Palapala Latin: | Milvus milvus |
Kaulana: | Nā Poʻomanaʻo |
Ohana: | Hawk |
Hoʻohui: | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōiwi Europa |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. He nui ka nui o ka mea predator i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka kite ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka loa o ke kino 61-75 cm, kaupaona 800-1-1 200 g, mau hani 140-1195 cm. ʻO ke kāne a wahine paha, ʻaʻole like ka ʻulaʻula a me ka nui. Hoʻohālikelike ka hoʻohui ʻana me kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli, akā ʻike ʻia kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi a ka lōʻihi ma ka lōʻihi. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Tenderloin ma mua o ka kite ʻeleʻele.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka waiho ʻana ka kahele kahelehe, ʻūlū, ka ʻūhā ma luna o ke poʻo ke kūlike a ua ʻulaʻula ʻia - ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lalo me nā pihi ʻihi o nā pigtails a me nā palahalaha keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau pihi hope o nā hulu hulu. Mālamalama ke poʻo ma mua o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka hina a me ka beige, ka hiʻi ʻia ʻana o ka polū i ke poʻo a me ke ʻano o ke kaila ʻehā. ʻO ka lūlū, pohulu a me nā ʻahuʻula ʻole o nā wāwae - e like me ka hiʻi ʻeleʻele, akā ke aniani paha a pulu paha ka iris.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke lele ʻana e like me ke ʻano o ka lālaki ʻeleʻele, ʻike ʻia kahi kakaho me ke kāʻei ʻia. ʻO ka mālamalama māmā o ka huelo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā manu makua me kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ke kumu o nā hulu o ka ʻēheu mua ma lalo o ke aniani ʻo ka ʻūhā kīwī ʻana, ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā "manamana lima" pōkole, ka hulu ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu o ka lua. Aia ma luna o nā ʻēheu, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pua ʻeleʻele, i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā kukui o diagonal, i kālai ʻia e nā hulu huna o nā hulu hulu lua.
ʻO kekahi mau maka o ka lālani ʻākau o nā kiʻi ʻeleʻele, ma kahi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kala, pili i ka ʻulaʻula, akā ke kaʻawale nei nā ʻano o kēia mau manu. ʻOkoʻa ka poʻe ʻōpiopio mai ka pākeke i ke aniani haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻohālikelike o ka plumage, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻao ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula, a me kahi ʻula ʻihi ʻihi. Ma ke kua a me nā ʻēheu ke ʻano hoʻohālike nui o ka palena o nā hulu māmā. He melele o ka lā ke anu, ua ʻōleʻele a i nā wāwae keʻulaʻula.
He mea maʻalahi ka hilahila i kahi lele ʻōpiopio ʻōpio lele ʻoi ʻia me kahi pākele ʻeleʻele pākeke. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe mai nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻēheu ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻoi aku ʻoi i ka ʻoi ʻehā, kahi waliwali ma waena o ka hana pālika-brown a me ka hina hina o ka huelo. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā manu manu ʻala a pau o kā mākou wahi, ʻo ka hiapo ʻeleʻele, me kahi huelo ikaika a me nā kaikuʻu i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā pihi o ka hulu manu.
Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Laulau "pew lu"a ʻole"pyuu-li"Me ka hopohopo"piuu-pi-pi-pi"." Hoʻohana ʻē ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona i nā hiʻi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, akā loaʻa nā mea like me nā hiʻi buzzard.
Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai ʻia ma ʻEulopa mai ke komohana o Beritania Nui a me ka hema o Scandinavia a ka Iberian, Apennine a me Balkan peninsulas, a ma ʻulopa ʻEulopa i hika sporadically. Aia nā pūnaewele pala i Moroko a me ka mokupuni o Cape Verde. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma ka hikina Hema i ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina hikina, nā lālani komohana. I loko o ʻEulani Lūkia - kahi holoholona līpono lūlū ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka palena o ka awelika, i komo pū ʻia me ka Red Book of Russia. Ke emi nei ka helu. I ka lele ma luna o ka manawa i hālāwai ai i loko o Kaukaia.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. E makemake nui ia i nā ulu lāʻau pohō a i nā ʻāina ākea i hoʻopuni ʻia me nā kū. ʻAʻole ia ke fatu a me nā ʻalohui manu e like me nā hiʻi ʻeleʻele. Mālama i ka wai me nā mea ola kai nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu, nā manu o nā manu, amphibians. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manu pānaʻi - e like me ka hiʻi ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku nā pōpoki downy i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ke hōʻea nei i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i kakahiaka mua paha o Mei, ua lele ʻo ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa hoʻi.
HE MEA KUKAI
I nā wahi nui, mālama ʻia nā kahe ʻulaʻula kokoke i nā ʻāpana ʻāina nui, kahi e ʻike mau ai lākou i ke kalapu. Me ka luku ʻana i nā mea maʻamau o kēia mau manu, pono lākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana hou.
I kēia mau lā, ma mua o ka meaʻai maʻamau no lākou - nā mamms liʻiliʻi, nā invertebrates, nā lau a me nā iʻa - hoʻomaka nā manu e ʻai i nā koena o ka ʻai a nā kānaka ʻē ʻole. ʻO kekahi manawa ʻailima manu ʻulaʻula i nā manu nui. I ka hopena koʻikoʻi loa, ʻoi loa ka malulu, ua ʻai lākou i nā meʻa make a me nā holoholona hihiu. ʻAno lele ka lele a hiki i ka lele ʻana i nā hola i ka lewa me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika. Mai ke kiʻekiʻe o 20-30 m, ʻimi ke kiʻi i ka ʻai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo ia iā ia, hoʻ iho koke ʻo ia i lalo a hopu iā ia i ka mea i kuʻi me kāna mau kī. I ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻo ka maka ʻulaʻula i ka lepo, akā, hopu i ka mea pio, lele koke i ka lewa. Loaʻa nā pale liʻiliʻi a me ka nāwaliwali nā ʻai, no laila e hānai nui ana i ke kalapu. Eia naʻe, ua lawa nā kākiki e pepehi i kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi.
KUMAIUAI
ʻO kahi kiʻi he pua manu like ʻole, akā naʻe ia ke lohi a ʻoi aku ka nani. ʻUlaʻula kona hāpala ma mua, he keʻokeʻo ke poʻo. ʻO ka umauma keʻokeʻo ka māmā he brown, me nā kaula lōʻihi. I loko o ka lele, ʻike kiʻi ʻia ka hiʻi ʻulaʻula ʻia e nā ʻēheu ʻiliʻili a i hoʻi iki ʻia i ka ʻēheu hope, a me ka huelo ʻoi ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻēheu he mau ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo e kūʻokoʻa ana me nā hulu manu ʻeleʻele. Ma kahi kokoke e ʻike ʻoe i kahi hina hina me nā poʻo poʻo a he pale kukui i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā eheu. Hō pena ka pena o ke kāne a me ka wahine. ʻO ka kite, e noho ana ma ʻElenelani a me Sweden hema, e alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi. He manuahi nā manu o nā manu e noho nei i loko o Central Europe. ʻO ka hoʻoilo i Farani Farani, Sepania a me Pokukala. I ka hopena o Pepeluali, hele nā kime ʻulaʻulaʻula i ko lākou ala i ka hana i nā wahi e hana ai i ka ʻohana. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hui pū ʻia nā kime ʻulaʻula i nā ʻohana. Noho pū lākou e lele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a neʻe pū i ka pō.
Hoʻopōla
Ke kūʻaleʻa nei nā ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka hopena o Malaki ma mua o ʻApelila paha. He paʻakikī nā huakaʻi no nā manu. ʻO ka mea mua, nā kime ʻulaʻula nui i luna o ka pūnana, kahi e kūʻa ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma ka lihi o ka nahele. A laila hoʻopaʻa ka male a me ka wahine i kā lākou mau palaka a hāʻule koke i lalo. ʻO nā eheu e lele ai, ma ke lele kahi lākou i hana ai a me kahi ākea. Ma luna o nā lei aliʻi o nā kumulāʻau, loaʻa hou nā manu i ka kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka moʻomeheu āpau mai ka hoʻomaka. Kūkulu kēia mau manu i kahi pūnana, kahi e pili ana iā 1 m ka diameter, ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ma kahi kiʻekiʻe i ka lei o kahi lāʻau. Hoʻokomo wale ka wahine i nā hua, a ʻōlohelohe wale ke kāne i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka kala o nā moa keiki mai ka cream a i ke aniani ʻulaʻula. Ma kahi o 50 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē i haʻalele ai i ka nalo.
Kālā
ʻO nā moʻomeheu ma Scandinavia, Central a me South Europe, ka Caucasus, Asia Minor, Iran ʻĀina, ʻApika ma waho i ke kahakai o ka Strait o Gibraltar, nā Canary Islands a me ka mokupuni ʻo Cape Verde. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka Lūkia loaʻa ia i nā hui pālua ma ka ʻāina Kaliningrad, ma ke kūkulu hema-komohana o ka ʻāina Pskov a hiki paha ma ke kahakai ʻo Pilikimaka o ka Caucasus. Ke manu manuahi ma nā ʻākau a me ka hikina o ka māhele kūlohelohe (Sweden, Polenekia, Kelemānia, Rusia, Ukraine, Belarus) he migratory, ka hele ʻana i ka hema a me ke komohana i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka mea nui i ka palena Mediterranean. I ke komohana hema o ka laulā, he ʻōpū nā manu.
I nā kenekulia XX, ua hina nui loa ka heluna o nā ʻano ʻehā, a mai 1970 a 1990 i hāʻule ai ka heluna ma ka 20%. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka helu i ka helu, e hoʻomau nei a hiki i kēia manawa ma South-Western a me East Europe, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻenekino kanaka (kāʻili, ʻohi i ka hua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā maunu ʻona), me ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ka maikaʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻāina i kūpono no ka pili. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā heluna ma nā kikowaena a ma komohana ʻākau i hōʻike pinepine nei i nā hōʻailona o ke ola.
E makemake nui ia i nā ulu lāʻau kahiko a i hoʻopuni ʻia i kahi ākea e wehe i nā kahua a me nā ʻāina moʻomeheu. Ma Sepania, kahi ma kahi o 22% o nā nulila ʻEulopa a me ka wahi hoʻoilo nui ka ʻāina, makemake nā manu i nā wahi mahiʻai nui, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe i nā kuahiwi. Hōʻalo i nā mea haʻahaʻa nui a i ʻole nā wīwā arid climatic zones.
ʻAno hānau
Hōʻike ka hua mua i nā makahiki he 2-4. He monogamous nā Kites. E like me ke kānāwai, e hoʻomau ka poʻe vapors i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai lākou e kaawale ka manawa ma waena o kēlā me kēia ma waho o ka manawa kūpono. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ka lono o ka makahiki hou o ka male ʻana ma muli o ke aloha, akā ma muli o ke kuhi ʻana o nā manu e pili ana i ka wahi i loaʻa ai kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻi lākou i kahi a lākou i huki hope ai. E hoʻāʻo nā manu ʻōpio e hoʻolana i kā lākou pūnana mua ma ka ʻāpana like i kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā lākou iho.
Hoʻomoe a hana i ka hana ʻana i ka pūnana ma Malaki, 2-4 mau pule ma mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu. I nā manu ʻōpiopio, kīleʻa no ka manawa mua, hana ʻia kēia kaʻina ma hope, ma ka lā mua o ʻApelila. Hōʻike ia i ka hoʻoilo wela i nā manu ʻike ʻole e hoʻomaka ai e hōʻiliʻili i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka waiwai i ka mahina o Ianuali, akā ʻo ia mau ʻano hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau i ka mea ʻole. I nā pāʻani pāʻani, holo pinepine nā manu i kēlā me kēia me ka wikiwiki nui a huli i ka ʻaoʻao i ka manawa hope wale, ai kekahi manawa e hoʻopili ana i kekahi me kā lākou mau wāwae. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopiha i kahi kaua me kēlā me kēia, e lele wikiwiki ana i kahi kuahi lele i ka lewa, a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lālā lāʻau.
Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnaka ma kahi ʻalalā i kahi kumulāʻau, pinepine pinepine ʻoak, linden a pine paha, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 12-20 m ma luna o ka ʻāina. ʻO kekahi manawa ma mua o ka kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia nā buzzard kahiko a i ʻole nā nests hihiu (ʻO ka corax Corvus) Hana nō ka hano like no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO ka papa hale kūkulu nui he mau lālā lāʻau maloʻo e kāohi ai i ka mauʻu me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. 2-3 lā ma mua o ka masonry, ua uhi ʻia ka pā i ka huluhulu hipa.
Hoʻoulu ʻia nā hua ʻōpala ma ʻApelila a maʻamau ʻo ia ka nui o 1-3 (ʻehā 4) mau hua ʻulaʻula me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula. Hoʻolālā ʻōpio ʻia nā lā ʻekolu mau lā ʻekolu. Inā no kekahi mau kumu (i hāʻule ʻole nā moa) e nalowale ana ka wahine, e hiki i ka wahine ke moe hou no ka manawa. Hoʻokahi wale nō hānau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 31-32 mau lā no kēlā me kēia hua, a i ʻole wahi o 37-38 mau lā ma ke ʻano o 3 mau huaʻai. ʻO ka incubates wahine wale nō, ʻo ke kāne ka manawa kēia e hāʻawi iā ia i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka manawa manawa, lele ka wahine ma waho o ka nolo no kekahi mau minuke, e waiho ʻole me ka mālama ʻole. Hōʻike kūleʻa nā ʻeke downy, ma ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua. Ma hope o ka brood, ʻelua mau pule mua o ka wahine e noho pū me nā pīhoihoi ma ka pūnana, ʻoiai nā lako kāne mai nā lako. Ma hope iho, lele ka wahine i ka waiwai pio. Kūleʻa ka ʻōpio i kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole naʻe e make kēia mea make. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hopena o ka pili ʻana i nā mea he nui, me ka ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wā, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka hopohopo kanaka, a me nā puna e pili ana i ka 1,34 pipi i kēlā me kēia pipi.
ʻO ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka lele a lele i ka nui o ka brood a me ka loaʻa o ka lako meaʻai. Ma hope o 45 lā, hoʻomaka lākou e neʻe i nā lālā kokoke, a me ko lākou lele mua ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hana ʻia ana ma mua o 48-50 mau lā, a i kekahi manawa ma hope o 60-70 lā. Ke kū nei ke kū i luna o ka ʻēheu, noho mau nā moa me ko lākou mau mākua no ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule.
RED KĀLIE a me ka MAN
E ʻike wale ka ʻula ʻaila ʻulaʻula ma ʻEulopa a ma ʻAmelika Komohana. Nui ka hewa ma ka hopena o ka lele ʻulaʻula. I nā makahiki XVI-XVII. he kahakaha ʻo ia ka mea. Eia naʻe, mai ka hopena o ka 18 a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka kenekulia 20, ua pau loa ka hiolo i ka luku ʻia e nā mea lawaiʻa a me nā mea ʻohi manu e kālani pono ʻia ana i nā holoholona. Kahi mea ma hope aku, ua luku ʻia ʻo ia ma Sikolani. Ma Britain, hoʻomaka ka pale wī e pale i ka makahiki 1903. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o ʻumi mau manu o kēia mau manu i Wales.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻOiai ʻo ka manu ʻulaʻula he manu lele nui ia, ʻaʻole ia no ka huhū a ʻaʻole ikaika i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā manu ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano o ka ʻai (e like me nā buzzards). ʻOiai e hānai ana, e holo ana ma ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa, e nānā ana no nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi. Ke ʻike nei i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, ke hāʻule nei ʻo ia me kahi pōhaku a loaʻa iā ia me kāna mau ʻoi. E hoʻopau ana i nā mammiki liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā amphibians, nā mea reptile, nā ʻūlū honua. ʻO kekahi manawa hānai ia i ke kalima, ʻoiai hoʻi nā koena o ka hipa. Ke ʻike nei i kahi holoholona hāʻule, ke kali iki i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i nā manu ikaika loa, e like me nā buzzards a i nā ʻūlū hoʻi, ua paʻa ʻia.
KOMOHE KITCHEN
ʻO ka lālani ʻulaʻula nui e loaʻa i nā wahi ākea: nā mahina me nā ʻolima a i ʻole nā kihi. Aia i loko o ʻEulopa, hiki i kēia manu o ka ʻai i nā wahi kuahiwi, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā ʻōpū ikaika i waena o nā awāwa, e hāpai ana i ka lele i ka lewa a waiho i ka pīhī. Kūkulu kēia manu ʻano nani i nā nīnū ma nā ululāʻau kahiko deciduous a i ʻole like ʻole i ka nahele. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai ma mua o ka kite ʻeleʻele. I ka wā o ka nuku ʻana o ka kite ʻulaʻula, he mea maʻalahi ke hoʻoweliweli. No laila, i kēia manawa, pono nā kānaka e hele i nā ala ulu lāʻau i ʻole e makaʻu i nā manu e kūkulu i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku. Aia kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe loa e haʻalele ka hūʻai i makaʻu ʻia, a haʻalele i ka nalo i hope a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻi i ka nalo. Ua manaʻo ʻo Ornithologists aia i kēia lā i Kelemania e pili ana i 4400 mau pulu manu kime ʻulaʻula, ma Polani - 300 mau huina, ma Switzerland - 200 pālua. Ke ʻo Netherlands a me Belgium hoʻi kokoke i nā kime ʻulaʻula.
KUPONO NA INOA HUI, KAHAKUI.
- I ka wā o W. Shakespeare, nā ʻūlū ulaula ka mea nui i nā "scavengers" maʻamau ma waena o nā manu a pau i loaʻa ma Ladana. Ua lehulehu o lakou i ka waenakonu o ke kulanakauhale i naue aku ai ka makaikai o na malihini o ke kapena. ʻO ka pāʻani "Winter's Tale" e haʻi ana i ka luhi a ʻaihue i nā lole mai nā kaula a hoʻohana iā ia i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻuʻuku.
- Hoʻohana ka Red Kite i kona akamai e lele mākaukau e ʻaihue manuahi i nā manu ʻē aʻe (manu a me nā mea aia manu). ʻO ia kekahi manawa, hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka hao i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe: nā mea kuahiwi, nā ʻaleʻa a me nā pale o ka peregrine. Inā hālāwai ka kite ʻulaʻula i kahi neʻe e lawe pio ana i kāna mau maka, e nānā ana i kēlā me kēia neʻe i ka lewa a alualu a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mea pio. Ma hope o ke kali ʻana i kēia manawa, hopu koke ke kaiko ʻula i ka mea pio a holo pū me ia a i Gehena.
- ʻO ka wā hope loa i ʻike ʻia kahi kiʻi ʻulaʻula i Ladana i ka makahiki 1859.
- Ka nui loa ka lālani ʻulaʻula i ka nui o ka lā e ʻiʻoki ana ma luna o ka ʻāina. I ka holo ʻana o kēlā lele, nānā ʻo ia no ka mea pio ma ka ʻāina.
KAHIKO NUI NO KA HUI KAHIKI
Nā Laulā: ua hoʻokaʻawale nā manamana lima lōʻihi, i mea e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana i kahi lele nui.
Polokala: lōʻihi, ʻikiʻoki a hoʻi iki aʻe. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā ʻēheu ka ʻōkohu, me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ʻike ʻia i mua o nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o nā hulu i ko lākou ʻaoʻao.
Na maka: he ʻike maikaʻi loa ka kite ʻula. Ua aneane ʻewalu mau manawa i ko ke kanaka.
Beak: kūʻa a ʻāʻī. Me ke kōkua o ka manuahi, ua kahe aku ka manu ma nā noho manawaleʻa a me ka ʻumi.
Nāwahā: liʻiliʻi akā ʻili.
Laʻi: lōʻihi, me kahi pūʻulu hohonu, no laila e maopopo maopopo ka "fork". Lawelawe ia i ka mālama kaulike a like me kahi rudder i ka wā o ka holo.
ʻLelo: keokeo me nāʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻo ka pinepine ka 2-3 ma kahi pā hoʻokahi, akā naʻe, he 1 a 4 paha.
- Ka ʻāpana o Red Kite
KE LOA o KA WAIHONA LOA
Loaʻa ʻia ʻo ia a puni ʻo ʻEulopa, ʻoi loa hoʻi ma Farani a me Sepania. I ka nui o nā wahi hema o ʻEulopa, ua emi ka nui o ka kite ʻulaʻula a i ʻole pau i nā manu like ʻole.
KAUPUNI A ME KA PONO
Noho paʻa ka nui o nā kime ʻulaʻula ma Central Europe. Pōʻī ʻia ka holoholona i pau i ka pau ʻole, no ka mea i nā wahi he nui i hoʻololi ʻia e kahi kiʻi ʻeleʻele. Kānā ʻia ka kite ʻulaʻula i ka Puke ʻaha.
05.07.2014
ʻO ka kite welo (Latin Milvus milvus) he manu hopu ia mai ka ʻohana o ka Hawks (Accipitridae) o ke kauoha Falconiformes. ʻOi aku ma kahi o 60% o ka heluna o ka poʻe e noho nei ma Central Europe.
I ka makahiki XVIII, ua noho ka ʻūlani ulaula i nui i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui o ʻEulopa, ma nā alanui o nā alanui, no nā kūlana weliweli i koe ʻole, aia mau ka wā nui e hāʻule ai. ʻO ka manu hana ikaika ʻoi aku i ka hana o nā mea e pono ai, no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ʻEulopa, ua noho kēia mau manu i ʻApelika Komohana, nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Asia, ka Canary Islands a me ka mokupuni o Cape Verde. Ua hoʻomaka koke ko lākou helu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i ka wā hope, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana i hana e pale ai i kēia mau ʻano, ke ola nei ia a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ulu.
Nā hōʻailona waho
He manu nui ka manu ʻulaʻula, kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 72 cm, nā ʻāpana ʻēhe 1,75-2 m, a ʻo kona paona he 1,4 kg. ʻAno hoihoi ke kala o ka plumage o kēia mau mea hoʻoholo. Pahu hina ke poʻo ko lākou poʻo, a ʻulaʻulaʻula wale hoʻi ko lākou kino me nā kaula lōʻihi ma lalo iho nei. ʻO kahi hulu o ka hulu ma ka leheʻe i keʻokeʻo ma waena a ʻeleʻele i ka hope. ʻEleʻele ka hulu o ka hulu iā lākou. ʻO ka wahine a me ke kāne mea like like me ke kapa "ʻaina" a i waho, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale. Ma ka mākau ʻaina, ʻike ʻia ka mākaʻikaʻi V-ʻano ma ka huelo, ma ia ʻano he maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻano like like - ʻo ka kaele ʻeleʻele.
ʻAno lawehala
I ke ao, ua puni ka lewa i loko o ka lewa, e ʻimi ana i ka waiwai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa e hoʻolālā nui lākou i ka lewa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ka wai o nā ʻōpū o ka lewa. Ua pāholo ʻia nā ʻēheu o lākou ma nā lele. Noho wale nā manu i nā ʻēheu e hele a lūlū i nā ʻēheu mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao a i mea e ʻike pono ai i ka mea i make ma ka honua.
Hana ʻia nā ʻōuli koi koke e hoʻohana ana i ka huelo, e lilo ana i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi loa. ʻIke aku i ka mea pio, e hoʻopili ana ka mea hoʻopiha i kona mau ʻēheu a hāʻule loa me kahi pōhaku. ʻO nā rodents a me nā manu liʻiliʻi, a me kekahi ʻano kālai ʻia, e lilo i mea pio. Hoʻokomo kino nā kino hipa i nā ʻulaʻula.
Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, hoʻoulu pinepine nā manu i nā ʻohana e loaʻa ai ka ʻai. He nui o lākou i aʻa i loko o nā kaona ʻāina i kahi o lākou, kahi i aʻo ai lākou i ka ʻike i nā pōpoki meaʻai a ʻimi i nā kiʻī a me nā kiʻi. Kahi nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā lako meaʻai ʻole ʻole, a haʻalele hoʻi i ka neʻe ʻana i kā lākou manawa maʻamau, ke waiho nei i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi ulu.
I ka pō, hoʻomaha ka manu ma nā lālā o nā lāʻau i waiho wale ʻia a i ʻole i nā poli liʻiliʻi i waena o nā māla. I ke anuanu o ke anuanu a me ka pilikia, makemake lākou e hūnā i nā kanu kanu coniferous.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pākeke ke hele aku i 70 cm. Na ke kaupaona mai 750 g a ka 1 kg me nā ʻēheu o ka 155-185 cm. Hoʻopiliʻia Abdomen-ʻulaʻula me nā wahi lōʻihi lōʻihi.
He lōʻihi ka huʻu me kahi kāʻei hohonu ma ka lihi'ōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ma luna, a he hina ʻulaʻula me nā ʻāpanaʻeleʻele ma lalo. Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo i ka hulu hina hina. ʻAkole ka māmā o nā iris. He melemele ka beak, me kahi ʻoki ʻeleʻele. He melemele nā wāwae, uhi ʻia i nā brown "panties" i mua o ke alo. Hoʻopau nā kūpeʻe lima i nā mākeke ikaika a kaha loa. Kau ʻia nā ʻekolu i nā kime, a me ke kua ʻehā.
ʻO ka manaʻolana i ke ola ma ka hihiu he 26 makahiki. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā kime Red i ka pio a me ka mālama pono hiki ke ola a hiki i 38 mau makahiki.
ʻIke maoli nō
Maʻalahi loa ke kiʻi ʻulaʻula. I ka wā mua, ka mea i hopu ʻia, e hoʻohālike ʻo ia e make. Eia naʻe, ʻike he hiki ʻole i kāna hoʻopunipuni, ua haʻalele i ka hiki ʻole. Ma luna o nā lele, hiki i nā mea kime ke hana i nā ʻohana nui, kahi ʻano nui ʻole ia o nā manu manu ʻānai. Wahi a ka mea loea o Adrian Ebisher, no ka nui o nā eheu nui, make nā kime ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāpana uila kiʻekiʻe. Mai 8 a 22 mau kites nā mea i make mai nā kahe mai nā māla makani e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i Kelemānia.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻUlaʻula - He manu nui o ka iʻa, hiki iā ia ke "manuahi" maoli i ka lewa no ka manawa lōʻihi e ʻimi ai i kāna waiwai. Lele nā manu ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, no laila ua paʻakikī loa nā ʻano o nā ʻohana hehele i ka ʻike like me ka maka ʻalo. ʻO nā mea noiʻi a me nā ornithologists wale nō i hiki ke hoʻokō i kēia hana.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ua kīhea ʻia ka huaʻōlelo kite i kahi inoa o ka manu, nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e ka mea kākau ʻ Russianlelo Lūkia a me ethnographer Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl i ka makahiki 1882. I kēlā manawa, ua kapa ʻo ia i kēia krachun manu. I ka hoʻomaka, ʻaʻohe inoa o ka mea hulu i kona inoa a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻai ʻala, ʻoiai ua like ko lākou ʻano like me nā meaʻai. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua loaʻa hou ka kite i kona inoa.
Ma ka laulā, ua loaʻa i ka manu i ʻike kaulana ʻia a keu paha i ka kenekulia 17, i ka wā i noho ai ka hapanui o nā ʻano ʻaila ʻulaʻula i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa. I ia manawa, nui ka ʻōpala i hōʻaha i nā alanui, ʻoiai ʻo ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa i nānā ʻole i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ka maka ʻaila ʻulaʻula i nā alanui, me ka mea maʻamau he ʻano mālama maikaʻi na ke kalaka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻUlaʻula - kekahi manu ʻuʻuku o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hiki ke loaʻa wale aku i 70-72 kenimika, a me ke kiko o kekahi 190 kenimika. Kūʻai ʻole ka manu ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kāna ʻohana hawk - e pili ana i 1 kilogram.
Mahalo i ke kino ʻoluʻolu, nā hulu elongated a me ka huluhulu me kahi kākela puʻuwai manu, hiki i ka kiʻiki ke hana i nā kahu manuahi, i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma ka lewa. ʻO ke kua o ka manu, e hana wale ana me kahi ʻano "hoʻokele".
Loaʻa i ka pahu ʻulaʻula me ka plumage kaila ʻulaʻula ma ke kino me nā mea hina hina i ka umauma. ʻO nā pua ma nā ʻēheu e ʻulaʻula ʻia i ka hina keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me kaʻeleʻele. ʻUlaʻula ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. He kihi lōʻihi kahi manu no ka manu, e ʻaʻe pinepine ai ka lele ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i ka maka o ka ʻulaʻula ʻaila ka lau melemele. Hōʻemi nā wāwae i ka kukui ʻulaʻula, no laila ke ʻike ʻia ia e nā maka.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me ke kāne i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo kahi moʻomeheu wahine. Eia nō hoʻi, i nā makahiki mua o ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻili o ka plumage i nā pipi. ʻOkoʻa maoli ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i kapa ʻia e like me nā pākeke o kēia ʻano.
Aia i hea ke kaila ʻula?
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
Hiki ke loaʻa ke kiʻi ʻulaʻula i nā wahi ākea a me nā puʻu. Ma kēia mea, makemake paha ka manu i nā ʻōpala nui ma hope o nā ululāʻau poʻokela a hoʻokaʻawale paha. I ke koho ʻana i kona nohona, hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hei mea e haʻalele ʻūlū ai, a i ʻole, i nā wahi mākaʻi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka helena ʻāpana ʻulaʻula e noho ana i Central, Southern Europe a ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelika. I Lūkia, hiki ke loaʻa ka manu maʻa pinepine ʻole. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ia mau mea kū i kahi ma Kaliningrad a i ʻole Pskov. ʻO ʻEulopa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi koleka ʻulaʻula, no ka laʻana ma Scandinavia. I loko o ʻApika, loaʻa i ke Strait o Gibraltar, i nā Canary Islands a i ʻole ka Cape Verde Islands.
Aia kahi kime pua ʻaila migratory a i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. ʻO nā manu e noho ana ma Rūsia, Suetena, Polani, Kelemānia, Ukraine, Belarus he migratory. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i kahi kokoke i kekahi ʻaoʻao, i ka hema, i ka hema. Noho nā Kites i ka hema a i ke komohana hema i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo.
He aha kau e ka ʻai ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka manu ʻulaʻula he manu lele nui ia, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia kona ʻano me ka hoʻouka nui. He kino aloha kona, akā, ʻaʻohe nui o ka ʻōpū o loko. Hana ʻia kēia ʻike i nā haʻahaʻa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻai ʻana, no ka laʻana, e like me nā pu a i ʻole a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
E like me ke kaʻina hana hopu. Ua hāhā ka maka ʻulaʻula i ka lani a "hoʻokaʻawale" i ke kiʻekiʻe. A laila noʻonoʻo pono ʻo ia no kāna mea ʻānai, a i ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai, e iho nui ana ka mea kolohe me ka hoʻāhewa ʻana iā ia me kāna mau kīwaha make.
E makemake ʻo kuhi kaila ʻaila i ka mammals liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, he kiʻi, e vole. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, ʻaʻole ka manaʻo o ka mea i hulu ke ʻai i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, amphibians, reptiles a me nā ʻōpū. E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai ma mua, ua hoʻohana ka ʻai ʻulaʻula i ka ʻai kārrion, akā i kēia lā ua ʻike ka nui o nā mea ornithologists he manu ma ia pāʻina. Inā ʻike kēia ʻano holoholona i kahi kiʻi like, no ka mea, e ʻai ana nā manu ʻai manu ʻē i nā hipa make, a laila e kali ana ia ma nā ʻaoʻao a lele a lele i ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole nā mea ola ʻē aʻe ma hope ona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻUlaʻula i kekahi manawa mālama nui i kona mau ʻohana. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou nui e pili ana i kēlā mau manu e holo i nā ʻāina mahana i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. E like me nā manu ʻē aʻe a pau, ma kahi hou pono lākou e noho ai a hana i nā nū hou, akā ʻaʻole nā mea a pau i kahi no kēia wahi noho hou. I ka pili me nā kumu i luna aʻe, akā i kekahi manawa ʻo lākou e hakakā me kēlā me kēia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kahi lei ʻaina ʻulaʻula lā i hoʻonani i kāna pūnana me kekahi mea ʻōlule, no ka laʻana, nā ʻeke palaka a i ʻole nā ʻona ʻala. Hana a kēia manu e hōʻailona ai i kāna wahi.
ʻO ka kite ʻulaʻula, e like me nā ʻano like ʻē aʻe o ka hua maoli o nā ʻiʻo maoli, he manu manuʻakaʻo a meʻilihune wale nō. I ke lele, ua lohi iki naʻe, akā naʻe, ma kēia manawa, i kāna manawa hoʻowahāwahā, makemake ʻo ia e hele i kahi mamao loa mai ka papahele no ka lōʻihi. He mea kupaianaha kupanaha ke hiki i ka manu ke neʻe i ka lewa ma mua o 15 mau minuke ʻaʻole pāheʻe hoʻokahi o kona mau ʻēheu.
He ʻano ʻē ka manaʻo o kēia ʻano pipi. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi mea hele maʻamau mai ka mea hānai holoholona, no laila, i nā manawa pōpilikia, hiki ke kaohi ʻulaʻula i ka pilikia hiki ʻole.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka kite ʻulaʻula, e like me nā manu he nui, e hoʻomaka ana i ka pūnāwai, i ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. Ua manaʻo ʻia he monogamous, kekahi o nā kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai ʻo ia ka mea i pili ke kihi ʻulaʻula i ka wahi e noho ai, kahi i hānau mua ʻo ia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau nā manu i ke koho e like me ia me kā lākou pālua i kēlā me kēia manawa no ka nano.
Ma ka maʻamau ʻo nā manu e hana i kahi moʻomeheu e kōkua i ke koho i kahi pālua. ʻAʻohe lāliʻi ʻulaʻula. Holo aku ke kāne a ka wahine i ka wikiwiki o kēlā me kēia a i kēia manawa wale nō ke huli i ke ala. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke kuhi no kahi manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻopā ana i kekahi, mai ka ʻaoʻao e manaʻo paha ʻoe he hakakā kēia.
Ma hope o nā pāʻani pāʻani, ke komo nei nā mākua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pili, ke koho ʻana i nā lālā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe no ia, e hiki ana i 12-20 mau mika. ʻO ka mea maloʻo ka ʻōpala, ka mauʻu, a me kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka masonry - ua uhi ʻia ia me ka huluhulu hipa ma luna. I kekahi manawa koho lākou i kahi nalo i makemake ʻia a i ʻole nā kahu hani. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohanaʻana o ke kīʻaha i ka mea like i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Aia i loko o ka lima i nā hua he 1 a 4, ke keʻokeʻo nei ke keʻokeʻo me kahi hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ana i nā ʻulaʻula ulaula. Hoʻohui ʻia hoʻokahi keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā lā 37-38. Ua aneane manawa pau ka manawa o ka hatching, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka wahine i ka nalo, a loaʻa ka male iā ia iho, a ma hope aʻe no hoʻi ka hua, ʻo nā ʻano. A i nā keiki he 2 wiki, a laila lele ka makuahine i kahi hana manu. Pīhoihoi, ua aloha nui nā moa i kā kekahi. Hoʻomaka nā keiki i ka lele i nā lā 48-60, a haʻalele i ko lākou mau mākua i nā 2-3 mau pule ma hope o ka lele mua. A i loko o 2 mau makahiki o ko lākou ola e hiki iā lākou ke hānai hou i kā lākou poʻe keiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi maoli o ke kaila ʻula
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
ʻOiai mahalo paha, ʻo ia manu ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i kumu o ka nui o ka ʻuʻina no ka holomua o ka heluna kanaka.
Hoʻopae i ka lele ʻeleʻele i ka manu, ʻo ia hoʻi he hakakā ko kā mākou hulu manu e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai like a lawe aku i kahi, e pale ana iā ia e noho mālie. E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, makemake ka kite ʻulaʻula e pā i ka ʻāina like, ma laila e lele ai ma hope o kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ko lākou ʻenemi koʻikoʻi nui kanaka. A ʻo ka ʻōlelo ma aneʻi, ʻaʻole wale ia ka ʻimi ʻana no kēia manu nani, akā ke ʻalulu wale nei i ka maluhia ma kahi o ka manu e hoʻohana ai. He nui nā manu e make ma luna o ka mana kiʻekiʻe o nā mana uila. ʻO nā hoʻohālikelike i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā iniseti, acaricides, defoliants he nui nō hoʻi ka pōʻino, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā pūpū organophosphorus i kēlā mau pūhui. ʻO nā pūhui Chlorine, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi me ka pūhaka manuahi, he ʻoluʻolu nō hoʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻenehana i pono i ka hale e kōkua i kekahi kanaka, akā ma ka manawa like me nā mea ʻona a me ka make no nā holoholona he nui, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka ʻīpula ʻulaʻula.
Hoʻopau ʻia nā lewa manuahi, nā martens a me nā mea ulana manu, i mea e pale ai i ka mālama a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka nui o ke kaila ʻulaʻula, a laila, kaumaha, ua emi ka helu i ka nui. I kēia manawa mai 19 a 37 mau tausani. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ke noho nei ke kuleana nui o kēlā maʻi like me ka hana a kekahi kanaka e kali nei i kahi manu nani a kupaianaha me kahi pū. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he aha ka mea e kahaha ai, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka manu, ʻike ʻole a maikaʻi loa ka manu, ʻoi aku ka makemake nui e hopu, a hoʻomake, a i ʻole nā wīwī - a laila hana i nā holoholona i mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai, e like me ka makemake o ka poʻe hahai manu. Akā ʻaʻole ka pau ka pū ma laila.
Ke hoʻonui nei ka lehulehu o nā kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a me lākou kahi i kūlohelohe ʻia ai ke ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Ma muli o ka hana ākea e hoʻonui ai, he paʻakikī i kēia mau manu e nalo, no ka mea ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa lākou i kēlā wahi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā mea āpau loa, ke piʻi nei nā mea i ke kikowaena a me ke komohana-komohana o ʻEulopa a me nā makahiki i hala hope loa, e hoʻi hou ana nā heluna lehulehu. Akā ʻo ka mea kūpono, ʻaʻole lawa kēia, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ola me ka pale ʻole a me ke kōkua kanaka. Akā, ka manu, ma hope o ka noho ʻana, e noho nui i kahi pilina nui ma ke kaulahao meaʻai. Pono e hoʻāʻo ʻo kekahi e hana ʻole i ka haʻalele ʻole i nā kānāwai o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, pili nā mea ola a pau, pilikia he nui ʻē aʻe ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻano.
ʻOluʻolu ke mālama ʻele
Kiʻi ʻoluʻolu: Red Kite
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka pale o ka kite ʻulaʻula, a laila e noʻonoʻo pono mākou ʻaʻole e pili ana i nā wahi āpau i hoʻonui ʻia nā helu ma luna o nā helu. I kekahi mau wahi, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale, akā makemake mau ʻo ia i ka palekana a me ke kōkua mai ke kanaka.
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ai ma luna aʻe, ua loli ʻia nā ʻano e kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui a koʻikoʻi. He kuleana ka Red Kite ma ka Red Red Book, kahi i haʻi ʻia ua hoʻopau ʻia ka manu. Ua kapa ʻia he mau mea ʻano luhi nona e kōkua ʻia ai kēlā kōkua like me ka hopena o nā ʻaeʻōlelo ma waena o kekahi mau ʻāina i ka mālama ʻana i nā manu migratory, ka pohō i ka hana mahiai, a me ka pākia o ka pā lāʻau.
ʻO ka kite mākeke, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua komo pū ʻia i loko o ka Red Book of the Russian Federation, a me kahi kuikahi i ka honua e pale ai i kēia mau manu, ua hoʻopau ʻia ma waena o Rūsia a me India. Kuhi ʻia nā manu ma nā manu he manuahi ma ka Baltic wahi, Apipi 2 o ka Bonn Convention, Apipi 2 o ka Berne Convention, ʻAkuhi 2 o CITES. Eia nō hoʻi, ma ka laulā, ua hana ʻia kahi hana hōʻino kanaka i ka wā o kahi hūnā ʻia o ka ʻaila ʻula. Ke kōkua nei kēia mau hana a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i ka lehulehu e ola wale nei, akā e hoʻonui pū i kā lākou helu, no ka mea wale nō e hiki ke hoʻopakele i nā ʻōiwi mai ka hoʻopau ʻana.
ʻUlaʻula - he manu kupaianaha a kupaianaha. Hoʻolāhoihoi kona mau ikepili pilikino i nā mea noiʻi a pau o ka fauna. He kūpaʻa ka ʻoihana manu a me ke aho no ka hopu ʻia, akā naʻe, ʻo ka helu i loko o ke ʻano, e emi mau ana ia. Pono mākou e makaʻala a kiaʻi i ka heluna o kēia mau ʻano ma ka liʻiliʻi o ko mākou ʻāina. Mai poina e pili nā mea a pau loa i ke ʻano.