Palapala Latin: | ʻO Gypaetus barbatus |
Pelekane Pelekane: | ʻO Lammergeier |
Kaulana: | Nā manu o Prey (Falconiformes) |
Kāohana: | Hawk (Accipitridae) |
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino, cm: | 100–115 |
ʻĀwela, cm: | 266–282 |
Kaumaha kino, kg: | 4,5–7,5 |
Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona: | silhouette i loko o ke lele, plumage kala, nā mea ʻai e hōʻike ai |
Pūnaewele kiaʻi: | SPEC 3, CEE 1, BERNA 2, BONN 2, CITES 1, AEWA |
Hoʻopau: | ʻO ka ʻike mauna |
Kau koho: | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana a Lūkini i nā ʻano |
Ua nui ka manu i ka nui, nā ʻokoʻa mai nā manu ʻē aʻe ma o ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā māla ʻōpiopio ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma, ka hulu ʻīlio i hulu i nā manamana lima, ʻikiʻuku a ʻūhā manuahi a me ka huelo lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Ke waiho ka ʻoni o ke kino i lalo mai ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ulaula, ma ke kumu o ka beak i hoʻonani ʻia me kahi ʻumi ʻumi o kahi ʻumiʻumi o ka hulu hulu. ʻAʻohe ʻano dimorphism, ʻōpio nā manu ʻeleʻele i poepoe.
Kahele. ^ E Ha yM. Nā holoholona noho kū, he 3 subspecies maʻamau ma ka hema o Eurasia a me ʻApelika. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui o ʻEulopa, i kēia manawa ma ka Pyrenees, Corsica, Greece a me Crete. Ua kolo ʻia ʻo ia i Italia ma ka mokupuni o Sardinia a hiki i ka hoʻoilo o 1968-1919, ʻoiai ma Alps Western e manaʻo ʻia ua nalo aku nā 1920s.
Hoʻaiho. ^ E Ha yM. Noho noho ʻia nā wahi mauna hiki ʻole i nā pali pōhaku. Holoʻo ia i nā wahi puʻu ākea.
Biology. ^ E Ha yM. Ma waena o ka hoʻoilo, maʻa ke kau ʻia nā hua he 1-2, ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka wahine no nā lā 55-60. Hopu nā manu ʻōpio 14-15 mau pule ma hope o ka hatch. ʻO hoʻokahi masonry i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻOiai ke ʻano nui o kona kino, hiki i ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi ke hiki i nā mea lako lele a hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi i ka lewa i hiki ʻole i nā ʻae a hiki i nā ʻehā. I ka wā hana o ka lau ʻana, e hoʻoku nei i kahi koholā ʻoi loa.
ʻIke maoli nō. ^ E Ha yM. Ke lilo ʻana ia i mea lawehala, e hānai nui ana i nā iwi nui a me ka iwi o nā mea make. ʻO kekahi kanaka ʻumiʻumi e hakahaka i nā iwi i nā ʻāpana, hoʻolei iā lākou mai ka pali ma kahi papahele, a hoʻāʻo ia e hoʻohana i kahi like no kēia kumu.
ʻOi palekana. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hoʻokuʻu i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o nā bea ʻokaʻumi i nā wahi o ka piha ʻEulopa, ua lawe ʻia nā hana e pale ai: ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho o nā wahi e hānai ai i ka ʻai, ka paipai ʻana i ka hana o ke kuʻuna manuahi, hoʻopili hou ʻana i nā manu pio pio. Hāʻawi nā hana like e holo nei i kēia mau Alps i nā hopena kupaianaha, a hiki i ka hopena o kekahi mau kāne i kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma Savona a ma ka Pūnaewele Stelvio.
ʻO ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi, a ʻo ke keiki hipa paha (ʻO Gypaetus barbatus)
Ma kona wahi e noho ai
He manu ʻumi ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i ka laulā. Noho ia i ka palena mai ke Mediterranean a i ka Himalaya, aia ma ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Hoʻololei ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano i South South a East Africa a ua hoʻopili hou ʻia i nā Alps, kahi i kūleʻa ai ia a ua hoʻomaka ka hānai.
Hiki iā ia ma Russia i ka Caucasus, i ka Central and South Altai, i nā wahi kuahiwi kahi e loaʻa ai nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi nahele. Aia nā ʻuʻina ma aneʻi, ma nā pali pōhaku hoʻi a me nā crevices.
Nā hōʻailona waho
I ka manawa e ʻike ai i ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi, ʻo ia hoʻi i ke kiʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopuʻi iā ia me kekahi. ʻO kēia mau manu nui e pili ana i 1 m lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i ka 6.5 kg. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kino haʻahaʻa o nā manu ʻōpio i pena ʻia i nā kukui māmā - mai ka beige a i ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kokoke i nā maka he kīlea ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, a ma lalo o ka beak i kahi puʻu ʻeleʻele e like me ka ʻumiʻumi. ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kēia ʻano. He hoihoi kau ka iris o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi: me he kānāwai, he mālamalama me ke aniani ʻulaʻula.
He kapa ʻumiʻumi a keu ka pālule nona ke ʻano he ʻelima mau makahiki. A ma mua o kēlā, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou i ka ʻoluʻolu me kahi palupalu hina-brown brown. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lau o ka ʻumiʻumi - a ʻoi paha ka 80 cm lōʻihi, no laila e lele maʻalahi ka manu ʻōpiopio e lawe i kahi falcon.
He ʻumi kanaka ka ʻumi ʻōpala, akā he atical. ʻAʻole like me ka hapanui o nā ʻelele o ka huaʻala ʻōiwi, ʻo kēia ʻano he lei hulu ʻulaʻula, koi a lōʻihi ka ʻēheu, a me kahi kāʻei elongated a me ka lei. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wāwae a me nā ʻōpū iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā aʻa ʻala maoli.
Ke noho maʻamau
Noho mālie nā ʻūnaka a hana wale i ka pīpī haʻahaʻa a me ke kani ʻana me kahi mea e aloha ai.
Hoʻokūkū ʻia nā manu i kā lākou nui huna i nā ana kuahiwi, nā puʻu pōhaku, ma nā pōhaku iʻa. Mai nā lālā a me nā iwi o nā holoholona nui i kūkulu lākou i kahi noho ma mua o 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO kekahi inoa no kēia manu manu nā keiki hipa. Manaʻo ʻia ua ʻokiʻoki nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i nā hipa hipa, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kēia. ʻO nā kāne ʻumiʻumi ke ʻano manu manu ʻaneʻane, a ʻai wale i nā ʻano o nā ʻupena, nā manu a me nā manu. ʻAi ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i ka lau maloʻo, tendons, ʻili, a me nā iwi a me nā ʻūhā pū kekahi. ʻO kekahi inoa inoa ʻē aʻe he kanaka ʻumiʻumi - he iwi iʻa. Mālama ka manu i nā iwi nui o ka mamm i kāna mau wāwae, a laila lele i ka lewa a hoʻolei iā i nā pōhaku. Hoʻokomo nā iwi, a ʻānai ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi iā lākou i nā ʻāpana. Pili pū nō ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i nā kukuna.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hoʻohana mau kēia mau poʻe ʻēheu i ka nui e hoʻohana ana i ka makani mau e lele i nā kuahiwi, ʻoiai e lele ana i nā wahi mamao.
He lawehala nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka ʻōpū o kahi ʻumiʻumi e hiki ke lele. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema a hiki i ka 30 cm ka lōʻihi ma loko o lākou.Ia ʻike ʻia ʻo ka noho pio ʻana, ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi e ola a hiki i 40 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi ka lōʻihi o ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa wela. Ke makemake nei nā mea a pau e hoʻomaopopo inā pili ʻo ia i nā ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻaeto. A ma hope wale nō ka noiʻi lōʻihi, ua hele lākou i ka hopena no ka ʻike ʻia o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka ʻōpio subfamily. E pili ana i ka biology o nā ʻano, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻāpala i hānai nui i ka kalrion, ʻo ia ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu lele.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻomaka nā ʻōpala e hānai i ke kakahiaka nui: e waiho ana ka hua manu (1-2) ma Kekemapa - Ianuali. ʻO elongated nā hua, nui, nui (beose-sized), keʻokeʻo ma ke kala me nā kiʻi brown. Hāpai ka wahine iā lākou no ʻelua mahina, a ʻo kēia manawa kēia e hānai ke kāne iā ia. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā ʻoki. Kūleʻa ka ʻōpio kāne ʻōpio a i hope wale i nā lā 100-110 e haʻalele ai i ka nū.
Ma ka Buke Maikaʻi
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi ke kanaka he ākea loa, no laila ke kau ʻia nei ka ʻike i kēia ʻāpana palekana. Akā, ua emi iki ka lehulehu. I kēia lā ma ka honua, e like me nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi, aia he 10,000 mau kāne ʻumiʻumi. Pono ʻia nā haʻawina hou e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia ʻano me kahi ʻano pale ʻē aʻe o kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi mau'āina, e like me Bosnia a me Herzegovina, Serbia, Suria, ua manaʻo ʻia ua makeʻuhū nā ʻano.
I waena o nā mea nui e kāhea ʻia i ka poaching, ka loli o ka noho ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano, hopohopo i ka wā mālama. Ma muli o nā loli ʻōnaehana o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona a me ka haʻalele ʻana i nā kanu hānai holoholona, ua nele nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i nā lako aʻai a make kekahi o lākou mai ka pōloli. No kekahi mau makahiki he nui, ua hōʻino ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi a luku i kahi kanaka. I ka nui o nā ʻāina, aia kahi manaʻo hilinaʻi nui i lawe i kēia mau manu i nā keiki a me nā holoholona holoholona. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ka ʻumiʻumi no ka manu ʻōlau, e pana i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana i ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka inoa o ke ace. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe kōkua mau ka mālama ʻana o kekahi ʻano mea e pale iā ia iho i nā lima o nā mea ʻimi a me nā poʻi.
Hōʻike ʻia o ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi
Pono ka lōʻihi o ka ʻumiʻumi i ka 95-125 kenimika, nā ʻēheu o ko lākou mau ʻēheu e like me 2.3 a 2.8 mika. Kaumaha nā mea hoʻolālā i ka 4.5 a hiki i ka 7.5 kilograms.
Noho ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano pili i ka Himalayas. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻōpua ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka paona awelika o nā manu e noho nei ma ʻAmelika he 5.7 kilograms, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana o nā kāne ʻumiʻumi ʻōpoki he 6.2 kilograms.
ʻO ka ʻahāʻī ka lehulehu i kahi ʻāpana kime me ka nui o 45-50 kenimika a me nā ʻēheu pākiki me ka lōʻihi o 70-90 kenimika.
ʻO ka ʻumiʻumi ke aloha he hoahānau o nā ʻae.
ʻ redmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula hoʻi ka polū ma ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū a me ke poʻo, a he keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu a me ka ʻeleʻele i ka kala. Mai ka nuku i ka maka ke alo i kahi kaula o ʻeleʻele. Ma lalo o ka beak, ulu nā hulu ʻeleʻele i kahi pūʻai. ʻO kaʻeleʻele kēia mau hulu a like me kahi ʻumiʻumi o ka lauoho ke nānā aku. Mahalo iā lākou, loaʻa i ka mea kuhi kona inoa.
Kuhi ʻia nā maka e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula ka pua. Beak ʻulaʻula-hina. He ʻōpala ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele nā manu ʻōpio, nā mea e loli ai lākou i ʻelima mau makahiki o ka pakeke.
Nā huaʻaola o nā holoholona make - nā meaʻai a nā ʻōpala pipi ʻumi.
ʻAi manu, ʻona a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano
He wahi mauna kēia wahi noho me nā canyons, nā pali a me nā neʻe.
No kēia mau manu nā manu lawehala, akā makemake lākou ʻaʻole heano launa, akā he mea hou. ʻAlau ke kanaka ʻumi i nā iwi, nā tendons a me nā ʻili o nā holoholona make wale nō. I kekahi mau hihia, lele ka mea wānana i nā manu ola, akā ʻaʻole kēia kūlana no ka maʻamau, akā he okoa.
Ua loaʻa i kēia manu ka inoa no ka plumage, e like me ka ʻumiʻumi.
Holo ke kanaka ʻumiʻumi i nā iwi nui mai kahi kiʻekiʻe a kahi i wāwahi ai i luna o nā pōhaku, a mae a pau nā mea make iā lākou. ʻO kēia mau manu he mea hoʻoikaika kino ikaika. ʻO kekahi o kaʻu mau meaʻai punahele he mau iwi ʻoi.
Holo kēia poʻe kuʻuna i ka mauʻu, e hāpai hoʻi iā lākou, e hoʻolei iā lākou i luna o ka pōhaku, a hemo ka ʻōpū, ua ʻai lākou i ka ʻiʻo palupalu.
ʻO ka helu o nā kāne ʻumiʻumi i ka lewa
I kēia lā, he haʻahaʻa ka nui nā ʻumiʻumi - e pili ana iā 10,000 mau pūʻulu o kēia mau manu e noho i ka honua. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lehulehu ma o nā hana mahiʻai a ke kanaka. Eia kekahi, pana akula ka poʻe i kēia poʻe poʻe loiloi, no ka mea ua manaʻo lākou ua hoʻouka lākou i nā holoholona, akā he hewa ʻole kēia manaʻo.
ʻOiai ke kūlana me ka pana ʻana o nā kāne ʻumiʻumi ua hoʻi i ka maʻi maʻamau, nā pesticides, e komo ana i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā ʻoka manu mai nā kupapaʻu o nā holoholona make, e hōʻeha nui i ka lehulehu.
Hoʻomau ʻia nā wahi laulau manu nūhou. Hiki i nā ʻumiʻumi ke make mai ke kue me nā uaea kiʻekiʻe. I kēia mau lā, manaʻo ʻia ka lehulehu, akā, ʻaʻohe ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka wā.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.