e nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ke kai a i ʻole nā ​​lawaiʻa e komo ana i ka wai no ke pio. E kūleʻa ʻo ia i kā ka ihu i ka iʻa mai ka make, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e ʻike i kona mau maka. Hiki i kekahi iʻa me ka ihu lōʻihi ke manaʻo nei i ka pōʻino, ma muli o kēia "ʻano honi" hiki ke uhi a hoʻoulu paha i ka manawa.
• ʻO ka hana kūpono e hoʻokō pono i ka ihu o ka hoe. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina lehulehu i kona manaʻo no ka neʻe ʻana aku i nā ʻelele o nā mōneke no nā mau mile. Kōkua ka ihu iā ia e alualu a kī i ka mea ʻānai ʻia. ʻO kēia iʻa me ka ihu manuahi koʻikoʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Book e like me nā manuʻala a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai.

ʻAi ʻoki a ʻona

ʻIke ʻia kahi kakā ma nā ʻauwai o nā kahawai o Caspian Aral Sea. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā loiloi o nā Azov a me ʻEleʻele kai, akā i nā mea maʻamau wale nō. Na ka nahelehele i ka iʻa migratory. Ma ke kai ʻo Caspian, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, a mai laila i hāʻule ai i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai Kura i ka manawa kaʻina. Ma ka māhele ʻĀina Iran, hele lākou i kahi i kū ai i Sefidrud. Ma ka Volga, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka iʻa. Akā aia kekahi mau kākalaiʻu ma ka muliwai Ural.

Thorn (Acipenser nudiventris).

Ma mua ma ke kai ʻo Aral, he ʻano nui ka nahele a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i kū i ke kūkaʻi, akā ma hope o nā kānaka ka bredate stellate i loko o ke kai, ua hoʻēmi ʻia ka nui o ke kakala. I loko o ka spawning, piʻi ke kuʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai Amu Darya a me Syr Darya, ma kahi mamao o 2600 mau kilomita. Noho ka lula i ka lau Ili-Balkhash basin.

Ke ʻaʻa ʻana a me ka meaʻai

Loaʻa ka ola olakino o kēia iʻa paʻa ʻia 30 mau makahiki. Hiki i ka loa o ke kino ke piʻi aku a hiki i 214 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaupaona hiki ma kahi o 30 kilograms. Ma ke kai o Aral, ka hapanui o ka iʻa e ola ana a hiki i nā makahiki 12-21. A puka piha kā lākou ulu piha i ka hiki ʻana o ka makahiki 12-14 makahiki.

Ma Kura, ua hopu ka nui o nā pōpoki i nā makahiki 6-23 mau makahiki, me ka hapa nui o nā wahine i ka makahiki 19, a ʻo nā kāne a hiki i ka 16 makahiki.

ʻO ka paona awelika o ke kakalaioa i hopu ʻia ma ke kai o Aral ma kahi o 16 kilokilo, a ma ke Kula he nui aku nā paona he nui a 20 paha ka paona. Hoʻokahi puaʻa wahine ʻo Aralskigo e hānai ana i ka 216-388 tausani hua, a ma Caspian kakala, ulu ka hua ma waena o 280-1290 mano hua.

ʻO Thorn kahi pili pili pili o ka firmgeon.

Ma ke kai o Aral, ʻai nui kēia mau iʻa ma nā mollusks, a ma Caspian, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mollusks, ua ʻai pū lākou i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole. Kāhea nā kākāne e noho ana ma Lake Balkhash i kahi ola holoʻokoʻa kai koe wale nō, ʻoiai i ka loko, e like me ka Aral, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoilo wale nō ka ua.

I ka makahiki 1933, 289 nā paʻahana makua mai ka moana Aral, nona ke kaupaona ʻana mai 6,7 a 30 kilograms, i hana ʻia ma ka Ili Ili. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma ka muliwai Ili i ka makahiki 1934. ʻO nā hua i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 14 ua hoʻi hou lākou i ka muliwai Ili. I Lake Balkhash, ka nui o nā puhikahi 11-makahiki he aneane he 130 kenimika, a kaupaona ke kaumaha he 9.5 kilograms.

Pākuʻi ʻia iʻa i loko o ka ihi aku o kahi kukui.

Ke kūlohelohe nei, hoʻopili ʻia nā kakala me ka firmgeon, beluga a me ka stellate stellate. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ke kakā me ka stellate firmgeon ua kapa ʻia ʻo "stellate stabilgeon". Ma ke Kula, he kāwili o ka mea kuahiwi me ka liggeon me kahi mea kulu me ka stellate firmgeon, he mau mea kūleʻa nui ʻia, he lei maoli.

Mākou lawaiʻa

He waiwai like ke ko ka lāʻau me nā mea paʻa a pau loa. E pili ana i kēia, hopu ka lālani. I nā makahiki 1930, ua like he 620 tons o ka spike i miner i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā i ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻomake ʻia nā hāmeʻa o kēia iʻa - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 9 tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia kūlana i ka makahiki 1983 ua komo ka lāʻau ma loko o ka Red Book o Uzbekistan. I kēia lā, ke kū nei ka nui o ka hoʻokele Aral spike i ka pau ʻana.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

MARINE DRAGON A SEA SCORPIO

ʻO ka iʻa ʻona nui i loko o nā kai he nui i kūlia ʻo ʻEulopa e noho ma ka ʻenekia ʻUleʻele a me ka Kekahi Kerch. Lōʻihi - a hiki i ka 36 sentimita. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ke kai Baltic aia kahi mauʻu liʻiliʻi - kekahi dragon wai liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole viper (12-14 centimeter). He ʻano like ke ʻano o ka hana ʻino o kēia mau iʻa, no laila he like ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka loaʻa ʻole.

Ma ke ʻia kai, ua ʻōloʻo ke kino mai nā ʻaoʻao, ua kau ʻia nā maka, e hui pū ʻia a nānā i luna. Noho kokoke ka iʻa ma lalo a e kanu pinepine ʻo ia iā ia i ka ʻāina a ʻike wale ke poʻo. Inā kūʻē ʻoe iā ia me kou wāwae wāwae a hopu paha paha i kou lima, ke kīlei ʻia kāna mau iwi i ke kino o ka "lawehala." Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōmona lohi o ka ʻāʻā me nā 6-7 mau kukui o ka hope dorsal anterior a me nā kiko o nā uhi gill.

Mamuli o ka hohonu o ka maʻi, ke ʻano o ka nui o ka iʻa, ke kūlana o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, hiki ke ʻokoʻa i ka hopena o kahi kipi manu ʻano. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia ka ʻāʻī wela a me ka wela ma ke kahua o ka ʻino. ʻIli ʻia ka ʻili i ka wahi o ka hōʻeha, ʻūhū ka huhū, ulu nā kiko necrosis. Aia kekahi poʻo, ka maʻi, ka huehue, ka ʻehaʻeha, nā ʻōpū o ka naʻau, nāwaliwali ka hanu. ʻO ka maʻi pākaha o nā wāwae ke kū mai, a ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa - make. Eia nō naʻe, e nalowale nā ​​mea make ma hope o nā lā 2-3, akā ʻo ka maʻi maʻi lua e pono nō e ulu i ka ʻāʻī, necrosis a me kahi puhipuhi (a hiki i 3 mau mahina) ulia. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e pili pū ana ka hona ʻōpala i nā mea nui e hana ana ma ka ʻōnaehana kao, ka liʻiliʻi ka pākē o nā toxins neurotropic. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hihia hōʻona e hoʻopau ana i kahi hoʻōla o kekahi kanaka.

STAR MA SEA COW

E pili kokoke i nā hoahānau o ka dragon. ʻO kā lākou maʻamau maʻamau he 30-40 kenimika. Noho lākou i ka Pōleʻeleʻele a me ka ʻIla Hikina.

ʻO ka stargazer, a i ʻole kai moana e noho ana i ke Kai ʻeleʻele, he kino ʻulaʻula ʻia me ka pua keʻokeʻo. Kapaka ʻia nā maka o iʻa i luna i ka lewa. Nolaila, kona inoa. Hoʻolimalima ka hale kūʻai i ka hapa o ka manawa ma lalo, e poholo ana i ka lepo, me nā maka a me kona waha e paʻa ana me kāna alelo e kau ana mai, kahi e hana ai he ʻanoʻai no ka iʻa.

Aia nā mākele huluhulu i ka uhi o nā pua a ma luna o nā ʻehā pectoral o ka pipi moana. I ka wā ulu, mai ka hopena o Mei a hiki i Kepakemapa, hōʻiliʻili kekahi o nā mea hoʻihoʻi loina i ke kumu. Ma o nā kiʻi ʻokiʻoki i ke kuʻe, ua komo ka ʻona i ka ʻeha.

Ma hope koke o ka hōʻeha ʻana, ua ʻeha ka naʻau ma kahi o ka hōʻeha ʻeha, ʻāhī ka kiko o ka hoʻopili ʻia, a he paʻakikī hoʻi ka hanu. Ma hope wale nō o kekahi mau lā, e hoʻi hou kahi kanaka. Ua hāhā ka hāʻū i lawe ʻia e nā stargazers e like me ka maʻi o ka iʻa o ka ʻona i kāna hana, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia. Aia nā maʻi i ʻike ʻia i nā hōʻeha ma nā wai ʻaia o kēia mau iʻa e noho ana i ka moana Mediterranean.

KAHIKOLINA KULA (SKORPENA)

Loaʻa iā ia ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov; he maʻamau nō hoʻi ma ka Kiki Kerch. Kahi lōʻihi - a hiki i 31 kenimika. He ʻulaʻula-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻulaʻula: he ʻeleʻele ka hope i ka laulā me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli, ʻākala ka ʻōpū. Kuhi nui, i kaulaʻi ʻia mai luna a lalo. ʻO nā maka i pani kiʻekiʻe a kokoke loa. Makemake ʻo Scorpene i ka pā pōhaku a ma ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa ua like ia i ka pōhaku me nā algae e ulu ana ma luna. He ʻumikūmākahi mau māmā o ka dorsal anterior, kekahi o ka ventral a me nā ʻāpana he ʻekolu o ka anal fin he mau pona ʻona. ʻO nā pōpoi a lākou e hana ai he pōʻino loa i ka wā mua. He ʻeha loa loa nā ʻōlelo hoʻopono. I nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā mea maʻi ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā kūloko o nā ʻili, ma nā nui nui - pākaha o nā ʻōpū o ka hanu. ʻO ka mea o ka pona o ka moana ke loaʻa i nā mea maʻamau e hana ana i ke koko, no laila ke hoʻomau nei nā hōʻailona o ka make i nā mea make i kekahi mau lā a hele i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻana.

SKAT-TAIL TAIL (SEA CAT)

ʻO kēia mau iʻa, ke kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana moana, loaʻa ma ka moana ʻo Black, Azov a me nā ʻaoʻao hema Baltic. Ma ka Aina Hikina, i ke Kaiwa ʻo Peter the Great, he ola nunui kahi i noho ai; i nā wai o Primorye kūkulu hema, he kīwaha ʻulaʻula. Kahi kūloko o ke kanaka i ka lōʻihi o 2.5 mau mika (ʻoiʻu a hiki i ka 50-80 kenimika). Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau iʻa, aia ka umauma daimana i ulana ʻia, a hoʻopau i ke kāʻei manuahi lōʻihi, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka pūoʻi hulina i kaʻao mai nā ʻaoʻao (ʻelua a ʻekolu paha). Nā poʻi poʻi e waiho ana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā kuʻekuʻe. Nā Stingrays e alakaʻi i kahi noho haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Inā hele ʻole ʻoe i kahi lāʻau i kanu ʻia i loko o ka lepo i loko o ka wai pāpō me ka papakō, hoʻomaka ia e pale iā ia iho a e hōʻeha nui i kahi kanaka me kāna "ʻoihana". ʻAkahi hoʻomanaʻo ke hoʻomanaʻo iā ia i kahi kī ʻoi loa. Hoʻonui nui ka ʻeha a ma hope o 5-10 mau minuke e lilo ia i ka hiki ʻole. ʻO nā mea kūloko kūloko (edema, hyperemia) e hele pū me ka nāwaliwali, nā maʻi ʻole, ka hana cardiac impaired. I nā pilikia koʻikoʻi, hiki mai ka make mai ka puʻuwai naʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma ka lā 5-7th, e hoʻopiʻi ka mea make, akā nui ka hōʻeha ma kahi o hope.

ʻO ka mea make o ka pōʻai moana, ke hele nei i ka hōʻeha, e hōʻeha i nā mea hōʻeha e like me nā aniani o ka naʻu ʻona. Hoʻohālike ia i nā ʻōiwi a me nā ʻōnaehana uila.

BARK SHARK OR KATRAN

Noho ia i ka ʻeleʻele, Barents, Okhotsk a me nā kai ʻo Iapana. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2 mika. Ua kapa ʻia ia no nā manina ikaika ʻelua, ma ke kumu kahi i loaʻa nā ʻona hona ma mua o nā pua dorsal. Hiki iā katran ke hōʻeha i nā hōʻeha hohonu i ka mea hoʻowahāwahā scuba. Hoʻokumu kekahi hopena hoʻonā ʻia i ka pūnaewele o ka lesion: ʻeha, hyperemia, edema. I kekahi manawa aia ka puuwai wikiwiki, wikiwiki i ka hanu. Mai poina e nā katrana a me nā niho shark, ʻoiai i ko lākou nui. ʻO kāna mea make, ʻaʻole like ka mea i koe, aia i ka nui myotropic (e hana ana i nā ʻōpū) a he hopena maikaʻi ʻole nō ia, no laila, i ka nui o ka mea o ka ʻono o ka poʻe i pau i ke ola holoʻokoʻa.

KERCHAK, SEA PAHIKI, RINSTER-NOSAR, AUHA A ʻ CHʻ CH WIKI WAHIKI, SEA MOUSE-LIRA, KA ʻĀLOHE.

Eia kekahi ma kēia mau mea ʻona, aia i loko o kā mākou kai aia kekahi i nā wai kai e noho ana ma ka Baltic, Barents a me White Seas, monkfish a me nā kiʻoni ʻula a ke kai i loko o ka Pāpā, ke kai i loko o ke kai Barents a, ma hope loa, he nui ka lāʻau i noho i ka poʻe Iapana a Nā moana kai. ʻO kēia mau iʻa he “ʻono” mea like ʻole ma ke ʻano o nā mea pīpoki a me nā kakalaioa, akā naʻe, ʻo nā mea make a lākou e hōʻemi ai e pōʻino ai i nā kānaka a hōʻeha wale ʻia nā pōʻino kūloko.

Kerchak	He ʻa ka moana	Ruff Nosary

Auha or chinese ruff	Eiʻa ʻaila - lyre	ʻO kahi beam kiʻekiʻe

HE LOA ANA KAHI HOU

I mea e pale aku ai i nā makeʻai, nā lawaiʻa ʻaila scuba, nā mea like ʻole, nā scuba hōʻea, nā mākaʻikaʻi a hoʻomaha wale i ka moana e pono e nānā i nā ʻōhua like ʻole.

Mai hoʻāʻo iki e hopu i ka iʻa me ka lima lima ʻole, ka mea nui o ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ʻoe, aia i loko o nā crevice a i ʻole e waiho ana ma ka lalo.

ʻAʻole mau ka palekana, e like me ka mea pena kaola scuba i hōʻike aku i kēia, e hoʻopā i nā mea iʻike ʻole ʻia e pili ana ma ka lepo kahikina. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā stingrays, nā ʻīlio moana, nā hōkū a me nā kani me nā kiʻi. Hoʻoweliweli nō hoʻi i ka rummage i lalo o nā kahe wai ma loko o kou mau lima - i loko o ia mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻule i kahi kala ʻona.

ʻO nā poʻe aloha o ka holoholo wāwae ʻole i ke kahakai o ke kahakai haʻahaʻa e nānā pono i ko lākou mau wāwae. Hoʻomaopopo: noho mau nā ʻīlio moana i ke kahe ʻōpala ma hope o ka hoʻi ʻana o ka wai, ua maʻalahi lākou ke neʻe i luna. ʻO nā keiki a me nā mea i hiki mua ma ke kahakai o ka moana e ao ʻia e pili ana i kēia.

ʻO nā kaʻina pōpilikia i ka hihia o nā pilikia o ka iʻa me nā mea puhilahi lāʻau e pono ke hōʻea i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka ʻeha i hōʻeha ʻia e ka trauma a me ka ʻono, ka lanakila ʻana o ka hopena o ka lāʻau a me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi lua. I ka wā e ʻeha ai, hoʻāi koke koke i ke kinona mai ka ʻeha me ka waha me ka koko no nā minuke 15-20. Pono e holo koke i ka wai puna. ʻAʻole pono e makaʻu i ka hana o ka mea i kūlaʻi: nā mea bactericidal i loko o ka lawena e hilinaʻi pono e pale aku i ka ʻalo ʻana. Eia naʻe, hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole e pono kēia kaʻina hana no nā mea i hōʻeha, nā hōʻeha, a me nā ʻeha ma kona mau lehelehe a me ka waha. Ma hope o kēia, pono e holoi ʻia ka pūnaewele lesion me kahi hopena ikaika o ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide a hoʻopili i kahi lole aseptic. A laila ua hāʻawi ʻia ka mea ʻai i ka painkiller a me diphenhydramine e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano maʻi alakē, a me ka inu ʻona, ʻoi loa ka ʻī ikaika. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono ka kōkua o ka mea kauka i ka kauka.

I ka hopena, hoʻomanaʻo hou mākou iā ʻoe: e makaʻala a akahele hoʻi i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana, ke kai ana a me kaʻauʻau me ka neʻe scuba. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻalo i ka hoʻopili leʻaleʻa me nā mea pōʻino, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeuʻeu i kahi kanaka, akā e hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa i kā lākou mea kaua.

A. POTAPOVA, toxicologist, a me A. POTAPOV, haku nui o ka haʻuki ma ka scuba diving (Leningrad].