He pulupulu nui paha kekahi mea hihiu paha?

Object of study - manu-ʻili.

Kumuhana o ke aʻo - nā meaʻai ʻona.

kumu - e aʻo i nā mea a ka ʻalopona e ʻai.

Nā Kūlana:

· E aʻo i nā palapala pili i ke kumuhana noiʻi

· Hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike o nā haumāna ma ke kumuhana.

· Hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo (huaʻōlelo): predator a me nā mea kanu

· E hoʻomālamalama i ka ʻai ʻona manu

· Hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻike maikaʻi e pili ana i ka ʻao.

Hoʻomau Ma kahi haʻawina mai waho o ka honua, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou i kahi hana hoʻoikaika: e hana i kahi kaila ʻai kahi aia kahi ʻano nui.

ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kahi pili e kau ai i loko: 2 a 3. Pehea kēia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o kaʻu noiʻi.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā pepeke hānai i nā mea kanu. No laila ua kāhea ʻia lākou khawaioha. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopau aku lākou i nā mano o nā lau o nā palaoa, nā huaʻalā, nā ʻale, nā beets, hao i nā lole a me nā ukana, a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hale a me nā alahaka. ʻAʻole kā nā pepeke āpau e ʻai i nā mea kanu kanu, aia ma waena o lākou a nā mea hoʻopiʻi (nā mea hihiu e hānai ana i nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohanohano loa manu-ʻalaka. ^ E Ha yM. Mai Pelekānia, kahi unuhi maoli pōpilikia he dragon a lele - kahi lele.

Nā kiʻi manuahi i ka wā kahiko. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻino a maikaʻi hoʻi, kahi mea kānalua ʻole i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana o kā mākou honua. ʻO nā Dragonflies, kekahi o nā inisini kahiko loa, puka ʻia ma kā mākou honua 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

ʻAʻole like me nā ʻōpio o kēia mau lā i ko lākou mau hoahānau kahiko, a he maikaʻi kēia. A e lele aku nā manu nui ma luna o ko mākou honua - a i ʻole nā ​​manu, a i ʻole nā ​​manu manu.

Na maka. ^ E Ha yM. Ke nānā nei i kahi dragonfly, ʻo ka mea mua e hoʻopiʻi i ka nānā ʻana i nā maka. ʻAe like lākou iā mākou nui loa a ʻaʻole i kū like me ka nui o ka popo. I ka hiki ʻole o nā leo pepeiao, ʻo ka mea nui e pono ai ka mea ʻōpio a nā maka e ʻike ai.

Ua wehe ka ʻike a Dragonfly i kahi infrusion, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke loaʻa nā ʻike ma ka mahana o nā mea e puni ana. Mālama kēia waiwai iā ia i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ai nāu.

Hoʻolālā. ^ E Ha yM. No ka ʻaupō, he mea ʻole ke kānāwai o ka hemolele, a ʻo ke kānāwai kū ʻole o ka lewa. Hoʻolaha paha i ka lewa, a laila lele koke a lele paha a lele paha ma ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa o 90 km / h. Hiki iā ia ke lele me ka hoʻomaha ʻole no kekahi mau hola. E hāhā nā ʻēheu ʻehā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka lōʻihi o ka lele, me kēlā me kēia pālua e hana kūʻokoʻa, akā i ka manawa like pū me ke ʻano like. Hiki i nā Dragonflies ke hana maʻalahi i nā holo mokulele he kilomita. I ka wā o ka lele, hana ʻia nā dragonflies i nā ʻēheu me 100 fl mau kekona i ka lua. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, e noho ana ka mokulele ma luna o kekahi mea kanu a hoʻomaha a hiki i ke kakahiaka aʻe.

Mea ʻai. He manuʻuhane a Dragonfly, a wikiwiki a nui i ka ulu. Hoʻokū ʻo ka ʻōpū i nā keiki ʻuʻuku me nā ʻōpala nui i ka lele, a me nā mea nui me nā wāwae ona. No ka ʻaina nui i ka ʻai nui, ua iho ʻo ia i lalo i ka lepo a noho ma ka nui o nā mauʻu a me ka pua paha. He hihiʻo hoihoi ʻo Dragonfly. Inā komo kekahi mau pepeke i kāna mahina o ka ʻike, manuahi ka ʻalopona i kekahi manawa i ka lewa, a hoʻololi koke i ke kuhikuhi, e holo koke i ka ʻai.

Ke wikiwiki nei ke kaʻina ʻana o ka ʻai, no ka mea maʻa like ʻole ka ʻalopona. ʻO kāna hana i kēlā me kēia lā e ke kaumaha he mau manawa ʻoi aʻe ma mua o kona kaupaona ʻana. ʻO nā mea ʻai nui ka manu lele i lilo i meaʻino i nā kānaka, e like me ka lele. Hiki i ka manu Paka ke ʻai a hiki i ke 40, a ʻoi paha ka lele ma kēlā me kēia lā. Ua loaʻa kēia mau helu ma muli o nā hoʻokolohua i alakaʻi ʻia i ka pio, inā pono ka nui o nā meaʻai i ka ʻai ma mua o ke ola maʻamau. Hoʻopili ke ʻano o nā lele, nā namu, nā alapine a me kekahi mau mea ʻino e lele ana i ka ʻai o nā ʻao manu.

ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻaihue a ʻāʻī paha. ʻO nā ʻano āpau a pau no ka dragonflies. Eia kekahi, he mau pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi lākou, ʻoiai e luku ana lākou i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā manu he nui i kahi kokoke i ke kaiāulu e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke kaiāulu a me ke alo o nā ʻona he nui i laila.

He ʻehā mau pule e ola ai ka ʻōpio makua ʻelima. ʻO ka mea lōʻihi loa i ola i loko o nā hebedoma.

He manuʻomaka a ʻano hoʻohālikelike ʻo Dragonfly.

Hoʻohālikelike Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei i kaʻu noiʻi, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo aʻe: Ua loaʻa wau i kaʻu pahuhopu, aʻoi aku i nā mea hou a he mau mea hou e pili ana i ka dragonfly, kona kuleana a me kona ʻano ma ke ʻano. Aʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole pololei kaʻu hypothesis. ʻAʻole kahi holoholona hihiu ka lāʻau, akā he mea predator.

Nā kiʻi ʻulaʻula

He ʻōhā lōʻihi a Dragonfly me nā ʻāpana pale, ka umauma a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā manu manu, e pili ana i nā ʻano, ʻokoʻa ma waena o 3-12 kenimika. ʻOkoʻa ke kala: ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka melemele. Pōwili ka ʻēheu a ʻilihune, loaʻa nā helu nui o nā veins longitudinal, e hoʻoikaika ana i kā lākou palupalu. Eia kekahi, he wahi ʻeleʻele ma luna o ka ʻēheu, ʻaʻole kēia he mea hoʻonaninani, lawelawe ia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻole ʻia o ka lele i loko o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka naū.

Aliʻi (Odonata).

He 3 wāwae a nā wāwae āpau i uhi ʻia me nā bristles. He mākuhaka waha ʻehā lākou, aʻo ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa e like me ke kala, lele ʻia i mua a hopu i ka mea nāna. He mau maka nui nā Dragonflies e kōkua ai iā lākou e loaʻa iā lākou ka mea hopu: hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka mea make ma ka mamao o 10 mau mika. He paʻakikī nā maka, he kaʻula helehelena.

Kōkua manu

Hōʻeha nui nā manu manu, lele lākou ma ka wikiwiki nui, no ka laʻana, aia kekahi mau ʻōiwi e lele i ka wikiwiki o 100 mau hola i hoʻokahi hola. Akā ʻo ka mea pinepine ka lele ʻana ma ka wikiwiki o 5 mau hola no ka hola. Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke lanakila i nā haneli mau mile ʻole me ke kū ʻole. Hiki i nā manu ke holo i ka lewa, ke kū koke.

ʻO ka manu o nā manuahi wikiwiki loa.

Ke noho nei ka dragonfly ma luna o ka ʻāina a i ʻole ma luna o kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuʻi i kona mau ʻēheu; aia nō kona mau ʻēheu i ʻōlelo pālahalaha.

He ʻōlima manu hihiu āpau, e ʻai ana i ka lele, ka namu, ka puʻu a me nā mea inikua ʻē aʻe. Ke alualu nei nā Dragonflies i kā lākou poʻe pōmaikaʻi me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki. I ka wā o ka lele, lele nā ​​manu i kona mau wāwae i loko o ka hīnaʻi mea kūpono i ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio ma luna o ka lele.

Nā alakaʻi manuahi i ka noho maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻenemi ʻenemi he ʻano manu like manu, a me nā ʻuʻuku hoʻi.

Pāʻani manu ʻili

I ka wā pana, hoʻokō nā kāne i kahi hulahula, me ke kōkua o ko lākou hoʻokūkū ʻana i ka wahine a hoʻokuke aku i nā mea noi ʻē aʻe mai ona lā. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, e waiho ana ka wahine ma kahi o 200 hua. Hana ʻo ia i kahi waiho i loko o ka wai wai a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu a me nā mea lāʻau.

Ma mua o ka hōʻea i kahi ʻina o kahi pepeke makua, hele ka ʻalopona i ʻelua mau manawa o ka hoʻomohala.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā dragonflies i kēlā mau hanana 3: kahi hua manu, a larva a me kahi imago. E neʻe liʻiliʻi ana nā ʻōuli, ulu lākou i ka wai hou. Hiki i nā lolo o kekahi o nā ʻano holo manuahi e hoʻomohala ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. Loaʻa nā maka nui o nā maka. He ʻano maikaʻi loa kēia poʻe kolohe, e ʻai ana lākou i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau. Noho ka larva no nā hola i kahi kau, i ka manawa ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka poʻe pōā, lele ka mea make me ka wikiwiki o ka uila. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai me nā pepeke aila.

ʻOiai he mau mea ʻai nā kao ʻānuaka, ʻo lākou ka mea maʻamau i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o nā wai wai, no ka laʻa. O nā haneli o nā hua he, ʻekolu wale nō wale nō e ola e lilo i ka manuʻalani makua.

ʻO nā mea ʻōlepū manu manu he mea hoʻohemo maoli.

Noho ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi pākaukau no kekahi manawa, a i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā manawa he nui, ua puka mai kahi ʻōpio ʻōpio mai loko o ka wai ma ke ake o ka mea kanu. Ke hoʻomau nei ke kanu hou a hāʻule hou, puka mai kahi ʻohu keu me nā ʻēheu polū. Aia maloʻo nā ʻēheu, lele ka manu a lele i ka hopu.

Noho ke ʻōpū o nā manu ʻōpio no kahi mahina a make a make. I ka huina, ke ola ʻana o ke ola, ʻo nā ʻano a pau loa, hiki i ka 7 mau makahiki.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Ke ʻano o ka poʻo a me ka maka

Hiki i ka mea nāna e hoʻihoʻi i kona poʻo ma o ka 180 ma muli o kahi pilina kūikawā me ka umauma.

Hoʻopuka ka mea kanu ma o nā ʻanuʻu i ulu ʻia, i mea ikaika i ka inikini, aia ma lalo o ka ihu o ke poʻo.

ʻO nā maka he nui e hoʻopiha ana i ka ¾ o ke poʻo ka nui o 30,000 mau ʻāpana. He mau maka liʻiliʻi kēia, ka mea e hana kaʻawale inā pono. Na nā laina i luna ke kuleana no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻāpana a me nā haʻalulu, ʻo nā mea haʻahaʻa e hoʻohana ʻia ana e koho i ka kala. Hiki i nā maka ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mālamalama ultraviolet.

Ma ke kua o ke poʻo, kokoke i ka pāpale o ke poʻo, i ka ʻupepau he ʻekolu mau maka maʻalahi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka triangle. Loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i ka honua a puni iā ​​ia, ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma hope ona, ʻike ka mea predator i ka mea pōʻino ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ʻewalu mau mika.

Ehia mau ʻēheu?

ʻElua mau pālua o nā ʻēheu mākino, kūʻokoʻa iho i nā lehelehe ʻelua, kahi paʻa o nā ʻāpana o ka chitin, ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka umauma ma o kahi ʻōnaehana kūʻokoʻa. Aia wale nō ka ʻālo i kahi mīkini lele lele like, i ka manawa o nā pu i nā ʻēheu e hiki ke hele mai a hiki i kekahi wahi. ʻO nā ʻēheu o kekahi mau holoholona i ʻoi aku he 18 cm.ʻAi nui ka maneuverability e hiki i ka inikini ke hiki aku i ka holo o ka 60 km / h, akā kēlā me kēia ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ia ma kahi o 30 km / h.

ʻAuhea ke ola o ka ʻīlio?

ʻO ka ākea o ka pōʻino stinging e like me ka nui o nā koho koho. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka poʻe i nānā ʻia, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, aʻulaʻula. Aia pū kekahi me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpū ma luna o ke kua o ke kala nui.

No nā dragonflies, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā loko, a ʻai nui, a me ke anuanu ʻoi aku ka makemake. Mālama kēia i ko lākou wahi noho ponoʻī i kahi kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. Kūpono lākou ma:

ʻAʻole e ola i nā wahi maloʻo.

Ehia mau manu e ola ai?

ʻO kahi manawa pōkole o ke ola, ʻo 3-5 mau mahina wale nō, ʻike maopopo i kahi ola ikaika loa. Nā manu manu i ka diurnal, i nā mea inanahi me ka neʻe a me ka hopu i ka lā kūloi o ka lā. I ka pō, i ke anilā pōkole, hūnā lākou i nā pā. Hele hoʻi ʻo Winters ma laila.

Ma hope o ka hoka ʻana mai kahi hua manu ma ke ʻano o kahi larva, e noho ana ka iniseti i loko o ka wai wai a hiki i ka 5 mau makahiki, mau molika ʻoi aku he 10 mau manawa. Inā i ʻole kēia e ʻai i ka ʻalopona, ulu nā ʻēheu ma ka larva, a lele ʻo ia i luna o ka lālā o ka mea kanu kahi e kūleʻa ai nā pōʻai maoli. Hohola ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu, lele, lilo i pākeke.

ʻO nā hōʻai nunui nui, ʻae i ka manawa maloʻo i loko o kahi anu, e hele mai i ke ola ma hope o ka ua mua. Kūkulu kekahi mau ʻelele i nā huakaʻi mokulele ma luna o nā wahi he nui mai nā pūnaewele hānai.

I ka wā he e lohi nei, make ka hapa nui o nā dragonflies. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka huaʻu hou mai nā hua. Hoʻomaka ka pōʻai o ke ola o kēia iniseti kupaianaha.

Makee

ʻAʻole ʻoe e piluwale e ka lele hoʻokipa mahalo ʻole: ʻo ka neʻe haʻaheʻe waki e hū ana ma hope o ke kaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻonanea ʻulaʻula. Hoʻolima ʻia me ke kino o kahi mea lele lele lele lele, ua kokoke loa ia i ka ʻekekema ʻōwapa ʻana ma ka lewa. Ke holo nei i luna o ka lele, ʻo ka dragonflies ka mea i hōʻeha i ka mea mai lalo mai. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ke ʻano kūikawā o ka hihiʻo, ka mea e wehe ai i ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa e kū'ē i kahi lani kūlohelohe. Hoʻopili nā pōʻino, helu i kahi kokoke i 100% o ka hana o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ia e ka heluhelu ʻana o ka ʻike me nā maka āpau.

Ke loaʻa nei ka mea i pio, ua hoʻoponopono i ka inika me kona mau wāwae mua, e hoʻohuli ana i ka manawa e hana ai i kekahi neʻe. A laila, me nā pīkole ma waena o nā wāwae, e kahe ana ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu. Ke nalowale nei i ka mana e ola ai, ua hana mau ʻia ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka ʻāʻī mau maka ikaika i ka moku ʻoi, e hoʻouna ʻia no ka hana hou ʻana.

Ke hoʻopau ʻana i ka mea i pio, hoʻomaka hou ka mea nāna e hopu.

I nā kūlana o ka hala ʻole o ka pio mea ʻole, hiki i ka ʻalopona ke ʻai i ke 40 a me nā mea hou a keu me ka ʻole e pau.

ʻO ka pilikia nui i nā manu ʻōpio, nā manu, kekahi mau ʻano iʻa, nā ʻalā nui e hiki ai i ka hōʻeha. Eia naʻe, ʻapopō, e like me ka mea wānana maʻamau, pale ʻia i nā mea hope loa: mipi, pili.

Nā ʻohana

Hōʻike ka papa i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o kekahi mau ʻohana.

Mea ʻai

Pehea ka ʻike nui ʻia ʻana o ka pono a me ke kanaka e lawe mai i kēia mau iniseti i ʻike ʻia ma ka nānā ʻana i ka mea e ʻai ai nā dragonflies. ʻOiai i ka papa hana hoʻokalakupua, nui loa lākou.

He ākea ka nui o ka ʻai. He pepeke manu hihiʻo. ʻO ka papaʻai nā mea lele lele e lele ai i ka nui o nā ʻāina.

He aha nā manu e ʻai ai:

• Nā laka
• lele
• mololo
• he alaka,
• nā mea hihiu lele like a me kā lākou maniki.
• daphnia.

ʻO ka mollusk kahi meaʻoi aku ka nui, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai. Ke noho nei i loko o kahi puʻuwai, e hopohopo nei ka larva i ka mea hoʻopiʻi e hoʻokokoke i ka mamao e pono ai, e hoʻouka ʻia me kahi ākea kūpono a me ka wikiwiki nui.

ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka, i ka hiki ʻana i ka pākeke, wehewehe ʻo ia i ke ʻano, ua lili i ka pale i ka malihini, hakakā, pale i kāna waiwai.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano nui i ʻoi aku ka poʻe liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou ʻai e ʻai pū ai i nā iʻa iʻa, nā mea kanu, nā ʻaluna, nā bako, a me nā kaikuaʻana - nā ʻupua. Pūnaehana meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā - nui nāu, nā pōpoki, nā pōpō, nā mea kokoke i nā kino wai.

Lele lele ʻo ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, nā mea ʻānai e ʻai nui i nā pōpoki o nā pepeke manu, nā koena o nā mea ola, nā loko wai maʻemaʻe, e ʻohi kūleʻa i nā pua o nā puna, nā loko wai maʻemaʻe o ke koʻo o ka flora a me nā manu. Hoʻokomo wale nā ​​kānaka i ka mea hoʻokahi. Hāʻawi lākou i ka lawaiʻa me ka ʻai ʻole, ʻai i ka daphnia a me nā pepeke liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka wai.

He ʻokoʻa a ʻike kupaianaha ka honua o nā nāhelehe. Hōʻike nā Dragonflies i kēia. ʻOi ʻia ka helehelena a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kala o nā pōpoki. Loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai he pono nā loea a me ka hoʻolālā. Loaʻa ke ʻano ola a me ka meaʻaiʻai i waena o nā poʻe āpau o ka honua holoholona. He ʻano mea kupaianaha maoli ʻo Dragonfly!

ʻO kēia mau mea palupalu koʻikoʻi i hoʻonani i ko mākou honua he mau moʻolelo lōʻihi a kānalua ʻole hoʻi, no ka mea, ʻo nā manu ʻōpua ka hānau kahiko o nā mea make ʻole i kēia lā.

Ua puka mai ko lākou mau kūpuna ma ka Honua ma kahi o 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala a he nui nā kūlike. Kipa ʻia ko lākou mau ʻēheu i 90 cm, kahi hoʻohālikelike me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā manu nui loa e noho ana i ka lewa i kēia lā.

Akā i ka manawa o ka manawa, ua loli ka honua a puni iā ​​mākou. Ua nalowale hoʻi nā mea e noho ana. ʻĀnō hoʻi ua loaʻa nā ʻēheu o ka ʻīlio manuahi nui loa i 20 cm.

E hoʻopili nui ʻia kēia mau mea hihiu i nā maka. I ka nānā mua, ʻike nui lākou i ka nunui. Akā no ka mea he kūpono nā mea āpau a me ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe maʻamau. Loaʻa i nā maka o nā manu Dragonfly kekahi mau maka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka helu o ka hiki ke piʻi aku i 30 tausani. Hālike kēlā me kēia mau mea kūʻokoʻa a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea ʻē aʻe e nā cell pigment.Ma muli o kēia ʻano, hiki i ka manu lele ke ʻike i nā manawa a pau e kū ana a puni ma ka hema, ʻākau, mua a me hope.

I kekahi manawa i manaʻo ʻia ua ola kēia mau mea make ma waho o nā kānāwai o ka maʻamau a me ke kūʻē o ka ea: ʻoiai lākou i ka manu i ka lele, a laila wikiwiki koke i luna, a holo wikiwiki paha i kahi me kahi wikiwiki e hiki ai i 90 km / h. Hiki i ko lākou neʻe mau i nā hola he nui. Hiki i ka ahonui kupanaha a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā dragonflies i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻēheu ʻehā. E hana kūʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia pālua, akā i ka manawa like i ka launa pūloli, e hana ana i nā hōʻeha 150 i kekona. A ke hopena, hiki i nā iniseti ke kū aku i nā pulela lōʻihi, a luhi hoʻi i ke ahiahi, noho lākou ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau a hoʻomaha a kakahiaka.

He mea paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo, akā ʻo nā kikoʻī o ka lele ʻana i nā manu manu i ka lewa i lilo i mea mākeke i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i ka mokulele mokulele. A pau ka mīkini hoʻokolohua a kau ʻia ma luna o kahi mīkini lele, ʻona maoli ia i nā ʻāpana i kahi kaʻawale mai ka wikiwiki nui a me ka haʻalulu ikaika. Ua kōkua nā mea ʻomaʻikaʻi no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mokulele, e wehewehe ana i ka poʻe hoʻolālā i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻēheu ʻalopona, he mau ʻala ʻē aʻe i mua. ʻO kēlā me kēia e hoʻomāwili i ka lūlū i ka wā o ka lele.

ʻOiai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema hou, ʻaʻole nō i hiki i nā mea hoʻokalakupua ke wehewehe i kahi ʻano pohihihi e like me ka lōʻihi o nā huakaʻi o nā ʻao manu i hiki ke hele i nā mau kaukani mau mile. Wahi a nā moʻolelo o nā lawaiʻa, ʻike pinepine lākou i kēia mau mea hihiu mamao loa mai ke kahakai. No kēlā huakaʻi pōʻino, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia nā dragonflies - hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki, e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā kahuhipa nui.

Ke neʻe nei lākou ma kahi ʻano mau ka lōʻihi, ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā a hiki i kekahi mau mika. Ma hea a hea lākou e lele ai, ʻaʻole maopopo. Hōʻailona ka mea hilahila ʻole i nā hōʻailona he nui: ʻo kekahi mau unuhi o nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maopopo ʻana o ka hālāwai me ka hipa a ka ʻalopona e lawe nui i ka pilikia, ʻoiai nā mea ʻē aʻe, e ʻike i kēia mea he hōʻailona maikaʻi. I ka huli ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo nā huakaʻi kaʻawale hope loa e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo e loaʻa nā noho hou.

ʻO Dragonfly kahi mea wikiwiki wikiwiki a dexterous, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e kona elongated elongated body, kahi ʻōpū kūwili huhū, kahi ʻāpana ākea, a pālahalaha ʻēheu. Me nā ʻōpihi nui, hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka lele, a i mea e ʻoliʻoli ai i ka nui, ua iho ʻo ia i ka lepo, ka noho i luna o ka mea kanu lāʻau a hopu i ka mea ʻupena me nā wāwae nimble. He mau mea ʻuʻuna kēia mau manu. Ke ʻike nei i ka wā o ka lele he popopo liʻiliʻi, ka manu lele i ka lewa i ka lewa a me ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ka papa, e hoʻouka i ka mea pio. ʻO kāna makemake ʻana i ka like like: aia i ka lā hiki iā ia ke ale i ka nui o nā lele he 40. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā lemi a me nā midges.

Nā ʻeleʻele i nā manu - nā manuahi "manuahi" mai nā kānāwai o ka gravity.

E ʻimi ʻia kahi wahi no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu manu ʻāhu ma nā wahi o loko o nā loko wai mālū me nā wai kahe a kaheʻe ʻole ʻana. ʻO nā kāne wale nō ke komo i kahi huli hohonu, koho i nā lāʻau kanu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāina mālamua. Mālama lākou i ka hua lahilahi mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai o nā hoʻokūkū he nui. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōleʻa o nā ʻano leʻalulu (kapa ʻia he mollusks) i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka wā e ʻoki ʻia, ma muli o nā ʻano, hoʻomaka ʻia mai i ʻekolu mau mahina a i ʻelima mau makahiki. Hoʻokaʻawale lākou iā lākou ma ke kahawai o nā wai wai he maʻalahi maʻalahi, ʻoiai he mau kala like lākou.

ʻO kēia mau manu kupaianaha kupaianaha ʻo Odonata

I ke koina Odonata, aia ma kahi o 6,500 mau mea i hui pū ʻia ma nā mea he 600 mau mea. Nā manu ʻiwipō i nā ʻōlapa nui, ai ʻole i nā lā nui i ke kō, nā aniani i ulana ʻia, ka mea i ʻike i loko o ka lewa no ka waiwai pio, ka mea ʻike lākou me ko lākou mau maka nui. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kokoke kokoke i nā wai wai wai, ʻoiai kekahi mau ʻano o nā ʻano manu manu i loaʻa i kahi pālahalaha, e mamao aku ana i nā pūnaewele ulu. ʻO nā wī manu hihiu kekahi mea hoʻonaʻauao i loaʻa i nā ʻano kai āpau.

Nā ʻflkaka kahiko

Noho ka nui manuahi i ka Cretaceous, me nā ʻēheu e pili ana i 0.7 m.

Nui ke poʻo o kahi ʻīlato nui, ʻoho ke kua oho. I ka ʻike ʻia ʻana mai kahi manu lele, noho ka maka nui i ka hapa nui o ke poʻo, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i waenakonu. ʻO ka maka he 28 tausani facets (ommatidia), kēlā me kēia e lawelawe ʻia ana e 6 mau photosensitive cell. No ka hoʻohālikelike: ʻoi aku ka helu o nā facets i ka maka o kahi lele he 4 tausani, ʻōpala - 17 tausani. Aia nā wahi i loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka maka he ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e hoʻoholo ana i ka hiki ke ʻike i nā mea like ʻole o nā mālamalama like ʻole a me nā kala like ʻole. Aia nā wahiʻeleʻele e poloka i nā wahi i kuleana no ka hihiʻo. ʻIke ʻia ke kiʻi ma kēlā ʻāpana o ka lolo i kū pololei ma lalo o ka maka o ka maka. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka "cilia" ma ka maka me nā antennas, kā lākou hana ke kiʻi i ke kumu o ke kukui, e noʻonoʻo i ka wā o ka lele. Aia nui ka hiki i ka antennaas ʻaʻole i pau i kona kumu hoʻomālamalama i ka wā o ka lele, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke kuhikuhi pololei i kāna neʻe (a e like me kāu e ʻike nei, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kahi ʻano manu kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua o nā pepeke).

ʻO kahi ʻōpū māhā pili ʻole i ka wā o ka lele e hana ana he mea kaulike.

Pūnaewele Pōkuhi Haumaha
ʻO nā manu helole ka holo pōkole lele. ʻO ka holo maʻamau ka holo ʻana o ka manu uila he 30 km / h. Akāʻo ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe o kā lākou neʻe ʻana i ka 57 km / h.

No ke aha i koi ai nā dragonflies i nā pihi i ko lākou ʻōpū?

ʻO nā males he "pāliki" ma luna loa o ka ʻōpū, me ko lākou ʻoi ʻia ka wahine ma ka ʻāʻī i ka wā moe. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā "mau inoa" o nā ʻōpio i nā kino wai. Kolo i nā hua manu i loko o ka wai a hoʻokomo i loko o nā ʻili o nā mea kanu aku e hoʻohana ana i ka ovipositor piʻi. Ua nāwaliwali nā wāwae o ka ʻānō, hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka ʻino i loko o ka maka o ka mauʻu a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka mea pio, akā ʻaʻole kūpono ia e hele. ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi ʻūpā he lōʻihi; i ka nui o nā ʻano lā, ua pōkole ke lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu a mālie hoʻi. Hiki ke helu ʻia nā kāne ʻelua i nā ʻāpana he 10. I nā kāne o ka huaʻōlelo Zygoptera, ʻo ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa o nā kāne (lalo o nā kāne) he 2-3 mau wahi haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka wehe ʻana o ka ovipositor he 9-10 mau wahi i nā wahine.

ʻO nā ʻēheu nui me ka hōʻaola nui i nā dragonflies nui e hohola mau i nā ʻaoʻao, i nā mea liʻiliʻi (nā pua, nā pūlapa) i ka hoʻomaha ka mea hiki iā lākou ke piʻi ma ke kino. I kekahi mau dragonflies, like nā ʻēheu i ke ʻano, kuʻi ʻia i ka waihona (suborder unahi), a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻē aʻe iʻoi aku ma mua o ka mua, akā ʻokoʻa ka pae. Ke kāʻei ʻia ka iʻa o nā manu manu i ka uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā melemone, nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, aia hoʻi nā pua nani metallic. He ʻēheu kekahi mau pihi a ʻeleʻele paha. I nā spimens malo, maloʻo ka kala a loli loa.

I ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, loaʻa i ka 2 mau ʻalopua ka dragonfly larva: hoʻokahi i ke poʻo a me ka lua ma ka kua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka dragonfly larva ʻelima mau maka, 18 mau pepeiao, he naʻau 8-lumi. Kākala kona koko.

Nā Hind gut: ka pūnao o ke neʻe a me ka hanu

ʻO ka iwi hope o ka ʻōpio larva, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i kāna hana nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea nui o kahi mea o ka neʻe. Hoʻopiha ka wai i ka hindgut, a laila hoʻomehana ʻia me ka ikaika, a hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka larva e ke ʻano o ke neʻe o ka hele ʻana o ka papa o 6-8 cm.

ʻO ka manu nui loa loa

Hōʻalo nā fossil i nā dragonflies i ka wā Jurassic, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ʻekolu, no laila ua helu ʻia lākou i nā kauoha a nā fossil: Protozygoptera, Archizygoptera, Protanisoptera a me Triadophlebiomorpha. Kahi pāʻina Protodonata hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, i kekahi manawa i waiho ʻia ma ke ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana Odonata, he nui nā manu manu nui, a he nui no hoʻi nā poʻe nui. ʻO ka nui ka nui o nā kahe nui o Meganeuropsis permiana, nona nā ʻēheu o 720 mm.

No ka nui o kēia mau ʻano, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o kēia mau manu nui, he mau ʻēheu kona mau mai ka 20 mm (Nannodiplax rubra spesies, Libellulidae ʻohana) a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 160 mm (nā holoholona Petaluridae, ʻohana Petaluridae): he mau manu lālani o nā huaʻāina Zygoptera me nā ʻēheu he 18 mm a keu aʻe. (species, Agriocnemis pygmaea, ʻohana Coenagrionidae) a 190 mm (species Megaloprepus caerulatus, family Pseudostigmatidae). ʻO ka mea nui o nā ʻānō i kēia manawa Megaloprepus caeruleata e noho ana ma Central Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, he lōʻihi kona kino o 120 mm a me nā ʻēheu o 191 - mm. ʻO kahi pōkō manuahi Australia huluhulu me nā ʻēheu o 110 - 115 mm (nā wahine a hiki i 125 cm). A ʻo ke ʻano o ka nui o nā mea inika i loko o nā ʻulā, ʻo nā ʻalopona, nā rockers, i ʻike ʻia ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā pepeke nui loa.

ʻO nā manu manu nui o ko mākou ʻāina ka mea i loaʻa i ka lima pōhaku (Aeschnidae). ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau Blue rocker (Aeschna juncea), ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 70 mm, a ma nā eheu a hiki i 95 mm. He ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka males, me ka nui o ke kala ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokipa ʻia nā wahine e nā leona ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā melemele. He mau manu nani kēia, hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā ʻumi mau a he mau haneli mau mile, e noho ana i loko o nā kaila hou. I kekahi manawa hiki ke mālama i ke kaʻina o ke hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi dragonfly mai kahi larva, kahi i koho ʻia ai kēia mea mai ka wai ma nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu. Hiki mau wāwahi nā ʻēheu o ka ʻōkuhi māmā, palaehae, uhi ʻia nā uhi. Akā hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka hatching, ua mākaukau nā dragonfly e lele.

ʻO ka ʻohana o nā mea hele (Corduliidae) ka mea i ka nui o nā manu manuahi, i ke kala i loaʻa mai ka pua nani metallic.

Nā puka liʻiliʻi: nā mea nani, tapeworms a me nā pua

Koi Aloha - Calopterygidae, Lyutki - Lestidae, Arrows - Coenagrionidae

Ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai kū, ka lyuta dryas (Lestes dryas) he mea maʻamau a like ka hiʻohiʻona like ka wahine aloha lyutka (L. sponsa), he ʻano wale nō i ke ʻano o nā moʻo male male. He māmā nā wahine. E like me nā manu manu, ko lākou mau kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi a lele ʻino. nā mea hoʻowahāwahā, nā mea nui e lawe ʻia ai i nā kaohele a me nā mea kaualoko. ʻAi nā Nymphs i nā lehelehe e lele ai ka wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā manu ʻehā mai 25 a 50 mm. Mālama lākou i ko lākou mau ʻēheu i ka mahalo i ka ʻōpū no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hohola iā lākou i kahi mokulele. Hiki iā lākou iho ke lilo i nā mea i ka nui manu manu, nā manu, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kanu insectivorous. ʻO ka ʻohana kamaliʻi o nā pua (Coenagrionidae) ka loko o nā dragonflies nani a 40 mm lōʻihi, e lūlū i nā ʻēheu e hoʻomaha me ka pterostigma pōkole ma ke kino. He kahu nāwaliwali ko lākou a mālama ʻia i nā mākeke o nā mea kanu. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, loaʻa kekahi pua ʻolua (Enallagma cyathigerum), nona nā poli polū ʻulaʻula ma ke kua o ke poʻo.

ʻO ka ʻao manu liʻiliʻi loa
. ^ E Ha yM. ʻo kēia ʻo Agriocnemis paia mai Myanmar (Burma). Hoʻokahi kope, mālama ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kānāwai ma Lākana, he mau ʻēheu o 17,6 mm me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 18 mm i ke ola.

Pūnaewele a me ka wai

Nā manu hihiu he mea e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lewa, e ʻike maka i nā mea pōmaikaʻi, i mea e hopu ai, e pono ai i nā dragonflies i nā hana mana o nā aerobatics. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine lākou i ka ʻai ma ka lele. He mau manu nui nā manu kani manu, a he mea paʻakikī loa ke hopu iā lākou. ʻO ka ʻai nui ʻana i nā pōpoki, nā lehelehe manuahi a me nā ʻano ʻai manu ʻē aʻe he waiwai nui lākou. Loaʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻalopona āpau i ka pae wai - ka nymph (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā pepeke me nā hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻēheu). ʻO nā Nymphs nā wānana nui loa, no ka mea ʻai lākou ʻaʻole i nā mea liʻiliʻi wale nō ma mua o ko lākou nui, akā hiki nō iā lākou ke lanakila a lilo pū me lākou iho. Hoʻi kaua aku lākou i nā kuʻuna iʻa aku nō naʻe; ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ke pale aku i kēia poʻe kuhi. ʻO nā hua manu a nā manu āpau he mau mea e hōʻole ʻia, ke hopu ʻana me kahi lehele haʻahaʻa i hoʻololi ʻia - he mask e hāwā koke koke mai a hoʻolei ʻia, aʻo nā ʻūhā ma kona kua mua e like me ka stilettos e kālū ʻia ana e ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia. Ke hoʻopili ʻia ka popo, ua huki ʻia ka mea pio ma ka waha a ʻoluʻolu mālie ʻo ia.

ʻAiʻi a me nā nymphs

Loaʻa nā ʻōmaʻi a me nā nymphs i nā ʻano wai wai pau ʻole. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou ma nā pū me nā wai, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i nā puddles a hiki hoʻi i nā kuʻuna o nā kumuleke i piha i ka wai. Hiki i nā ʻōhumu o nā mea ulu ke ola i nā kūlana o ka paʻakai, nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i kahi ola semi-aquatic, ke holo nei i ka honua i ka pō, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā kaʻe o nā māla a a ma nā lālā o nā lāʻau semi-lōkele. Nā alakaʻi nui ʻeono mau ʻano alakaʻi i ke ala ola pau loa.

Ma ka hana hoʻomohala ʻana, ua molts nā larva mai 10 a 20 mau manawa i ka makahiki o 3 mau mahina a hiki i ka 6-10 mau makahiki, e hilinaʻi nei i nā ʻano. Aia ka nui o nā loulou i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me ka loaʻa o ka hānai. I ka 6-7 molting, e hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻēheu e hoʻomōhala. Metaphorosis pololei, kāpae i ke ʻano o ka pupal, he manuahi makua ʻoi aku i ka wai a hele mau ʻia i kahi mamao loa mai kona wahi i hānau ʻia ai. I ka hala ʻole o ka hala ʻana i kekahi mau lā, hoʻomake nui ka ʻalopona a loaʻa ka kamaʻāina kino. ʻO kahi hōʻailona o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha ʻana i ke kala e hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ka ʻaupua. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka uila o ke aniani o ko lākou mau ʻēheu. Me ka wā o ka makahiki, lilo ka laulā o nā dragonflies i ʻoi loa, akā, ʻike ʻia nā wahi i waiho ʻole ʻia i nā wai wai.

Noho ka nui o nā pākeke i kahi lōʻihi. Ma nā wahi me ke anuanu, nā hibula o ka dragonflies, ke koho ʻana i nā wahi huna no ka hoʻoilo, i nā mokulā, ke kali nei nā dragonflies i ka manawa maloʻo a hele mai i ke ola me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua. Lawe kekahi mau manu i ka mokulele lōʻihi, me nā wahi transatlantic, akā noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano kokoke i nā wahi mālama

I ke kaʻina hana o ka paepae, hana ka lua i ka maʻalea paʻakikī. ʻO ke kāne kāne i kuʻi aku i ka wahine e ke poʻo (genus Anisoptera) a i ka protorax (genus Zygoptera) paha. Kūkulu pū lāua ka kāne (kāne i mua, wahine ma hope), pinepine lākou i ka hoʻomaha ma ka lāʻau ma kahi like. Hoʻopili ka wahine i ka ʻōpū, i hana i ka huila, a pili i ka lua o ka kāne ma ka ʻāpana he mau kāne o ka male, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai ka sperm iā lākou mai ka wehe ʻana o ka ira ʻōpiopio mai ka māhele 9. I nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ka moe ʻana ka lōʻihi mai nā kekona he mau hola. Ua waiho pū ʻia kekahi mau manu o ka ʻōpū manu i kā lākou mau hua manu, no ka manawa kēia manawa ʻaʻole pono nā kāne a ka wahine. No nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kāne ke kau ʻana i luna o ka wahine ke waiho ʻo ia i kāna mau hua. I ke kolu o ka lā, e ʻae nā kāne i ka wahine ʻo Amoy e hoʻoponopono i kēia hana: e hoʻi ana lākou i kā lākou pūnaewele a i ʻole e noho ai ma kahi ulu lāʻau.

Hoʻopili ʻia i nā holoholona

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana i nā manu manu (Odonata) ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā hipa, ʻo ka nui o nā mea i kekahi mau hihia ke manaʻo ʻia he nui. No laila, ʻākoakoa nā kāne i nā hipa a me nā ʻīlohilohi e noho ai, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma nā lāʻau kokoke a i ʻole lele a lele i lalo a ʻimi i nā wahine. He ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻāina a lākou e hōʻuluʻulu ai. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo aia ma nā nui he nui e noho lōʻihi nā wahine i ka wai, ke hele kokoke mai i loko o ka wai a i loko paha no ka moe wale a i ʻole e kau i ka hua manu. I kekahi mau hihia, paʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i kā lākou lele a lele i hoʻokahi lele. No ka laʻana, ma Iune 13, 1817, lele nā ​​manu hau i luna o Dresden no ʻelua mau hola. Iulai 26, 1883 hipa Lāhaka manuahi ʻole nā ​​poʻomanaʻo (Libellula quadrimaculata) ua lele aku ma luna o ke kūlanakauhale holokai o Malmo mai 7 mau hola 30 mau minuke. Ke kakahiaka a hiki i ka 8 o. Nā ahiahi. I 1900, ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻohana o nā ʻao manu i Pelekane, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 170 m a me ka laulā 100 km.

Lele e huna

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā kāmike me ka kamaʻilio, akā Nā manu ʻolua (Hemianax pressensis), nā mea hoʻokūkū ma luna o nā ʻāina, i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻohana i ka neʻe e hūnā mai kekahi i kekahi. Ka mea i huli nā manu i ka lele me ka hoʻoku ʻoi loa i ko lākou pale i ka pale o ka maka o ka ʻenemi, a me ka pau ʻole o ke kahe optical e ʻike nei ka ʻōpio i kahi ʻano hoʻomākeʻeha e kū i kahi hoʻoweliweli. Pehea ua kūleʻa ai nā dragonflies i kēia mau mea a pau.

Kōkole lele holo manu - hiki i 96 km / h, bumblebee - 18 km / h.

I kekahi mau'āina (ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo Iapana) kahi kiʻi maikaʻi o nā manu ʻolua me nā pōpō me nā manu. Ma ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku ka makemake i nā dragonflies. Hōʻike ʻia lākou he "lio goggle" a "ʻano stēdē."

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke paʻa a ʻāʻī paha ka manu. ʻO nā ʻano āpau a pau no ka dragonflies. Eia kekahi, he mau pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi lākou, ʻoiai e luku ana lākou i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā manu he nui i kahi kokoke i ke kaiāulu e hōʻike nei i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ke kaiāulu a me ke alo o nā ʻona he nui i laila.

ʻĀpana popo

He hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa nā Dragonflies. He ʻōpū a elongated ka ʻōpū, i hoʻopuni ʻia ma ke ʻano, i loaʻa nā ʻāpana he 11. Hoʻohui pili ʻia ke poʻo i ka umauma, kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke huli i kona poʻo i 180 deg. Kahi ʻia ka hapa nui o kona poʻo e nā maka, nona ka mau maka liʻiliʻi 30,000. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēlā me kēia mau maka ke hana kūʻokoʻa, kūʻokoʻa ʻole i nā mea'ē aʻe. Eia kekahi ma mua o kēia mau maka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka he 3 maʻalahi. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou i kahi kūhai liʻiliʻi e ʻae i ka inikini e ʻike i nā mea e kū ana ma hope a ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka nui o nā dragonflies e loli nui e pili ana i nā ʻano. ʻO ka ʻupekewaka liʻiliʻi loa e pili ana iā 15 mm lōʻihi, a ʻo ka mea nui ka ʻāpana he 10 cm lōʻihi.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻalopona he kamaʻāina kūpono loa, e paʻa ana ka waha o ka ʻalika me nā ʻōpala me nā puʻupuʻu. Hiki i nā kala o ke ʻala he ʻokoʻa - ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka melemele, ka polū a me ka ʻulaʻula hoʻi. Hiki ke kikowaena ke kala. He ʻelua ʻehā mau ʻēheu ko ka manu lele; hiki i 18cm ko lākou mau eheu kiʻekiʻe.

He aha nā holoholona hihiu e ʻai ai?

Kamaka - he pepeke makehewa. ʻO ka ʻai maʻamau lākou i ka ʻai o ka lele. ʻAi lākou i nā mea ʻino, e like me nā mea e mai ai ka maku, nā puʻu, nā lele. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano nui o nā ʻōpū manuahi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. E hoʻopaʻa ana ka ʻōpū i nā keiki liʻiliʻi me kāna mau ʻuʻuku, a ʻoi aku nā mea nui me nā wāwae ona. Puhi nui nā manu manu a ma ka lā a lākou e ʻai ai, ʻo ia kekahi o ke kaupaona ʻana o ka ʻalopona ponoʻī iho.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pepeke

No nā mea holo i kēia wā nā pepeke makehewa . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻepekema iā lākou i ʻekolu ʻāpana:

1. Diptera - loaʻa i nā ʻēheu ākea loa.
2. ʻO ka hoʻonaninani - nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻēheu mua i ka laulā.
3. Hoʻokahi papa hana i kapa ʻia ʻo Anisozygoptera, aia wale nō i ʻelua mau ʻano noho i India a me Iapana.

He kino lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā manu Naga, kahi ʻāpana ākea a ʻelua mau pūpū o nā ʻēheu polū me nā veins i ke ʻano o ka mesh. Ma nā ulu nui, e pālahalaha ʻia nā eheu i nā ʻaoʻao, i nā mea liʻiliʻi e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili pū.

Ma ke poʻo nui, ākea nui, ʻike ʻia nā maka he nui, nona ka maka o kēlā me kēia maka. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano maka ʻana i ka ʻao i ka ʻike maikaʻi loa. Hāʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia mai kekahi mai nā ʻāpana puaʻa kūikawā a hana kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka nui o nā maka liʻiliʻi ke piʻi aku i 30 tausani.

ʻO nā maka i loaʻa ma luna o ka maka nui o ka maka maka e hoʻouna i ke kiʻi ma ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo, a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ke kala. Pili loa kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ʻano o ka heʻe hihiu nui.

Ke ʻimi nei i ka mea i pio o ka pōlolo, lawa kahi kiʻi ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula; Akā i ka hiki ke hopu i ka mea i make, pono ke kū i luna ka ʻalopona ma luna. A laila ma ke ʻano kala i lawe ʻia e ka maka haʻahaʻa o ke koʻikoʻi. Me kā lākou kōkua, e hoʻokaʻawale ka mea huluhulu i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana i kahi māla o ka mauʻu a me nā pua.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenekona wahaheʻe e hana ai iā ia e hopu i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi me nā ʻalā mauʻu i kūpono ma ka lele.

A ʻo ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa, aia kahi ʻāpana pūpū, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka wā e ʻai ʻia.

ʻO nā wāwae kuahiwi e kuhikuhi ana i mua. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā wāwae i mua o ke kua, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi e hopu a hoʻopaʻa i ka mea pio.

Hana ke kino wīwī i ka hana o ke kau ʻana. ʻO nā males he mau pōkoki kīwī i ka piko o ka ʻōpū e kōkua ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wahine ma ka ʻāʻī i ka wā moe.

Ke kāʻei ʻia ka iʻa ʻulaʻula, uliuli, melemele, brown. Kaulana ʻia nā maka. He ʻoi aku ka wahine o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne.

ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana

Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā dragonflies i ka lewa. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua i loko o nā puʻu pāpaku nui i ka nui o ka wai aʻa a hoʻāʻo paha e waiho ia mau mea ma nā wahi o nā mea kanu make. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i nā ʻano like ʻole: hiki ke lele aku i kahi mea ʻupepine iā lākou i loko o ka wai. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻoili wale ka wahine i loko o ka ʻōpū ma loko o ka wai, a i kekahi manawa a ʻuʻuku paʻa loa. I kēia manawa ke kino Palekana ʻia nā ʻōpū o ka ea.

Nā hua manu a nā manu, e pili ana i nā ʻano, he ʻolua a lōʻihi paha, nui a liʻiliʻi paha. ʻO ka nui o nā hua manu ma kahi pākiki e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka 250 a 500 mau ʻāpana a pili pū me ka maikaʻi o ke ola ʻana o ka mahele.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka embryonic no nā ʻano āpau o nā dragonflies a mai nā lā 20 a hiki i ka 9 mahina. I ka hopena o kēia manawa, puka mai ka larva mai ka hua manu - pronimfa. He pōkole kona ola ʻana, he mau sekona wale nō. A laila e like me ka molt mua, ma muli o kahi hopena i ʻike ʻia kahi larva maoli - mollusk. ʻO 1.5 ka nui wale nō ka nui.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Larva mai kekahi mau lā a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻaupua a me nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. I loko o kahi wai, ʻike maʻalahi ia i kona mau maka nui, e like me ko ka dragonfly makua, a me kona lehelehe nui, e mālama ʻia ana he organ larva e hopu ana.

ʻO Naila, e like me ka pākeke, he mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i nā hua ʻōkuhi a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i lilo i mea pio no lākou. Aʻoi loa ka larva: ʻaʻole hiki i ka lōʻihi o 5 cm ka mea e ʻai ai i ʻelua mea ponoʻī.

Me ka nele o ka meaʻai i loko o ka wai, hoʻomaka nā mollusks i kēlā me kēia.

Lilo ka larva i kahi mele ma luna o ka ʻāina, kahi e waiho ana kona kino. A laila hele mai ka molt hope a laila puka mai kahi ʻōpio ʻano pōkole.

ʻO nā manuʻalepona nā mea maʻamau i nā manu o ka fauna noho leo. He wahi hao nui kēia o nā pepeke amphibiont, nona nā pākeke e noho ma ka ʻāina, a me nā ʻōpala i loko o ke kaomi wai. Mahalo i kahi ola wehe, maopopo lākou i ke kāne. Hoʻolā ʻokoʻa ka manuʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Ulu kāna hua i loko o ka wai kūmau me nā mea kanu he nui. ʻOiai ʻoiai ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o ka maikaʻi, he pōmaikaʻi nui ka pōpoki, luku i nā namu, lele a me nā mea kanu make.

Nā hui ʻeleʻele

Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema a ua hōʻike ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ma mua o 6 tausani mau ʻano manu. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻelua mau pūʻulu nui:

1. Nā ʻōpio manuahiwi - ʻo ka suborder ka mea me 3 tausani mau ʻano, ma waena o nā ʻōpua maʻamau. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka hoʻokau i ka wā o ke koena o ka ʻēheu e pili ana i ka koi o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pihi mua ma mua o ka hope. Kēia pū kekahi hui i ka mea wikiwiki wikiwiki loa, kahi record wikiwiki a hiki i 100 km / h. Noho ka Nymphs i ka wai mau.
2. Hōʻoluʻolu - he hui kulu pepeke me ka nui o ka mua a me ka eheu i mua. He ʻoluʻolu a kūlohelohe kā lākou lele ʻana. Ma ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻōkuhi ka ʻēheu ma luna o ka ʻōpū. Noho nā ʻōpio i nā wai pohō a me ka kahe ʻana o ka wai.

Aia ʻo Dragonfly i ka ʻohana o nā dragonflies maoli. He liʻiliʻi nā mea ʻelele (3-5 cm). ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi a pau kahi koe ʻo Antarctica.

Ka pae kino a me ke kala

ʻO nā ʻaoʻane mai nā ʻano Sympetrum a i ʻole squash he mau mea kuʻuna o nā manu no Russia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino he 38-40 mm, kahi a 28 mm e hina ana ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke poʻo he nui, wehewehe maopopo, kelepona. I nā pākeke, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka umauma a pili ʻole i ka pili i ka prothorax. Nui nā maka, paʻakikī, hui pū ʻia o 20-30 tausani kahaha. ʻO ke luna o luna o ke aniani ke kuleana no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka lula o nā mea, a ʻo ka mea haʻahaʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana. Hāʻawi ʻia nā antennas ma ke ʻano o nā pōkole ʻoi pōkole. Aia ʻia nā maka he ʻekolu e kau i ka lei o ke poʻo. Holo ke kaula ʻōuli ʻehā ma ke poʻo o ka brown, ma waena o ka lei o ke poʻo a me ka lae. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka waha waha, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mandibles ikaika me nā niho koʻikoʻi.

Aia nā wāwae a me nā ʻāpana ʻelua i nā ʻēheu ma ka umauma o ka iniseti. ʻO ka hope o ka prothorax kahi kūmole kūpaʻa. Ke kau nei ʻo ia i ka palu o nā lauoho lōʻihi. Holo nā kaʻa ʻeleʻele ma ka sutures pectoral. Hōʻalo ke kua o ke kua o ka manu ma ka hope o ka manamana. I nā kāne ʻōpio o kahi ʻōpū maʻamau, ua ʻulaʻula ʻia ka umauma me ʻekolu mau kīwaha ʻeleʻele, a he melemele ke kala o nā wahine, ʻolu pū kekahi.

Nā Wāwā

Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā manu manu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o nā ʻēheu. I nā ehe heterogeneous, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kua i mua o nā ʻāpana o ke kua. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻēheu e nā ʻāpana chitinous ʻelua a hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā veins. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kā lākou lōʻihi e like me ka nui o ke kino. Hoʻokani ʻia nā ʻēheu Hind i ke kumu. ʻO nā ʻēheu o ka Sympetrumvulgatum he 60 mm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēhe hind he 24-29 mm, a ʻo ka ʻēhe maka he 33-37 mm. Laiki loa ka pā ʻana, aia ka hemolymph i nā pākuʻi nui, a ʻo kahi mea ʻuʻuku hoʻi, ʻaʻohe pelu. ʻO kekahi o nā pūnaewele koʻikoʻi ʻo pterostigma, ākea i mua o nā ʻēheu. ʻO waho, he ʻano pōuliuli hoʻi, i ka wā o ka lele, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻēheu i ke kaumaha, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka nui.

ʻIkepili. ʻO ka ʻānō i nā lehelehe he meli-melemele i ke kumu o nā ʻēheu.

Kālā

Ke pālahalaha nei nā Dragonflies i nā konitiniki āpau koe wale ʻo Antarctica. Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano kuʻu ʻānō i nā ʻāpana subtropical a me nā kahalaha. Hiki i nā ʻano manu manuahi nui ke nānā ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema.

Hiki i nā Dragonflies ke noho i kahi wai loko, nā wahi ʻono a makemake ʻia a he nui nā meaʻai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou i kahi nahele, i ka ululāʻau, i ke ala lāʻau a i nā kuahiwi.

Nā Limbs

ʻEleʻele nā ​​wāwae o kahi ʻōlio maʻamau, me ke kaula melemele e hele ana mai waho. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻekolu mau pā lōlū e paʻa i ke kino o kahi pepeke a hopu. ʻAʻole hoʻohana lākou no ka hele a holo ʻana. Hana ʻia nā wāwae i ka 5 mau mea nui:

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka wāwae hema a me ka ʻūhā mau mau lālani o spiny setae. ʻO ka pākeke ka laulā ākea a me ka pōkole o ka umauma. ʻElua mau puʻupuʻu ʻelua e paʻi ai ma ka wāwae. Loaʻa i nā wāwae lōʻihi a me nā kiʻina i puka kahi “hinai puaʻa” no ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻai ma ka lewa.

Kuhihewa

ʻŌpūpī ka pāhonu o ka ʻōpū o kahi manu ʻōpio maʻamau. ʻO ka 10 ka piha a me kahi māhele rudimentary hoʻokahi. Kuhi ʻia kēlā me kēia māhele e ka pale a me ka haʻalulu chitinous kiʻekiʻe. Mahalo i nā hui hoʻohui, hiki ke hoʻopuʻi i nā mea kuʻekuʻe i ka ʻōpū. ʻOkoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o nā kāne a nā wahine. Loaʻa i nā kāne i ka māhele hope loa e hoʻopaʻa i ka male i ka wā moe. Aia kā lākou kikowaena copulative kino i ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o ka māhele ʻelua. Wehe ʻia ka wahine ma waena o ka walu a me ka ʻeiwa. Loaʻa i ka wahine kekahi ovipositor. I nā kāne, ʻulaʻula ʻia ka ʻōpū me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, i nā wahine pili i ka pālaula.

ʻAiʻi

Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻōlima a nā popopona me nā mollusks. I ka hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻolālā, ʻano like lākou me nā pākeke. Loaʻa i nā dragonfly nymphs kahi kino kino 17-19 mm lōʻihi. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā hanu ma o nā kino kū i loko - nā mea kūwili i kūpono. Hoʻākoakoa ʻo Larvae i ka wai i loko o ka ʻāpana, kahi e hele ai ka loli o ke kino. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua uhi ʻia nā Nymphs i kahi ʻano kala.

ʻIke maoli nō. E hana i kahi kui kuʻekuʻe ma hope o ka iʻa a hūnā paha i ka ʻenemi, ke hoʻolei nei ka palaki i kahi kahawai wai mai ka anus.

Progeny

He pepeke nā manu manuahi me ka loli piha ʻole. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko lākou ola ola i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:

Hoʻokomo ʻo kahi wahine ʻōpua manu i nā hua i nā kapakai kai, lepo lepo a i ka wai paha. Ma o ka hoʻoilo, puka mai nā palaka mai ka masonry, he mea kupanaha no ko lākou helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona biology. Ka hana koʻikoʻi lākou i waena o ka poʻe noho o ka kō. Noho nā Nymphs i ka wai piʻi a nawaliwali paha i ka wai. ʻOi aku lākou makemake i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi ʻano pilikino huna, e hūnā ana i waena o nā mea kanu aku a kanu ʻana iā lākou iho i ka ulaula. ʻO ka wailele pōkole a me ka laulā nā dragonfly larva. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pāpale ka mea hoʻohālikelike.

Mālama wale nā ​​mea pīpī liʻiliʻi i ka waiwai pio. Hoʻolimalima lākou i ka manawa ma kahi e hoʻohālua ai, ke kali nei no ka pili ʻana o nā pepeke o nā pepeke a daphnia paha ke hoʻokokoke aku. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka meaʻai i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpio mau ʻōpiopio. No ka lā hoʻokahi lākou e ʻai ai i nā invertebrates, ka nui o kēlā me ko lākou mau ipo. Ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka mahina, pono ka ʻohana i nā 7 a 11 mau pilina. Ke kūpaʻa nei ko lākou helu i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni a me nā lako kai. Hoʻomau ka loiloi hope ma ka ʻāina. No kēia, koho ʻia nā nymph i kahi māla paʻa - he pōhaku, snag a i ʻole ka māka. ʻO ka ʻili larva a hoʻomālamalama. Mai ia, ua koho ʻia ka ʻānō i hana ʻia. Pono ka imago i ka manawa e hoʻolaha a hoʻopaʻi i ka ʻēheu. Loaʻa ka hōʻike hope loa o ka holoholona he mau lā.

Mea waiwai no ke kanaka

ʻEā pinepine nā kaua o ka manu a me nā kānaka. Lawe mai nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Odonata i nā pōmaikaʻi nui. Ke kāohi nei lākou i ka nui o nā nāheheʻe koko - nā mahele, nā gadflies, nā kiki. Hoʻopau nā pākeke i nā pōpō ma luna o ka ʻāina, a me nā nymphs i ka wai. Ke palekana nei nā Dragonflies i nā kānaka. Loaʻa iā lākou nā aʻa, mai ʻae i ka maʻi. He nui nā ʻano lahilahi i nā ʻano wai. Ua make lākou ma ka maʻemaʻe o nā kino wai.

Hoʻoweliweli pinepine ka hana kanaka i ka nui o nā ʻano o nā manu manu. Ke palekana nei nā ʻelele o Sympetrumvulgatum. Ke hele nei i ke kōkuhi, me ke ahonui a me ka makaʻala loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kali no ka pili pono ʻana me ka ʻao. Noho ka le ʻūlū ma luna.

Ma kēiaʻatikala, hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mea ola i ka ʻōpala. Kūkulu, hoʻolaʻa, hoʻouluulu, nā pono a me nā hōʻino - ʻo kēia mau nīnau nui a mākou, e ʻike ai ʻoe i ka pane ma ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia moʻolelo pōkole.

E hoʻomaka, hoʻomaka mākou i kahi mālama: he ʻeono mau wāwae a hui ʻia nā manu ʻalopona. He manuahi manu kēia no ka huaʻāina o nā pepeke ʻēheʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea nui i loaʻa i kā lākou mau pūʻulu - nā manu manu.

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia inoa inoa manuahi? I Lūkini, he hui pū me nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua i ʻole: egoza a chirping. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua e unuhi ʻia he fidget, a ʻo ka lua ke lele. Hoʻākāka piha kēia inoa i ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana o kēia mau mea wikiwiki i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻāhā. ʻO ke kūkulu ka nīnau nīnau mua a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai i kēia manawa.

ʻĀnō ke ola

Ua nānā mākou i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hana o nā manu manu, akā he mea nui e wehewehe e hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i ʻumi makahiki. ʻO kēia nā kenekulia maoli i ka honua pepeke. E kamaʻilio pololei mākou e pili ana i kēia.

I ka huina, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 6.5 tausani mau ʻano o kēia mau ʻokoʻa, ʻoluʻolu a nani hoʻi i ko mākou honua. Ma Lūkia, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kekahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka nui, i ka makahiki 150. No laila, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā lālani o nā manu manu i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā ʻano heʻeono, ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau mahina, a ʻo ka poʻe aloha lōʻihi loa hiki ke lōʻihi paha ma kahi o ʻumi makahiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hōkōlani holo i ka holo ʻana o nā pepeke i loko o kēia manawa, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pili o ka larva i kekahi mau ʻano ua lilo i hoʻokahi makahiki.

ʻO ka ʻano kumu waho o kahi ʻīlio holo pololei e pili ana i nā ʻano. ʻEkolu wale nō mau palena o kēia mau iniseti:

Pehea lākou e ʻokoʻa? ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua i ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ua ʻikiʻī a ua like like lāua. Inā hoʻomaha ka ʻānō, a laila e hāpai ʻia nā ʻēheu mua a me hope. I ka lua, ua ʻano like nā ʻēheu i ka hoʻomaha, ua hoʻomaha ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo wale nō ka mea ʻekolu o ka suborder, he maʻi maʻamau kēia mau pepelu ma Iapana a me India. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hopena hope, ʻo ia hoʻi e hoʻohui pū i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka suborder mua a me ka lua.

ʻO nā mākaʻi maʻamau o nā ʻōpio:

• Ka nani
• ʻAkahi.
• Kāhea-dry-lomi.
• Megaloprepus caerulatus.

He mea nui ia e ʻike ai ʻo ka hope o kēia mau manu nui nui loa o ka honua. Pono ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino e ʻumi kenimita, a he ʻumikumamāiwa nā ʻēheu.

Nā mālamalama mālamalama o ka suborder o nā ʻano like ʻole:

• Emepera kiai.
• Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā cordulegaster.
• ʻO ka mea paʻa ke poʻo.
• ʻO ke kupuna ke kanaka maʻamau.
• Koʻolauwi

Hoʻaiho

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā waho o nā dragonflies a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana ma muli o ka noho ʻana. Makemake kēia mau mea kanu e noho a mālama i kā lākou mau hana ma kahi o ka wai. Pehea e ho'ākāka ai kahi hoihoi i ka element wai? He maʻalahi loa nā mea āpau: nā pipi i ka hua manu i ka wai.

Ua koho lākou i nā wahi kokoke i nā kahawai mauna, nā loko, nā loko, nā muliwai a me nā waʻa. Aia kekahi hewahewa o nā dragonflies e makemake i nā ʻōpū. Nā manu ʻehā i ka nui manuahi: nānā pinepine lākou i lalo o ka lā i nā mālamalama a me nā hehi. Eia naʻe, kahi mamao loa mai ka wai ʻaʻole lākou e lele a lele. Ma nā lā ua a me nā ua, ʻaʻole lele ka lele i nā manu; ʻo lākou ke makemake e noho i loko o kahi "malu."

Hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole

Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi e ʻai nā manu ʻalāʻau i nā mea hoʻonāukiuki a me nā mea make (pōpū, lele a me nā mea'ē aʻe), kā lākou huiki e pau ai i nā koiki. Eia naʻe, hoʻopalehu nā dragonflies i kahi maʻi pōpilikia o nā manu - protogonymosis. Hiki i nā ʻai o kekahi mau ʻelele ke ʻai i nā mea iʻa i ka lawaiʻa.

60.ʻFlylelo Pōmaʻomaʻi (Odonata): Ka Hoʻākāka Nui

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻlelo manu (ODONATA) ʻokoʻa a hoihoi ʻole no ka ʻepekema wale nō, akā no kekahi kanaka. ʻO ka detactment ODONATA (nā manu manu) he, i ka honua honua, e like me nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, mai 3600 (7) a i 4500 (10) mau mea, me 80 mau ʻano o nā mākaʻikaʻi o kēia detachment e noho ana ma waena o ʻEulopa wale nō. ia ka mua loa nā mea inikini i noho mau ka wā o ka uluʻana. ʻO nā koena kahiko o nā ʻaoopolo i pili i ka wā Carboniferous, a he nui wale nō lākou, e pili pū ana i ka wā Jurassic, he ʻano wale nō i kekahi mau ʻano hou.

He nui a i ʻole ka nui o nā manu manu (a hiki i 13 cm ka lōʻihi) nā mea iniketi predatory, hōʻike ʻia e ka metamorphosis aniani (5). I loko o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, hele ka ʻohana i nā ʻanuʻu ʻekolu - ka hua, ka larva (nymph) a me ka imago. ʻO kahi ʻano piha o ka loli ka mea maʻamau. He imago me kahi ʻūlū a i ʻole ke kino, me nā pālua ʻelua o nā ʻēheu e like me ka mesh venation. Aia nā maka nui (paʻakikī) nā maka ma ke poʻo; ʻekolu mau maka maʻalahi (2). ʻO ka Antennae (antennas) he pōkole, ʻano like ʻole me nā ʻāpana, kahi 4-7 mau ʻaoʻao. I nā kiʻi mua o nā ʻēheu aia he peephole - pterostigma. Hiki i ka palaka a waiho ʻia paha nā ʻēheu. Ke holo nei nā wāwae, hoʻolele ʻia nā wāwae mua e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea hopu ʻia i loko o ka antennae, nā ʻaoʻao o ke kani ma ke kumu o nā ʻēheu.

ʻAno ʻōlima mollusk (loaʻa i nā maʻi tracheal) ola mai hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻekolu mau makahiki . ^ E Ha yM. Kūpili ʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hoʻomohala a hiki i ka 25 mau manawa. Loaʻa nā larvae i nā ʻōpū o ka waha me ka lehelehe paʻa a me nā lehelehe lalo. Hoʻololi i ka mana puʻuwai ikaika e paʻa i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ikaika nā wāwae, nā ʻelele o ka suby Zygoptara i ʻekolu mauʻu ʻili kime. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻano hua, ma muli o nā ʻano, pili ka 0.5 mm a 2 mm. Pōloi nā ʻōpū o nā manu ʻōpio i nā pepeke i hopu ʻia ma ka lele. ʻO nā Dragonflies kekahi mau mea hoʻoiho ikaika. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kanaka kona ʻāina, kahi e hānai ai ia, ka mea mālama mai kona mau hoahānau a, inā pono, e hakakā ʻo ia no ia. Wahi a kā lākou ʻano, hiki ke kāhea iā lākou ʻula . Aiʻa nā manu ʻalipona i nā namu, nā puʻu puaʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui o nā ʻanā, a aneane nā mea ʻino a pau i hiki iā lākou ke hopu a lanakila. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Nymphs i kahi ola a me ka nui o nā wai: nā loko, nā loko a me nā ʻōpio wai kahiko, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau, akā hele lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o nā koena o ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu. He mea nāwaliwali nā Nymphs: hopu lākou i nā mea ʻai me nā ʻalopala, hopu, loaʻa iā lākou me ko lākou lehelehe retractable (pena) hoʻopili ʻia me nā tweezers. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai o nā namu a me nā mea lele.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua ʻai i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka wai. Kūkulu ʻia kekahi mau mea ʻai i ka lāʻau kanu a i ʻole ka lāʻau ʻōpala, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala i kekahi mau mea kūpono ma lalo o ka wai o ka wai, e waiho ʻia kekahi i nā paila a i ʻole nā ​​mea i loko o ka wai, a i kekahi manawa ua kau ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala a kokoke i ka lihi o ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine o nā ʻano he nui i ka wai a holoi i nā hua mai ka palena o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopili kekahi poʻe ma lalo o ka wai, e kau ana i ka hua. I ka wā o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, hoʻopuʻi kekahi mau wahine i kā lākou mau ʻēheu i kālai ʻia. Hiki i ka wahine ke noho mai i 200 a 1600 mau huaʻa no kona ola.A kekahi mau ʻano a he ʻumi mau kaukani. Hiki i nā Dragonflies ke hana i ka lele. Hoʻokumu nā Nymphs i nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻano nui, ʻelua a ʻehā makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma ka laina nymph. I ka hiki ʻana i ka nui, kahe ana o ka nymph mai ka wai a piʻi ma luna o ke kumu lāʻau a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e piʻi mai ana i ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka manawa hope loa. o ka la. Hiki i ka wahine a me nā kāne ke hoʻohanohano ʻia me ka ikaika o ke kala: he ʻulaʻula ʻia nā kāne, ʻokoʻa nā wahine i ke poʻo.Loaʻa mau hiʻohiʻona ʻO Kapalaka ke ala o ka moena. Ma loko o kēia ka hanohano no ka kāne: ʻaʻole like me nā pepeke kāne ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā ʻao ʻehā o ka manu kāne he mau ʻōpū lua, aia i ka lua o ka ʻōpū, ka mea lawe like-vesicle. Aia ka ʻōpiopio i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū 9. Kēia mau ʻōiwi, pono ke kāne i kēlā me kēia ma mua o ka moe ʻana; ʻo ke kāne ke piʻo i ka hope o ka ʻōpū a hoʻouka i ka sperm i loko o ka receptor vesicular. I ka wā moe, ʻo ke kāne, ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau gonopod i kāna huelo, pili a puni ka ʻāʻī o ka wahine, ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o ka wahine i kona ʻōpū i mua o ka paahi lua o ke kāne a ma kēia hana ke hana nei ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka sperm. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kahi kaʻina hana maʻamau i kekahi ʻoi manuahi.

ʻĀina nā ʻelele o kēia kauoha inati, ma ke ʻano, i hoʻoholo ʻia e kā lākou predatory ʻano o ke ʻano ka nani o nā ʻano ʻōiwi, a me ka hūnū me ka mahele o ke kaʻina holomua: e mālama ka ʻīpio i nā palupalu i nā mea ʻonaʻehā ʻaʻole wale ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole o ka honua holoholona, ​​akā nō hoʻi me ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou pili ma nā ʻano waena o nā maʻi like ʻole (a hiki i ka 160 mau ʻano), me ka maʻi like ʻole I loko o kāna ʻano neʻe, a me nā ʻano he nui a ma kona ʻano kala, nui ka hana i nā dragonflies i loko o kahi ʻike aesthetic o ka honua i ke kanaka. ʻEkolu mau pūpū ʻōpiopio nona nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a nā ʻalopona (ODONATA), ʻokoʻa ka mea like i ko lākou helehelena a ma ke ʻano, akā naʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā hōʻailona diagnostic e ʻokoʻa ana ka liʻiliʻi mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻO nā ʻano o kēia mau lā o kekahi o nā kūloko, ʻo Anisozygoptera, he ʻāʻuku loa a he mau mea maʻamau wale nō ma Asia Hema. I nā ʻekala ʻauhau hou, loaʻa i nā papa he ʻelua mau ʻāpana - Zygoptera - Diptera (Anisoptera).

Kelolihi ZYGOPTERA - ke lulu a me ka leʻaleʻa i nā inikini me ka lele e lele ana, ma kahi kū like i ka neʻe wikiwiki a ʻae ʻana o nā ʻano manu like ʻole. He ʻokoʻa na ka pākeke o nā ʻalopona i nā umauma ākea loa: ʻo ka waena waena me ka umauma posterior e like me ka hana kuʻi ʻala ʻia e kū ana ma kahi kihi o 70-80 mau degere me ka mahalo i nā koina lōʻihi o ke kino. Nā wāwae wale nō paipai i ke kua a pololei i ke kihi ʻākau ma nā kihi o ka waena a me ka hind thorax Ma muli o ka like ʻole i ka hope, i nā pihi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kēia ala e kū like pū me kahi a ua kū pololei ma luna o ka ʻōpū. Kahi ʻeleʻele ka hapa nui o ka pākeke, akā he mau ʻalaula a i ʻole ʻeleʻele paha i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, a i ʻole he metala, a he keleawe keleawe a me nā ʻēheu. Loaʻa iā Nymphs kino slim a ʻekolu o nā hāmeʻa tracheal nui ʻehā lākou e makemake ai e noho i waena o nā huaʻala o nā mea kanu aku, ʻaʻole pololei ma ka pūnāwai wai. Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻekolu ʻekolu mau ʻohana - Calopterygidae, Agrionidae, Lestidae. Nā ʻōpala o ke ʻano ʻōpiopio ʻo Calopteridae - nani loa - Brilliant beauty (Calopteryx splendens), Mālama - kaikamahine (Calopteryx virgo). ʻO nā poʻe ʻelemaka o kēia suborder nā ʻikepili aʻe: Arrow-girl (Agrion puella), Lyutka maloʻo (Lestes dryas).

Kelolihi Anisoptera ua hui pū me nā mea inikua me ikaika kino kino a hōʻike ʻia e kahi pana holo ikaika, lokomaikaʻi a paʻa hoʻi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka pahu ma kahi o nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻoni ʻalepona ʻehā a hoʻomau nā ʻēheu i nā ʻaoʻao. He nui nā ʻano he heʻe aniani nā kiʻi a loaʻa kahi kiʻi manawaleʻa ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻēheu - ʻae ʻia a nānā ʻole ʻia. I nā ʻōpiopio kahiko, hoʻomohala pinepine ka lole aniani popo i ka kino a me nā ʻēheu, ka mea e uhi ai i ka maka mua a me ke ʻano. ʻO nā mea waho i loko o lākou hele , akā aia kahi keʻena o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū kahi i hana ai ka hopena o ke kino. ʻAʻole kahi ʻāpana manuahi ʻē aʻe i kahi keʻena hanu like. Aia nā ʻāpana i nā ʻohana ʻelua - Aeschnidae, Libtllidae. He mau ʻānela nā lālā kaulana o kēia suborder - he ʻaloke manuahi (Libellula depressa), rocker reed (Aeschna juncea). Aia nō kēia ʻano huahele i kēia ʻāpana - ke kiaʻi ʻana o ka emepera (Anax imperator), ʻo Macromia nania, kahi ʻāpana manuahi i loaʻa ma Central France me nā pālahalaha ʻē aʻe a hiki i 70 cm - Meganeura monyi.

Holo ia i mua

Hoʻopau ia kēlā e like me kahi helikopter

Ma luna o ka wai uliuli

Ma luna o ka lau nahele

Ma luna o ka ...

ʻO nā manu manu kekahi o nā pepeke maikaʻi loa loa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou ma kekahi lā kauwela ma mua o ka wai. Hele lākou i nā kala like ʻulaʻula: uliuli, uliuli, ʻeleʻele ... I Iapana, ua manaʻo ʻia nā dragonflies he hōʻailona o ka lanakila, ua kākau ʻia nā poema e pili ana iā lākou a i hōʻike ʻia ma nā kiʻi paʻi.

He ʻehā ʻēheu mauʻu ʻo ka ʻalopona no kēia, kōkua kēia e lele wikiwiki, a he kino elongated, e like me ka ʻōpala, e alakaʻi ana iā ia i ka lele. ʻO ka holo ʻana o ka lele manu lele he 96–144 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola. Hāʻohi ʻia kona mau maka nui me nā ʻāpana a pau o ke anuenue. Noho lākou i ka pili o ke poʻo holoʻokoʻa a nona ka 28 mau maka liʻiliʻi.

Puhi nui manu a me ka hopu mau. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi: nāu, nā lapuwale, nā lele, nā ʻōpala. I hoʻokahi hola, hiki i kahi manu lele keʻai i 40 mau lele.

E hoʻoikaika ana nā Dragonflies i ke kauwela āpau, a hāʻule i ka hānau ʻana i ka hāʻule. Hiki i kēia mau pepeke ke wānana i ka hoʻoilo. Inā ʻaʻole i pōʻino, mālama lākou me ka mālie, a ma mua o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu i nā hipa a hoʻomaka e hana leo nui, ke lele nei ko lākou mau ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻehae nui loa e loaʻa i ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ia ka ʻihi. ʻO ka maʻamau ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka brown-red, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi nā dragonflies uliuli. ʻO nā eheu o kahi dragonfly he 10 a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino he 8 henimita.

ʻIke ʻoe i nā mea āpau, manuʻalani

ʻO kou ʻoihana lele

E like me ka lālani lele ma ka lewa

A me kahi mokulele "pilikia"

Mālama wale ia i nā wāwae.

Nā ʻōpio o ka ʻano manu - kāhea ʻia hoʻi lākou he mau mollusks - ʻai nui. Me ke kōkua o kekahi lehelehe lōʻihi e iho mai ana i luna, hopu lākou i ka palaoa, kīwī a me nā pīpī liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka larva ke ʻai a hiki i 50 pāʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. I hoʻokahi makahiki, lele ka nani o ka maka nui i waho o kahi larva poloka. He palupalu, palupalu mau a me ka uhi ʻana o ke kino, akā ma hope o ʻelua mau hola hiki iā ia ke lele kūpono.

Pōhaku Honu

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale, pono ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hihiʻo o nā ʻōpū manu. Maikaʻi loa lākou! Keʻehi - nui, nā maka nani, e ʻae i ka dragonfly e ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana iā 360 degere a ma nā kuhikuhi like ʻole - mua a i mua hoʻi. ʻO kēia i kōkua nui i nā dragonflies i ka hopu. ʻAʻole ʻike koke ʻia nā maka e nā maka manu ʻehā. ʻEleʻele nā ​​keʻokeʻo o luna, a ʻeleʻele nā ​​ʻaoʻao o lalo.

Nā kumuhana pili:

ʻO wai ka mea e noho i kahi kahawai a me ke kahawai?

He aha nā holoholona hihiu e ʻai ai?

ʻĀmaʻomaʻo - he mea koho kai ʻoiaʻiʻo . ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻeha me nā ʻōpū ikaika, kōkua iā ia forelegs, wikiwiki koke ka ʻai ʻana ma ka lele. Inā nui ka pāle nui i hopu ʻia, noho nui ka ʻōpū i luna o ka mauʻu e ʻai ai i ka ʻekekona i hopu ʻia. He mea kupanaha ka momona o Dragonfly. No kahi lā piha o ka hopu ʻana, hiki i kahi manu lele ke hopu a ʻai ma ka 650 pepeke. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i kāna mea make, no kekahi mau kekona. Ma ka laulā, ka nānā ʻana i ka lele a me ka hopu ʻana i nā dragonflies he mea kupanaha a mahalo nui. He nani kupaianaha ka Dragonfly i ka wā e lele ai a hoʻolālā i ka lewa. Mahalo paha ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻao manu, hana nā kānaka i kahi helikopter.