ʻO ka mea hou aʻe nei, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻāpana puaʻa ʻĀsia e ʻo ia ka mea nūhou wale nō o ka genus Amblonyx, akā ma hope o ka loiloi DNA, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻo Aferika i loko o ia mea.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino o ka holoholona, ua elongated a hoʻopili ʻia, kahi naʻe, i hiki ai ke ʻōlelo ʻia i ke ʻano o ka otter nunui. Ua palupalu ka poʻo i ke alo, aia nā maka i mua. Ua liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, a i loko, kahi ʻano o ke kīʻaha e pani i ka waʻa pepeiao i lalo o ka wai. Hoʻohālikelike nā wāwae, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manamana lima, ka mea e wehewehe ai i ka clawless otter mai nā otters ʻē aʻe. Mahalo i kēia, hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻokūkū maikaʻi i kāna mau hana, ʻo ia pū ka hopu ʻana me kāna mau wāwae, ʻaʻole nā waha.
O ka huelo o ka Ahiki klaka walaʻau ma ke kumu, he mānoʻo, muscular, a me kona hele ʻana i ka hopena ua lilo ia i mea ʻolo. Aia i kona papa he ʻōwili hoʻonāneʻa a i ʻike ʻia ai ka holoholona i ke kuʻuna. Me ke kōkua o ka mea, e hoʻomohala ka holoholona i kahi wikiwiki o ka wai nui, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wāwae hind i mea he rudder.
ʻO ka hulu ka i ʻelua papa: he pihi a ʻāʻī i luna o ke kao hulu a me ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho a hiki i 2,5 cm, a me kahi undercoat pōkole haʻahaʻa. Ma ka hapa nui o ke kino, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka hulu, a aia wale ma ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāʻī ke loaʻa nā kukui hina a ʻulaʻula paha.
Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi nā ʻokiʻoni i kahi mākaukau i ke ao. Noho lākou i loko o nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 12 mau kānaka, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻo ke koena o kā lākou ʻohana. Noho pū nā holoholona, ke pāʻani pū a hoʻomalu i kā lākou ʻāina mai nā mea hoʻokūkū. E kamaʻilio pū me kekahi me kekahi, ke hoʻohana nei lākou i nā leo, a, i kahi ʻoi aku ka nui, nā mea ʻala.
Kūkulu nā Otters i nā pāʻina monogamous no ke ola. Hiki i ka wahine ke lawe i kahi 2 litters i kēlā me kēia makahiki, kēlā me kēia mai ka 1 a hiki i 6 mau cub. Noho ʻo ke kahakaha 60 mau lā, akā hānau mau nā holoholona ʻōpio maoli, a i ka manawa mua ʻaʻole lākou e neʻe, loaʻa iaʻu ka meaʻai i kaʻu moe. Ke hānai nei ka hānai i kēlā me kēia hola 3-4, a ma hope o 3 mau mahina wale nō kā lākou e ʻai ai i ka meaʻai paʻa. Kōkua ke kāne i ka wahine i ka hana ʻana i ka pūnana a me ka kiʻi ʻana i nā meaʻai no nā holoholona ʻōpio.
ʻO ka papa ʻai ka mea e komo ai nā invertebrates e like me nā crabs a me nā mea crustaceans, mollusks a me amphibians. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻīlio, nā ʻeke, ka baki, nā iniseti a me ka iʻa hoʻi ke hele i ka meaʻai. E ʻike i ka mea make i ka wai lepo, hoʻohana ka clawless otter i ka vibrissae paʻa, a hiki ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no nā minuke 6-8.
Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana i ka mea i pio, a wehe lākou i kāna kinaki (inā kekahi) me ke kōkua o nā wāwae mua a me nā molars.
E aʻo pū e pili ana i:
- Ua like ka lāapo kakapo me he owl?
- ʻOiaʻiʻo ua ʻono nā iʻa pinepa e like me ka paina?
- No ke aha ke kau ʻana o nā zebra mauna i ke kino?
- Heʻoiaʻiʻo anei kahi pūʻulu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau hiki ke kūʻai i ka 60,000 acorn no ka hoʻoilo?
- Nā ʻānela ʻē aʻe
22.08.2019
The clawless otter (lat.Aonyx cinerea) is ʻohana of Kunya (Mustelidae). ʻO ia ʻo ia ka mea ʻokiʻoki ma ka honua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me nā pili pili e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā peʻa a me nā membranes ʻauʻau, ka mea i hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka pihi lima. ʻAe ʻia kēia hale hana iā ia e wehe wehe i nā kinipiki o nā mollusks bivalve.
E ʻike ʻia ka holoholona ʻoiai ka lāʻau ʻalani clawless hikina. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūlana mālama o kekahi ʻano i kahi kūlana paʻakikī. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kū nui kona mau kānaka. ʻO ke kumu nui no kona hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ʻo ka haumia o ka honua kūlohelohe me nā pesticides a me nā paʻakai o nā metala kaumaha. Hāpai lākou i kahi palaki o nā kaʻina hana i loko o ke kino o kahi momona a me ka nāwaliwali o ka hana hānau.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano ma 1815 e ka zoologist Kelemania ʻo Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.
Kālā
Aia ka habona i ka Hikina Hema, Bangladesh, ma ke kūkulu hema a ma kahi ma ka komohana o India. Noho ka nui o nā lehulehu ma nā ʻāina hema o Kina, ma ka Semenala Malay, ʻo Pilipina a me nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia o Sumatra, Java a me Borneo.
Noho nā holoholona ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho me ka pohō, akā ua nalo ka mea kanu kai. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai, ma waho o ke kahakai a me nā mea estuaries. Makemake nā holoholona i nā ʻeleʻele a me nā pāpaho. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma ka mahina ʻai i ka lawaiʻa.
Hōʻalo nā ʻalaka hikina e pili ana i nā wahi ākea i hikiʻole iā lākou ke hūnā mai nā poʻe predator. Ma nā wahi kuahiwi, ua ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 2000 m ma luna o ke kai. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā holoholona me ka ʻāneʻe (Lutrogale perspicillata) a me Sumatran otters (Lutra sumatrana).
Aia he 3 subspecies. Kānā ʻia nā subspecies nominative ma ka Penina Malay.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ka ʻili ukiʻi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻohana 6-12. ʻO ka maʻamau ka hānai ʻia o nā holoholona o nā hanauna he nui. ʻO nā male wale nō hanohano, a ʻo nā koena o ka hui i kōkua iā ia i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpiopio.
Hōʻike ka hana i kēlā me ke ao. Noho ka hapa nui o nā kānaka i nā wahi i hiki ʻole i ke kanaka, akā uaʻoluʻolu kekahi poʻe ma kahi o nā wahi noho o ke kanaka.
Pipi maikaʻi ʻūlio lika pūlio maikaʻi. I ke kaola wai, holo wikiwiki loa, e neʻe ana i kona mau wāwae hind a me ka huelo. I ka wā ʻauʻau, neʻe ʻo ia a piʻi hoʻi i luna i nā ʻāpana a pau o ke kino.
Ma lalo o ka wai, hiki i ka holoholona a hiki i 8 mau minuke, ʻoiai ʻo ka manawa pinepine ka palena i ka 30 kekona.
Loaʻa iā ia ma uka, kāʻei ʻo ia i nā ʻalā a me nā lāʻau lāʻau e waiho i kona kaona. Hoʻohana ʻia nā palena o ke ʻāina i noho ʻia i nā lālā āpau o nā pūʻulu. Mālama lākou iā lākou mai ke komohewa ʻana o nā malihini, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mau niho a me nā ʻili.
I waena o nā mea hānai, hoʻomaha ka holoholona a hoʻonohonoho i nā pāʻani hui. ʻAe lākou i ka pō i kahi paʻa o ka ʻāina.
Ma waena o lākou, hoʻopili nā clawless otters ma ke kumu o nā ʻohuʻohu a me nā hōʻailona leo. Aia nā kūleʻa o nā kuʻuna ma lalo o nā huelo. Ua kau ʻia nā mākeke ma nā lāʻau o nā lāʻau, nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā ala alanui o nā alahele hehele. No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou ʻike mua, kūkulu nā holoholona i nā paila o ke one, gravel, mud a me ka mauʻu. ʻO nā hōʻailona Tactile a me nā ʻano o nā poses he mea nui i ka kamaʻilio.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai, ʻo nā crustaceans a me nā mollusks. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻAmona i ka mea ʻuʻuku. ʻO ka niho ākea ākea ākea a me ka ikaika e hoʻopau i ka pono o nā ihe, nā palulu, nā ʻōpū, nā mussel a me nā ʻōsters.
ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokalakupua, ʻānai mau i ka lālani ʻeke kūpeʻe e mālama wale. I kekahi manawa e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, rodents a me nā pepeke.
Loaʻa ka mea predator i ka mea make i ka wai me ke kōkua o ke ʻano pīhoihoi mare, me ka ʻoi nui ʻana i ke kau ʻana i ka wahi o ka mea i hana ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui, ʻike pinepine ʻo ia i nā poʻe holupuna lepo (Periophthalmus) a ʻūhā i nā mollusks i loko o ka silt.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Otters i kā lākou iʻa me kā lākou mau wāwae mua. Wehe lākou i nā mollusks me ko lākou mau manamana lima a i ʻole kekahi manawa iā lākou i ka lā, e kali ana iā lākou e wehe iā lākou iho.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka otter momona
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpio manuahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahine. Hoʻopili ke kino, pōkole nā wāwae me nā ʻakaʻala, aia nā membranes ma waena o nā manamana lima. Ua kaʻawale nā maka. ʻAno pōkole. ʻO ka ihu ka ʻano o ka leka "V". ʻO kaʻeleʻa ka pua. He mānoanoa ka huelo, pili i ke poʻo, ʻo kona lōʻihi he 40.5-50.5 kenimika.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka otter ka mānoanoa, ʻelua papa-ʻula, velvety a pā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho lauoho i waho he 12-14 kūmita, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka undercoat he 6-8 kekā. ʻAkele ke kala o ka huluhulu i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao.
Kau Lila Makeni
ʻO kēia mau otters e hoʻoikaika nui i ka wanaʻao, ʻo kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoikaika i ke ao. Loaʻa pinepine nā ʻupepeke i mau pūʻulu ma nā hui.
I ka wai, hōʻemi nui nā otters. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka mea pio me kahi ngaki pono. Ke holo malie nei ka otter, a laila komo nā wāwae āpau, a hana lākou i nā pōkole wikiwiki me ke kōkua o ko lākou mau wāwae hind a me ka huelo, aʻo nā ʻōwele e kālai ʻia ʻana i ke kino.
ʻO ka otters ʻokiʻoki i ke kālaʻai ka nui o ka metabola kiʻekiʻe, no laila, i mea e maikaʻi ai, pono lākou e ʻai e pili ana i ka 1 kilo o ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpala he holoholona karnivorous, ʻo kā lākou papaʻai he 75-100% o ka iʻa, akā ʻai nō hoʻi lākou i kekahi mea ola e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu, no ka laʻana, ka puʻupuʻu, nā ʻōpala, nā bako, nā bako, nā reptile liʻiliʻi, mollusks, nā aheu, nā kahe wai, ka ʻōpala, nā nūnū. , nā manu a me kā lākou hua.
ʻO nā hae o nā ʻalika palalulu laupili, nā pōpoki pipi a me nā manu nui o ka ʻai. Loaʻa ka ola i nā otters lauulu lauoho ma ke ʻano he 4-10 mau makahiki, a ma ka hoʻopio ʻana ke noho nei lākou no kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Hoʻopiha ʻĀina E Pono i nā Awena Makaula
ʻO ia kahi holoholona pili. Noho nā wahine me nā ʻohana me nā kāne a aʻo i nā ʻōpio. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka noho aliʻi nui i ka pūʻulu o ka hui.
Hoʻokuʻu ka papa kumu o ka ʻohana mai 7 a 12 mau kilomita square. Aia paha he mau lua kīʻaha. Aia ka puka ʻana i ka lua i lalo o ka wai o ka wai, akā aia paha i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka puka i waho.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻoni ʻoniʻoni i nā palena o ko lākou wahi me nā ʻalā a me nā mea huna musk, nā mea huna mai nā kulu anal e kū ana ma ke kumu o ka huelo. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻailona Odor ʻaʻole e hoʻoholo i nā palena o ke kahua, akā ke ʻano hoʻi o ke kamaʻilio. Hoʻohana lākou i nā paʻi paʻi, posture kino, a me nā hōʻailona leo e kamaʻilio pū me kekahi. Inā kūleʻa ia i nā otters, he kupua a me nā hika.
ʻO ka hana hou i nā otters lauulu
ʻO nā holoholona monogamous he mau holoholona monogamous e hana i nā pālua paʻa. Hāpai ka wahine i nā hua ma kahi lua, kahi e kokoke ana i ka wai. Noho ka poʻe kamaliʻi ma ka lua a hiki i ko lākou noho kūʻokoʻa. Hiki i ka wahine ke holoi i kahi lua a haʻalele paha i kahi mea hou.
Aia kahi 1 kau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka wā hoʻoulu no nā otters hina lauwili e kū ana mai ʻAukake a hiki i Dekemaba. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o nā ʻōpū hulu miliki lauoho, ʻo ia ka hana o nā hui ʻohana.
Noho mau ʻia ʻo Pregnancy i 2 mau makahiki. Ma hope o kēlā, hānau ʻia nā pēpē 2 a me 5 a keiki kīnā ʻole i ka wahine. Holo ka mahina o ko lākou mau maka. Mālama ka wahine i nā ʻāpana me ka waiū no 3-4 mau mahina. Ke kū nei ka pipi i ka waiū waiū, hui ke kāne i ka ʻohana, mai kēia manawa ke kōkua ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka meaʻai.
Ma ka piha o 1 makahiki, e haʻalele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ko lākou mau ʻohana a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i ke ola kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka Puberty i nā otters pīhoihoi kūpono i nā makahiki 2.
ʻO nā ʻoni a me nā ʻohana
Hoʻopau ka poʻe ma luna o nā otters maʻa no ko lākou hulu. ʻO nā kākahu, nā mea nani a me nā pahu mai nā paʻu o kēia mau holoholona. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka aila mai kā lākou momona, kahi i hana ai e hoʻomākaukau i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna. ʻO ka ʻiʻo otter ʻai.
Ke emi nei ka nui o nā otters lauulu a me ko lākou ʻano ma muli o ka luku ʻana i ke kūlohelohe: ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kahua uila alapine e hoʻoulu ai i ka wai, hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wai. Eia kekahi, hana ka poʻe i ka lawaiʻa ikaika i nā ʻōpala ulaula, e hōʻino nui ai i ka lehulehu.
ʻO Ecology a me nā hoʻoili
Noho kēia holoholona mai ka hikina o India a hiki i Asia Hema, a loaʻa i kekahi mau wahi ma Iraq.
Noho ka ʻōpio i kahi pōpoki laupili i nā wahi he nui o nā loko - he mau lehele wai, nā māla lau nui, nā loko a me nā māla. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia lākou i ke ola ma kahi o ka wai, akā naʻe, ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka ʻāina, a hiki ke hele i nā ʻāina lōʻihi loa i loko o ka huli ʻana i kahi noho kūpono.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻala polū i ka wai i loko o nā pūhaka a i ʻole nā palahalaha pōhaku. Hiki i kekahi o lākou ke kūkulu i kahi noho paʻa i ka wai, kahi e like me ka home o ka beaver, me kahi pū ka wai i lalo a me kahi kaila i hiki ai i kahi pūnana i luna o ka wai.
ʻĀina waiwai
Ma Bangladesh, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻeleʻele manuʻala manuahi i nā lawaiʻa: otters (ma ka nui o ʻekolu a ʻelima hoʻi), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka leʻa ma ka lāʻau lōʻihi, kālele i ka iʻa i nā ʻupena i huki ʻia e ka poʻe lawaiʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia, me ka ʻōpio otters, ʻo kā lākou mau lālā. ʻAʻole lākou i nakinaki ʻia, ʻaʻole like me nā pākeke, no ka mea ke ʻauʻau nei lākou i ko lākou mau mākua. Pela no ke ano o ka lawaia ana ua hanaia ma Kina ma ka makahiki 7 o BC.
Hoʻaiho
Pono (ʻĀpilikia) otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) ua lawe ʻia mai ka hikina hikina a hiki i Asia Hema, loaʻa i nā ʻāpana o ʻIraka. Noho lākou kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi he nui i loaʻa nā hale waiʻa - nāʻuʻuku pit, nā muliwai nui, nā loko a me nā mahina ʻai. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia lākou i ke ola ma kahi o ka wai, akā naʻe, ʻoluʻolu lākou i ka ʻāina, a hiki ke hele i nā ʻāina lōʻihi loa i loko o ka huli ʻana i kahi noho kūpono.
Kāleka
Kōleu otter ka nui loa o nā otters o Asia Hema, ke kaupaona nei he 7-11 kg a loaʻa ʻo 1,3 m ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. E like me nā otters, ʻo nā māla laupili pālima, loaʻa nā manamana lima a me nā wāwae ikaika me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika. He lōʻihi a ākea ke kino o kahi ʻalahoe palalulu, nā pōkole, ua pōkole nā wāwae, nā puʻupuʻu koi, ke ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo, he haʻahaʻa nā pepeiao, ua kau nā maka ma kahi mamao a kahi nui mai kekahi. He pōkole ka muzzle, he mānoanoa ka pua, ʻeleʻele ka hulu, ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻO ka lauoho ka mea i koe he 12-14 mm ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka undercoat he 6-8 mm. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke kapa o kēia otter ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻehā. ʻO ka pua mai ka mākaʻa i ka poloka i ka uliuli ma hope o ke kua, a mai ka lalo o ka brown brown i kekahi manawa i hiki ke hina. ʻO nā wāwae mua o kēia otter e ʻoi aku ka pōhā ma mua o nā wāwae hind, ua mānoanoa ka huelo, conical ma kona helehelena.
Koi a ʻĀpana Kai a Reproduction
Kōʻai Uila Hoʻokū i nā pālua monogamous. ʻO kahi wahi kai o kahi mau ʻohana a i ʻole ka ʻohana o ka otters e noho ana ma kahi o 7-12 km2 a i komo kahi hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau pahu e loaʻa a liʻiliʻi i kahi puka ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā palena o nā palena i nā ʻōpū o ka litter a me nā huna huna musk o nā kulu anal i loaʻa ma ke kumu o ka huelo. Hoʻohana ka ʻumi i ka ʻohu no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā palena o ke kahua a me ke ʻano o ka kamaʻilio: hōʻailona lākou i nā mea kanu, nā pōhaku lepo a me nā palena o kā lākou wahi.
ʻAʻohe o kahi ʻala lauwili laupili i ka wā moe, akā i ka wā e hilinaʻi ʻia ai nā otters i ka monsoon. Aia kona hānau ʻana i nā lā 61-65, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ai ʻelua mau ʻelima kūbita. He makapō a nele i nā keiki hou, akā ma hope o ke kanakolu lā ua hāmama ko lākou mau maka, a ma hope o kekahi mau lā he kanaono lālau i nā kau. Mālama ka wahine i ka ʻōpiopio me ka waiū no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i 3-4 mau mahina. I ka makahiki wale nō paha a hoʻokahi makahiki, haʻalele nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka ʻohana a hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole e like me nā otters ʻē aʻe, nā hulu ʻuluʻulu e hoʻokūkū i nā hui ʻohana. Hoʻopili ke kāne i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpī i ka ʻeha, a laila kōkua iā ia e hāʻawi i nā pōpoki me nā meaʻai. Ua hiki i nā Otters i ka wā pahū makahiki ma ke ʻano he ʻelua makahiki.