ka pili o ke kohola a he molipi
• cetacean predatory moana mammal of a dolphin species
• ka nui manu mohala nui o ka manu māhu subfamily
• nā iʻa kālepa kūʻai e noho ana i nā wai wai o ʻApika, Hema a me Asia Hikina
• nā iʻa iʻa mokulele
• dolphin me ka pena ʻala
• "cannibal" ma ka hoʻomoana o nā mea lele
• ka wikiwiki o ka momona manu
• ʻO wai ka mea hoʻolālā nui loa a kiʻekiʻe loa?
• nā holoholona kai o ka ʻohana kīʻaha, nā mea hoʻihoʻi
• nā limahana nui loa
• e like like me ka lumakahu maʻamau
• nā mea nui loa o nā mālala
• Willy mai ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni
• cetacean predatory mammal
• ʻO ia ka mea nui loa, ka nui manuahi
• Mālama i nā laupala manu
Nā kūpuna Cetacean
ʻO ka manaʻo o nā kuʻuna no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā cetaceans ka mea i pili ko lākou mau kamāliʻi a i ʻole nā kūpuna he mezzanine - he ʻahula puʻupuʻu o nā ʻōpū e pā ana i ka wīwī e like me nā ʻūhā a me nā kaikuahine ʻāhane o nā artiodactyls. ʻO kēia mau holoholona he niho o kahi ʻano conical maʻamau, like me nā niho cetacean. ʻO keʻano kūikawā, no kēia mea, ua manaʻo lōʻihi nā poʻe ʻepekema i ka poʻe cetaceans e iho mai i kekahi mesonichia kūpuna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻōnaehana o ka molekepili hou e hōʻike ai i nā cetaceans he mau pili pili i nā artiodactyls, i nā hippos kūikawā. E pili ana i kēia mau ʻike, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopili pū me nā kiʻi artiodactyls i ka ʻoihana o nā holoholona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a me nā inoa Cetartiodactyla i noi ʻia no kahi tax mon monopoliute e pili ana i kēia mau hui ʻelua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka makahiki nui loa o nā fossils kaulana o ka anthracoterium, nā kūpuna o nā hippos, he mau miliona mau makahiki ma mua o ka makahiki o ka Pakitset, ke kūpuna kahiko loa ʻike kaulana.
Loaʻa hou ka ʻike o ke ʻano Pacicetus, ke protokite kahiko loa ʻike ʻia, hōʻoia ia i ka ʻikepili. He ʻano huila paciteta hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa nā mamo nā mesonichids. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻokaʻawale nā kūpuna o nā kohola mai nā artiodactyls a huli i ke ala wai o ke ola ma hope o nā artiodactyl e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā kūpuna maʻamau me nā mesonichids. No laila, ʻo nā ʻano protokite he mau ʻano mua o nā artiodactyls, i mālama ʻia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka mesonichids (conical ʻano o nā niho) i nalowale i nā artiodactyl hou. ʻO ka mahalo, ko nā kūpuna mua o nā momi manuahi ʻē paha paha he ʻāpana karnivores a he ʻumiʻumi paha.
Pehea e ʻokoʻa ai nā ʻōpio a me nā kohola i nā iʻa a no ke aha e manaʻo ʻia ai nā momi?
ʻO ka mea mua, he hoʻomehana a hoʻoluʻu ʻia kēia mau mea. I ka iʻa, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ka mahana i ke ka wai o ka wai, ʻoiai i loko o nā kohola a me nā dolphins, kiʻekiʻe ke kino o ko lākou kino, a me kahi momona momona, kahi i puʻulu ʻia i ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e pale iā lākou mai ka wai anuanu.
ʻO nā laukalia nāʻaila waiʻala.
ʻO ka lua, pono i kēia mau holoholona i ka ea no ke ola. Hiki i nā iʻa ke hanu me nā hōʻiliʻili a hoʻokuʻu i ka oxygen i ka wai, akā i ka mea kohola e pono ai ka ea, no laila e mokulele lākou, akā hiki iā lākou ke noho lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka ea ma mua o nā holoholona.
ʻO Dolphins ka poʻe akamai akamai.
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa, a me nā moa a me nā iʻa, ʻaʻohe pono e hana i kēia, ʻo lākou, e like me nā mamalia a pau, e hānau i nā pēpē ola. Eia kekahi, hānai lākou i nā hua me ka waiū umauma.
He mea mamalia nā kohola.
ʻO ka ʻehā, ʻokoʻa ke kāʻei o nā mamela moana ma mua o kēlā iʻa. ʻLelo pū kekahi ʻokoʻa o ka circulate i nā iʻa a me nā kohola.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO nā holoholona mua loa mai ka infraorder cetacean: pacicetids a indochius?
He puʻoniʻu pākeke, i kekahi manawa i koho ʻia ai i mua o nā kohola mua. Noho lākou i ka ʻāina o Pakistan (no laila ʻo ka inoa ʻo "kohola mai Pakistan") i ka ʻā ʻana ma Eocene, ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ia ka holoholona i like me ka ʻīlio, akā naʻe, me nā hāmeʻe i kona manamana lima a me kahi huʻihuʻu lōʻihi. Pili ka pili o ka pepeiao i nā kohic paciceta: ʻo ka paciceta auditory bull, e like me ke kohola, ua hana wale ʻia mai ka iwi tympanic. He ʻano okoa ka ʻano o ka pepeiao o ka pacicet a loaʻa i nā analogues wale nō i loko o kahi cetaceans. I ka mua, ua manaʻo ʻia i hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka pepeiao no ka ola ma lalo o ke ola, eia naʻe, ua hōʻike hou ʻia nā haʻawina e pono ai nā pepeiao o ka pacicet no ke ea lewa, a inā he kamaʻāina maoli ka pacicet, he hiki ke lohe i lalo o ka wai. Wahi a Tevissen, like pū nā niho o ka ʻeke i nā niho o nā kohola fossil.
ʻIke pū ʻo Tevissen ua nānā ʻia ka hana like like me nā puhilahi o ka holoholona hihiu e like me Indochius. Noho ʻo Indochius ma kahi o 48 miliona mau makahiki i Kashmir. ʻO kēia liʻiliʻi - ka nui o kahi pōpoki home - ua loaʻa i ka herbivore kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokokoke ai iā ia i nā kohola a hōʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kai kūlohelohe. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka iwi mānoanoa a me ka pohā e like me ka iwi o nā holoholona semi-aquatic hou, e like me ka hippos, i mea e kōkua ai i ka hōʻemi o ka buoyancy a, ma muli o ia, e hiki iā ʻoe ke noho ma lalo o ka wai. Ua hōʻike kēia iā Indochius, e like me kahi ka wai wai o kēia manawa, i nalowale ma lalo o ka wai e hūnā mai kahi mea hoʻoiho.
Ambulocetides a me Remingtonocetides
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa o nā kohola kahiko, ʻo ia ka ambulocet, i ʻike ʻia mai ka Eocene o Pakistan. ʻO waho, ua like kēia mamala me he mau moku lāʻelima ʻekolu mau mika. ʻO Ambulocet he holoholona semi-akuatic: ʻoi loa kona mau wāwae hind i kūpono no ka ʻauʻau ʻana ma mua o ka hele ʻana ma ka ʻāina. Ua kuʻi paha ʻo ia, e hāwele nei i ke kino i ka mokulele, e like me nā ʻeke o ka wa, nā sila a me nā kohola. Ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻimi nei nā ambulocetides e like me nā kolamu hou, e kali ana ma ke ʻano o ka iʻa a me nā holoholona i hele i ka lua wai.
ʻO nā hoahānau pili o ke ambulocet he remingtonocetides. Ua liʻiliʻi iki nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana, ua hele a ʻokoʻa loa nā maka a ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kai ma lalo o ke ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua like lākou me nā ʻōpana i kēia mau lā i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana, ke hānai ʻana i ka iʻa mai ka ʻōpū.
I nā ʻelele o nā hui ʻelua, aia nā nostrils i ka welau o ka muzzle, e like me nā mammal terrestrial.
Nā pale pale
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā protocetides i kahi hui nui a lehulehu paha, i ʻike ʻia ma Asia, ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Nui kēia ʻohana i ka huaʻina nui o kekahi mau moʻomeheu, ʻoiai kekahi o lākou i aʻo ʻia (ʻoiai, ʻo ka rhodocet, ʻike ʻia mai nā kaila nui o Baluchistan). ʻO nā protocetides kaulana i ʻike mua ʻia i mua o ka mua a me nā ʻalū e hiki ai ke kākoʻo i ke kino ma ka honua, inā paha ua alakaʻi lākou i ka ola amphibiotic, e noho ana ma ka ʻona a me ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole maopopo ia inā he fin caudal ka protocetid, e like me nā cacealans hou, akā ke maopopo nei ua hoʻohomo maikaʻi ʻia lākou i ke ʻano aquatic. No ka laʻana, ka ʻāpana ʻāpana - ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka pōkole i pili ai ka pelvis - ma ka Rhodocetus he ʻelima mau kūlike ʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka vertebrae i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka mamm terrestrial i hoʻohui ʻia. I nā protoketids, neʻe maila ka hauna o ka ihu i ka snout - ʻo kēia ka mea mua i kēia no nā cetaceans o kēia manawa e waiho ana ma ka lei o nā ihu. ʻO ka mana e pili ana i ke ʻano amphibian o ka protocetide i kākoʻo ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wahine Mayatzet hāpai i kahi hua petrified, ua huli kona poʻo i ka puka waho. Ua hōʻike kēia ma ka ʻāina ka hānau ʻana o Mayatset - inā ʻaʻole loaʻa ka hapa i ka coke.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka laʻana, ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻūhā i nā kihi o nā manamana lima o ka rhodocete e ʻōlelo ai ka puka ʻana o nā mau loko mua mai nā ungulates.
Nā Basilosaurids a me Dorudontids: piha piha ka wai cetaceans
ʻO ka basilosaurus (ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1840 a i kuhi hewa mua ʻia no kahi reptile, e wehewehe ana i ka inoa ʻo "reptilian") a ʻo Dorodon i noho ma kahi o 38 miliona mau makahiki i hala a he mau holoholona moana. Ua like ka nui o ka basilosaurus me ka nui o nā kohola i kēia lā, i kekahi manawa ke hōʻea ʻia he 18 mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ʻo Dorudontids a hiki i ka 5 mika.
ʻOiai nā mea like a pau me nā kohola o kēia wā, ʻaʻohe nā basilosaurids a me dorudontids i kahi protrusion mua o ke alo, kahi i kapa ʻia ka melon, ka mea e ʻae i ka penaaceaceans e hoʻohana pono ai i ka echolocation. Heʻuʻuku iki ka lolo o ka basilosaurids, mai laila ka mea i hiki ai ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa a ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano hanana like ʻole o kekahi mau pekaceans hou. I ka pilina me ke ola i ke ola mua o ka wai aku, e hōʻike ka basilosaurids i ka hōʻemi o nā wāwae hind - ʻoiai ua ulu maikaʻi lākou, he liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana hou no ka neʻe. Eia naʻe, kā lākou i kākoʻo i ke kākoʻo ma ka moe ʻana. ʻAʻole pili ʻia nā iwi pelvic o nā basilosaurids i pili i ka pōkole, e like me ka protocetid.
ʻO ke heleʻana o ka echolocation
Hana ʻia nā kohola nā wāwae (Odontocetes) e hana ana i nā ʻano o nā kaomi ma nā ʻina like ʻole. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā pulikina kani e nā pahu momona mua ("frontal melon"), hōʻike ʻia mai ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻāʻī haʻahaʻa. ʻO kahi hōʻike ʻana o nā skulls squalodon (Squalodon) e hōʻike i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka echolocation ma kēia ʻano. Noho ʻo Squalodon mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Oligocene Middle a me ke waena waena o Miocene, ma kahi o 33-14 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a he nui nā hōʻailona e like me nā kohola laʻa e hana hou ana. No laila, no ka laʻana, he skull ikaika skull a me nā ʻanau iʻike pinepine ʻia i kahi ʻano o Odontoceti hou. ʻOiai ʻo kēia, ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā dolphins hou mai ka squalodon e manaʻo ʻia he hiki ʻole.