ʻO Jaguars ka nui a me ka pua wale nō o ka genus panther e noho nei ma ʻAmelika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo e hiki i ka 75 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 150-180 cm, a he 70-90 cm ka lōʻihi o ke huelo ʻo 70-90 cm. He mau holoholona ikaika kēia, me nā ʻanā kihi ākea a me nā papalina nui. He kino lākou a me nā limu muscular. Hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou kino no ka mana, ʻaʻole no ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ka wikiwiki a holo koke i ka poʻe pepehi i ka poʻe i kolohe. Hoʻohui ʻia ka lole mai loko mai o ka pua ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, me nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī, ke kino a me nā ʻōpū. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻōpū me ka hina hina. ʻO nā jaguars ʻeleʻele a me nā melanist paha he maʻamau ka hopena a ʻo ka hopena o nā alele kaila nui. ʻO ka hulu manu kēia mau hulu ʻulaʻula me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli, ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o Melanist i nā ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka jaguar nui ka nui o nā jaguars i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Panatal Nature Reserve ma Brazil, kahi i kaupaona ʻia ke kaupaona ʻana o nā kāne he 100 kg a ʻo nā wahine kekahi 76 kg. Loaʻa ka jaguars liʻiliʻi i Honduras, ma ke kaupaona ʻana o nā kāne he 57 kg ma ka awelika a ʻoi paha ka nui o nā wahine he 42 kg. Ma ka laulā, ko ka jaguars i loaʻa ma nā ka nahele ākea o kahi liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea e noho nei ma nā wahi ākea, ʻoi paha kēia no ka nui o nā ungulates ma nā wahi ākea. ʻO nā maelē ka manawa 10-20% nui ma mua o nā wahine. Nā ʻōmole pili I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, a me M 1/1.
Hoʻaiho
Makemake ʻo Jaguars i nā nahele ulu, nūnū, pākui kahi e pono ai iā lākou me kahi kūpono e pono ai, ʻoiai ke loaʻa pū nei lākou ma nā wahi iʻa, nā kahe, nā pali kai, nā alapiʻi a me nā nahele. He lawaiʻa maikaʻi nā poʻe Jaguars a makemake ke ola kokoke i ka wai, e like me nā kahe, nā laguna, nā loko a me nā pulu. ʻAʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā wahi anu. ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka jaguar, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3800 mau mika ma Costa Rica, akā ʻo lākou, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai nui, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ka nahele kuahiwi a ʻaʻole noho i luna o 2700 mika ma Andes. Ma ʻākau ʻo Mekiko a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, loaʻa nā jaguars i nā wao oak, mesquite thickets, a me nā nahele mākaʻi.
Ke alualu nei ʻo Jaguars i kā lākou mea pio ma ka honua, e makemake ana i nā mānoanoa māloʻi no ka huna ʻole ʻana. Hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i nā lāʻau no ko lākou pale a i ke kālai ana paha. No ka mālama i ka olakino olakino, pono nā holoholona: nā hāʻawi wai, nā māla lauwili a me ka nui o ka waiwai.
ʻAno ākea ka noho ʻana
Loaʻa ka Jaguars i ka puʻupuʻu nui, noho lākou mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o Arizona a me New Mexico, ma ke kūkulu hema ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika a me ke komohana o Brazil. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka heluna nui a hoʻopau paha i kekahi mau wahi, me El Salvador, ka United States a me nā wahi nui o Mexico.
Ke uhi nei ʻo Jaguars i kahi wahi e pili ana i 8.75 miliona km2 a i 46% paha o kā lākou hanana mōʻaukala. ʻO ka jaguar nui loa ka mea maʻamau ma ka basana o Amazon, me Serrado, Pantanal, Chaco. Aia ka laulā o ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ka hikina o ka kahawai o Caribbean ma Venezuela a me Guiana. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka heluna nui i hana ʻia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Mexico, ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻĀpana Brasil a me ʻAmelika hema. Ua luku ʻia nā pōkole ma ka wao Monte ma ʻAmelika a me nā kā ʻo Pampa i ke kūkulu hema hema ʻAmelika Hema. ʻAʻole noho ka Jaguars ma nā puʻu e like me Pune.
Loaʻa iā Jaguars kahi ʻano o kona noho maʻamau, nona ka 25 a me 38 km2 no ka wahine a me ka aneane ʻelua mau manawa nui no nā kāne. Hoʻokomo pū kekahi kāne makua i kahi ʻano nui wahine 2-3. ʻO nā meles, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hele ma mua o nā wahine. Wahi a hoʻokahi haʻawina, ʻo ka nui loa o ka neʻe o ka neʻe o ka kāne ma ka 3.3 km, a ʻo nā wahine - 1,8 km. Mālama lākou i kā lākou mau holoholona mai nā kāne makua ʻē aʻe.
Ka hana ʻana a me ke ola ʻana ke ola
Maʻa pinepine ʻo Jaguars e kamaʻilio ma o ka vocalization. ʻO ka wahine ma ka wanaʻao estrus a me ka pō ahiahi e hōʻike i ko lākou mākaukau no ka mare. Ua pane aku nā kāne i kēia mau luʻina me kā lākou mau leo ponoʻī a hele i ke ʻāina o ka wahine e kope, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā kāne no ka moe ʻana me kahi wahine kūikawā. He mea ʻole ka wahine ka mare ʻana me kekahi mau kāne, ʻoiai he kāne nui ke hoʻokuke aku i kahi hoa mai nāwaliwali. ʻAʻole ae nā wahine i ke alo o nā kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana, a ma hope aʻe o ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaʻe o ka estrus ma hope o 37 mau lā, a ʻo kona lōʻihi mai ka 6 a i 17 mau lā. Hōʻano ʻia ka papa i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e like me: ka hakuosis (ka hohonu o ka kuʻi), nā mea ahi, ka leʻa (lip lip), mea hoʻokūkū, skating a hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona momona. Hōʻike nā puʻupaʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā pae androgen i ka makahiki a puni, akā ua piʻi ka nui o ka hormone kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ke kai a me nā wahi. Hiki i Jaguars ke hoʻopili i ka hua i ʻō a puni ka makahiki, akā ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻonui ka māho mai ke Dekemaba a Malaki. Hānau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā cubs i ka manawa hoʻoilo inā nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio. I ka awelika, hānau ka wahine i 2 mau cubs (ʻo ka helu ka 1 a 4 ka 4). ʻO 91-111 mau lā ʻo ka wahine hānau ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wahine i 12-24 mau mahina, a i nā kāne ma 24-36 mahina.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Cubs me ko lākou mau maka i pani a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ko lākou makuahine. Nānā ko lākou mau maka no ʻelua pule. Ua hānai iā lākou i ka waiū a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o lākou i ka 5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi me kā lākou makuahine. Aia nā ʻōpio i ko lākou makuahine no ka aneane ʻelua makahiki. Mālama ʻo ia iā lākou mai nā mea wīlale, aʻo ia i ka ʻohi manu a hoʻonā i nā mākau pono a pau.
ʻO Jaguars i loko o ka hihiu e ola i 11-12 mau makahiki. ʻO nā maʻi, nā hōʻeha, nā hālāwai me nā holoholona hihiu a i ʻole ke kau a nā kumu nui o ka make. I ka noho pio, hiki i nā jaguars ke hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO Jaguars ka ikaika i ka ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoikaika i nā manawa o ke ao. Ma ke kānāwai, hoʻomaha lākou i ka lā. ʻO Jaguars i ko lākou hoʻomaha hoʻomaha i ka pale hohonu, ma lalo o nā mea kanu maloʻo, i nā ana a i lalo paha o nā pōhaku nui. Hoʻomaha lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kapa o nā kahawai, a i ka manawa ua e paʻa ai lākou e noho i nā lāʻau. Ke hilinaʻi nui ʻia nā Jaguars i ka wai, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka wā maloʻo, ke pono e pakele mai ka wai. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he manuahi me ka ʻole o ka wā hoʻoulu.
Ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka ʻike
E kamaʻilio nui ʻia nā Jaguars ma o ka vocalization. Hoʻonui ia i ka leo a i ka mana a me ka ʻokoʻa paha, ma muli o ka mea nāna e hana ke kani, ke kāne, ka wahine a me ka wahine i ka wā o estrus. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o nā ʻike o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. I ka wā estrus, e uē nā wī wahine a ke kakahiaka nui. ʻO ka pane ʻana o ke kāne i ke kāhea ʻana o ka wahine Hoʻopau kekahi poʻe likē i nā kani o ka wahine no ka huki ʻana i kahi kāne. Hoʻomaopopo nā Jaguars i nā kuleana i ka ʻāina me ke kōkua o nā vocalizations, hōʻailona i nā kumulāʻau a me ka hānai i nā mea kanu.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻokomo loa nā Jaguars i nā mammals carnivorous. He waiwai nui ko lākou; ʻoi aku ka 85 mau mea i hōʻike ʻia he ʻai jaguar. ʻO nā holoholona nui, e like me ke peccaria, tapir a me nā deer, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea makemake ʻia. Holo hoʻi lākou i nā ʻimi, nā lau, nā ʻōpala, nā peke, nā capybaras, nā iʻa, nā manu a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Kūʻai pinepine ʻo Jaguars i ka mea pio mai kahi wahi e neʻe ai. Hana lākou i kahi māla pololei ma ka ʻāʻī, a laila pāpā i ka mea nāna i pepehi ʻia a pepehi koke iā ia me ka ʻā ʻana i ke kua o ke kahu me nā ʻehā. ʻO kā lākou mau mākaka ikaika a me nā manu kuku e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pepehi i ka reptile i keʻokeʻo ka ʻili nāhele a me ka ʻūhā ʻana ma ka pūpū. A laila, huki nā jaguars i kā lākou ʻaiā i kahi wahi kaʻawale a hauʻoli i ka ʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Hōʻailona: Animal Jaguar
ʻAʻohe ke ʻano o ka jaguar, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e kona kūlana a me ke kapa nani. ʻO hoʻokahi wale nō kēia o nā pua panther a noho i ʻAmelika, ʻo kona nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa. I ka maloʻo, hiki i ka jaguar ke kiʻekiʻe o 80 cm. ʻO kona kino ʻōpū ke hiki mai 120 a 180 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole e helu ana i ka huelo, a i kekahi manawa he lōʻihi ka 90 cm. ʻO ka nui o ka jaguars e like me 68 a 136 kg.
Ua ʻoi aku ka hapa o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano mea kupaianaha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke koʻokoʻo koʻikoʻi i loko o kēia aupuni cat - he jaguar i kaupaona ʻia a 158 kg! Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea wīwī e noho nei ma nā wahi ākea ka nui o ka nui o ka nui ma mua o nā mea e noho nei ma kahi wao nahele. ʻO ka nui paha, ʻo kēia ka mea e pili i ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ke kīhāpai, no ka mea, ua kāla wale ʻia nā pua o ka holoholona manuahi.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka jaguar ka nui a ikaika i nā niho, iwi ʻehā. Kūpō ka kino o ke jaguar ʻEkē liʻiliʻi a ʻeli, piʻo. ʻO nā maka maoli ka maka, predatory, ka ikaika loa ke nānā a ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe iki. Kūpono nā wāwae o ka holoholona, a mākaʻī, hāwila pū ʻia ko lākou mau iwi, a ʻike koke ʻia ko lākou aʻa a me ka mana. A maikaʻi loa nā mea holo holo mai ka jaguars, hiki i kēia poʻe predator ke hele aku i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 100 km mau hola, a ke kīleʻa nei lākou i ka uila a me ka wikiwiki o ka mea ʻaʻole ka manawa e ola ai.
ʻO ka hiʻona maikaʻi o ka jaguar ka leʻaleʻa, mahalo no kona kala ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pōkole o ka mea hoʻolaha, he pōkole, akā ʻeleʻele a nani hoʻi i ka pā.
Hiki i ka uhi mua o ke kino ke:
- beige
- pōkole
- ulaula
- enaena.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino kino ma nā wahi āpau me nā wahi pōʻeleʻele, i loko o nā mea like ʻole ke liʻiliʻi a nui aʻe, he ʻano paʻa a i ʻole ka rosette. Ma kekahi mau kikoʻī, hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano i loko o ke ʻano o nā apo. Ke kilima nei ka maka holoʻokoʻa o ka jaguar me nā kiʻīʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi e kū kū'ē i kahi kaila keu. Ueleʻele nā pepeiao o nā holoholona i kahi kala me kahi wahi māmā i waenakonu. ʻO ka lalo o ke kino o ke jaguar ka mea hina, aneane keʻokeʻo.
Uha hoihoi ia hoi ka ili o ka jaguars, ʻaʻole i lihue, ʻaʻole kēia i pili i ka hele mai o ka gen panther i ka mea predator. ʻO kēlā mau manawa e kapa ʻia he melanist. Loaʻa iā lākou nā wahi i loko o ka huluhulu hulu, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahua nui. I ka manawa pinepine, ua hānau ʻia nā pākahi ʻia i kēlā me kēia kanaka e noho ana i ka ulu lāʻau. I loko o ka Odessa zoo aia kahi kūlana kupaianaha i ka wā o nā ʻohana jaguars i ka brood i ʻelua mau pā o ka ʻāpana o ka maʻamau, a ʻeleʻele loa ka pāpālua. ʻO kēia mau metamorphoses o ke ʻano!
ʻO nā mea ʻai
Meaʻai a Jaguar
He lei maʻa ka jaguar ma mua o kāna mau holoholona e like me 87 o nā holoholona holoholona. ʻO kekahi o kāna mea i makemake nui ai he capybara a me ka cayman. Holo pū ʻo Jaguars i ka deer, anteater, tapir, nāhelehele (e pili ana i nā anacondas), wai kai a me nā iʻa. ʻO ka mea i lawe ʻia i lilo i mōʻī, kahi ʻala, iguana, possum, otter, rodents, nosuha, mau ʻōla wai me nā armadillos. Ma nā kahakai, e ʻimi nā jaguars i nā hua o nā loko o ke kai a i ʻole kaʻi ʻana i nā wahine i ka wā e waiho ana. Hiki i ka Jaguars ke hoʻohana pū i nā holoholona, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā holoholona.
Noho kahi e noho ai
Hoʻomaka ka noho mua ʻana o nā jaguars ma Central ʻAmelika a hoʻomau i Mexico a me ʻAmelika ʻākau. ʻO ka poʻe nui loa i nānā ʻia ma Brazil. Akā ma ka ʻāina o El Salvador a me Uruguay, ua hoʻopau loa i kēia poʻe poʻomanaʻo. I ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, ua lilo ka palena o kēia mau jaguars i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i kahi hapakolu.
Aia ma kahi e noho ai nā jaguars
ʻO nā wahi nui o ko lākou ola he mau ʻāina ka nahele a me nā nāhelehele, a me nā nahele kuahiwi, ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hiki i 2000 m ma mua o ke kai nui, nā kahakai moana.
Hiʻona a me kahi noho o ka jaguar
Jaguar - He holoholona nani a nani, he mākaukau o ka ʻohana cat. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui loa o ka poʻe noho o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ke poʻokolu ma ka honua.
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona kino a ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. A ʻo nā kāne nui loa a hiki i ka paona a hiki i 158 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi loa ka wahine, a ʻo ka paona awelika o nā kānaka mai 70 a 110 kg.
He kākole lōʻihi ka jaguar: mai ka hapalua mita a ʻoi aku. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona i ka maloʻo e loaʻa i ka 80 cm. Aia ka holoholona i ka panther genus. E like me ka ʻike ʻia kiʻi holoholona, jaguar he like me ka leopadi, akā he nui loa.
A like hoʻi ke kala me ka pili o kona mea kamaʻilio, akā ua like ka like me ke ʻano o ka ʻūhā. He pāpaʻi mānoanoa a pōkole ia a me ka pepeiao. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu: mai nā ʻulaʻula ulaula i ke one, he keʻokeʻo ka lalo a me nā ʻeleʻele, a ʻōlelo ʻia nā wahiʻeleʻele ma ke kino.
Loaʻa ia mea ma ke ʻano a Jaguar ʻeleʻele – holoholona ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano hoʻokahi, akā ʻo ka hopena o kahi hōʻike melanism.
He ʻelele kūlike o Jaguar ka fauna o ka New World a noho i Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ma muli o ka huhū nui, ʻānai loa nā holoholona i Uruguay a me El Salvador.
Ma ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hoʻemi ʻia kona wahi noho o ka hapakolu no ke kumu like. ʻO Jaguar - kahi kamaʻāina o ka ululā pōpō huluhulu, hiki ke noho i nā wahi pāpū a me nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau xerophytic.
ʻIke ʻia ia ma kekahi kuahiwi kuahiwi, akā ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ke piʻi ʻole aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mile, a me ke kahakai hoʻi o ke kai. ʻEpekema ʻepekema ʻoi aku i ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ʻano ʻano jaguar. Holoholona holoholona pono ka palekana a manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia kekahi o nā subspecies i luku piha ʻia.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kāleka ʻeleʻele a me nā lula
Kū maikaʻi
ʻO Jaguars nā mea wili a me nā mea nui i loko o ka epulisteo e noho ai lākou. Kuhi ʻia ko lākou ʻili a me nā ʻeke no ka waiwai, ʻoiai ʻo ka pāpā i hoʻokae ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kānāwai e pale ana i ka jaguars i hoʻonui i kēia mau makahiki. ʻO Jaguars kahi kumu waiwai nui e loaʻa ai ma ka ecotourism o nā kaiāulu kūloko, kahi manawa aia kahi manawa e nānā iā lākou.
Nā Negative
I kekahi manawa ʻo Jaguars ka holoholona hānai a me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano holoholona, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā pastoralist. ʻO kekahi mau'āina, e like me Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mekikoka a me Peru, ʻaʻole i pāpā loa i ka ʻimi no ka "pilikia" jaguars e pepehi ai i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa. Mālama ʻo Bolivia i ka hopu ʻana i ka trophy no nā jaguars. ʻAʻole nāna ka Jaguars i ka poʻe me ka hoʻonāukiuki.
Na palapala kapu
Ekahi mau ʻāpana kū nui o ka jaguars e kū:
1. Panthera onca onca - Venezuela, ʻoiai ke huli nei ka Amazon.
2. Panthera onca hernandesii - (Lākani Jaguar): Mesica ʻĀina. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Mexico Jaguar i ka 4 o kēia mau subspecies:
- Panthera onca centralis (Central America Jaguar): mai El Salvador a hiki i Colombia.
- Panthera onca. haehaee (Arizona Jaguar): Mai ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i Sonora, Mekiko.
- Panthera onca. veraecrucis: Mai Central Texas a Hiki i Mexico.
- Panthera onca goldmani: mai Yucatan a hiki iā Belize a me Guatemala.
3. Panthera onca palustris (ka nui o nā subspecies, hiki i ke koʻikoʻi o like me 135 kg): Pantanal wahi a Mato Grosso a me Mutu Grosso do Sul, Brazil ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai Paraguay a ma ʻākau ʻĀpana hikina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona Predator a me kahi noho
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokahuli i nā jaguars ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka hapa nui a lākou i makemake ai i ke anenua o ka ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia ke kumu e makemake ai nā holoholona i ka nahele, nā wahi a me nā wahi i loaʻa nā lāʻau xerophytic. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ke kahakai o ke kai, a i nā mauna, akā ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2 km.
E inu wai ka Jaguar
I kēia manawa, uhi lākou i kahi ʻāpana e pili ana i 8.75 miliona km² a i ʻole 46% o ko lākou hanana kaʻao. ʻO nā mea maʻamau loa ma ka basalam Amazon, kahi iā Serrado, Pantanal, Chaco.
Nā ʻokoʻa mai ka Leopaka
Ma muli o ke kala e like, ua hele pinepine ka jaguar me ka leopadi. Akā inā nānā ʻoe makaʻala, ua like nā like like me ke kala. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka jaguar, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau wāwae, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kona mau wāwae.
Jaguar Leopau
Nā hiʻohiʻona waho o ka jaguar
I kona ʻano iho, ʻo ka jaguar ka pōpoki. No laila, aia kahi kino a me kahi huelo lōʻihi, maʻamau o nā ʻelele a pau o ka ʻohana cat. Ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 50 mau kenimita) ka mea i loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi aerodynamic i ka wā o ka alualu.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i ka 110-185 kenimika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Ma muli o ka hale ka nui a me ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka paona o kahi jaguar makua hiki ke 36 a 113 kilograms, ʻo ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana o kahi kanaka he 70 kilograms. Loaʻa ka jaguar i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi - ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā fangs ka lōʻihi i 5 sentimita. Pono nō hoʻi e helu i ka nui o nā manamana lima ma nā wāwae, ka ʻano o nā pōpoki āpau, he 5 ma ka mua a he 4 hoʻi i hope.
ʻO ka holoholona nui loa o kēia ʻano holoholona, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o kona kaupaona, he 15 kaupaona ka nui.
ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe o ka jaguar ma ka maloʻo ka mea maʻamau he 63-75 sentimita. ʻO kēia nā ʻelele nunui a me nā muscular o ka ʻohana cat, he ʻulaʻula ʻiliʻili maikaʻi no nā poachers. No laila, hiki keʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ke kala: mai nā kala ʻulaʻula i ke kala o ke one. Aia ka kala i kahi o ka wahi e noho ai ka mea nāna i kūʻai ʻia. I kēia hihia, he mau wahiʻeleʻele ma mua o ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻōpū ma lalo a me nā ʻāpana o nā wāwae o ka jaguar ka keʻokeʻo.
Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona o jaguars:
- pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi
- paa puha
- kino lōʻihi
- ʻoi lōʻihi ka huluhulu e kōkua ana i ka holoholona i ka hopu.
ʻO ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli - ke kala maʻamau no nā jaguars
I ka manu hihiu, loaʻa nō hoʻi ke kāleka ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻohe hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i kahi subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale, ʻo ka mea ʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole ia he ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano, akā ʻo ka hopena o ka melanism.
Keleʻele ka ʻeleʻele i jaguars, akā ʻo ia ka hopena o ka melanism, ʻaʻole he mutation.
Pehea e huli ai i kahi mea kolohe
Hoʻomaʻi pinepine lākou i kā lākou pio mai nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, ʻoiai ka hapa nui o ka manawa makemake lākou i ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻāina. I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻike lākou hiki iā lākou ke haki i nā kani o nā holoholona ʻē. No ka laʻana, kahi hihia o nā moʻo manu manu. Ke hoʻokipa nei i kahi ʻohana o nā kao, hana ʻo ia i kahi leo e like me ka moʻo pēpē pēpē. No laila, hoʻopili ʻo ka mea nāna ka moʻo i ka monkey a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻaina awakea nona iho.
Ma ke ala, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe kēia mea nāna e ʻike i nā ʻano he 90 o nā holoholona, mai ka iʻa a hiki i capybara. ʻO ka mea hope loa he pākaha punahele. ʻO kēlā mau kanaka o ka jaguar e noho ana ma ke kahakai, ʻo nā kukuna e lilo i kaʻai punahele.
Loaʻa ʻo Jaguar i ka nahesa
Ma ke kūlohelohe, keu nā iwi ʻōpio a me nā niho koʻikoʻi, no laila e pono iā ia ka mea hoʻokahi pana maikaʻi me kāna mau niho ma ka ʻāʻī e wāwahi i ka ʻenemi i ka make. Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia ka mea predator mai ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole mai ke kua, e kikeke ana i ka mea i hoʻopilikia. Inā ʻaʻole i make kahi kī like ʻole, a laila e maopopo ana e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia i ka mea pio. E noʻonoʻo wale, me ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka bipi, me ka pīkoi hoʻokahi, hiki ke jaguar ke wāwahi i ka ʻōpū o ka bipi.
E kaua me kahi crocodile
ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ia e ʻike ʻole ana ka jaguar i kāna mea make a hiki i ka hopena. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e ʻai koke ana lākou i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻohe mau wahi keu. I ka piha ʻana o ka pāʻani, waiho ia ma kahi o kahi hola o ka hola mai kahi meaʻai a e hiamoe ana. I ke kakahiaka, ala i ka ala, ua ʻai hou ka jaguar i ka ʻai a ua waiho a waiho i kekahi hapa o ka meaʻai.
Pūnaewele Predator
ʻO nā Jaguars nā mea hoʻoneʻe lone. Hōʻuluʻulu lākou i nā pūʻulu wale nō i ka wā hana. Ma ka manawa like, ʻoi loa e hakakā ka poʻe predator no ka nānā ʻana o ka wahine, ʻoiai ʻo kēia mau holoholona ka wahine e koho i kahi hoa hana.
I ko lākou ʻano, ʻo ka jaguars he "homebodies," ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e hele ahele ʻole i kēlā wahi i kēia wahi i ke ʻimi ʻana i ka mea maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaiāulu ona wahi no ke ola a me ka hopu - no nā wahine i kahi 25 mau kilomita square, no nā kāne a hiki i 50. I ka kikoʻī, he like ʻole nā plots. Ma ka manawa like, he mea nui e hiki i ka "mea nona" ke waiho i nā jaguars i kā lākou wahi hopu e ʻaʻohe pilikia, akā he mea weliweli loa ia o nā ʻelele loea ʻē aʻe.
Aia kekahi mau hōʻike hōʻike e pili ana i ka huhū o ka jaguar: ʻo kahi mea makehewa makehewa i pepehi ʻia nā holoholona nui i komo ʻole i ka pae ʻāina ʻo ia me nā mea ʻepekema manuahi. I kekahi kūlana koʻikoʻi, e hoʻouka ka jaguar.
Loaʻa nā hanana o nā mea nāna e wānana i nā kānaka. He kūʻokoʻa loa ka Cannibalism o ka jaguar, ka mea e kū ai i waho mai ka papa inoa o nā pōpoki cannibal (no ka mea, hoʻohālike nā panthers e ʻimi i nā kānaka).
ʻO nā manu koʻikoʻi a me nā ʻōpio ikaika he mea kaua weliweli ʻo ka pōpoki.
ʻO ka mea e hele hewa ana ka huki ma ka pōpoki a i ka pō. I ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha ka holoholona i ka malu o nā lāʻau a ke aha hoʻi.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia o ka jaguar he nui i mea weliweli a me ka weliweli. Ua ʻike pū ʻia lākou i nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka poʻe, akā ʻaʻole i pāʻani i ke ahi, ʻake nui loa lākou. He mea iʻike nui ai nā jaguars e hōʻeha iā ia i kahi kanaka no kekahi manawa, akā inā ʻaʻole ka mea i hōʻike i ka hoʻohālikelike, a laila ʻaʻole kaua ka holoholona.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, paʻakikī nui ka ʻike ʻana i kahi jaguar, no ka mea e alakaʻi ana i ka ola nocturnal. ʻOiai, hiki pinepine ʻoe ke lohe ʻia, no ka mea, e ulu ana ʻo ia e like me ka liona, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻi e like me ka moʻo. Hoʻomaka ia i ka huki ʻana i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka paha, akā ʻo ka manawa pinepine ma ka pō, no ka mea, ʻike ka holoholona ma ka pō ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke ao. ʻAʻole i huluhulu ʻo Jaguar i ke ahiahi.
Kahele
Hoʻomaka ka laulā o ka jaguar ma ka ululāʻau o Central America a laha aku i nā pūkini a me nā selva o Mato Grosso ma Brazil, a ʻo ka ʻĀkau mau Argentina. Loaʻa ka jaguars nui loa ma ka mokuʻo Brazilʻo Mato Grosso. Ua luku loa ia na holoholona ma El Salvador a me Uruguay.
Noho ka jaguar i loko o nā kaila anu, a ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau xerophytic. Loaʻa ka Jaguars i nā ululāʻau mauna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2 km, a ma nā kapakai o ke kai, kahi i loaʻa ai ka pōleʻa nui a ʻōloe i nā hua honu.
Ma mua, ʻo jaguar ka noho ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kēia kahi o ka jaguar kahi hapakolu o ka kumu.
Ke noho maʻamau
Hiki i ka jaguar ke noho ala i ka ao a me ka pō. ʻO ka manawa ikaika o ka lā, kēia mau holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kau ana ma ka hopu a me ka hele a puni o ko lākou wahi. Ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi ala ulu ʻole, e hele ana i kahi mauʻumi mau mile i ka lā. I kekahi mau lā, holo ka holoholona i kekahi wahi o ka ʻāina, a laila neʻe i kahi i kekahi wahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia pule ke ʻānai loa nei ʻo ia i nā palena o kāna pūnaewele.
ʻO Jaguar - ka mea hoʻohewa, no laila e hoʻohana pinepine nei ʻo ia i ka manawa no ka hopu ʻana. Makemake nui kēia holoholona e ʻimi i kahi hihiu, me ka mea e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai i nā lau nahele a i ʻole nā mea ulu lāʻau. ʻO kāna mau pono nui ka wikiwiki, no laila ʻaʻole hoʻokokoke ka holoholona i ka mea i make, akā e nānā aku iā ia mai kahi wahi mamao aku, kahi hiki ke kau ʻia ma luna o kahi lāʻau.
Inā ʻo ka jaguar ka mea i hōʻeha i ka mea i make, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama. He ikaika loa ka mea predator i ka haki i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoʻoki wale i kahi holoholona nui, akā ke uhaʻi hoʻi i kona nui. ʻO nā wīwī o ka jaguar he ikaika a ikaika, hiki ke hoʻopili a ka ʻōpala. Akā, aia ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea ola ke ola inā ʻike ʻo ia i kahi mea kuhi lurking a pakele. ʻOiai ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki, ka holo pinepine ka jaguars i ka holo ʻauʻau, akā ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai inā hoʻāʻo ka mea hoʻomalu i ka pakele. He lawaiʻa maikaʻi nā poʻe lawehala, i kekahi manawa hopu lākou i ka iʻa mai nā loko wai. ʻO ka waiwai nui o nā pōpoki hihiu nā capybaras a me nā luna o nā artiodactyls.
ʻO ka mea nāna e hoʻowahāwahā, ʻaʻole nāu o nā rodents liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hana ʻino ka holoholona hihiu i ke kanaka, akā e hoʻouka pinepine ʻia ka holoholona
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau pōpoki hihiu ke kū mālie nei, no laila, ʻaʻole lākou e kūʻē i nā mea ʻē aʻe, ke ʻole hoʻonāukiuki ʻia. Akā hiki i kahi holoholona huhū ke pale aku i kahi ʻenemi nui a ikaika hoʻi. Loaʻa nā manawa pinepine i ka hakakā ʻana o ka jaguar me ka cayman a puka mai nā lanakila. I ka hahai ʻana o kēia holoholona, ʻaʻohe like. Inā ʻimi ʻo ia me kahi kanaka, hiki iā ia ke hiki i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 90 km / h.
ʻOiai ke ola kū hoʻokahi, i ka wā o ka wā huki e hōʻuluʻulu nā holoholona i ʻelua. ʻAʻole i like nā lālā he nui o ka honua holoholona, ʻaʻole hoʻonohonoho nā kāne i nā hakakā ma waena o lākou. Ua koho ka wahine pono i kahi hoahele, e neʻe ana i kāna ʻāina a noho ma laila, i loko o ka manawa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa.
Ka hana ʻana a me ke ola ʻana ke ola
Maʻa pinepine ʻo Jaguars e kamaʻilio ma o ka vocalization. ʻO ka wahine ma ka wanaʻao estrus a me ka pō ahiahi e hōʻike i ko lākou mākaukau no ka mare. Ua pane aku nā kāne i kēia mau luʻina me kā lākou mau leo ponoʻī a hele i ke ʻāina o ka wahine e kope, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā kāne no ka moe ʻana me kahi wahine kūikawā. He mea ʻole ka wahine ka mare ʻana me kekahi mau kāne, ʻoiai he kāne nui ke hoʻokuke aku i kahi hoa mai nāwaliwali. ʻAʻole ae nā wahine i ke alo o nā kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana, a ma hope aʻe o ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaʻe o ka estrus ma hope o 37 mau lā, a ʻo kona lōʻihi mai ka 6 a i 17 mau lā. Hōʻano ʻia ka papa i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e like me: ka hakuosis (ka hohonu o ka kuʻi), nā mea ahi, ka leʻa (lip lip), mea hoʻokūkū, skating a hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona momona. Hōʻike nā puʻupaʻa i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā pae androgen i ka makahiki a puni, akā ua piʻi ka nui o ka hormone kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ke kai a me nā wahi. Hiki i Jaguars ke hoʻopili i ka hua i ʻō a puni ka makahiki, akā ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻonui ka māho mai ke Dekemaba a Malaki. Hānau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā cubs i ka manawa hoʻoilo inā nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio. I ka awelika, hānau ka wahine i 2 mau cubs (ʻo ka helu ka 1 a 4 ka 4). ʻO 91-111 mau lā ʻo ka wahine hānau ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka wahine i 12-24 mau mahina, a i nā kāne ma 24-36 mahina.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Cubs me ko lākou mau maka i pani a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ko lākou makuahine. Nānā ko lākou mau maka no ʻelua pule. Ua hānai iā lākou i ka waiū a hiki i ka hiki ʻana o lākou i ka 5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi me kā lākou makuahine. Aia nā ʻōpio i ko lākou makuahine no ka aneane ʻelua makahiki. Mālama ʻo ia iā lākou mai nā mea wīlale, aʻo ia i ka ʻohi manu a hoʻonā i nā mākau pono a pau.
ʻO Jaguars i loko o ka hihiu e ola i 11-12 mau makahiki. ʻO nā maʻi, nā hōʻeha, nā hālāwai me nā holoholona hihiu a i ʻole ke kau a nā kumu nui o ka make. I ka noho pio, hiki i nā jaguars ke hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui a koʻikoʻi no ke jaguar kanaka, ke kālele nei ʻo ia iā ia no kāna hulu nani. Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻokoʻa loa kēia mōʻī o ka nahele ma nā ʻano mea hoʻokūkū a me nā hoʻoweliweli: i kona hale, ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i ka kaʻa ʻai.
No ka palena ka mea e hiki ai iā ia ke hakakā me nā puʻupuʻu nui, e hoʻonā pinepine iā lākou, akā i kekahi manawa e hōʻeha ʻia.
I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka jaguars i nā hoa koʻikoʻi a me ka weliweli - ka poʻe caimans, ʻoiai huki wale lākou i nā monsters 2-mita mai kā lākou mea maoli. Ke huki nei i nā reptile nui, i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou iho ke lilo i mea hōʻino o ka anaconda a i ʻole boa constrictor.
Nā Hoʻoweliweli
He hoʻoweliweli nui loa nā kānaka i nā jaguars. Hoʻopilikia lākou i ka poaching no ka mea, ka ʻili, nā wāwae a me nā niho. Ma muli o kāna huna hūnā, mālama pinepine nā jaguars i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe a me ka holo maikaʻi ʻana.
He poʻe loea ka Jaguars a hoʻopili ikaika me nā holoholona hihiu o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā parasit i loko e pili ana i nā trematode, tapeworms, helminths a me nā whipworms. Nā ʻōhua Lūkini a me nā ʻili o nā puʻu lele.
ʻO Jaguars nā mea wili a me nā mea nui i loko o ka epulisteo e noho ai lākou. Kuhi ʻia ko lākou ʻili a me nā ʻeke no ka waiwai, ʻoiai ʻo ka pāpā i hoʻokae ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kānāwai e pale ana i ka jaguars i hoʻonui i kēia mau makahiki. ʻO Jaguars kahi kumu waiwai nui e loaʻa ai ma ka ecotourism o nā kaiāulu kūloko, kahi manawa aia kahi manawa e nānā iā lākou.
I kekahi manawa ʻo Jaguars ka holoholona hānai a me nā ʻano holoholona ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano holoholona, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā pastoralist. ʻO kekahi mau'āina, e like me Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mekikoka a me Peru, ʻaʻole i pāpā loa i ka ʻimi no ka "pilikia" jaguars e pepehi ai i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa. Mālama ʻo Bolivia i ka hopu ʻana i ka trophy no nā jaguars. ʻAʻole nāna ka Jaguars i ka poʻe me ka hoʻonāukiuki.
ʻO Jaguars, e like me IUCN, kahi kokoke i kahi kūlana pilikia. Ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o nā lehulehu, akā e hoʻomau mau ana ko lākou helu ma muli o ka poaching a me ka luku ʻole. Hāpai nui ʻia ʻo Jaguars ma nā wahi ʻoihana holoholona, ʻoiai ʻo ka pale o ke kānāwai.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO Jaguar kahi neoneo no ka genher panther a i ka subfamily o nā pōpoki nui. ʻO ia wale nō ka mālamalama o kahi ʻano panther i noho, ʻelua ma ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke ʻano o ke jaguar me nā leopards, akā he nui loa ka mua.
Ma nā wahi like o ka hale, ka mea i kapa ʻia kēia mea e nā inoa like ʻole. No ka mea laʻana, ʻo ka Hispanics i kapa iā ia he tiger, ʻoiai he mau hoahānau nui lākou. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "jaguar" ma ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe India Quechua ke ʻano o "koko." He mea maʻamau loa ia i nā inoa a me nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka huaʻōlelo e hōʻike i nā mea wānana mua. He poʻe wiwo ʻole kēia poʻe India no ka mea hoʻohālikelike me nā Cougars a me nā jaguar. Aia kekahi huaʻōlelo e like me ke kani ma ka ʻōlelo a nā ʻōiwi o ka iwi Guarani, ua unuhi ia ʻo "ka holoholona e make ai me ka lele hoʻokahi."
Wikiō: Jaguar
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kumu o kēia ʻanoʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā ʻano paleontology, hōʻike lākou ʻo ka ʻohana hope loa o kēia ʻohana, he ʻohana pili ʻole ʻo ia i ka pua kīoʻu, i noho ma ka laha mai ʻeono a ʻumi miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Manaʻo ka poʻe Paleontologists ʻo ka nānā ʻana o nā ʻano nui i kū mai ma kahi o 3.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻAʻole hui pū nā manaʻo o ka pili o nā ʻohana pili pili loa o ka jaguar i waena o nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe; Eia naʻe, hōʻike nui nā hiʻohiʻona morphological ka leopona e kokoke loa i ka jaguar i kahi pilina pili. ʻO nā koena i loaʻa i ka leona Barbary piha a me ka jaguar ʻEulopa, nona nā kime genus, hōʻike ʻia i kēia mau holoholona nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liona a me kahi jaguar.
ʻO kekahi ʻano loiloi hou i hana ʻia e nā ʻepekema hōʻikeʻike o ke ʻano o nā mea hou o ka jaguars i ʻike nui ʻia ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia, ua hala mai 510 a 280 tausani mau makahiki i hala. I kahi kumu o ka jaguar o kēia wā e noho nei i ko mākou mau lā, aia ka nui o ka mea pohihihi a hemahema hoʻi, no laila ʻaʻole i pau ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻepekema i kēia lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Hōʻailona: Animal Jaguar
Ma ke ʻano maoli, he mau hoa aloha nā jaguars e kiaʻi pono ʻana i ko lākou wahi mai kahi hoʻopuni. He ākea loa ka paʻa ʻana o ka ʻāina i nā neoneo a hiki iā lākou ke noho i kahi he 25 a 100 100 mau mika mita. km I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui a hiki ke pale aku i ka loaʻa o nā wahine i hoʻokahi manawa. Kakau ʻia ka loaʻa pinepine o nā kāne i nā ʻōhua like ʻole, a me nā jaguars me ke alapine o kēlā me kēia manawa 2 a 3 mau lā paha ka hoʻololi o ke kuʻina o kā lākou kiʻi. I kēlā me kēia lā 10 mau wahi, ke nānā aku nei kahi kāne i nā palena o kona ʻāina, a i ʻole hana ʻia a i ʻole kekahi o nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe (Cougar, ocelot) e hoʻopiʻi ma kāna waiwai pilikino.
Hōʻike ka jaguar i ka vivacity a me ka hana i loko o nā hola twilight a ma mua hoʻi o ke kakahiaka, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi poʻo hū ʻole i kēia manawa. Manaʻo nui ʻo Jaguar ma ka ʻāina a me ka wai. Inā makemake ʻole ka mahele ʻāina i ka hopu ʻana i kāna pio nalowale, a laila ma ka wai ua mākaukau ʻo ia e hana me ka leʻaleʻa, no ka mea ua ʻoi wale ʻo ia me ka maikaʻi. Ua nani nō hoʻi ka rana huakino, aia kona mau ʻōpio maikaʻi loa i loaʻa i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau.
I ke ao, e leʻaleʻa nā mea hoʻonaninani ma hope o ka mahiʻai nui. ʻO ka maʻamau ke hiamoe lākou i nā wahi aniani, kahi e hiki ai i ka lāʻau mānoanoa a hiki ʻole ke hāpai i kahi paʻa i loko o nā ana a hoʻopaʻa i lalo o nā pōhaku nui. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo kēia mau wahi punahele kahi i kokoke i ka wai. Me ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka ua nui, pono ke neʻe o ka jaguars - ma nā lālā lāʻau.
I ka ʻauhau o ka jaguar ka nui o nā ʻano leo like ʻole e kamaʻilio ai ʻo ia me kona mau hoa ʻohana. Hoʻolaha i nā holoholona me ke kani i ka mea nāna lākou i hana (kāne a wahine paha) a no ke kumu. Ke holo nei ke kani o nā kani, ua lohe ʻia nā leo a me ka larynx, i ka wā makā, ʻōloʻi nā kāne e like me ka beluga. Hana nā wahine i nā mea hoʻonani maʻamau i ka wā estrus, e maʻa mau i ka pō a i ke kakahiaka.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka launa pū o ka jaguar a me ke kanaka, a laila ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ka poʻe mua e hoʻouka me ka poʻe, ke ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana mai kekahi kanaka i kēlā hanana. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili pinepine ʻia inā mālama ʻo Jaguar iā ia iho i ke kaua ʻana no kona ola. ʻAʻole nā ʻiʻo kanaka i ka papa o ka holoholona, no laila makemake ka jaguar i ka mai ʻole i ka polu.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Hālau Kiʻi
Kahi manawa kikoʻī i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka jaguars. I ka wā o ka estrus, hāʻawi ka wahine i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mākaukau no ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ke kōkua o nā kani kūpono a me nā māka. Hiki lākou i ka moekolohe ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu. Ua pane pū kekahi i nā pōpoki i ke kāhea ʻana o nā wahine me nā ʻoliʻī. Mea hoihoi ia ʻole nā hakakā ʻana ma waena o nā pōpoki no kahi wahine o ka naʻau, no ka nona ka koho. I ka manawa e moe ai, neʻe ka wahine i ke kahua o kāna kāne, a laila hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomau lākou i ko lākou ola kaawale ʻana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke hāpai ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli mau lā. I ka kokoke ʻana o ka hānau ʻana, ke komo nei ka makuahine ʻāpono i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka lua, hiki ke loaʻa i ka popo pōkā, kahi māla nui nui, i loko o ke ana.ʻO ka maʻamau, he litter ma waena o ʻelua a ʻehā pēpē. ʻAʻole hoʻohālike ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka pākeke. Ma kahi huluhulu huluhulu hulu pēpē i noho nui ʻia i nā wahi ʻeleʻele e noho aliʻi ai. I ka hānau hānau ʻana, he makapo piha ʻole nā keiki. Ma ke kakahiaka ʻelua wale nō ke ʻike maopopo nei lākou.
ʻAʻole ʻae ka makuahine hānai i nā pēpē e hele i waho o ka puʻukū no hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Mālama ka makuahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū a hiki i ka makahiki ʻeono, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lāua no ka hopu ʻana. Noho ke ʻōpio ma ke kula o ko lākou makuahine a hiki i kahi o ʻelua makahiki, a laila kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, e hoʻokaʻawale i ko lākou wahi pilikino. He mea kaumaha no ka ʻike ʻana ma o ka hewa o nā kānaka, he nui nā Jaguars e ola ʻole i ka makahiki o ko lākou kamaʻāina. Noho ka poʻe wānana ma ka nahelehele, maʻamau a hiki i 10 - 12 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke ola i hoʻokahi hapaha.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: holoholona holoholona Jaguar
I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā helu helu kaumaha, kahi e hōʻike nei e hoʻoneʻe mau ana ka nui o ka jaguars. Ma nā wahi āpau i kahi o lākou i hālāwai ai, ua nalowale nā mea hopohopo. Aʻa ʻole naʻe ka hiki ʻole i ka haku o ka wao iā ia iho ke kāohi ʻole i ka mana kanaka ʻino loa i hōʻeha ʻia e nā holoholona he nui.
Ke pale ʻana i ka jaguars
Kuhi: Jaguar Red Book
I ka makahiki 1973, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o ka jaguars, a laila ua hele mua kēia mea hoʻokūkū a komo i loko o ka International Red Book. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hana i nā propaganda, ke kumu o ke hōʻole ʻana o ke kanaka mai nā lole huluhulu. A no kekahi manawa ua hāʻule nā noi no nā ʻili jaguar. ʻOiai ka hoʻohele kaua ʻaʻole i hana ikaika e like me ka wā ma mua, akā mau nō ia, ke ʻāʻī ʻole ʻia hoʻi. I nā ʻāina e like me Bolivia, Mekikoka, a me Brazil, ua ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi manuahi.
Hoʻopili i kahi pana kīnā ʻole, ʻike ʻia nā jaguars i kekahi pilikia ʻē aʻe - ka hōʻino kino ʻana i nā ululāʻau ʻōiwi, e ala ana i ka make o nā holoholona he nui i ka manawa o kahi mea kūʻai kai. Ua hānau ʻia nā keiki wahine i loko o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, no ka mea hānai ʻo ko lākou makuahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki i lilo ka paʻakikī.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hana ka poʻe i nā paka ākea nui ma ka ʻAmelika Hema e pale aku ai i nā jaguars. Ua papa aku ka ʻaha hui nui i ka kūʻai ʻana aku i kēia mau holoholona. ʻOiai me kēia mau hoʻoponopono a pau, e hoʻomau ka poʻe o nā jaguars, he mea e hopohopo nui a kaumaha loa.
ʻO nā poʻe kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika e hōʻike nei i ka jaguar me ka wiwo ʻole, ka wiwo ʻole, ka mana a me ka hanohano. ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi pōhaku o kēia holoholona nani e hoʻonani i kā lākou mau kuahu. Ua ʻoni nā alakaʻi ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i kahi ʻili jaguar i hōʻailona i ka mana. I loko o kēia mea kahaha kupanaha ʻelua ʻelua mau manaʻo like ʻole i hoʻohui ʻia, e like me ka mana nui a me ka nani hoʻi. Loaʻa jaguar a loaʻa maoli ka makana o ka hypnosis, no ka mea, ke nānā aku nei, he mea hiki ʻole ke uhaʻe!
E wikiwiki ʻo Jaguar a ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei
Ke holo nei lākou, hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki: hiki i ka jaguar ke alualu i ka ʻai ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻāina akā i ka wai hoʻi. Ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ua pau nā pōpoki i ka wai. Ua holo maikaʻi ʻo ka jaguar, no laila inā e hoʻoholo ʻoe e pakele mai ia i loko o ka wai, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 90 km i hoʻokahi hola, akā wikiwiki wale nō lākou.
Ma ka peke
He teritorial ka Jaguars, e like me nā mea āpau. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke noho ma ka 20 a 100 km o ka teritori. Noho ka wahine me ka mania a hiki i 30 km, a ʻo ke kāne a hiki i ka 100 km o ka palena. ʻO ka nui o nā wahi i hilinaʻi i ka ʻāina a me ka nui o ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Inā huki ʻoe i nā palena o ka wahi i noho ʻia, a laila like like ia me ka triangle. Holo i kona pae ʻāina, ʻo kēlā me kēia 4-5 mau lā e hoʻololi ana i ka wahi no ka hopu.
Eia kekahi, me kahi mau kikoʻī, 5 a 15 mau lā paha, hele ka jaguar i kāna mau palena palena a nānā iā lākou. ʻO ka papa hana o kēlā me ka neʻe o ka holoholona e neʻe mau. ʻO kahi pākana i ka palena o kahi neoneo e kekahi mai ka ʻohana cat e alakaʻi i ka jaguar me ka huhū. Hoʻokumu nā poʻe Cougers i kahi mea makemake ʻole no kēia mau pōpoki. Akā, ʻaʻole mea leʻaleʻa, pili lākou i nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe ma kā lākou ʻāina.
ʻEleʻele jaguar
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano predator. ʻO ʻEleʻele kekahi o nā holoholona hoihoi e makemake nui ʻia i ka ʻohana; ua ʻūhū pinepine ʻo ia me kahi panther. He waiho ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ka ʻōuli uliuli, ma luna o nā wahiʻeleʻele iki - he hōʻike wale kēia o ka melanism. Ma nā ʻano ola a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, ʻaʻole like ia me nā panthera onca ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Aia wale i ka manawa moe, hana like ka jaguars i ko lākou mau kaona ʻano maʻamau a neʻe ʻole i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. Ua mākaukau ka wahine no ka hānai no ke kolu o ka makahiki, a ʻo ke kāne no 4 mau makahiki o kona ola. ʻAʻohe manawa kiko. Kau ʻia ka estrus wahine i kēlā me kēia 37 lā, no laila hiki iā jaguars ke hoʻohālikelike i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi
- Hiki ke kuʻi ʻia nā Jaguars me nā liona, akā ma kēia hihia ua hānau maikaʻi ʻia ka hua a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ka huaʻōlelo.
- ʻAʻohe mea ʻelua like me ka pena like ma ka ʻili. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā manamana lima a me nā jaguars me kahi kala - ʻokoʻa kēlā a me kēia.
- Ke koho nei i ke kāne, e pili ana ka wahine ma ia ʻaoʻao a hiki i kona wā e hāpai ai. Aia ke kiʻi ʻana i ka male, ua haʻalele ka wahine i ke kāne.
- ʻOiai hikiʻole, ke hakakā nei ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne no ka wahine. ʻO ka wahine iho e koho i ke kāne maikaʻi loa a hele mai i kona pahu.
Makee
ʻO Jaguar ma ka lele
ʻO Jaguar kahi pākuʻi pōkole. Holo ikaika ʻo ia ma hope o ka lā a ma ke kakahiaka. ʻO ke kumu nui o kāna ʻimi ʻana he ʻāpana i luna o nā lāʻau a i waena hoʻi o ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe. Ma kahi maʻamau ʻo kahi holoholona i hoʻonohonoho iā ia ma nāʻaoʻao o ka loko. Ke lele ʻana i ka mea i kūpaʻa, lele mai ka jaguar mai luna mai a i hope paha, a hopu i kona ʻāʻī, e hoʻāʻo ana e kī me ka lepo, ʻo ia ka mea e alakaʻi koke ai i ka make koke. Inā ʻike ka mea make i ka mea e waiho ai a holo a laila, ʻaʻole i alualu ka poʻe jaguars iā ia. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka jaguar nui i ʻelua mauʻaina, akā ʻaʻohe mea hou; ʻaʻole ia e hānai i ke kalapu.
Ke kiʻi nei ʻo Jaguar
I ka wā o ka mālama holoholona, hoʻomāneʻakeke ka jaguars i nā kani kūmākena, ke kani leo nui nei lākou i ka pō a i ka wā hana.
ʻO ke ola o ka jaguars i ke pio ʻana
ʻAno makemake loa ka jaguar i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ke kūʻokoʻa, no laila ua paʻakikī ka hana e hoʻopili ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike loa kēia mau holoholona i ka zoo a i ʻole i ka hoʻoulu ʻia home.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ka ka jaguar he kumu kūʻai kūlohelohe. I kahi wā'ōpiopio, hiki i kahi kime ke pāʻani me ka mea nona a leʻaleʻa iā ia, akā naʻe, ka makua, e kū kūʻē i kēlā kanaka.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā holoholona i nā palena o ko lākou kūʻokoʻa, no laila mea ākea lākou i nā Zoos
I ka noho pio, ola ke jaguars a 25 mau makahiki. I ka mea e leʻaleʻa ai ka holoholona i mea e pono ai, pono e hana ia i nā ʻano āpau nona:
- ka hoʻopuni piha ʻana
- nā lāʻau a lāʻau paha no ka piʻi a piʻu,
- ka hele ʻana o nā mea pāʻani i ke aviary,
- nā kīnā kūpono (a hiki i ka 3.5 kilel o ka ʻiʻo lau momona a me ka 0.5 lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā),
- ʻOi iki ka momona o nā huaʻala (ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio i hāʻawi ʻia i nā huaora A a me D3, nā pōpoki pākeke i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka vitamina paʻakikī, huapalapala a me ka ʻai ʻana.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma ka hoʻo pio ʻana pono ka pono o ka jaguars, no laila pono ka nui o ka nui o ka ikehu i loko o nā pāʻani. ʻO ke ʻano ola kino wale nō a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola o kahi mea kahakaha a pale i ka nui o nā maʻi like ʻole.
He aha ka jaguar?
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no ka jaguar ʻo Panthera onca. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia neone a ka mea hoʻokalakupua i kekahi o nā luna o nā genus panther. He mea nui ia ma waena o nā pōpoki nui, ʻoi ka nui o ka jaguar.
Manaʻo ʻepekema nei i ola o nā kūpuna mua o nā jaguars ma kahi o 6-10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Loaʻa iā Panthera onca ka mōʻaukala he 3.8 miliona mau makahiki. ʻO nā koikoi kahiko o kēia mau mea nāna i hoʻolilo mai ka Pliocene i hala (i.e., ma kahi o 2 miliona mau makahiki i hala). ^ E Ha yM. He nui nā maʻamau o ka jaguar me nā leopona (ʻoiai he hoʻokahi kūpuna maʻamau - he leopio momona). Eia naʻe, ʻelua mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā holoholona.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he nui loa ka jaguars ma mua o nā leopards, no ka mea, aia kahi ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ka waiho maikaʻi o ka ʻili i hana i ka jaguars i lilo nui loa no ka poʻe hopu. No laila, i ka manawa, ua liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o nā lehulehu. No ka laʻana, ma ʻAzenika wale nō, aia ma kahi o 200 mau kanaka, ma Mekiko - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri. ʻO ia ka mea, ʻo ka huina o ka jaguars i ka nahele i kēia lā ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi mau pōpoki.
Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻano nui he nui, no laila ua nīnau nā poʻe o ke kenekulia XX i ke ola o kahi heluna holoʻokoʻa
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Jaguar ma ka International Red Book, ma nā ʻāina āpau he mea pale ʻia ʻo ia o nā holoholona hihiu. Ke kāhea ʻia nei ke kīleʻa i nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma Mexico, ʻo Bolivia a me Brazil.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka jaguar:
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka jaguar
- Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo Jaguars i nā kānaka, a ʻaʻole lākou e hana inā ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻia. ʻAʻole hopohopo kēia mau mea hopohopo, akā naʻe me ka pīhoihoi, e alualu pinepine i nā kānaka ma ka ululāʻau, me ka ʻole o nā manaʻo ʻino.
- ʻO nā ʻōiwi ʻAmelika ka make ʻana o ka jaguar, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kue loa ikaika o ka ʻāina, ua mahalo ʻia a mahalo nui ʻia. Ma waena o ka Olmecs, ka mea kō i ka mea kolohe ke kanaka nui a noho ʻo ia i kahi o ka wahi nui i loko o ka pantheon o nā akua. Hoʻohana ʻo ka poʻe Mei me ka jaguars, a ua alakaʻi nā alakaʻi i kā lākou ʻili a me nā pāpale ma ke ʻano o ko lākou mau poʻo i hōʻailona no ka mana kiʻekiʻe.
- Wahi a nā moʻolelo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki i nā jaguars ke hoʻohālike i nā kani ʻana o nā manu a me nā holoholona e hoʻomakua iā lākou. ʻO nā mea huluhulu Brazil kahi i hōʻike i ka jaguars i ka hiki ke hoʻokūkū i kā lākou mau mea make.
- ʻO ka inoa "Jaguar" ka hale kaʻa kaʻa, ʻike ʻia no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā kaʻa haʻuki kiʻekiʻe.
Aniani Jaguar
He kino ikaika a me ka ikaika ka jaguars. He poʻo nui lākou, nā wāwae pōkole, nā lauoho pōkole kūpono loa me kahi kala kūikawā (mai ke aniani ʻulaʻula a me ke kala one). Ma ka ili o nā holoholona, he mau ʻeleʻele ʻia i loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole, a ke keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka jaguar ka like o ke kala me ka leopadi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka jaguar ma ka nui. ʻO ka loa o ke kino o ka jaguar ka piʻi ʻana i ka 185 cm (ʻaʻohe oʻe). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o ka jaguars mai 50 a 75 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kāne ma kahi 90-120 kg, a ʻo nā wahine mai 60 a 80 kg. ʻO ka jaguar ka nui i hopu ʻia, he 158 kg.
ʻĀina Panther
Loaʻa i kēia holoholona holoholona torso elongated me kahi wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke lōʻihi ke kino 91 - 180 cm (ʻaʻohe manuahi), manaʻo ʻia ka huelo ma ka 75 - 110 cm mai 30 a 100 kg.
Loaʻa i ke poʻo o ka holoholona kekahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe, elongated kona ʻaoʻao mua. Ma ke poʻo o ka panther hiki ke ʻike i nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Hōʻike pinepine ka kala o ka holoholona i ka hoʻolālā like like o ke kala mau, akā i kekahi manawa aia nā poli transverse a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele paha ma luna. ʻO Panther kahi i hana ʻokoʻa kūikawā o ka larynx - ka mea hana hyoid, ka mea e hāʻawi i ka holoholona i ka manawa e hana ai i kahi leo nui.
Panther
ʻO Panthers, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia a me nā moʻomeheu āpau i ka ʻohana o nā pōpoki nui. ʻAʻole kūpono wale ka jaguars no kēia wehewehe, akā, nā leopona, nā liona a me nā tigers. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka jaguars a me nā leopona e maʻamau ka "ʻeha" melanism.
Aia aia kahi moʻomeheu o ka moʻomeheu o nā panthers i puka mai i nā ʻelele o nā hua mele o kēia manawa, akā ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika e pili ana i kona kū maoli ʻana i ke kaiāulu ʻepekema zoological.
Kōkua! ʻO ke kumu no ke kalaʻeleʻele i nā panthers he recessive. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, i ka wā i hele ʻia ai ʻelua mau ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻano ʻoniʻoni, ʻoi aku ka mīkini e paʻa i ka ikaika ʻāpana ikaika. Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki o ka hoʻokau ʻana, ʻaʻole i pau nā poni ʻeleʻele mai ka maka o ka papa honua.
Phylogeny
Loaʻa nā ʻikepili nui e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o nā ʻano me ka nānā ʻana i nā koena fossil a me ka noiʻi i loko o ka molekala phylogenetics. ʻO Jaguar ka lālā o ka genus Panthera
i ka Honua. ʻO ka ikehu molecular-phylogenetic a me ka paleontological i loaʻa me nā hana like ʻole e hōʻoia i ka pilina pili ʻohana ma waena o ka jaguar a me nā luna ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano ʻano.
Panthera
a ke hōʻoia nei lākou, ʻo ia, me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano ʻano genus a me kahi leopio momona, he kūpuna maʻamau i noho ma ka honua ma waena o 6 a 10 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ke hōʻike nei ʻo Fossil i ka ulu ʻana o ka huaʻī iho ma kahi o 3.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ka hōʻike o ka jaguar e pili pono ana i ka leopadi. Akā, ʻaʻole i pau ka noiʻi DNA, a me nā manaʻo i ka phylogeny o ka jaguar pili i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea noiʻi like ʻole. Ke koena o ka Fossil i nā koina ʻano manu, e like me ka jaguar ʻEulopa.
Panthera gombaszoegensis
) a me ka Liona ʻAmelika (
Panthera leo atrox
), hoʻohui i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka liona a me kahi jaguar. ʻO ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻohālikelike o ka DNA jaguar mitochondrial i hōʻike mai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ma waena o 280,000 a me 510,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ia ka mea ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia mai nā koena fossil.
He kumuwaiwai hoihoi e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu, ʻepekema a me nā ʻano
ʻAʻohe o nā pēpē nui i kahi ākea e like me ka leopadi. Ua kūleʻa kēia mea hoʻolaha i ka "ākea ākea", e komo pū ana me ʻAmelika āpau (ʻaʻohe Sahara) a aneane kokoke i Asia Hema. I ka manawa like, manaʻo nui ia i ka nahele a me nā kuahiwi, e hoʻomanawanui i ka wela a me ke anuanu like pū kekahi. Ma ke ʻākau, ua hiki ka leopadi iā Transcaucasia a me Primorye. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia i hele hou i ka Caucasus, akā ua ʻike hou lākou i kahi leopio Far Eastern. Iulai 24, 2019, ua holo wiwo ʻole ka holoholona hihiu loa ma ke ala nui ma ka moku ʻo Khasansky o Primorye, a ma hope iki ua ku ʻia nō ka kaʻa.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka jaguar, ka pili pili loa o ka leopela, e noho ana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka honua. ʻAi like lākou i ka ʻike ʻole i ka maka ʻike ʻole ʻole i ka mea i mua ona he kanaka noho o ka Honua Mua a i ʻole ka Hou? Eia naʻe, hiki nō ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou. Ma nā huaʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻoi loa ka leopona a he “slimmer” me ke kiʻi a paʻa a "American."
Leopau
ʻOi aku nā wāwae o ka jaguar, ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā palahalaka, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo, a ʻoi loa ke poʻo a nui ka mākaʻi (kapa ʻo Brazil iā ia he "kanga" - ʻo ia hoʻi, "poʻo poʻo").
Jaguar
ʻO ka ʻili maikaʻi o kēia mau mea i ka mea leʻaleʻa i nā wahine wahine mai nā makahiki 1930 a me 70s (i loko o ka "leopela" outfits Jacqueline Kennedy lāua ʻo Gene Lollobrigida i aloha nui ʻia). Akā ʻaʻole naʻe me kēia, ua nui nā kumu e pepehi ai i nā leopona.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka tiger a me ka liona
ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki me ko ka leopona i ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka liona a i ʻole ke poʻo paha, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka pēpē a pana aku. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā ma mua o kona mau "mau hoa" (ʻo ka loa o ke kino leopela he 91-180 m, a ʻo ke kaumaha ka 30 a 90 kg). No laila, ʻoi aku ka poʻe dexterous a ʻaʻole ʻike i ka nāhelehele, nā lāʻau a nā lāʻau lāʻau paha (nā wahi i kapa a melemele i kēia mau kūlana ke ʻano leʻaila maikaʻi).Ua kākau lākou e hiki i kēia mea kuhi ke hōʻili i ka mea hoʻopihapiha ʻole i ka lōʻihi o 2 mau mika ma mua o ka lele ʻana i kahi lethal.
ʻO R. Kipling "Pehea e loaʻa ai iā ia ka lelea": "- E hana i kahi palani e like me kahi giraffe. - No ke aha? "E noʻonoʻo wale ia i kona pōmaikaʻi." A i ʻole makemake ʻoe i nā ʻala e like me ka zebra? ʻO nā zebra a me nā giraffe hauʻoli nui loa i kā lākou hoʻohālike hou. - Um! Ua olelo a ka leopadi. "ʻAʻole makemake wau e like me ka zebra i kēlā." "E hoʻomake ʻoe i kou manaʻo koke," paʻa ka ʻAitiopa. "ʻAʻole au makemake e hele pū me ʻoe, akā willy-nilly inā ʻoe e like me ka nānā ʻana i ka lā ma ka pā uliuli." "ʻĀ, no laila ke koho nei au i nā wahi," wahi a ka leopadi. "ʻAʻole nui ʻoe e hoʻonui." ʻAʻole au makemake e like me ka giraffe. "
A. Brem "Ola ola holoholona": “Aia ke nānā aku, ʻaʻohe makehewa ʻo ka leopadi i ka maikaʻi loa o nā pōpoki āpau ma ka honua. O ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa o ka liona, ʻo ka liona, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, e hoʻowalewale iā mākou me ka mahalo i kona nui, a ʻike koke mākou i ke aliʻi o nā holoholona ma loko, ʻo ka tiger he mea weliweli loa o nā ʻōpū kolohe, ʻo ia ka hulu manu o ka manu ʻona, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka ʻalani a me ka hoʻonaninua hoʻi ma mua o ka hulu o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, akā me ka mahalo i ka hui like ", Ka nani a me ka hulu manu, pili i ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka nani i ka neʻe ʻana, ʻo kēia mau pōpoki, e like me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, aia ma kahi o ka leopona."
ʻO ke leopona ʻaʻole he dexterous a wānana wale, akā noho mālie nō naʻe. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ia ke kani me ka puʻu a me ka hōloo a me ka hāwī (i ka wā hana o ka mākele), ʻaʻole i ka pono. Ke ʻōlelo nei lākou e kū mālie ka leopela, e like me kahi partisan, ʻoiai i ka wā ʻia a i ʻole ka hōʻeha ʻia.ʻO ka mahalo, ʻo ia kaʻi o ka leopona a me kona hōʻole i ka hana ʻana i ka "kaua kaua" hiki iā Aristotle ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i kēia predator i ka heiau o nā holoholona hihiu nui - me ka kiʻī, ka pīpī, ka hyena a me ka hoki.Eia naʻe, ʻike mua ka poʻe noho o ʻApelika a me ʻAsia, i ka leopona mua me ka leopela.No lākou, ʻo ka leopona he holoholona mālama maikaʻi, he hōʻailona o ka moʻohe kaua a me ka mana aliʻi (i Dahomey, ua kapa ʻia nā aliʻi kūloko iā lākou iho he "keiki a ka leopala").
A. Brem "Ola ola holoholona": "Me kēlā me ka wikiwiki a me ka dexterity o ka leopadi, he maopopo no ke kumu o ka kafra o kahi holoholona hihiu e hoʻohana ai i nā hanohano. ʻO ka loiloi i kahi "karros" i hana ʻia mai ka ʻili o ka leopadi, a me ka lei lei i nā niho o ka holoholona ma kona ʻāʻī a me kona huelo i kona kāʻei, hāloʻi ke kanaka wiwo ʻole i kona mau hoa kaukau, nona nā huelo o nā moʻo nui a me ke kaumaha.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka manaʻo o Aristotle. ʻAe, hiki i kahi leopona ke hōʻailona o ka huhū a me ka huhū, akā inā ʻaʻole palalike. He me nā leopona (leopio) i ʻike ʻia ka "weliweli e puka mai ana mai loko mai o ke kai" i loko o ka "Apocalypse" (13: 1-2). He leopokō ia, he ʻīlio a me ka leʻaleʻa e alualu nei i ke koa o ke "Divine Comedy" Dante ma ke ala o Hell. ʻAʻole e kāhea ʻia kahi tank Kelemania "leopona".
E like me kaʻu i kākau ai, hiki i ka leopadi ke hiki ke kūpono i nā pā, nā mea i kōkua iā ia e pale aku i ka luku nui ʻana i nā liona a me nā tiger. Akā, ʻo ka punahele punahele o kēia predator, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nahele.Piʻi ka liona kani a lele i waena o nā kumulāʻau, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka weliweli weliweli o nā pōmaikaʻi. ʻAhi pinepine ʻo ia i ke koena o kāna mea ʻānai ma nā lāʻau.
Hiki ke ʻōlelo like ʻia no ka jaguar. Ma ka ʻōlelo a nā kānaka Guarani, ʻo "name" yaguara "he ʻano mele nui loa:" ka holoholona e make ai me ka lele hoʻokahi. " I ka p lele ʻana, ʻoi loa ka wikiwiki o ka mea kime, akā, e like me ka hapanui o nā pōpoki ma kahi mamao loa, wikiwiki koke (ʻoi aku ka ʻike o nā mea hana o ke kaila hakakā ʻo Jaguar?).
ʻO A. Milne "ʻO Winnie ka Pooh a me nā mea āpau āpau": "- A he aha ka hana a nā Jaguars? - ua noi iā Piglet, hohonu hohonu me ka manaʻo ʻole e hana kēia manawa i kēia mea. "E peʻe lākou i nā lālā o nā lāʻau a mai kona wā e kū ai ʻoe i ka wā e kū ana ʻoe ma lalo o kahi kumulāʻau," wahi a Pooh ... "A laila ʻaʻole māua e piʻi i kēia lāʻau, ʻo Pooh, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokuke a hōʻeha iā ia iho." "ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻeha iā lākou iho," wahi a Pooh, "ʻike lākou i ka holo nui ʻana."
No Waiho: “Kaʻi ʻole ka piʻi ʻana i kahi lāʻau: e piʻi ana ka jaguar i nā lāʻau e like me ka pōpoki. ʻIke ʻo Mustanger i kēlā. ... Maʻa mau ka hele ʻana, hele koke ʻo ia i loko o ke kahawai a kū wale i ka wā i hiki mai ai ka wai iā ia i ka pūhaka. Inā hiki iā Maurice ke kumu, maopopo iā ia he waiwai ʻole, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ka jaguar ka piʻi wale ʻana i nā lāʻau e like me ka pōpō, akā ua holo pū ʻo ia e like me ka otter. Pole loa me ka wai i ka wai ma mua o ka ʻāina. "
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka jaguar he lawena lawaiʻa maikaʻi e hoʻokūkū pono ana e huluhulu i nā caimans. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mea punahele punahele o kēia predator he wahi ʻalani puaʻa ʻAmelika Hema (ʻo ka ʻohi ʻana i ka syllable lua) a me nā rodents nui loa o ke ao nei - ʻo ka capybaras e like me ka puaʻa puaʻa hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua paha ka lōʻihi.I ke Ao Hou, ʻo ka jaguar ka nui o ka predator ka nui a me ka weliweli loa, ka mea i kapae aku iā Aliʻi Spaniards "El Tiger." ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua mahalo ka Jaguar a me nā poʻe ʻōiwi. Ma waena o nā mea i kāohi ai ka moʻomeheu Peruv Chavin, nā mālama pōhaku o nā akua i ke ano o ka hapalua mau kānaka, mālama ʻia nā hapalua-jaguars.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema he kiʻi jaguar mai Monte Alban (200 BC) ma ka ʻaoʻao hema he kiʻi o kahi koa Aztec i loko o kahi ʻili jaguar.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā moʻolelo no South America, pinepine ka jaguar i ka hana like me ka wolf i ka moʻolelo dongeng Lūkini - loaʻa ia i kahi ʻano mea hoʻohālike, akā maʻalahi ka noʻonoʻo, i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi opossum a i mea monopolo paha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanaʻo hou i ka moʻolelo mele o Kipling "Ma hea mai kahi kaua," kahi i kī ai ka hedgehog a me ka ʻoihana. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka ʻōlelo aʻo a kona makuahine-jaguars - e huki i kahi honu mai loko o ka ʻāpana - ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha - hoʻohana pinepine nā mea kau mua i kēia ʻano i ke ola maoli.
Ma mua, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka wahi noho o nā jaguars ma ka mokupuni ʻo ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i nā mokuʻāina e like me Texas, Arizona, New Mexico a Kaleponi (i Texas, ʻo ka puke o ka Headless Horseman e lawe nei). Akā, mai ka makahiki 1940, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia mea predator i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, inā ʻoiai e kū mau ana ma Mexico ma kekahi mau wahi.
Pehea kahi ʻano panther?
"Aloha nō hoʻi wau i ka panther ʻeleʻele, i ka nānā ʻana i mua o kona alo iā ia i kahi mau wahi ola ʻole, e like me ka sphinx weliweli ma ka wao nahele uliuli." (F. Garcia Lorca)
Ma ke ʻano ua makemake wau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka inoa he "leopona", piʻi koke ka haunaele ma koʻu poʻo. E akaka paha nā poʻe ʻike loea hou mai e hoʻoponopono iaʻu - he nui nā hewaʻi hakakā ʻē paha i loaʻa iaʻu i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia pilikia.
ʻAʻole pono ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hohonu hohonu i ka ʻike a me ka leo "leo" ma ka inoa o ka leopadi - ʻo ia hoʻi, Ka liona. Akā pehea pehea ka unuhi o ka hapa ʻelua - "pardus" - ʻoi aku ka pololei, "pardus"?I loko o ka ʻatikala Pelekane Wikipedia ua kākau ʻia i kēia hua ʻōlelo Helene kahiko "kahi panther kāne" a huki ʻia mai ka hikina - Indo-Iranian - nā ʻōlelo. A laila ʻo wai kēlā "panther"?
Panther Bagheera i ka Soviet Mf Mowgli.
He mea maʻalahi ia i nā mea heluhelu e ʻōlelo nei i ka ʻōlelo Lūkia e pane ana i kēia nīnau. Hoʻomaopopo ka lehulehu i ka Bagheera hoʻopoina ʻole mai Mowgli i kēlā hola, a ʻo nā mea heluhelu pono e wehewehe no ka panther, ʻaʻole ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa, akā he ʻano leanona o ka leopards uliuli. ʻIke ʻia nā kānaka ʻeleʻele (i kapa ʻia he melanist ma ka ʻepekema) akā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka liona a me nā tigers.
Ma ke ala, i ka Kipling Bagheera kumu - ʻaʻohe wahine kēia, akā ke kāne. Disney i ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo "The Jungle Book" i ʻae iā ia iho i nā ʻumi he nui, akā ua pololei kāna ʻano panther.
ʻO ka melanin puaʻa hoʻonaninani no ke kala ʻokoʻa nui - ka mea nāna e waiho i ke kala o ko mākou lauoho, ke kala o ka iris o ka maka, a me nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia ma lalo o ka hana a nā hihi UV e kū mai ana i ka ʻā o ke kanaka i ka ʻano o ka lā a me nā lā.
ʻO ka mea mua o nā ʻEulopa ma ka medieval i wehewehe i ka ʻōleʻele ʻeleʻele, no laila e ʻōlelo, "mai ke kūlohelohe", ʻo ia ʻo Marco Polo. ʻO kēia mea huakaʻi o ke kenekulia XIII hiki i Kina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kāna mau wehewehe, kāhea ʻo Polo i ka panther "lion".
“He nui nā holoholona like ʻole, ʻaʻole like me nā holoholona o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Aia kekahi liona ʻeleʻele ma laila, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona. ”
Eia naʻe, e nānā i nā mea a Ovid i kākau ai i ka Metamorphoses:
... Ke Akua (nona ka inoa ʻo Bacchus - SK) ʻoiai, ua kau ʻia i ka pāpū me nā ʻawaʻā i nā ʻōpala, ʻO ia nō i lūlū me ka ihe, ua hui ʻia nā ʻalani me nā lau. Nā tigers - a puni ke akua: nā hapanui o nā lynxes i kūlou, a moe koke ʻo Wilds me kahi ʻoki panther ʻikena ...
ʻO ke akua o ka waina waina - ʻo Dionysus - e holo ana i ka leopadi.
Eia eia ka ʻōlelo a Goethe Mephistopheles ma "Faust", e pili ana i ka ʻōpū umauma.
“Kuʻu ʻuhane! Me ka keokeo o ia mau mahina eono e helehelena, e like me ka panther, hiki i ka wahine ke hōʻino i ka ʻoihana. "
Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ma ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, loaʻa mau nā wahi. Ua kākau ʻo E. G ma ka "Wild Animals of India" aia kekahi mahele o nā "under-panthers" ma nā wahi ʻalani e ʻike maka ʻia ana nā kukui ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole kumu me ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ka pahuhopu o kā mākou ʻōlelo alakaʻi "Humpbacked only the grave is hoʻoponopono" e like me ke "Hiki ke hoʻololi ka leopela i kona mau wahi?" ("Hiki i ka leopadi ke hoʻololi i kona mau wahi?").
"ʻO ka Buke a ke kāula a Ieremia" (13:23): "E hiki anei i ka ʻAitiopa ke hoʻololi i kona ʻili a me ka leopadi i kāna mau wahi? Ua hiki anei iā ʻoe ke hana maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka hewa?
ʻO nā wahine i nā kāhiko leopadi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema he kiʻi pena e C.E. Perugini. ʻĀkau - ka luna wahine Italia ʻo Marie-Angela Melato.
R. Kipling "Mowgli": “Kūkū ʻia kahi pale uliuli i waena o ka pōʻai. He Bagheera, he panther ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele loa, e like me ke aniani, akā me nā māka e like me nā panthers āpau, ʻike ʻia i ke kukui, e like me ka papa ʻaina ma ka moire. "
Akā, inā heluhelu kekahi i ka puke, a laila i loko o ka Soviet animated film "Mowgli" palapala maʻalahi i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano o Bagira i ka manawa o ka lawehala, hōʻike lākou iā ia e holo nei me kahi leopao.Hiki i nā keruba ma kahi ʻohana like ʻole ke ʻolua - ʻelua ʻokoʻa a ʻeleʻele. Akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea hope, no ka mea, ke ʻano o ka uliuli pinepine a paʻa i nā kiko kiko. I mea e loaʻa ai i kahi mamo he ʻekahi mau aikini, pono ʻoe i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, akā ʻo ka "Negroes" hiki ke hānau ʻia i nā mākua i ʻike ʻia inā aia nā ʻūleʻele i nā kūpuna. I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā kala, ʻokoʻa ʻole ka leʻaleʻa a me nā panthers.
Eia nō naʻe, he kiʻi kupanaha ʻo ka panther (ʻo ka ʻīpī ʻeleʻele me nā maka wela) i hana i ka panther he hōʻailona maoli o kahi wahine hoʻokalakupua, nani, ʻūhā, ka hoʻopunipuni (a i ka mea kolohe) (ka mele "Agatha Christie" a me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ke kaikamahine wīwī "People" koke koke i ka noʻonoʻo pōʻai "me Nastasya Kinski).
Nastasya Kinsky me kona loli ego.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka Nazis ke kāhea aku i kēia inoa kahi moku kaonahele (akā he formidable) ʻo ia. Ma nā pāpū o nā lima o ka ʻāina o ka ʻApana o Gabon, ʻelua mau panthers ka pale i ka pale a personify (quote) "ka mālama a me ka wiwo ʻole o ke poʻo o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Gabonese."
Ma lalo o ka inoa ʻEleʻele Panthers, ʻike ʻia ka lehulehu radist nationalist Negro.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ma ke Komohana hiki iā lākou ke kāhea aku i kahi leopona maʻamau he "panther", a me ka "epithet" ʻeleʻele "-" ʻeleʻele "ʻili - e hoʻohui ʻia i nā melanist.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia e wehewehe i ka ʻōlelo ma luna nei mai ka Wikipedia he "pardus" ʻo ia ka "male panther". I kēia hihia, huli ia ka mea poʻokela - hele a ka "leopona" kahi ʻano o ke "liona" a ... o ka "lepera" hoʻokahiEia naʻe, nui aʻe nā ho'ākāka o ka loiloi. No ka laʻana, ka manaʻo o nā huaʻōlelo "panther" a me ka "pardus" mai ka Sanskrit "pundarikas" (tiger), ka mea, ke hele nei, mai ka pandarah - "ʻulaʻula". A ma loko o ka ʻatikala "tiger" mai kā Dahl's kamus, hiki iā mākou ke hālāwai me ka haʻiʻōlelo: "ka inoa ʻepekema o ka holoholona Pardus."ʻO ia, ua ʻike ʻia ka "leopona" i ka wā kahiko he ʻano ʻano kea ma waena o ka liona a me nā tiger ...
Me nā inoa ʻekolu o ka leopadi - "leopela" - nā mea ʻaʻole pīhoihoi. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hiki mai ia ma ka huaʻōlelo "prassum" mai ka ʻōlelo a Hatti (ʻo ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo nā kūpuna ʻo Abkhaz a me Adyghe). I ko mākou ʻāina, ua loaʻa ke kumu o ka makahiki 16 a ua kumu, ʻo ka mea mua o nā ʻōpū Caucasian. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana lākou no ka pili ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a me ka ʻalopeke - e like me ka cheetah a i ʻole ka leʻe hau (ʻo ia ka mea e kapa ʻia ʻo "leʻe hau" i ka hopena).
Akā e hoʻi hou i ka huaʻōlelo "panther", kahi o kona kumu he luhi. I ka wā kahiko, ua unuhi maʻalahi ʻia, me ka ʻole o ka ʻū ʻana iā Sanskrit. E like me ka "pan" ma ka Helene "ka mea āpau o ka honua," a ʻo ka "theros" he "holoholona." ʻO ia hoʻi, he "panther" kahi ʻano o nā "holoholona āpau" - he holoholona ma luna o nā holoholona āpau.
Isidore o Seville: “Ke kapa ʻia aku nei kahi panter nona kēia inoa no ka mea he hoa aloha ia no nā holoholona āpau koe wale nō ka derona, a no ka makemake i ka ʻano maʻamau o kāna ʻano, a ʻo ka mea e loaʻa ai iā ia ka hoʻi like me nā ʻano like like.”
E maopopo ʻia ia ʻano ʻano wehewehe ʻē ʻana inā mākou e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi manaʻo kahiko (a ʻole liʻiliʻi kahi mea ʻē aʻe) o kēia holoholona. ʻOiai ma ka honua kahiko, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ka panther (a laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "pardon") hiki ke pale i ka ʻala ʻala ʻono, a hiki i ka holoholona ke kū aku. ʻAʻohe mea kuhi ka poʻe Helene i ka huaʻōlelo "pardalis" ʻaʻole nā leopona wale nō, akā he kākāʻumeʻo - "nā kahuna pule aloha" a i poni ʻia iā lākou iho me ka mea ʻala.
ʻO Aristotle "Kaʻaukala holoholona": "ʻŌlelo nō hoʻi lākou i ka kala, ke ʻike nei he ʻoliʻoli kona ʻono i nā holoholona, ʻoki manu, e hūnā ana iā ia iho: ʻo kona hele mai a kokoke nō i ke kahu o kēia kahe.
Inā inā kūlohelohe kekahi loiloi pragmatic ma kēia wehewehe, a laila nalowale hoʻi i ka wā Karistiano. I ka hōʻike theological, ua hoʻopau ke kanaka i ka mea ʻala e like me ia, me ka mālama ʻole o nā pono insidious.
"Physiologist" (II-III c.): "Ma ka moeʻuhane, hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻono, a ʻākoakoa nā holoholona a pau e puni ana i ka honi a ʻoliʻoli i ke ʻono, a ʻoliʻoli, pālahalaha i ka hauʻoli a me ka leʻaleʻa i nā ulu lāʻau a me nā māla."
Ua ʻona ʻo Panther i nā holoholona āpau, akā weliweli ʻo ka ʻili, kahi e hūnā ana i ka lua. Ke kiʻi nei mai "Bestiary" (XII kenekulia).
I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻona me ka ʻōlelo a Kristo, e ʻāpono ana i nā ʻuhane o nā kānaka i kaʻiʻo. I ka moʻomeheu maikaʻi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka Fair Lady me kahi pantala ʻala.
ʻO ka bestiary o ke aloha ma Rhymes, he wahi poʻomanaʻo i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 13. Hele au ma hope ona, e like me ka hele ʻana o nā holoholona, E hoʻokūkū ana i ka panter. Hele wau no ia a hele, hele pū wau me ka wahine. ʻO ka mea aloha, he hoihoi, beckons, a me ka hanu ʻo Dope. Ka kala i nā mot motors, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Panther ma mua o nā holoholona āpau. Nā kuʻi me ka nani nani. Ke ala aʻe nei, me ka uē o ka leo nui, ʻā ka momona i ka pepeiao, A ʻo ka ʻuhane ʻuhane o keulā ke hoʻopiha i nā ulaula, ʻAʻohe mea ʻala ʻono. He mea ʻono maikaʻi a ka holoholona. ʻAno wale ka nahesa i makaʻu iā ia, Hoʻōla ʻia ʻo ia, me he mea lā mai loko mai. Akā, nā kānaka āpau, koe wale nō i ka nahesa, e ʻoliʻoli e hoʻomaʻalā i ka mea ala maikaʻi,
J. Boschius, "Hoʻokumu ʻia ka haʻaheo ma nā wahi." 1702 g
Akā ma loko o kaʻu puke moʻomeheu Gustav Meyrink "The Angel of the Western Window", ua hui pū ʻia ka mea hoʻopunipuni hewa ʻole i ka panther.
"ʻO ke kaikamahine kūlohelohe me ka nānā kūlohelohe maoli i puka mai i loko o kona makuakāne makuahine-lei. ʻO kona puʻuwai nani, ʻaʻole i kūpono i ke kapa hue mālamalama, ke mālama nei i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao Isais, he like me ka hana maoli. ʻO ka lole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka papahele, ua hoʻāla ka mea ʻala makehe loa, ma ka liʻiliʻi e like me kēia mea leʻaleʻa ʻehā o ka panther, ke kūlapa ʻana i kaʻu mau nika, i koʻu kūlana i hala ʻole ʻia.
Inā ma waena o ʻEulopa, ua hewa loa nā manaʻo e pili ana i nā leopold (ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma laila), a ma ka manawa o Meyrinka ua ʻike lākou i ka pōʻino o kēia mea e ʻike ai.
Akā e hoʻokaʻawale au i kahi ʻokoʻa i nā cannibals i loko o ka ʻohana ʻoi.
ʻO ke kūlana ola
ʻO ka hapa pinepine, kahi alualu wale i ke ola i alakaʻi i kahi jaguar. E ʻimi ʻo ka ʻeke Panther ʻimi i ka lā ma hope o ka pō.
Aia kahi pākahi i ka ʻāina o 25 a 100 100 mika square. km Eia kekahi, ʻo ka māhele o ko lākou ʻāina i ke ʻano, e like me ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o kahi kuʻekuʻe, a ʻo kona nui e hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano, ʻo ka nui o ka pāʻani e noho ai ma laila a me ka ʻano o kēia holoholona hihiu (ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka wahine ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi).
Aia kāhea i kā lākou ʻāina ma kekahi wahi, e ʻimi pinepine nei ke kāne no nā lā 3-4, a laila ʻimi ʻo ia i ka waiwai i kekahi wahi o kāna mau ʻāina. ʻAʻole ʻae ke jaguar i ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana puaʻa i ka home, akā maluhia no ka pili ʻana o nā hoahānau, a no laila e komo pū ka pae ʻāina o kēia mau holoholona.
Lā noho ka jaguar uliuli noho ma kahi ʻōpala (i ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, ma luna o ka lāʻau) e kali ana i kāna mea pio. Ke ʻike nei ʻo ia iā ia mai ke kua mai hope a ʻaoʻao paha, lālau loa ʻo ia i ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole e like me nā pōpoki hihiu, i kekahi manawa e hoʻokuʻe ʻo ia i ka palu o ke pio. ʻO kāna hopu nui ka tapir, nā capybaras, nā mea kahu, nā manu, nā kahe, nā mea nui, nā iʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Jaguar (Panthera onca)
I nā kahulaha ʻauʻau o Central me ʻAmelika Hema, aia kahi kulu nani i nānā ʻia jaguar. ^ E Ha yM. He palaa ka hulu o ka holoholona, ʻokoʻa ke kala ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula. Uhaʻi ke kino me nā ʻeleʻele i loko o ke ʻano o nā apo, ma waenakonu kahi i waiho i ka ʻāpana - ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū. Maʻa nā pale, ākea, ma ka speck ʻeleʻele.
He ihu kolo ka mea nāna e hoʻolaha, ua liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, kuhikuhi i nā kihi. ʻO ka maka o ka holoholona me ka hue gula, nānā a nānā a nānā. Ikaika nā niho nā ka jaguar e wawahi wale aku i ka mea pio, e hoʻopilehu ana i ka ʻuʻu pōpō. Kūpono nā ʻū lōʻihi, pale liʻiliʻi i nā kihi. Ua hoʻohana pū ʻo ia i nā kīkoki, e hōʻeha ana i nā hōʻeha make i ka ʻenemi. ʻO ke ʻano nui o ke kau ʻana ka ʻili. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻūlohe nui i ka holoholona me ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka ʻike i ka pō ma mua o ke ao, no laila ke neʻe ʻo ia ma ka ululā pō.
ʻO ke kino o ka jaguar ka lōʻihi o 120 a 185 cm - ʻaʻohe o kahi ʻāpana. Hiki i ka huelo ke 75 cm. He nui ka holoholona, ʻo kona paona ka 60 mai ka 80 kg, akā i kekahi manawa e 120.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka jaguar i ke ola ʻana i kona mau hoahānau o ka ʻohana cat - ka ʻimi kūʻokoʻa i kekahi wahi. ʻO kēia kuʻuna no nā wahine ka ana he 25 mau kilomita square, a no ke kāne ke hiki iā ia a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau mika square. km
Hoʻomaka ka jaguar i ka ʻimi ma hope o ka lā a ma mua o ka puka ʻana ma luna o ka lele. ʻO ke koho pio ke koho nui i nā puʻuwai. I ka hoʻomakaʻana, noho ʻo ia i loko o kahi hoʻohālua no ka manawa lōʻihi, e peʻe ana i ka nahele ma nā mauhele lāʻau a mauʻu paha. A laila he kaki kikoʻī - hiki i ka lōʻihi o 6 mau mika, a me ka waiwai i loko o kāna mau mauʻaoʻao. Hoʻi pinepine ia mai ke kua a i ʻole mai ka ʻaoʻao e hopu ai i ka ʻā. Inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka pahuhopu a haʻalele ʻia ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka ʻimi ʻana - hoʻomau ʻo ia no ke kali ʻana a e hele ana paha no kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, ka iʻa.
Hiki i kekahi ke lilo i pōpilikia no kahi mea nāna e hoʻohoka, mai nā kahe mau i nā nahe a me nā rodents, ʻo ia hoʻi nā tapir, nā mea ʻoa manu, nā capybaras, a me nā honu. Ma hope o kahi, piʻi maikaʻi ka holoholona i nā lāʻau, hiki ke piʻi i kahi pōhaku, a maʻemaʻe maikaʻi.
ʻAʻohe o Jaguars i kahi ʻano pana kūikawā. ʻO ke koho o ka hoa pili holoʻokoʻa i ka wahine, ʻōpiopio ka honu 100 lā ma hope o ka ʻāʻī ʻana. ʻO ia ke koho i kahi noho aliʻi i nā lāʻau lāʻau, i waena o nā pōhaku a i ʻole kahi māka. ʻElua keiki a ʻehā mau keiki i ka jaguar wahine. Eono mau wiki e noho ai nā keiki liʻiliʻi me ko lākou makuahine i ka lua, a laila hiki mai ka manawa o ka ʻimi mua. Ke ʻimi nei lākou me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ke koho ʻana i ka ʻāina kūpono no lākou iho a hoʻomaka i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki ka emi ana ka nui o ka jaguar. No ka hoʻopauʻana o ka huluhulu maikaʻi, mālama nā poacher i kā lākou pana ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka mea i hānai i ka hānai. I mea e pale ai i ka holoholona mai ka hoʻopau piha ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kau i ka Puke Red Jaguars.
Pahu a keiki
ʻAʻole hanana ka Jaguars i kekahi wā hānai. He wahine mākaukau no ka mare (mai ka makahiki 3 o kona mau makahiki) “hōʻike” i kēia i nā kāne, e ʻoki ana i nā kumulāʻau me ka urine, a hana pū nō hoʻi i nā ʻano "leo" i pane aku ai nā kāne me nā haki.
He hoihoi kēia! Ua kāwī kekahi poʻe hopu iā jaguar iā lākou, me ka hoʻohālike i ka kāhea ʻana i ka wahine. ʻO Jaguars, ka laulā hoʻokahi, hoʻokahi wale nō ke hoʻopili ʻia i loko o nā hui.
Akā ʻaʻole nā kāne i hakakā i waena o lākou iho, ke koho kūʻokoʻa ʻia nei ka koho ʻana e ke kāne mare a neʻeneʻe iki i ke kahua o kāna mea i wae ʻia..
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale lākou. Hoʻonohonoho ka wahine i kāna lua ma waena o nā mākeke, i kahi peʻe a huna paha, kahi ma hope o 100 lā o ka hāpai ʻana, hānau mai ʻo ia i nā lālani 2-4. ʻAʻole like ka hoka o ka jaguars i ko lākou mau mākua; ʻAʻole ka makuahine i hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i waho o ka lua i nā mahina 1,5 mua o ko lākou ola.
Eia naʻe, hānai lākou i ka waiū makuahine no ka 5-6 mau mahina. Hoʻomaka ka makuahine e lawe iā lākou me ia i ka hopu a hiki i ka wā e ulu ai a hiki ke noho i kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku paha ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO ka hapalua wale nō o nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka wā ʻōpiopio. Hiki i ka Jaguar ke hāʻawi i nā hua ma ka uhaʻi ʻana me kahi panther a i ʻole leopadi.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
Nā Nānā
- Sokolov V.E.
ʻO ka hapanui papa inoa o nā inoa holoholona. Nā Pākuʻi Latin, Lūkia, Pelekānia, Kelemānia, Farani. / hoʻoponopono ʻia e Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M .: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 108. - 10,000 kope. - ʻO Stephen Wroe, ʻo Colin McHenry, a me Jeffrey Thomason (2006). “Kūkū Bite: kahi hoʻohālikelike hoʻokūkū waiwai i nā mammies nui a me ka wānana o ka hanana predatory i ka fossil taxa” (PDF). Nā hana ʻana a ka Royal Society B
(Royal Society)
272
(1563): 619-625. DOI: 10.1098 / rspb.2004.2986. Kau ʻia Iune 7, 2006. - Kauoha 2, ʻ Dictionarylelo Pelekānia o Oxford
, Ika wa e 2 - Fernando de Montesinos.
ʻO ka ʻike kahiko a me nā moʻolelo politika e pili ana iā Piru. ʻO ka puke ʻelua. www.kuprienko.info (A. Skromnitsky) (Iulai 24, 2008). - unuhi ʻia e V. Talah, Kiev, 2006. Nā kiʻi ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ʻAukake 21, 2011. Ua kiʻi ʻia ʻo ʻOkakopa 8, 2009. - Pedro Cieza de Leon.
ʻOnoa o Peru. Māhele Mahele .. www.kuprienko.info (A. Skromnitsky) (ʻApelila 28, 2009). Kuhi ʻia mai ka mea mua ma ʻAukake 21, 2011. Ua kiʻi ʻia ʻo ʻOkakopa 8, 2009. - Diego Gonzalez Holguin.
ʻ Dictionarylelo Pelekane Quechua (1608) .. www.kuprienko.info (A. Skromnitsky). Kuhi ʻia mai ka mea mua ma ʻAukake 21, 2011. Ua kiʻi ʻia ʻo ʻOkakopa 8, 2009. - ↑ 123
Johnson, W.E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W.J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. & O’Brien, S.J. (2006). "ʻO ka radiation Late Miocene o Felidae hou: kahi loiloi genetic."
ʻEpekema311
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: 319—347. ISSN 0041-1752. - ↑ 123
ʻO Dianne N. Janczewski, William S. Modi, J. Claiborne Stephens, a me Stephen J. O’Brien (1 Iulai 1996). "Hōʻike molekula o Mitochondrial 12S RNA a me Cytochrome b Sequences i ka Pantherine Lineage o Felidae."
He huaʻāina hoʻokolohua a me ka ʻōiwi12
(4). PMID 7544865. Kuha i Iune 7, 2006. - Yu L & Zhang YP (2005). "Nā noiʻi Phylogenetic o nā pantherine cat (Felidae) e pili ana i nā ʻano genes, me ka palapala noi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka beta beta-fibrinogen intron 7 i nā karnivora." Nā Molecular Phylogenetics a me Evolution35
(2): 483-495. DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2005.01.01.01. PMID 15804417. - Johnson WE & Obrien SJ (1997). "Hoʻomaka ka phylogenetic o ka Felidae me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā 16S rRNA a me nā huaʻā o ka mitochondrial NADH-5." Ka Moʻolelo o Molecular Evolution44
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(1). DOI: 10.1046 / j.1365-294X.2001.01144.x. PMID 11251788. Kuha ʻia Iune 7, 2006.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Ma ka palena ʻākau o ka wahi no nā jaguars e kū ana ma nā ʻāpana Mexico a me nā mokuʻāina hema hema o ʻAmelika. Noho nā holoholona i nā palena ʻākau o ʻAmelika a me Paraguay, a me ke kahakai o Venezuela. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā jaguars e noho nei ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Brazil, ʻo Mato Grosso. Loaʻa ka nui o nā iwi o ka jaguars ma ke awāwa ʻo Amazon.
No ke ola, pono kahi jaguar i kekahi mau māhele:
- wai kai kokoke
- nā lau nahele maloʻo no ka kamelo ʻoiai e ʻimi ana,
- ka ulu ʻana i ka nui me ka nui.
Hāʻawi ka ʻano kūlohelohe iā lākou i nā waiwai me nā kumu pakanawai ma nā kahawai, nā puʻu kahakai, nā awāwa wai, a me nā wahi pali. Ma nā wahi wela, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka jaguars. Akā hiki ke piʻi i nā mauna, eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2700 m (nā poʻe o ka Andes). I ka manawa i hui ʻia ai ʻo Jaguars ma Costa Rica i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3800 m, akā he mea kaʻawale kēia, ʻaʻole maʻamau nā ʻano kuahiwi.
Hoʻi i nā manaʻo
ʻO ka maʻamau a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka jaguar a me ka panther
- ʻO nā panthers a me nā jaguars nā ʻohana like - feline.
- ʻO nā mea ʻelua e koho ai.
- ʻOi aku ka mākaukau o ka "panther" ma mua o ka "jaguar", no kēia me ke ʻano nui o ka jaguar he ʻano panther (kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa maoli o ka feline).
- Hiki i kahi panther ke ʻokoʻa i kahi jaguar i ka waihoʻoluʻu o kona ʻili: i ka panther ʻeleʻele ia, i loko o kahi jaguar, he ʻili-ʻula.
- ʻO ka holoholonauarua ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, hiki iā ia ke hele wikiwiki i 90 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola, wikiwiki ʻo Panther - 60 km i hoʻokahi hola.
- Noho nui ʻo Jaguars ma nā ʻāina ʻAmelika, e noho nui ana nā panthers ma nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa.