ʻAe like ka ʻāpana o ka hulu o ka lālani Iapani mai ke kala-ʻulaʻula a hiki i ke keʻokeʻo, aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka kua o ke poʻo. He lapa elongated kahi maʻamau o nā martens, nā pōkole pōkole, a me kahi huelo fluffy. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kino o kēia mau holoholona i ka 47 a 54 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka lōʻihi huelo mai ka 17 a 23 cm ka ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā moemoe ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana paha ka wahine i ka 1.6 kg, aʻo nā wahine wale nō he 1.0 kg.

Kālā

Hāpai ka noho ʻana o nā kīleʻe Kepani i nā mokupuni nui Hema ʻekolu (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), ʻo Tsushima, a ʻo Korea hoʻi. No ka loaʻa ʻana mai, ua lawe ʻia mai lākou i nā mokupuni o Hokkaido a me Sado. ʻO nā ona maoli ka mea nui o nā ululāʻau, akā i kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wahi ākea.

ʻOle sable Tobolsk

Aia ia ma ka palena kahi i waena o nā mauna Ural a me Ob. ʻO ka kukala o kona hulu, he māmā, mai ka hina i kahi hina-brownish a brownish-fawn. He keu nui kona nui a me ka hulu māmā, ma waena o nā pua sable a pau.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino me ke poʻo i nā kāne he 41-51 cm, a ma nā wahine - 37-49 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 13-17 cm.

Ke noho maʻamau

Ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka nohona o nā sables Kepani. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā nests ma nā ʻalā ahi, a me nā lāʻau. Ma laila lākou e hūnā ai i ka lā e hele e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai i ka pō. ʻO kēia nā holoholona territorial e hōʻailona i ko lākou pūnaewele me ka huna o nā kohu ʻona maikaʻi. Waiho ʻole i ka wā moe, noho lākou wale nō. E like me ka hapa nui o nā martens, he holoholona maikaʻi lākou e ʻai ana i nā mammals liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona vertebrate ʻē aʻe e like me nā manu a me nā bako, a me nā mea kanu, nā pōpoki, nā hua a me nā hua.

Hoʻomaka ka helu ʻana i ka Pōʻalua - Mei; i Iulai-ʻAukake, lawe mai ka wahine mai ka 1 a 5 mau cub. Ma hope o 4 mahina, e kūʻokoʻa lākou.

Kāleka

E like me nā iwi sable ʻē aʻe, he keʻa lūle a me ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka Japanese marten, nā pōkole pōkole a me kahi poʻo hoʻi i ulana ʻia. Me ka poʻo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke he 47-54 cm, a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 17 a cm ke poʻo o ka ʻoi loa. Eia nō hoʻi, ua nānā ka holoholona i kona ʻulaʻula melemele lahilahi. Aia nā martens Kepani a me kahi polokaʻeleʻele. Ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻoniʻoniʻi like ʻole ka hulu o ka holoholona i mea e pono ai kona noho.

He hoihoi! ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ilihune ʻē aʻe o kēia lei ʻoluʻolu a he wahi pale ia ma ka ʻāʻī. I kekahi mau holoholona keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo loa, i loko o kekahi e ʻeleʻele a ʻuluʻulu paha i ke kala.

Loaʻa nā meles i nā wahine i kahi nui nui. ʻO ko lākou paona hiki ke kokoke i ʻelua kilokilima, ʻekolu mauʻu ma mua o ka paona o ka wahine. ʻO ka paona maʻamau ka kahi huakaʻi wahine Kepani mai 500 mau a i ka 1 kilogram.

ʻĀnō ke ola

I ka hihiu, ola ka ʻapani Kepani i ka maʻamau i ka 9-10 mau makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. Lawe ʻia nā holoholona i mālama ʻia i ka maikaʻi ma kahi kokoke i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka pono ola. ʻOiai he kupanaha iki, he paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā marten Kepani a i ʻole nā ​​holoholona sable ʻē aʻe i nā zoos.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Loaʻa ka ʻapani Japanese i nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu a me Hokkaido. Ua lawe ʻia ka holoholona i ka moku hope mai Honshu i nā makahiki 40 e hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana hulu. Eia kekahi, noho ʻo marten Kepani i ka palena o ka Penina Korea. ʻO ka wahi noho punahele o ka ʻenike Kepani he mau nahele. ʻOi loa ka makemake o ka holoholona i nā ulu coniferous a me ka lāʻau. Hiki iā ia ke noho kiʻekiʻe ma nā kuahiwi (a hiki i 2000 m ma luna o ke kai), ʻoiai i laila e ulu ai nā kumulāʻau e lilo i wahi e pale ai a me nā ana. He kupaianaha ka noho ʻana o kahi holoholona i kahi ākea.

ʻO nā kūlana ola maikaʻi no ka marten Iapana i ka mokupuni o Tsushima. ʻAʻohe aneane a i ka hoʻoilo, a he 80% o ke kuʻina i noho ma ka ululāʻau. ʻO ka poʻe liʻiliʻi o ka mokupuni, ke kauwela maikaʻi e mālama ʻia nei i kahi ola ʻoluʻolu a maluhia a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona hulu.

ʻO ka mea kanu meaʻai Japanese

He aha kēia mea e ʻai ai i kēia holoholona nimble a nani? Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, he pālule ʻo ia (akā naʻe ma nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō), ma ka ʻaoʻao - he mea kanu vegetarian. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka marten Kepani e ʻomaʻomaʻa ʻole a picky. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka holoholona i kona wahi a me ke ʻano o nā manawa, a hiki ke ʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke, nā hua a me nā hua.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kaʻai o ka marten Kepani ka hua o nā hua manu, nā manu, ka baki, nā mea kanu, ʻeli, nā hua, nā mamalia liʻiliʻi, nā kahu, millipedes, nā pīpī, spider, nā kānaka noho i nā wai kō, nā ʻāʻī, nā ʻōpala.

He hoihoi! Kepakani ʻo Iapana kahi e huki ana i ka hua manu hemo ʻole i nā holoholona hihiu e ka pau ʻole. No kekahi kumu, ʻo kā lākou ulu ʻino ʻana e ka poʻe luku luku o kā lākou ʻuʻuku. Me he mea lā e ʻike maka ʻole nā ​​ʻili i kēlā mau manawa - he mea kupanaha o ke ʻano.

Ua ʻai nā marten Iapana i nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai inā nele i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Kūkulu 'ana ia "vegetarianism" i loko o ka wā mai ka puna a hiki i ka hopena. No ka poʻe, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao kūpono o ka marten Kepani e hoʻopau i nā rodents liʻiliʻi - nā mea kanu o ka māla a ʻo ia ka mea e ola ai i ka hōʻiliʻili palaoa.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

ʻO ka ʻenemi maikaʻi loa no ka aneane o nā holoholona āpau, e komo pū me ka lālani Kepani, he kanaka ka ʻona manu nani. Ke ʻimi nei nā pōkole no ka hulu ma nā ʻano kīnā ʻole.

Nui! I loko nō o ka laulā o ka manapani Kepani (koe wale nō nā mokupuni ʻo Tsushim a me Hokkaido, kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka holoholona e ke kānāwai) ʻae ʻia ka ʻae ʻana i ka malama ʻelua ma Ianuali a ʻo Pepeluali!

ʻO ka ʻenemi lua o nā holoholona he ʻona maikaʻiʻole: no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa nā mea kanu i ka mahiʻai, nui nā holoholona. ^ E Ha yM. Ma muli o kēia mau kumu ʻelua, ua emi nui ka huakaʻi a ka poʻe Kepani i ka nui o lākou i ka inoa i loko o ka International Red Book. A no nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, he nui loa ka poʻe o lākou. ʻO ka dexterity o ka holoholona a me kona ola kino nocturnal he pale kūlohelohe kūlia e pili ana i ka pilikia lurking. I ka marten Kepani, ke manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o kona ola, kahe koke ʻo ia i ka nui o nā lāʻau a minks paha.

Pahu a keiki

Me ka mahina mua o ka mahina, hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana Kepani i ka manawa hoʻohua. ^ E Ha yM. MaiʻApelila a Mei ʻo ia ka mau hoa holoholona holoholona. ʻO nā poʻe i hōʻea i ka wā pahū - 1-2 makahiki ua mākaukau no ka hana ʻana i nā hua. Ke lilo ka wahine i mea ʻole i pale ʻole nā ​​pēpē i ka hānau ʻana, kū ka diapause i ke kino: nā āpana āpau, hoʻāla ka metabolism, a hiki i ka holoholona ke hāpai i ka wahine i loko o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.

Mai ka hapalua o Iulai a hiki i ka hapalua mua o ʻAukake, hānau ʻia nā hua o ka ʻapani Kepani. ʻO ka litter he 1-5 o nā ʻīlio pēpē. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me kahi uhi hulu ʻulaʻula, makapō a paʻa ʻole. ʻO kā lākou kīʻaha nui ka waiu wahine. I ka hiki ʻana o nā lā ʻōpio i nā makahiki 3-4 mau mahina, hiki iā lākou ke waiho i ka makua o ka makua, ʻoiai ua hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi ponoʻī iā lākou iho. A me ka moʻomeheu wahine hoʻomaka lākou e "hōʻailona" i nā palena o kā lākou ʻāina.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lilo ʻo marten Iapana (Martes melampus) i ʻokoʻa mai ka sable maʻamau (Martes zibellina). I kēia lā, aia he ʻekolu mau subspecies o ia - ʻo Martes melampus coreensis (kahi i noho ai ʻo Hema a me North Korea), ʻo Martes melampus tsuensis (kahi i noho ai ka mokupuni ma Iapana - Tsushima) a me M. m. Melampus.

He hoihoi! ʻO nā subspecies Martes melampus tsuensis i pale malu ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Tsushima, kahi o 88% o ka nahele, kahi o 34% e kue. I kēia lā, mālama ʻia nā bela Japanese i ke kānāwai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka International Red Book.

Ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka ma ka kūlohelohe o Iapana, ua kū mai ka loli loli, ka mea i hoʻopilikia i ka ola o ke kolepa ʻo Iapana ma ke ala maikaʻi loa. Ua emi ka nui o kona helu (poaching, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iniseti manuʻai). I ka makahiki 1971, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e pale i ka holoholona.

ʻO sable Barguzinsky

Noho ia ma ke kahakai o Lake Baikal a ma waena o ka papa o Barguzinsky. Aia kekahi ʻeleʻele loa o ka hulu, ʻoiai aia nā subspecies i wahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, a me ka ʻeleʻele ʻāhinahina loa.o ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ke poʻo i nā kāne ʻo 39-42 cm ka lōʻihi, a i nā wahine 36-41 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo i nā kāne he 12-15 cm, wahine 12-14 cm.

01.05.2017

I loko o Iapana kahi sable, a i ʻole Japanese marten (lat. Martes melampus) i noho i kahi wahi kūikawā i ka manaʻo o ka Iapanani. Manaʻo ka Iapana e lilo ana ka holoholona i ʻoi aku o kēia holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka mālama nui i ka mālama ʻia. Inā hoʻi ʻoe e hana ʻino iā ia, e puhi nō ʻoe i ke ahi me kāu mau mea a pau. I ka hihia maikaʻi loa, e uhi pono ʻia ʻoe me kahi avalanche i nā kuahiwi.

Ke kūpaʻa nei kēlā me ia manaʻo ma muli o ka hulu keu o ka holoholona. Ke neʻe wikiwiki nei ʻo ia i kahi mamao, i kuhi hewa ka poʻe me ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi no ka lapalapa.

I ke kauwela waena o Iapana, kahi i ulu pinepine ʻia ai nā ahi, ʻoiai ʻo Samurai hiki wale nō ke makaʻala kuhi ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea ola.

Ma ka manawa like, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia inā inā e hoʻokokoke ʻoe e hālāwai me kahi holoholona i hānai mau a ʻalike i loko o kahi pāpale luaʻa, e paʻa ana i kahi pā o ke aloha i ka pā ʻana a me kahi ʻoi a me nā ʻoi a i nā momona, ma ka pōmaikaʻi, a laila e manaʻo nō ʻoe i ke kūleʻa a me ka pōmaikaʻi.

Hōʻea kahi kīleʻa Japanese

I kēia he ʻekolu subspecies. M.m. loaʻa ka melampus ma nā mokupuni he nui ma ka ʻaoʻao o Iapana (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), M.m. ua māhele ʻia ka coreensis i ka ʻāina o ke Kōkua Penia, a me M.m. Noho ʻo tsuensis i ka mokupuni ʻo Tsushima a kau nō hoʻi i kahi pilikia piha. No ka hoʻoulu ʻia e like me nā holoholona hānai, ua lawe ʻia nā subspecies mua i nā mokupuni ʻākau o Sado a me Hokkaido. Hōʻike nā haʻawina genetic e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia ʻanoʻano mai ka Martes zibellina, e noho nei i kēia manawa ʻo Siberian taiga, ma kahi o 1.8 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

He momi manu e manaʻo ʻia ana, e like me ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana Kunih (lat. Mustalidae), e alakaʻi i kahi nohona nocturnal. Pihi holomua ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau a lele koke mai ka lāʻau a i ka lāʻau, e uhi ana i ka mamao a hiki i 1,5 m. Ua hoʻolana kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona wahi puʻulu holoholona me kahi wahi o 0.6-0.8 mau mika square. km Hāʻawi ʻia kona mau palena ma o ka maka huna o nā lepa nani, nā urine a me nā feces.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻomohala o ka ʻono ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona mai ka komo ʻana i ka waiwai o ka hili hou ʻana o kekahi mea, no laila ʻoi aku ka maʻamau i waena o lākou.

Noho ka poʻe nui lākou i nā ululāʻau kai, ʻoiai paha e like me nā ʻoka lāʻau. Ma ia wahi kahi i loaʻa mau ai nā nui o nā kumulāʻau me nā hollow kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi pono i kahi weliweli a eli paha i kahi lua ma lalo o nā aʻa maloʻo.

ʻO nā ʻīlio hae nui. ʻO ka maʻa kai maʻamau i kekahi mau wahi. Ua hopu ʻia nā holoholona no nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino a pana ʻia paha no ka hulu koʻikoʻi.

Mea ʻai

Kupanaha nā laple Japanese i kā lākou ʻano kupaianaha kupanaha. Mālama kā lākou meaʻai i ka manawa a me nā kūlana ola. ʻAi lākou i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona a me ke kumu kumu kanu. Hoʻokomo pū ka papa ʻōlelo loea i kekahi ʻano o nā hua, nā hua a me nā hua. ʻO nā meaʻono maikaʻi loa no lākou, he mau hua waina, fiku, nā percimmons, mulberry, actinidia, raspberry a me nā cherries.

E ʻai nui nā holoholona i nā kīlio, nā ʻūhā, nā ʻōpala, nā spider, nā pīpī a me ka millipedes. I ka manawa hele, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka ʻahaʻaina i nā hua manu a me nā momi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kiʻi a me nā kahe nā mea pio, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i nā squirrels a me nā hares. ʻO ka luku mau ʻana i nā rodents a me nā meaʻino, mālama lākou i ka kaulike o ka ékological i nā wahi a lākou e noho ai. Pākuʻi nui lākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā hua kanu like ʻole. I loko o kahi mau wahi, ka nui o ka hua no ka undigested i loko o kā lākou feces he 60% o nā meaʻai a pau e ʻai ai.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ai i ka 47-54 cm, a ʻo ka huelo 17-23 cm.ʻO ka nui o ke kauā kāne he 1.6 kg. ʻOi aku ka momona o nā wahine ma mua o 1 kg. He palalulu ka lole, palupalu a paʻakikī. ʻOkoʻa ka kala i ka lau i ka ʻeleʻele. ʻŌpū keʻokeʻo a ʻōmole paha ka ʻōpū. Aia kahi hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo e pili ana i ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka puʻu. ʻAkole pōkole nā ​​pale. He papalaha ka huelo. Hoʻopili ke kino a elongated.

ʻAʻole maopopo ka ola o ke ola ʻana o nā polapani Iapana ma vivo no kekahi. Ma ka noho pio, ola lākou a hiki i 12 mau makahiki.