Ke kūlohelohe nei, nui nā mea e hiki ke hōʻeha i ka nui o ka pōʻino, akā i ka wā e hoʻohana pono ʻia a me ka naʻauao i kekahi mau mea, hiki i kēia mau poʻi ke hana ʻino, akā pōmaikaʻi. I loko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻauʻai, pinepine ka lāʻau o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu e mālama i nā maʻi o ka nui. E aʻo pehea e mālama ai ka lāʻau i ke ola.

1) Warfarin

Warfarin - He ʻokiʻoniʻo ia kahi i hana mua ʻia me ka mea pato manu me nā isika a me nā kiʻī a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ke kumu like, ʻoiai ʻoi aku nā hana pono e ʻoi aku ai i ka hoʻomake i nā mea limahana i hana ʻia mai laila. ʻO kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hoʻohana ʻana, ua huli ka mea i warfarin he hana maikaʻi a palekana e pale ai i ka thrombosis a me embolism. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau i ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki 1950, a ʻike hou ʻia kēia ʻōloʻi. ʻOiai ke kūpono nei, loaʻa i nā hana warfarin he mau drawbacks. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau pinepine me warfarin ma ke ʻano like me kekahi mau meaʻai, no laila e ʻike pinepine ʻia kāna hana ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano koko.

2) Venom o nā kūpeʻe cone

Aia nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpū moana nui a nui nā mea kūʻai kai. Hōʻemi lākou i ka waiwai pio a hoʻohemo i ia o ke kelepona me ke kōkua o nā niho i hoʻololi ʻia a me nā leʻaleʻa ʻona, nā mea nā neurotoxins. ^ E Ha yM. Pono e paʻi pono kēia mau ʻōuli a ʻoi loa ke hoʻopā aku ia mau mea, no ka mea e kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi nā snail. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka maʻi o ka pīpī ma mua o ka pīhoihoi ʻoi, akā, kekahi mau ʻano o nā cones, ʻoi ka nui, hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia i ke kanaka, a ma kekahi mau mea e pepehi iā ia. ʻO ka pōkole o kekahi cones, no ka laʻana, ka mago cone, he analgesic maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole addictive, ʻo ia mau tausani iʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka morphine a hiki ke hoʻololi. Kaikawai ziconotide hualoaʻa mai cone toxins. Eia nō hoʻi, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kekahi o nā māhele o kēia pona i kēia lā e hana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau no Alzheimer, Parkinson a me ka epilepsy.

3) Mea ʻona Aconite

Mai nā aʻa o kahi ʻano pua Aconitum ferox (aconite) hana ʻia ma Nepal ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "bish" a "nabi". Loaʻa ka nui o nā alkaloids. pseudoconitinshiki iā ia ke pepehi. I loko o ke Komohana o ke Komohana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau aconite a hiki i ka hapalua ʻelua o ka kenekulia 20, akā i kēia lā ua hoʻololi lākou me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa. Ke hoʻomau nei nā lāʻau Aconite e lawe wale ʻia, akā me ka anuanu, no ka mālama ʻana i ke anuanu, ka pneumonia, tonsillitis, laryngitis, croup a me nā hānō. Inā lawe ʻoe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko, pili ka lāʻau aconite i ka puni o ke koko, ka ʻeha ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana. Holo i ka puliki, ka hāʻule o ka helu o ka naʻau, ma kekahi mau doses a hiki i ka 40-30 mau kuʻekuʻe i hoʻokahi minuke. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pua aconite e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā werewolves. Inā haʻalele ka pua pua i kahi alaula i ka pua o ka mea kānalua, hōʻike kēia i kahi ʻulāʻau ou.

4) racis digitalis

Hiki i nā Digitalis ke make me ka glycosides cardiac make, e hilinaʻi nei i nā ʻano. Ma muli o kēia mau poʻomanaʻo, ua loaʻa kekahi o nā ʻano o kēia mea kanu i ka inoa inoa - Dead Man's Bells and Witch's Gloves. He make a kanu ka mea kanu, me nā hua a me nā hua, a me nā lā nui loa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke make inā e ʻai liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi lau o ia lau. Kāhea ʻia ka lāʻau digitalis kūʻomi. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻoikaika i ka hana cardiac a mālama i ka piʻi o ka puʻuwai pu, keu me ka abnormal atrial fibrillation. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia no nā poʻe me ka maʻi ʻeha.

5) Poison moccasin muzzle

Ka mea huki moccasin muzzle kahi mea e kali ai i kahi ʻumiʻumi, ke kali nei no kahi mea e pono ai e holo ma kahi kokoke. ʻOi aku kēia mau nālena e pale aku i nā kānaka a ʻaʻole e hoʻouka mua inā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopā, akā ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano nui ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke muzzle pinepine ka "holo" e noho ana ma kahi o lākou, no laila hiki i ka poʻe ke holo ʻalepona i luna a loaʻa iā lākou iho ʻoʻe. ʻO 100 kalona o ka pauʻa muzzle kahi lethal kahi hopena. ʻO kēia hūlū ka nāwaliwali loa o nā wahi ʻino o nā ʻōpala a hāwīwī nāwaliwali ma mua o ka pona o kāna pili pili pono ʻole, ka wai wai. Kuhi pinepine kēia mau ʻōlapa i ka mea i kapa ʻia nā "'ōlelo lūlū," inā i hīmeni ʻia, a hoʻokuʻu i kahi mea laikini liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole. Ka make ka Moccasin muzzle protein i ka protein Hoʻolaha ia, kahi mea e kaohi ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi kanesa, a pale pū i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻōpū i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Lāʻau Hoʻolaha ia ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia he lawaiʻa anti-cancer, e hoʻomau ʻia ana ia ma ka ʻenehana.

6) Poʻomaʻo hemlock

ʻO kēia hona kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea nui a me ka toxic hemlock alkaloid e konyinaia ka pānaʻi like me ka nikotine-like. ʻO Koniin kahi neurotoxin e hoʻolalelale i ka ʻoihana sentral, he pōʻino loa no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. Hoʻopilikia ʻo Koniin i ka make ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pili neuromuscular, e like me ka curare venom e hana. A ʻo ka hopena, puka mai ka maʻi palaualelo a me ka lolo o ka naʻau māhuahua, alakaʻi i ka make ma muli o ka nele o ka oxygen i ka naʻau a me ka lolo. Hiki ke pale ʻia i ka make ma o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana a hiki i ka hana o nā mea make ma hope o 48-72 mau hola. ʻO nā huina a ka hemlock venom i kekahi nui ke kumu o ka hanu ʻana a make a make. Inā e hoʻopau kekahi i ka lau o ka hemlock, i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā hua a i ʻole aʻa i kolo, ua make nō hoʻi ia. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mea kaulana o kēia mea kanu, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hemlock o ka ʻawaʻawa e like me ka sedative a me antispasmodic. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia e nā kauka Helene a me Peresia e mālama i nā maʻi like, e komo pū ana me ka maʻi lā.

7) Ka make o ka belladonna

ʻO ka atropine ka mea pona i loaʻa mai ka belladonna, dope, mandrake a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana nighthade. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kaha inropine e mālama i ka bradycardia (wikiwiki ka puʻuwai aloha), asystole a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka atropine i ka mālama ʻana i kahi papa inoa o nā maʻi nui, hoʻohana ʻia a kū pū nō hoʻi i nā huhū nui.

8) Ka poʻi o ke kala kala ʻoni

ʻO ka kamalaola mai kahi arachnid pōʻino - kahi kala ʻāhinahina - hiki ke kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana me ka maʻi kanesa. Nā poʻe noiʻi mai Transmolecular Corporation i Cambridge, Massachusetts, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi protein kahi o ka huaʻala o ka ʻāʻepaʻawa ahi a ka ʻIseraʻela. Hiki i kēia protein ke loaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i nā cell glioma, nā maʻi kano ʻoi paʻakikī e mālama ʻia. Ua haku ʻia nā mea noiʻi mai kahi kinipona synthetic mai kēia protein me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka radioactive iodine iā ia. I ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke koko, ʻike kēia protein i nā sela glioma, hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā lākou a lawe pū me ia i ka hopena o ka radioactive iodine. ʻO ka hopena, ua luku ʻia nā kuleana ʻoi, a me ka mālama pono ʻana, emi ka maʻi maʻi.

9) Ka poʻokela o kahi tarantula mākeke Chili

Nā Biophysicists mai University of Buffalo hoʻohana lākou i ka protein o ka spider venom - kahi shant pink ulaula e hakakā ai i ka make mai nā puʻuwai naʻau. He mau pālapa liʻiliʻi nā paia pā i wehe ʻia i ka wā e pālahalaha ʻia nā pūnaewele. Na ke kahawai kēia kuleana no ke kaohi ʻana o nā musika naʻau. Inā hāmama lākou i kahi ākea, hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā kī maikaʻi i loko o nā hale. Hoʻopili kēia mau huawai i nā hōʻailona uila ma ka puʻuwai, e hōʻā ana i ka fibrillation - kahi ikaika nui e pale i nā kiʻowai o ka naʻau mai ka hana ʻana i ka hana. E hana ana ka ʻōmole hala ma kēia mau ala, e pale i ka komo ʻana o nā iʻa maikaʻi i loko o nā pūpū. Mālama kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka fibrillation a hoʻopakele i ka mea maʻi mai ka make inā mālama ʻia ka lāʻau i ka wā e hōʻeha ʻia.

10) Hōʻō mumule Ergot

Ua ʻike mua ka poʻe i ka mea ʻawaʻawa ergot - kahi pua i hoʻopilikia i ka rye a hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia i kekahi kanaka ʻai i nā huaʻu. Ergotism - poʻomaʻi hāpau - hoʻokūkū i nā hallucanga a me ke ʻano kūpono ʻole, ka mea hoʻowalewale a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻē aʻe paha kekahi o ke kuʻi ʻikina, ka luaʻi, ka lua, a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike. No ka hana ʻana i nā makahiki ʻelele, ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau kukuna o ka ergot e hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā e hōʻoki ai ka maka, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke koko no ka wā hānau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Ergot alkaloids i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kafergotka mea i caffeine, ergotamine, a i ʻole ergoline. Kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia migraine. Hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia hākona e mālama ai i ka maʻi o Parkinson. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hewa ka ergotism i ka mea i loko o ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 16 i hōʻea ʻia ka maʻi ʻino "Kauka Mania", akā naʻe ka mea like ʻole kēia.

Nā mea hana

ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ka acetic acid. Akā ʻaʻole kēia wale ka mea nakona no ke kanaka i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa nā huila i nā meaʻenehana hale, nā mea hoʻohana pinepine no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka makeʻana o ka huehue he pōʻino i ke olakino. I ka wā hoʻowalewale, hoʻonāukiuki ka huehue i nā hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā hana o loko. ʻO ke kanaka ke hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻeha nui, ke kāwili larynx, hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaʻina o ka hanu.

Hoʻokā ʻia ka ʻāpana o nā huehue ma ka ʻili i ke ʻano o ka huhū, nā ulia ulcerative, ʻā ʻia.

I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiʻona waʻa, pono ia e holoi i ka waha o ka waha, nā membrane mucous o nā maka a me nā wahi a nasal, nā pūlima ʻana me ka wai me ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ia e holoi i ka ʻōpū me nā mea hoʻohālikelike me nā mea inu palahalaha, ke ala hou ʻana o ka paʻakai ke alakaʻi i ka puhi o ka esophagus.

He māhu ʻoni

Noho ʻo Mercury i kēlā me kēia home, no ka laʻana, ma kahi thermometer. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka mea metala i ka paʻi a me ka mahiʻai, no laila, e hoʻonaninani ʻia ka lāʻau me ka paʻakai mercury.

He wahi hao koʻikoʻi ʻo Mercury e pili ana i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki. Hoʻopuka koke nā mea paka make i ka lewa. Hōʻike ka hopena lethal ke hele mai ka 0.1 a 0.3 g o ka mea hao i ka mea hao.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka lāʻau. Hoʻohālikelike nā hōʻailona me nā maʻa o ka bronchi a me ka hana ʻana o ka hana a ka mea hoʻopili. Ka ʻike neʻe ʻana o ka palaualelo, nā nū haʻalulu, nā wili i ka ʻili.

Inā hele mai ka make a mercury, pono e hāʻawi koke ʻia ka mālama lapaʻau. Inā hiki, hoʻokomo ʻia nā antidotes, lawe ʻia ka lavage gastric a hāʻawi ʻia nā sorbents i ua kanaka lā. Pono kahi kipa i nā kauka.

ʻO ka waikawa hydrocyanic a me nā cyanides

ʻO ia nā mea poʻomanaʻo kiʻekiʻe loa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou i nā iwi o nā kumulāila hua, loaʻa nā cyanides i nā ulaula.

Ke hoʻoluhi ʻia i loko o ka nui o ka nui, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i ka lolo, e hoʻēmi i ke kahe o ke koko, hoʻomā nā kumu i ka hana o ka puʻuwai. ʻO ka hopena momona me kahi overdose e kokoke koke ana.

Inā aia he mau ʻalaha, pono ʻoe e holoi i kou ʻōpū i ka hiki, hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wai piha piha. Ma hope o ka holoi ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia ka mea ʻai i ka sorbents, hoʻohana ʻia nā laxatives. Pono ia e kāhea i nā kauka.

ʻO nā mea hanu a me nā mea momona ua lōʻihi nā mea kaua huna o nā lawelawe huna a puni ka honua. Ua ʻoi aku nā mea ʻepekema Soviet ma kēia kuhikuhi i ka hapa nui o kā lākou mau hoa hana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ala e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā lawelawe kūikawā a laila hoʻowalewale i nā mea huna huna ke hōʻeuʻeu i kēia lā.

Paionia o ka Poakohi Mate

I ka makahiki 1938, ua alakaʻi ʻia ke Komikina Kūlohelohe o kānaka e Lavrenty Beria. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana i nā hoʻololi nui, i ka manawa o ka mea i maopopo ai i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻenemi o nā kānaka a me nā kiu, pono e lawelawe nui ʻia nā lawelawe kūikawā a Soviet. ʻAʻole ʻo Beria pono i pīīki i nā hana kikowaena. Ua kākau ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo i ke poʻo o ka NKVD Lavrenty Pavlovich i hoʻoholo i nā manaʻo he mālama i nā nui o nā hanana kūkulu ʻana a me nā hopena.

L.P. Beria a kaikamahine I.V. Stalin (ʻo Stalin i ke kala)

Ma ka pou hou, ʻaʻole nui o Beria e hoʻomau i ka hana e hoʻomaka ʻia e kāna mea hoʻokele o Nikolai Yezhov a me ke poʻo mua o NKVD Heinrich Yagoda, akā e hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa i ka hana āpau o ka hana huna. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo Yagoda ka mea i ʻike mua i ka hana kikowaena kahi e hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā mea kaua e kaua aku i nā ʻenemi ma waho a i ka ʻāina he mea nui no ka kūleʻa o nā lawelawe kūikawā.

No kēia mau pahuhopu, hoʻi i ka makahiki 1935, ua hele mai ke poʻo hou o ka laboratori toxicological pani, Grigory Mayranovsky, i ka All-Union Institute of eksperimental Medicine. Ma Mairanovsky ka mea, ma hope o Beria i hiki ai i ka pou o ka NKVD, lilo ia kekahi o ka palekana i mālama ʻia i ka USSR, a ua kākau ʻia ʻo kāna keʻehana ʻana.

Kanaka like me kahi mea kūʻai

Ma USSR, kahi keʻena kūikawā no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea ʻawa a me nā mea momona i hana mai ka 1920, akā aia wale nō ma ka 30s ua nānā ʻoluʻolu lākou i kēia wahi. Ma hope koke iho o ke kipa ʻana o Beria i ka keʻena ʻoihana kūikawā, hoʻomaka ʻo Mairanovsky e piʻi i ka ʻōpala hana. I ka makahiki 1937, ua lilo ʻo ia i kolone o ka palekana o ka moku'āina a me ke kauka o nāʻike lapaʻau. Ua hoʻololi hou ka lāʻau ʻana, ʻo Mairanovsky, ma muli o ke kauoha a Beria, i hoʻomaka me ka lawelawe lima hoʻokahi: ua kū pono nā ʻōnaehana filtration ea o ke ao nei, a me ka paʻakikī pū hoʻi, aia ma Varsonofevsky Lane ma Moscow, ua mahele ʻia i kekahi mau poloka.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia me kēia a pau, kahi e ʻae ai nā limahana o ka ʻimi noiʻi huna e hana me ka ʻole o ka pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, ua pili ka hana a Mairanovsky a me kāna koʻikoʻi me ka pōʻino nui loa - ʻo ka hana nui o ka ʻenehana kūikawā ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea pōʻai a me nā meaʻala ʻaʻole i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka autopsy. Maʻalahi ka makemake o nā ʻōnaʻi palekana o ka moku'āina i nā mea kaua exotic: ʻaʻohe mākaʻikaʻi - ʻaʻohe ʻano hōʻike o ke kuhihewa ʻana, a ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ka hopena no kekahi mau minuke.

Eia nō naʻe, ua pono ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka manaʻo manamana ʻo ka noiʻi. No kēia hana, lawe mau ʻia nā paʻahao i ka pana ʻia ʻana i ka mea paʻa i ka hale paʻu kūikawā. ʻO ka hapa nui he mau lawehala lākou, akā ʻike ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā mea ʻepekema o ka moʻomeheu o nā kānaka.

Nā Supertoxins a me nā maʻi noʻonoʻo

No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo ke kiko nui o nā hana a ka hui Mairanovsky he tetrodotoxin, kahi mea kaua weliweli loa ia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke aʻoaʻo aʻoaʻo ma ke ʻano he nui. Loaʻa nā kūleʻa nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea pōʻai ma ke kumu o ricin, he mea kanu hilo i ka mea kanu kanu. Ka mea, he mea makehewa loa no ka poʻe i loko o ka lumi, a ua hāʻawi ʻo Mairanovsky i ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he aerosol kūikawā.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka mau makahiki ke hoʻonā i ka pilikia nui - ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻapoʻawaʻi a me nā mea huʻala a me na mea o ua hui ʻo Mairanovsky i nā mea make hewa i loko o nā hale kūʻai o kahi keʻena huna e hūnā ʻia ana i ka autopsy. Ua hoʻokō lākou i nā pilikia i ka hopena o ka makahiki 30 - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 40. I ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua, ʻo ka lawelawe kemu-toxicological o ka hana hoʻomehana i hoʻohālikelike i kahi mea make kūikawā - carbylamine-choline chloride.

ʻAʻole ʻike maoli ka ʻatikala kūlohelohe o kēia mea, akā ʻike ʻia ua ikaika loa kēia ʻano. Ma hope o ke noi ʻana, ua hoʻopōʻino ka mea me ka pehu nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka welau o ke aʻalolo o nā mea kūloko, e waiho ana i ka asphyxiation a me ka pani ʻana o nā kahe koko. Ma ke kānāwai, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka waiʻona, ua make kekahi kanaka i loko o nā minuke 10-15.

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kāna hana i kahi hana maʻamau. Ma hope o ka hoʻoawa ʻia ʻana o ke kumuhana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia kona make ʻana, ua waiho ʻia ke kino kupapaʻu o ka ʻōpū i waena o ia mea ʻole i loaʻa iā ia i kekahi mau maʻi. N.V. Sklifosovsky. ʻAʻole i ʻike pono nā kauka e pili ana i ka manawa i hele mai nei ka mea maʻi, a ma hope o ka autopsy ua hāʻawi lākou i kahi manaʻo like ʻole loa: "ʻO ka make ma muli o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka puʻuwai."

Ma ka manawa like, ma loko o ka "make laboratory" hana lākou ʻaʻole wale i nā mea uʻi make wale nō, akā he mea kaua kūikawā ʻole kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai ka pehu i ke kino. ʻO nā pūkana pana, hoʻāla i nā peni, nā uluna a me nā mea nā mea i ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻawaʻawa, nā pōkole mikroskopiko a me nā moemoeā ultra-ipo - kēia mea hana koa āpau, me ka ʻano o kekahi o nā hana mua o ka ampule me ka waikawa hydrocyanic, i mea make ʻia ʻo Stepan Bandera i ka makahiki 1959, ua hoʻokumu ʻia e nā poʻe loea ma Mairanovsky.

Akā, ʻaʻole i holo ʻia kahi hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻike i ka poʻe ʻepekema iho. ʻO ka hopohopo i loko o ka maʻi, nā pilikia noʻonoʻo, a me nā ho'āʻo hoʻomaka.

- Ua makemake lākou i ka hana iho. Inā lawe ʻia kekahi kanaka, a laila i kona wā i hala, nā kumu kumu i paʻa ʻia ai iā ia, a me nā mea a pau ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hoihoi maoli. ʻAʻole kēia he hana o nā kānaka ʻepekema - e hana i kahi hoʻokolokolo a kū ʻia i loko o ka hale hoʻokolokolo, akā, eia naʻe, he hana like ʻole nā ​​ʻano hana i kahi psyche- wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Yaroslav Mezentsev.

Make ʻia ke Kauka Lūkini

ʻO ka hoʻokolohua hoʻokahi i ka poʻe i lawe ʻia ma mua o ke kaua, eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka Kelemania i ka USSR, Mairanovsky a me ka "make laboratory" ʻaʻole wale i hoʻokō i ka hana, akā, ma ke ʻano ʻē, hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i kā lākou lace. I ka makahiki 1942, ma muli o ka hōʻemi hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka hopena o ka ricin i nā hoʻokūkū ma ka mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make, ua liuliu ʻo ia ka hana o ka protein protein i nā kikowaena o ke kino a hana ma ke ʻano he "Serum ʻoiaʻiʻo".

Ua hōʻike koke ʻo Mairanovsky i luna "ma luna" e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana me ka loaʻa koke o ka holomua mua no ka kūkulu ʻana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike kahi ʻike e pili ana i ka kemika o ka "serum o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo", ʻike ʻia no kekahi i ka makahiki 1944 ua loaʻa ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e pili ana i ricin, a noi nā luna NKVD i nā āpana "no ka hoʻohana limahana."

Akā, ʻo nā papahana nui loa no ka "make laboratory" i mālama ʻia e ke alakaʻi o ka ʻāina ma hope mai. ʻEkolu mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka pohō ʻana o nā Nazis a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka ʻAkolu Reich, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Mairanovsky i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi maʻi aerosol toxent - ʻo ia ka mea mua o kāna ʻano no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pōmaika ʻenehana koiola. ʻO ke ala hoʻolālā, ka mea i lilo ka mea nui ʻole ma mua o ka bio atomika mua, ua kiaʻi pono ʻia ʻo Lavrenty Beria.

Loaʻa nā hopena o kēia mau hoʻokolohua, e like me ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ua hūnā ʻia a mālama ʻia i nā waihona huna o nā keʻena he hoʻokahi.

- ʻO ke kumuhana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea lāʻau kūlohelohe, kahi o ka ʻāpana e pili ana i nā hoʻokolohua e pili ana i nā kānaka, ua paʻa loa ia. Akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ka poina iā lākou nā hopena. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau, kau inoa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hūnā ʻia. Inā pono, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ia e hoʻihoʻi i kēia hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi, - e ʻōlelo ana i nā mea loea i nā lawelawe kūikawā ʻo Dmitry Sokolov.

Kuku ʻia ma ka kauoha

I ka makahiki 1951, ua paʻa koke ʻia ʻo Mairanovsky a me nā mea noiʻi poʻokela i ke kahu nui - Eitingon, Raikhman, Sverdlov a me Matusov - i paʻa koke ʻia. ʻO ka uku ʻokoʻa ka hoʻāʻo e hopu i ka mana a hōʻoki kino i ke alakaʻi alakaʻi aupuni. Wahi a nā mea kākau moʻolelo no nā kumu maoli a hiki i kēia lā.

- ʻO ka ʻano maʻamau ʻo kēia ka mea: ʻo nā hewa a pau o kēia mau mea ʻino e waiho nei me Beria, nāna i hoʻolālā e lilo i alakaʻi no ke aupuni. Akā ʻo kēia wale nō ka moʻolelo, ʻike ʻole ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻo Stalin, me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena, ua ʻike maoli nō i ka mea a Beria i hana ai a me nā hana āna i lawelawe ai, - wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Yaroslav Mezentsev.

ʻO kekahi o nā luna o ka counterintelligence nui o ka ʻāina, ʻo Pavel Sudoplatov, ka mea i ʻōlelo pilikino i ke komo ʻana i ka hōʻea ʻana o nā ʻenemi o nā kānaka, nā kiu a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e kūʻē i ke aupuni Soviet, i hōʻike ʻia ma Mairanovsky i kahi hoʻokolokolo kaʻawale. I kāna hōʻike, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Sudoplatov ua hoʻohana ʻo Mairanovsky a me kāna "hoʻomākaukau" no nā lawelawe kūikawā mai ka liʻiliʻi o 1937.

I ka wā o nā kānana ninaninau, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Grigory Mayranovsky ua loaʻa iā ia nā ʻōlelo mai ka "alakaʻi", ʻaʻole naʻe i hāʻawi i nā palapala e ʻae ana i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā mea huna me ke kōkua ʻana o nā mea pōʻai. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka pae o ke kālā a me ka malu o ke keʻena huna, a me nā kūlana a me nā inoa o nā mea e kiaʻi nui a kiaʻi i ka keʻena kūikawā i loko o kahi ʻelima mau minuke mai Lubyanka no ʻelua mau makahiki, ua lohe ʻia ka hihia ma ke ʻano hana kūikawā, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā protocols mai nā hālāwai i loaʻa i nā waihona ma kahi mamao . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka nui o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e ka make o ke Kauka Lūkini. Hoʻololi nā ʻikepili o ka poʻe loea: ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi he nui o nā kānaka i ʻona a pepehi ʻia "no ke kumu hōʻike", ke koi ʻia nei kekahi e make ʻia he mau haneli poʻe e ka hui ʻo Mayranovsky, me nā poʻe he manawaleʻa pākēnaha e ka mea make pū kekahi. make lab "ma hope o ka paʻa.

ʻO Grigory Mairanovsky ʻo ia iho i hoʻopaʻi ʻia he ʻumi makahiki no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea iʻe, a ʻoiai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, ʻaʻole i pau i ka hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻoholo. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui o ka pauku i ka pāpā ʻana i ke ola ma Moscow, Leningrad a me nā poʻomanaʻo o nā Repubics o USSR. I ka makahiki 1962, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Mairanovsky a neʻe ʻia i Makhachkala. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hana ma kekahi o nā keʻena noiʻi, a ma 1964 ua make koke ʻo ia i loko o kona moena. Ua hōʻike ʻia he autopsy e ko ka hopu hoʻopaʻa ʻana ke kumu o ka make. Loaʻa nā wahi o nā toxins i pepehi ʻia e Mairanovsky i nā makahiki he nui i ke kino o ka ʻepekema.

Kālā ʻauhau

He mea ʻole ka nāona huehue ʻona. Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i nā kaʻina o ka hāʻawi o ka oxygen i nā cell, ma muli o kēia, ua pilikia ka lolo a me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe o hypoxia. Heʻeha ka maʻi o ke kanaka, ke hiamoe nei, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā ahalū, ka delirium. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻalo ka nui o nā meaʻala i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia o ka neurological. ʻO ke kumu o ka make he hiki ʻole i ka hanu.

Inā ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka makeʻe ʻana o ka carbon monoxide, hāʻawi ʻia ke kanaka i ka ea hou, maluhia, a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ke kahua maʻi.

Aia kekahi mea like ma ka hale he nui a hoʻohana ʻia no ka disinfection. Loaʻa i nā Chlorine i nā huluhulu maikaʻi loa e hoʻopilikia i ka hana hanu. Me ka hoʻonui nui o ka ʻāʻī ma loko o ka lumi, hoʻomaka koke kahi kanaka e hōʻeha a make mai nā hoʻe kaua ʻana. Inā loaʻa kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka bronchitis a me ka maʻi pneumonia.

Inā he mau ʻalā o nā kohu chlorine, hāʻawi ʻia kekahi kanaka i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka wai hou, holoi ʻia kona waha a me nā maka me kahi nāwaliwali o ka pākaʻi a hoʻouna ʻia i kekahi hale lāʻau.

ʻO nā cyanides

Kūkākūkā ia mau huahana me kahi pūʻulu nui a hiki ke hōʻona iā lākou i ka nohona a me nā kūlana hana ʻona. ʻO ka paʻakai ka cyanide ka mea kaulana i nā cyanides.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka waihona i nā hana lawehala. Ke nānā nei, alakaʻi i ka make wikiwiki. ʻO ka dosis lethal e pili ana i ke olakino o ke kanaka, akāʻo 200 mg o ka pauka i lawa no ka make e hiki i loko o kahi mau kekona. ʻO ka antidote mana ka glucose.

ʻAmelekino

ʻO ka pauna mau ʻano pōpilikia i kahi hoʻolālā protein a loaʻa i loko o nā puʻuwai koʻikoʻi o ka ʻohana amanite. Aia ka pōʻino i ka mea ʻoiai nā hōʻailona mua i mau hola he ʻumi ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ka pona i loko o ke kino, i loko o kēia manawa ke hiki ke mālama i kahi kanaka i hoʻokokoke ʻole nei. ʻOiai me ka hoʻāʻo kūleʻa e hoʻopakele, ke waiho mau nei ka mea ʻeha no ke ola a loaʻa i nā pilikia me nā kino o loko.

Ricin

ʻO ka mea kanu mea kanu (Ricin). ʻEono mau ikaika i ka cyanide potassium. ʻO ka pilikia ʻē inā inā e komo i ke kahe wai, he mea nui ka hopena o ka hopena. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ka komo ʻana ma o ka ʻōpū o ka nuku, akā ke alakaʻi pū kekahi i nā mea ʻino.

ʻO ka hui pū kekahi mea oona i ka hana a ka pūʻali koa, he hopena nalu-paralytic. Hōʻike nā hoʻololi i ke kino i hoʻokahi mau minuke ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana, a loaʻa i kahi hopena hōʻeha ma hope o ka ʻumikumamālima mau minuke. ʻAi ʻia ka laʻala o ka honua.

Na poʻi ikaika ikaika i loko o kahi lāʻau

Pono maikaʻi nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā kānaka inā hoʻohana pono ʻole. ʻO lākou he mea inu poʻokō a me ka overdose alakaʻi i nā mea make.

ʻAʻole i haʻalele ʻia kahi hopena momona inā he ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa manuahi ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

• Meen e manao nei e mālama i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
• Nā Antipsychotics a me nā mea hoʻomaha.
• Nā moho ʻeha.
• Nā hui Antibiotics a me nā huakini.

Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi ke hoʻohui i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mea hānai kaumaha, nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka mālamaʻana i nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā hāʻule ʻana o ka maka. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo a ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e kōkua ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ma kahi nui piʻi e alakaʻi ʻia ia i ka lāʻau a me ka make.

Mea hanohano no ka holoholona

Ma ka liʻiliʻi e hōʻemi ana ka poʻe i nā holoholona ʻona. He aha nā mea pōpilikia i pōʻino no ka ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki?

1. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka. ʻO kekahi wahi liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻonāukiuki i ka make a i ʻole ka make. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona - isoniazid, kahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka mālamaʻana i ka maʻi pāpaʻi - e hoʻohana ʻia e nā kahu ʻalani.
2. Meen no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā fleas a me nā ʻōpio. Make nā holoholona mai kahi overdose o ia mau lāʻau.
3. Meaʻai. Mai hāʻawi i ka meaʻai ʻoi nā holoholona mai ka papaʻaina, ʻo nā hua waina maʻalahi e alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻole o nā pūpū, nā xylitol i hōʻemi i ka nui o nā kō i ke kō a me ka hana o nā aihue.
4. ʻAno make huina. ʻO ka mea pōpilikia no nā kahe mau pinepine ka mea e make ai nā holoholona home. He ʻano nani nō ke koʻokoʻo rodent, a no laila e huki ai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi hikiʻole ke kōkua, make koke ka holoholona.
5. Nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā holoholona. Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono kūpono ke make i ka make.
6. Nā mea kanu home. ʻO nā ʻiʻo a me nā ʻīlio e pīhoihoi i kekahi mau mea kanu, nui o lākou e loaʻa ka wai oona, he maikaʻi i ke olakino.
7. Nā kumuhana, nā mea ʻenehana home. Aia ma nā wahi komo, hiki i nā huahana like ke huki i ka manaʻo o nā holoholona. Hoʻopilikia koke ka lāʻau pōpilikia, e like me ka make.
8. Pupukikiiki a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Kūpono ʻia kēlā mau mea kanu no nā mea kanu, akā he maikaʻi no nā holoholona.

No laila, ʻaʻole ka liʻiliʻi o nā pōpilikia a me nā mea laʻi no nā holoholona ma mua o nā kānaka. Noʻeau ʻia e nānā pono i ka hana o ka holoholona i ka manawa e hoʻolako iā ia ke kōkua mua.

Nā hana kūpono

Hiki i nā lawehala hiki ke pale aku i ka nānā ʻana i nā hana palekana. Ke hana nei me nā mea poʻomanaʻo, pono e kāhiko i nā lole pale kūikawā, nā kūlima ma nā lima. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā goggles a me nā mea hoʻonani.

ʻAʻohe hihia, i ka wā o ka hana, ʻaʻole ia i ʻae ʻia i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, paʻi i kou maka a ʻike ʻia paha nā wahi o ka ʻili me kou mau lima. A pau ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana a pau, holoi holoi lākou i ko lākou mau lima, kahi e ʻauʻau ai inā pono, a e hoʻouna i ko lākou kapa i ka holoi.

Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻikeʻike ʻole ʻia, pono ʻoe e heluhelu i nā ʻōlelo a hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono iā ia. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai ʻole.

He aha e hana inā he pona

Inā ulu mai ka lāʻauʻona, kāhea koke i ke kauka. Ma mua o kona hōʻea ʻana, hoʻolako ʻia ka mea kōkua me ke kōkua mua ma mua.

• ʻāʻā i ka ʻōpū, inā i ʻae ʻia,
• hāʻawi i nā ʻōkuhi,
• hoʻohana i ka laxatives a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i nā enemas,
• hoʻolauna i nā antidotes inā hiki,
• hāʻawi i ka hau, maluhia,
• hoʻopakele koke i kahi hale lāʻau.

Aia ka ʻai i nā poʻomanaʻo kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kanaka, akā me ka mālama mua ʻana i hiki ke pale ʻia i ka ʻalo ʻana. Ke kū ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohāinu, hāʻawi koke lākou i nā kōkua mua a kāhea i nā kauka.