Tarbosaurus (lat * Nā holoholona

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ʻO Tarbosaurs nā mākaʻi o ka huaʻōlelo kūwau o nā kānaka nunui, nā dinosaurs o ka ʻohana Tyrannosaurus, e noho nei i ka Luʻu Cretaceous i nā panalāʻau o Kina a me Mongolia. Ua noho ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurs, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, ma kahi o 71-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka huaʻāina Tarbosaurus nona ka hui Lizardotasa, ka papa Reptile, nā Dinosaurs superorder, a me ka Theropoda suborder a me ka Tyrannosaurus superfamily.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Tarbosaurus

ʻO nā koena liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻia mai ka makahiki 1946 i piha i nā poʻe he nui o ka Tarbosaurus, ua ʻae iā mākou e hana hou i nā ʻano o kēia ʻano loina a hana i nā manaʻo hou e pili ana i kona nohona a me nā loli i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻolālā ʻana. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka nui ma nā tyrannosaurs, ʻo nā tarboosaurs kekahi o nā tyrannosaurids nui loa i kēlā manawa.

Loaʻa, nā nui

I ko lākou heleʻana, pili loa nā tarbosaurs i nā tyrannosaurs ma mua o nā albertozaurs a i ʻole gorgosaurs. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papaʻa nui e kahi kino nui, nui ʻūlū nui a me proportional, akā he lōʻihi nā iwi iliac, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā māka o ka lālā lua o ka ʻohana ulu, kahi i loaʻa iā gorgosaurus a me albertosaurus. ʻO kahi hapa o nā mea noiʻi T. bataar ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo kekahi o nā ʻano ʻano tyrannosaurs. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻike i hana koke ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa, a me kekahi mau noiʻi ma hope aku.

He hoihoi! Mahalo wale nō i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lua o nā koina o ka archaeological i pili i nā ʻano hou o Alioramus, ua hōʻoia ʻia i ko Alioramus ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai Tarbosaurus.

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kāʻei o ka tarbosaurus ma ke ʻano he ikaika ikaika loa. ʻO ka kala o ka ʻili scaly, a me nā tyrannosaurs, i loli iki iki i loko o ke kūlana a me ke kaiapuni. Nani ka nui o ka pangolin. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke he ʻumikumamālua mika, akā ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 9 mau mika ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā tarbosaurs he 580 cm me ke kumu nui o ke kino he 4.5-6.0 tons. , ma ka nui nui, a hiki i ka 125-130 cm lōʻihi.

ʻO kēlā mau mea poʻe loiloi i loaʻa kahi ʻano kūpono o ke kaupaona maikaʻi, akā ʻo ka līlio ke lohe maikaʻi i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka honi, hana ia i mea kōkua manuʻulā. ʻO nā holoholona nui ʻōpiopio ikaika a paʻa i nā pūpū lehulehu. Hāʻawi ʻia ka tarbosaurus e ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻōhiku pōkole ʻelua, i hoʻopau ʻia me nā pūlima ʻelua me nā pihi. ʻElua mau wāwae a ikaika loa i nā wāwae hope o ka neʻe i hoʻopau me ʻekolu mau manamana lima. ʻO ka kaulike ke hele a holo a e hoʻolako ʻia e kahi ʻoi lōʻihi e lōʻihi.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

ʻO ka tarbiaurs Asia, me nā mea e pili ana i ka tyrannosaurs, i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i lilo i ka māhele o ka mea hoʻonaʻauao kūwaho. Eia naʻe, e like me kekahi mau ʻepekema, i kekahi mau mea o ko lākou ola, nā mākeke nui ua hiki i ka lawaiʻa me kā lākou pilina kokoke.

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ka mea e pīhoihoi i ka pākeke e ʻimi nā kime me ka kāne a wahine paha, a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke hānai ʻia i ka wā ʻōpiopio a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i kēlā mau hui no kekahi o nā ʻano olakino o nā pono kūpono a me nā ala o ke ola.

ʻĀnō ke ola

I ka makahiki 2003, ua puka ʻia kahi kiʻi palapala kiʻi e hōʻike ana "Ma ka ʻāina o nā Repaima" ma ke kahawai BBC. Hele mai ʻo Tarbosaurs a ua manaʻo ʻia ma kona ʻāpana ʻelua - "Giant Claw", kahi i haʻi ʻia ai e nā ʻepekema nā ʻōlelo no ka awelika o ke ola o nā holoholona. I ko lākou manaʻo, ola nā dinosaur nunui no ka iwakāluakūmālima, ʻo kanakolu mau makahiki he kanakolu.

Hōʻike ʻike

I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā keiki wale nō ka mea maʻamau ʻo Tarbosaurus bataar, a ua ʻike mua ka Tarbosaur mua i ka manawa o ko Soviet-Mongolian e hele nei i ka aimak Umnegov a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Namegt. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā manawa, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻaukā a me kekahi mau vertebrae, hoʻolako i ka meaʻai no ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka paleontologist Lūkini maikaʻi ʻo Evgeny Maleev, i ka manawa mua i loaʻa kahi ʻike ʻia ma ka kumu o kekahi mau huaʻala e like me nā ʻano hou o ka tyrannosaurus ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - ʻo Tyrnnosaurusurus bataar, no ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia holotype i kahi helu hōʻailona - PIN 551-1.

He hoihoi! I ka makahiki 1955, ua wehewehe ʻo Maleev i ʻekolu mau puʻupuʻu e pili ana i ka Tarbosaurs. Ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou a pau e nā ʻāpana o kahi ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka wā o ka holo hoʻokele ʻana ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia mau kānaka ʻekolu i ʻike ʻia e nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Ua loaʻa i ka huaʻōlelo me ka helu huaʻōlelo PIN 551-2 ka inoa ʻo Tyrannosaurus efremovi, i mea e hoʻohanohano ai ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema Lūkia kaulana a me ka paleontologist ʻO Ivan Efremov. Kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi genus o nā American gorgosaurus tyrannosaurus me nā helu huaʻala ʻo PIN 553-1 a me PIN 552-2 i kapa ʻia ʻo Gorgosaurus lancinator a me Gorgosaurus novovojilovi.

Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 1965, ua hoʻokau ʻia kekahi lua paleontologist Lūkini ʻo Anatoly Rozhdestvensky i kahi hypothesis e like me nā kuhi āpau e wehewehe ʻia ana e Maleev no nā ʻano like ʻole, e noho nei i nā ʻokoʻa o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ma kēia kumu, ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema no ka manawa mua i ʻōlelo ʻole ʻia nā allropod ʻaʻole i, ʻo ka mea, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo tyrannosaurs kumu.

ʻIke ʻia, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa hou o ka ʻohana Kalikimaka i ka inoa ʻo "Tarbosaurus", akā ua waiho ʻole ʻia ka inoa kumu mua o kēia ʻano - Tarbosaurus bataar. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopili hou ka hoʻouka i nā mea hou i lawe ʻia mai ka Deseb Gobi. Ua ʻike ka nui o nā mea kākau i ka pololei o nā hopena a Rozhdestvensky, akā, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ka manaʻo ma ke ʻano.

Hoʻomau ka moʻolelo i ka makahiki 1992, i ka wā i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai e ka paleontologist ʻAmelika Kenneth Carpenter, nāna i nānā pono i nā kumulāʻau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, hana i kahi hopena i like ʻole, e like me nā mea like ʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema o Rozhdestvensky i maopopo ʻole i lawa ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi predator i kekahi genus. ʻO ia ʻo Kenneth Carpenter i kākoʻo i nā ʻōlelo mua a Hana a Maleev.

I ka hopena, pono nā ʻāpana āpau o nā tarboosaurs i kēlā manawa e hāʻawi ʻia i Tyrannosaurus bataar hou. ʻO kahi mea ʻē loa o Gorgosaurus novojilovi i hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e Carpenter he genus kūlohelohe ʻo Maleevosaurus (Maleevosaurus novojilovi).

He hoihoi! ʻOiai nō ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o nā tarbosaurs i kēia manawa, e like me ka tyrannosaurs, no kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻākoakoa ʻia kahi waihona maikaʻi, nona ka kanakolukumamālima, aia hoʻi he ʻumikūmālima mau ʻōpala a me nā huakaʻi postcranial.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā makahiki hana ʻo Carpenter kahi kākoʻo ākea loa i ke kaiāulu ʻepekema. Eia kekahi, aia i ka hopena o ka iwakāluakūmālua, ua hoʻopiha ʻo ka paleontologist ʻAmelika iā Thomas Carr i ka ʻike o ke keiki ʻōpio Tarbosaurus i ka Maleevosaurus. No laila, i kēia manawa, ʻike ka poʻe loea e pili ana i nā tarbosaur he ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus keikiar i nā wehewehe hou a i loko o kekahi mau puke ʻepekema a me nā kūlaha kūloko kūloko.

ʻO Habitat, noho

He mea maʻamau nā tarboosaurs i nā wahi kai i noho ʻia e Kina a me Mongolia. Kēia mau ʻōhua nui o ka pīpī maʻamau i noho ma ka nahele. I ka wā maloʻo, ua loaʻa nā tarbosaur, i hoʻopuka iki iā lākou iho i nā ʻanoʻaina i nā manawa āpau, hiki ke piʻi aku i loko o ka wai o nā loko pāpio, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kime, nā mākeke, a me nā kaenagnathid wikiwiki wikiwiki.

Hoʻokele ʻo Tarbosaurus

Ma ke kaukani o nā niho he ʻeono i loaʻa i loko o ka waha o ka manakia o ka tarbosaurus, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia lōʻihi ma kahi o 80-85 mm. ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a ka manaʻo o kekahi mau loea i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia, he mau mea ʻōpala nui ka poʻe loiloi. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi me kā lākou iho, akā ka ʻai i nā kino o nā holoholona make. Ua wehewehe na ʻepekema ʻepekema i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo na ke ʻano o ko lākou kino. Mai ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻepekema, ʻo kēia ʻano o nā merosaur predatory, i mea he mau ʻelele o nā theropod, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe wikiwiki i ka papa o ka honua i ka ʻimi ʻana i kāna mea e hopu ai.

He nui ke kino kino o Tarbosaurs, no laila ke hoʻomohala nei i ka wikiwiki nui i ka wā o ka holo, ʻo ia e hiki i ka mea kime nui ke hāʻule a loaʻa nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. Nui ka poʻe paleontologists e hapanui wale nei me ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki e hoʻomohala ʻia e ka līlani a ʻaʻole paha ma mua o 30 km / h. ʻAʻole paha e lawa ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe no ka mea holomua e ʻimi pono no ka waiwai. Eia kekahi, he mau maka palaka loa a me nā tibia pokole nā nī kahiko. Kēia ʻano ma ka ʻano o kēia ʻano hana i hōʻike loa ʻia i ka molowā a me ka lohi ʻana i nā tarbosaurs.

He hoihoi! Ua manaʻo ʻia hiki i ka tarbosaurs ke hopu maikaʻi i nā holoholona kahiko e like me ka saurolophus, opistotselikaudiya, protoceratops, therizinosaurus a me erylansaur.

ʻOiai ka mea o ka helu ʻana o ka poʻe noiʻi e helu ana i nā tarbosaur as scavengers, ʻo ka manaʻo nui loa ʻo kēlā mau lizards he mau mea kuʻuna ikaika a noho ʻia, i noho i kekahi o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ka pūhihi e noho ana ma na wai anuawai o na kahawai.

Pahu a keiki

Ua waiho ʻia kekahi mau hua manu he wahine ʻōpiopio wahine, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka pūnana i mākaukau mua ʻia a kiaʻi ʻia hoʻi e ka mea nui. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, ua haʻalele kā ka wahine iā lākou a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai nui. Ua hānai ka makuahine i kāna hua ma luna ona, e hānai i ka ʻai o nā kīlei o nā mea make. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hiki i ka wahine ke kahawai maikaʻi i ka kanakolukumamaha paha haneli o ka meaʻai i ka manawa.

Ma ka pūnana o ka ʻōpio Tarbosaurus kekahi i loaʻa ai i kahi ʻano hierarchy. ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻīkiʻi ʻōpio ke hele mai i ka ʻai a pau kā māʻī loa i nā kaikaina. Mai ka neʻe pinepine ʻana o ka Tarbsaurs kahiko i ka nāwaliwali loa a ka muli loa o ka hua mai ka meaʻai, pau ka nui o nā cubes i ka pipi. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ke koho kūlohelohe maoli, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea lanakila maikaʻi a me ka ikaika loa o ka tarboosaurs i hoʻomake a loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa.

Ua hiki aku i nā ʻāpana he ʻelua mahina ʻelua o ka Tarbosaurus i ka lōʻihi o 65-70 kenimika, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻemi ʻia kahi kope o ko lākou mau mākua. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka mea mua loa he ʻokoʻa nā kaila ʻōpio i nā pākeke. Mahalo i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu piha o ka tarbosaur me kahi ʻōpala pono i mālama ʻia, ʻike ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema ma hope o ka loiloi ʻana i kēlā mau ʻokoʻa, a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā tyrannosaurids ʻōpio.

E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:

No ka mea hou aku a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo loa inā paha ka helu o nā niho koi a ikaika loa i nā tarbosaurs e kū mau nei i ka manawa o kēlā mau dinosaurs. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kekahi mau paleontologists no, me ka wā o ka makahiki, ua pau ka nui o nā niho i loko o ia mau ʻanoʻano dinosaur. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau cubs o ka Tarbosaurus, holoʻokoʻa ka nui o nā niho i ko lākou helu i nā pākeke a me nā keikiʻōpio dinosaurs o kēia ʻano. Ua manaʻo nā mea kākau o nā haʻawina ʻepekema i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e hōʻole nei i ka kuhi ʻana e pili ana i ka loli ʻana o ka huina helu o nā niho i nā ʻelele pili makahiki o ka tyrannosaurids.

He hoihoi! Ua noho ʻoi ka mau pōpō ʻōpio i nā nīnūnū i kapa ʻia ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi e ʻimi nei i nā lizards, he dinosaurs liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea like ʻole.

No ke ʻano o ke ola o nā ʻōpio tyrannosaurids, hiki i kēia manawa ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei me ka hilinaʻi piha ʻole i ka ʻōpala ʻōpio a me nā mea a pau ʻole i ka makua, akā makemake lākou e noho a loaʻa ka ʻai i kā lākou iho. Ke manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe ʻepekema i ka nui o ka ʻōpio tarboosaurs i ʻike ʻole i kekahi kanaka i kā lākou ʻano o kā lākou iho. ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū no ka manuahi ma waena o nā poʻe ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio. ʻOiai i ka mea pio, ʻaʻole i hili ʻia ka lālaniʻōpiopio i nā mea pili i nā moʻo moʻo hoʻolaʻa male.

Ho? Ohumu o n?

ʻO kekahi o nā kauā Tarbosaurus i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1948 e ka Soviet-Mongolian expedition (kapa mua ʻia ʻUlaʻulaʻula o Gorgosaurus) e hōʻike ana i ka ana i kahi o ka lolo. ʻO kahi mea hoʻokalakupua o ka hoʻōla kūloko o ka puʻu (endocrane) i ʻae ai ʻo Maleev e huki i kahi mau o nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka lolo o ka tarbosaurus. Ma ka 2005, ma ke kumu o kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka polyurethane rubber, ua hana hou kahi kikoʻī hou o ka ʻenehana a me ka hana ʻana o ka lolo Tarbosaurus.

ʻO ka ʻano o ka lolo o ka tyrannosaurus ka mea hoʻi i ka nānā ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi ma mua, a ua like nā hopena o ke ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i ka lolo o ka tarbosaurus, koe wale nō kahi kahi o nā pūnaewele kumu o kekahi mau nane cranial, me ka neʻeneʻe a me nā nīnū ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lolo o ka tyrannosaurids e pili kokoke i ka hoʻonohonoho i nā lolo o nā crocodiles a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole ka lolo o nā manu. ʻO ka huina o ka umauma umauma he 12-mika tarbosaurus, e like me ka poʻe noiʻi, he 184 cm wale nō. ʻO ka umauma olfactory nui a me nā pūlū ololi a me nā nū manamana e hōʻike nei i kahi ulu maikaʻi o ka ʻohu o ka momona i ka tarbosaurus - e like me ka tyrannosaurus. ʻO ka ʻōhapa olfactory nui ʻē aʻe he nui, ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ʻana o kahi pūmaʻomaʻo maikaʻisonsonson i hoʻokumu ʻia, no ka mālama ʻana i nā pheromones. ʻO kēia, ma ke ʻano, he mea e hōʻike i ke ʻano hoʻokō ʻana i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka tarbozavra. ʻO ka nerve auditory nui ka mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā tarboosaurs, e ʻae ana i ka kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i ka lewa. Ua kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻāpana vestibular, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, na nā Tarboosaurs i wahi kūpono o ka pale kaulike a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā neʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nā ʻūhā a me nā wahi cerebral e pili ana me ka hihiʻo liʻiliʻi a i hoʻomāluulu ʻia. ʻO ka pou o ka waena o ka midbrain, nona ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻike ʻike i nā reptile, he liʻiliʻi loa ka tarbosaurus, a nāwaliwali nā optic a me ka oculomotor. Inā ka tyrannosaurus, me kona ʻōlohelohe ākea, ke nānā maila nā maka o ka maka, e hāʻawi ana i ka hihiʻo binocular, a laila ka ʻōpū o nā tarbosaurus, e like me ka hapa nui o nā tyrannosaurids, ʻoi aku ka māmā, a aia nā maka ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. ʻAe kēia mea āpau i hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e ʻae nā manaʻo nui i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka tarbosaurus e ʻike a he lohe, ʻaʻole naʻe he ʻike.

Paleoecology

ʻO kahi o ka ʻike o ka nui o nā koena o ka Tarbosaurus ʻo Nemagat Formation ma ke Kaiaulu Gobi, ʻĀkopa Hema. ʻAʻole ke ʻano o ka makahiki o kēia neʻe e ka leo radioisotope, akā nā ʻano o ka fauna o ka Nemaget suite i kēlā me kēia ʻano Maastrichtian o ka Upper Cretaceous. Kuhi kēia kuʻekuʻe makahiki i waena o 70 a me 65 miliona mau makahiki i ka hala. ʻO ka Subashi Formation, kahi i loaʻa ai nā koena o Shanshanosaurus, e pili pū ana i ka hana Maastrichtian ma kona mau makahiki.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻike a me ka inoa

ʻO nā mākuʻi o nā tyrannosaurids

T. Carr et al. 2005

ʻO Tyrannosauridae

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ʻO Tyrannosaurinae

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Curry et al. 2003

ʻO Tyrannosauridae

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ʻO Tyrannosaurinae

nele

ʻO Tarbosaurus ka mea nona ka ʻohana tyrannosaurids o ka subroprop theropod, a hiki i ka tyrannosaurins subfamily. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hope loa i hōʻike wale ʻia e kekahi hapa o ka poʻe ʻauhau nui, no ka laʻana, ua komo pū ʻo Lu me kāna mau hoa i ka makahiki 2014 i loko o ka ʻohana tyrannosaurid.

I ka hiʻohiʻona, ka mea pili i ka tarboosaurus ma kahi o ka tyrannosaurus ma mua o ke albertozaurus a me ka gorgosaurus. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka papala ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papala a me ka lōʻihi o ka ʻihi o ke koena o ka lālā evolutionary lua o ka ʻohana, ʻo albertosaurus a me ka gorgosaurus, a i ka manawa like, ua lōʻihi kēia lālā hou i ka tibia a me nā iwi metatarsal e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui o ke kino. Ke noʻonoʻo nei kekahi poʻe noiʻi T.keiki keiki me he ʻano lā o ka tyrannosaurs, ua haʻi ʻia kēia ʻano ʻike ma hope koke o ka loaʻa ʻana a me nā haʻawina hou. Ma ke ʻano nui, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo Ken Carpenter e like me ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻike, e like me nā tarbosaurs he liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke tyrannosaurs, a me nā ʻokoʻa āpau o ke ʻano o ka ʻūhā ma waena o ka tarbosaurus a me nā tyrannosaurus, ma kona manaʻo, ua komo i loko o ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papakū o nā ʻūhā o nā ʻokoʻa i kēlā kanaka i loko o nā ʻano. Tyrannosaurus rex . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe i ka pili o nā tarboosaurs i kahi ʻano hehele ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai naʻe ke ʻike nei lākou i ko lākou pilina pili pili me nā tyrannosaurs.

Mai ka noiʻi 2003, ua ukali ia i nā alioramas e kokoke loa i tarbosaurs e kaʻana like ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻewala i nele i nā tyrannosaurins ʻē aʻe. (ʻike i ke ʻano o ke ʻihi). ^ E Ha yM. Inā i hōʻoia ʻia kēia kuhi, e hōʻike kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka tyrannosaurins i ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia i nā ala like ʻole a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka tarbosaurus me nā tyrannosaurs. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea ʻike pono o ka alioramas, e like me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, he mau ʻōpio ʻōpio ia, ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he tarbosaur opio, ʻoiai he nui kāna mau niho (mai ka 76 i ka 78) a me kahi kaula paʻa o nā iwi iwi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka muzzle. Ma ka manawa like, ma kahi noiʻi 2013, ua kapa ʻia kekahi tyrannosaurid o ʻAsia i kekahi pili kokoke loa o ka tarbosaurus - Zhuchengtyrannus, a hōʻike ʻia kahi tyrannosaurus e like me ka mea aʻe ma kahi kokoke i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological.

ʻO kahi wahi o ka tarbosaurus ma cladistic e pili ana i ka tyrannosaurus i ka makahiki 21, ua loaʻa nā kihi o ke kuamoʻo ʻana me nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomake o nā tyrannosaurids ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia. No ka mea, i kahi ʻatikala 2013 e nānā ana i ka ʻāina kahiko o Laramidia me ka pūnaewele o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā tyrannosaurids, ua manaʻo ʻia ua pālahalaha lākou ma Asia ma kahi nalu hoʻokahi - i ka manawa o ka wā o ka pae o ka honua i hāʻule ma ka hopena o ka mākeke Campanian. Ua ulu hou ka hoʻomakeʻa o nā tyrannosaurids ma ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia, a no laila ke kaʻoki nui nei ʻo tyrannosaurus i ka mamao e pili ana i kahi kikoʻī o ʻAsia. Tarbosaurus a Zhuchengtyrannus . ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka palapala aʻo 2016, ma waena o kāna mau mea kākau e hāpai nei i ka ʻikepili o ka pili kokoke loa o kahi tyrannosaurus a me kahi tarbosaurus, hōʻike mai ia o ia Tyrannosaurus rex he huaheleʻa ia o nā tyrannosaurids buta i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻAsia, i komo iā ʻAmelika a i hope ma hope - i ka hopena o ka wā Cretaceous, a ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa wale ai nā ʻano puaʻāina i loaʻa i ʻAmelika ʻAkela kahi i loaʻa ai nā tyrannosaurid ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻike a me ka inoa

I ka makahiki 1946, ʻo ka holomua o ka paleontological mongoli o ka Academy of Science o USSR i alakaʻi ʻia e I. A. Efremov i ke Gobi, i ka South Gobi aimak, loaʻa i kahi ʻihi a me kekahi mau vertebrae i ka Suite Namet. I ka makahiki 1955, ua wehewehe ʻo Soviet paleontologist E. A. Maleev i kēia mau ʻike i kahi holotype o nā ʻano mea i kākau ʻole ʻia ma mua, a hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka inoa ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus e hōʻike ana i kahi monghele lele. Baatar (ke kanaka koa Rūkia). Ma ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua wehewehe ʻo Maleev i nā ʻōpua nui a theropod i loaʻa i ka wā like o ka holo like ma 1948 a me 1949. Me kēlā me kēia mau ʻōlima, ua loaʻa nā ʻike ʻē aʻe o ka ʻūhā, a ua helu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻo Maleev ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ka kitapo mua Tarbosaurus efremovi - kahi inoa generic hou i loaʻa mai i ka huahelu Helene. τάρβος (Lūkini weliweli, hoʻohanohano) a me σαςος (Lūkini Lūkini), a me kekahi inoa kikoʻī i hāʻawi ʻia no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka Soviet paleontologist a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo science I. A. Efremov. ʻO ke koena o nā kalaiwa ʻelua i helu ʻia he mau mea hou o ka ʻano gen Gorgosaurus i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Haki (ma kēlā G. lancinator a G. novojilovi) ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau spimensia ma mua o ka mea mua.

I ka makahiki 1965, ua hoʻopuka ʻo A.K. Rozhdestvensky i kahi ʻatikala i hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano mea ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev, he mau ʻelima o ia ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ulu ulu ʻana. Wahi a Rozhdestvensky, ʻaʻole like kēia ʻano like me ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Tyrannosaurus rex. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia ʻike ʻana, no kēia Christmas i kuhikuhi i ka inoa Tarbosaurus bata, ʻaʻole i komo wale i nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1955, akā he mau mea hou nō hoʻi. Ma nā puke hope ma hope, e pili ana i ka hana a Maleev iā ia iho, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōlelo ʻo Rozhdestvensky i ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai inā makemake kekahi mau mea kākau e hoʻohana i kekahi inoa kuʻuna Tarbosaurus efremoviaka aole nae T. bataar . ^ E Ha yM. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1988, ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo Gregory S. Paul i nā dinosaur predatory. Tarbosaurus efremovi i ka ʻohana ʻO Tyrannosaurus . ^ E Ha yM. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loiloi hou ʻo ka paleontologist ʻAmelika Kenneth Carpenter i nā ʻikepili i noi ʻia e Rozhdestvensky a hiki i ka hopena ʻo nā fossil i mau nō nā mea kuʻi o ka genus. ʻO Tyrannosauruse ʻae nei me ka ʻimi mua a Maleev. ʻO ke kālai lāʻau i pili i nā ʻano ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus nā manawa āpau koe wale nō i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev e ʻO Gorgosaurus novojilovi. ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a Carpenter, ua kuhi ʻia kēia ʻōpana i kahi ʻano iwi liʻiliʻi o ka tyrannosaurids, āna i manaʻo ai e inoa Maleevosaurus novojilovi . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi ʻano mea hou i hōʻike ʻia ma ka 1995 e ka mea kalepona o paleontology George Olshevsky, nāna i noi i kahi inoa generic hou. Jenghizkhan (ma ka hoʻohanohano ʻo Genghis Khan) no Tarbosaurus bata, a ʻo ka tarozosaur Efremov a me ka Maleevosaurus Novozhilov i manaʻo ʻia he ʻelua mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, kahi hou o ka mua a no ka noho ʻana ma ka wahi like. Ua wehewehe hou ka wahine paleontologist ʻO Thomas Carr i ka Maleosaurus ma 1999 o kahi makahiki ʻo Tarbosaurus ʻōpio. Ma hope o 1999, wehewehe nā mea paʻi a pau i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano, i lalo o ka inoa Tarbosaurus bata a i ʻole ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus .

I ka makahiki 1963, hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi hele Polokala-Mongol i ka Gobi. I ka holo ʻana, kahi i hala a hiki i ka makahiki 1971, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena heʻe he nui, e komo pū ana me kekahi mau koina o ka tarboosaurs ma ka Nemaget Suite. ʻO ka holo ʻana o Iapana-Mongolia mai 1993 a 1998, a me ka holomua pilikino o kekahi poʻe paleontologist Kanaka ʻē aʻe ʻo Philip Curry, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 21, ua lawe mai nō hoʻi ia i nā ʻiwi iwi hou, i helu ʻia no ka tarbosaurs. I ka huina, ua loaʻa nā iwi nona ka mea he 30 mau spimensens, aia nō hoʻi ma luna o 15 mau ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala he nui.

Name ʻAna

Tarbosaurus (lat.Tarbosaurus, mai Helene hou τάρβος "hopohopo, kahi kumuhana o ka makaʻu" a σαῦρος "līkika") he henna o ke kanaka nunui (a hiki i 12 mau mika lōʻihi) ka nui o nā ʻohana nui o ka ʻohana tyrannosauridae i noho ma ka hope ʻo Cretaceous, ma kahi o 70-65 miliona mau makahiki i hala, ma ka ʻāina i kēia mau lā ʻo Mongolia a me Kina.

ʻIke ʻia mai ka makahiki 1946, ke koena o nā mau manawaleʻa he mau haneli he nui, me ka ʻūhā holoʻokoʻa a me nā ʻūhā, e ʻae iā mākou e hōʻoluʻolu i kona helehelena a kiʻi i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ola, a me ka hoʻopololei ʻana i kāna ʻōiwi. Mai 1955, i ka wā i kapa ʻia ai ka inoa Tarbosaurus Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia e E. A. Maleev, ua hāʻawi nā mea noiʻi i nā koina i loaʻa i kekahi mau inoa ʻano inoa. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia XXI i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻepekema kanā he kanalua o ke ʻano o hoʻokahi o kēia mau ʻano, Tarbosaurus bata (ka liʻiliʻi, ma muli o nā like like ʻole me nā tyrannosaurs ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua māhele ʻia lākou me ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus) ʻO nā hoahānau pili o nā tarbosaurus kekahi mau alioramas e ʻike ʻia ma Mongolia.

ʻO nā predator ka nui o nā Tarbosaurs e kaupaona ana he hiki i ka 4 tons, me ka mua e pili ana i nā forelimbs ʻelua mau lima e pili ana i ke koena o ke kino. Ma ke kaukani o nā niho nānake he 85 mm lōʻihi i loaʻa i ka waha o ka tarbosaurus. ʻOiai ke manaʻo nei kekahi nui o ka poʻe noiʻi, he mea hoʻohiki nā tarbosaur, ʻo ka manaʻo nui ka mea nui o lākou nā kaila mua o ko lākou wā a me ko lākou ʻāina, e ʻimi ana i nā dinosaurs nui e pili ana i nā kahe wai kahe.

Ka helu ʻana a me ka ʻauhau ʻauhau

No Tarbosaurus nā lālā subopods, kahi subfamily o nā tyrannosaurins o ka ʻohana tyrannosaurid. ʻO ka subfamily pū kekahi me ka tyrannosaurus ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me nā daspletosaurus mua, me ke aliorama i loaʻa i Mongolia. ʻIke kokoke nā poʻe o nā subfamily i ka tyrannosaurus ma mua o ka Albertosaurus, ʻike ʻia lākou e ka nui iki ʻana, ke ʻano nui a ʻehu nui a me nā propursally lōʻihi ma mua o nā ʻelele o ka subfamily lua - albertosaurus.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei kekahi poʻe noiʻi T. bataar me he ʻano lā o ka tyrannosaurs, ua haʻi ʻia kēia ʻano ʻike ma hope koke o ka loaʻa ʻana a me nā haʻawina hou. Ma ke ʻano nui, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo Ken Carpenter e like me ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻike, e like me nā tarbosaurs he liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke tyrannosaurs, a me nā ʻokoʻa āpau o ke ʻano o ka ʻūhā ma waena o ka tarbosaurus a me nā tyrannosaurus, ma kona manaʻo, ua hoʻokomo i ke ʻano o nā ʻano like o ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala i loko o nā ʻano. Tyrannosaurus rex . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe i ka pili o nā tarboosaurs i kahi ʻano kaʻawale ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai lākou e ʻike i ko lākou pilina pili pili me nā tyrannosaurs. Kūkulu ʻia ia mai kahi noi 2003 i ka alioramas, ka mea kaʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻūhā i hala i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka tyrannosaurins, e kokoke loa ana i nā tarbosaurs (ri Ke ʻano o nā ʻūlū). Inā i hōʻoia ʻia kēia kuhi, e hōʻike kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka tyrannosaurins i ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia i nā ala like ʻole a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka tarbosaurus me nā tyrannosaurs. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka mākona ʻike mua o nā alioramas, e like me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, he mau ʻōpio ʻōpio ia, ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he tarbosaur opio, ʻoiai he nui kāna mau niho (mai ka 76 i ka 78) a me kahi kaula paʻa o nā iwi tubercle ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka muzzle.

Moolelo o ka ʻike a me ka inoa Hoʻoponopono

I ka makahiki 1946, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻolekole paleontological mongoli o ka USSR Academy of Science, i alakaʻi ʻia e I. Efremov ma Gobi, Waimak Umnegov, he ʻaukā i nā ʻaukā a me kekahi mau vertebrae i loko o ka Nemaget suite. I ka makahiki 1955, ʻo ka paleontologist Soviet. Ua wehewehe ʻo A. Maleev i kēia mau ʻike i kahi holotype o nā ʻano mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua, nāna i hāʻawi i ka inoa ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus , he mea hoʻopunipuni ʻo Mongolia "Baatar" (Rus. kanaka koa) Ma ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua wehewehe ʻo Maleev i nā ʻōpua nui a theropod i loaʻa i ka wā like o ka holo like ma 1948 a me 1949. Me kēlā me kēia mau ʻōlima, ua loaʻa nā ʻike ʻē aʻe o ka ʻūhā, a ua helu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻo Maleev ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia ka kitapo mua Tarbosaurus efremovi - kahi inoa generic hou i loaʻa mai i ka huahelu Helene. τάρβος (Lūkia haipule, mahalo) a me σαῦρος (Lūkia Paulo), a me kekahi inoa i hāʻawi ʻia no ka hanohano o ka Soviet paleontologist a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo hanaʻike ʻo I. A. Efremov. ʻO ke koena o nā kalaiwa ʻelua i helu ʻia he mau mea hou o ka ʻano gen Gorgosaurus i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAmelika Haki (ma kēlā G. lancinator a G. novojilovi) ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau spimensia ma mua o ka mea mua.

I ka makahiki 1965, ua hoʻopuka ʻo A.K. Rozhdestvensky i kahi ʻatikala i hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano mea ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev, he mau ʻelima o ia ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka ulu ulu ʻana. Wahi a Rozhdestvensky, ʻaʻole like kēia ʻano like me ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelikaTyrannosaurus rex. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia ʻike ʻana, no kēia Christmas i kuhikuhi i ka inoa Tarbosaurus bata, ʻaʻole i komo wale i nā hōʻike i hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1955, akā he mau mea hou nō hoʻi. Ma nā puke hope ma hope, e pili ana i ka hana a Maleev iā ia iho, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻōlelo ʻo Rozhdestvensky i ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai inā makemake kekahi mau mea kākau e hoʻohana i kekahi inoa kuʻuna Tarbosaurus efremoviaka aole nae T. bataar . ^ E Ha yM. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1988, ua ʻōlelo hou ʻo Gregory S. Paul i nā dinosaur predatory. Tarbosaurus efremovi i ka ʻohana ʻO Tyrannosaurus . ^ E Ha yM. ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loiloi hou ʻo ka paleontologist ʻAmelika Kenneth Carpenter i nā ʻatikala i noi ʻia e Rozhdestvensky a hele mai i ka hopena manaʻo no ka poʻe i waiho wale ʻia nā mea o nā genus. ʻO Tyrannosauruse ʻae pū nei me nā ʻōlelo mua a Maleev. ʻO ke kālai lāʻau i pili i nā ʻano ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus nā manawa āpau koe wale nō i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev e ʻO Gorgosaurus novojilovi. ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a Carpenter, ua kuhi ʻia kēia ʻōpana i kahi ʻano iwi liʻiliʻi o ka tyrannosaurids, āna i manaʻo ai e inoa Maleevosaurus novojilovi . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi ʻano mea hou i hōʻike ʻia ma ka 1995 e ka mea kalepona o paleontology George Olshevsky, nāna i noi i kahi inoa generic hou. Jenghizkhan (ma ka hoʻohanohano ʻo Genghis Khan) no Tarbosaurus bata, a ʻo ka tarozosaur Efremov a me ka Maleevosaurus Novozhilov i manaʻo ʻia he ʻelua mau ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, kahi hou o ka mua a no ka noho ʻana ma ka wahi like. I ka makahiki 1999, ua wehewehe hou ka wahine paleontologist ʻO Thomas Carr i ka Maleosaurus i mea hoʻohālikelike o ka Tarbosaurus. Ma hope o 1999, wehewehe nā mea paʻi a pau i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano, i lalo o ka inoa Tarbosaurus bata kekahi ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus .

I ka makahiki 1963, hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi hele Polokala-Mongol i ka Gobi. I ka holo ʻana, ua kū a hiki i ka makahiki 1971, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena hou he nui, e komo pū ana me kekahi mau koina o ka tarboosaurs i ka Suite Nemagat. ʻO ka holo ʻana o Iapana-Mongolia mai 1993 a 1998, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka holomua ʻana o ke kanaka paleontologist Kanaka ʻē aʻe ʻo Philip Curry Philip J. Currie), i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia XXI e lawe mai i ka waiwai ʻōiwi hou, i helu ʻia no ka Tarbosaurs. I ka huina, ua loaʻa nā iwi nona ka mea he 30 mau spimensens, aia nō hoʻi ma luna o 15 mau ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala he nui.

Hoʻoponopono i nā hua ʻokoʻa

I ka makahiki 1976, ʻo ka paleontologist Soviet S. M. Kurzanov, e hoʻohana ana i nā koena kahiko, ua loaʻa nō hoʻi ma Mongolia, i wehewehe i kekahi ʻano ʻano hou o ka tyrannosaurids, Kauā Alioramus . ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope mai ke hōʻike ʻana i kahi pilina pili ma waena o ka aliorama a me ka tarbosaurus. ʻOiai ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ʻōpio, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka poʻe ʻōpio, ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo ai iā Curry e manaʻo wale nei ʻo Alioram he tarbozaur maikaʻi ʻole, akā ua ʻike pū ʻo ia i ka nui o nā niho a me ka hiki ʻana o nā iwi palu ma ka pūhaka o ka aliorama, ka mea e hiki ʻole ai i ka hana pono ʻole. Hoʻololi. Ma waena o ka makahiki 1960, ua ʻike nā paleontologists i loko o ka Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Subashi Formation) i nā koena (he kuli ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpū) o kahi moʻomeheu liʻiliʻi i loaʻa ka helu helu helu. IVPP V4878. I ka makahiki 1977, ua wehewehe ʻo China paleontologist ʻo Dong Zhiming i kēia loiloi he ʻelele o ke ʻano ʻano ʻano hou. ʻO Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis . ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1988, i ka hana a ka mea noiʻi ʻAmelika Gregory Paul, ua wehewehe ʻia ka chanchanosaurus ma ke ʻano he kuʻina o nā ʻano. Aublysodon (kekahi mau ʻano o ka tyrannosaurids, a haʻalele ʻia i waho mai ka typology ʻano biology), a laila Dun and Curry, hōʻike hou i nā koena o kahi shanshanosaur, hele mai i ka hopena pili no ka ʻāpana o ka tyrannosaurus nui, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā ʻano a lākou e kū hoʻokahi ai, ʻoiai ua helu ʻia ka tarbosaurus e like me hoʻokahi i nā mea i hiki aku, hele mai ka hui noiʻi Kepani-Mongolia i nā manaʻo like i 2011 ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i nā koena o kahi cub Tarbosaurus i kona mau makahiki 2-3 mau makahiki, he mau mea like nui me nā koena o ka Shanshanosaurus pa I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ʻia nā huaʻōlelo o nā tyrannosaurids ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka PRC, a ua hāʻawi ʻia he nui o lākou i ko lākou inoa iho e nā noiʻi kūloko, a me nā koena e wehewehe ʻia Albertosaurus periculosis, ʻO Tyrannosaurus luanchuanensis, ʻO nā turpanensis Tyrannosaurus a Chingkankousaurus fragilisnona paha nā tarboosaurs.

I ka makahiki 2009, ua ʻike ʻia nā koena o kahi dinosaur karnivorous, me ka ʻole he kuleana no ka tyrannosaurids, ua ʻike ʻia ma ka Gobi. I ka wā mua, ua wehewehe ʻia nā koena he tarbosaurus ʻōpiopio, akā ma hope ua ʻike ʻia no ka mea hou o ka dinosaur, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka dinosaur, raptorex, a i ʻōlelo ʻia i kahi wā o ka ʻāina geological - ʻo ia ka Cretaceous. I ka makahiki 2011, ua hōʻike kekahi hui o nā paleontologists ʻAmelika i nā hopena o kahi loiloi hou, e like me ka helu o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā iwi me ka huikau a noho mau ke koena i loko o ka ʻāpana o ka tyrannosaurid nui - paha he tarbosaurus.

Nānāua a me ke ʻano Hoʻoponopono

ʻO nā koena kaulana o ka tarbozavra, a me kekahi mau tyrannosaurids nui loa, he nui, a he nui ka poʻe o lākou e mālama pono nei.Ma ka Nemagate Suite wale nō, hoʻokahi hapaha o nā iwi āpau i ʻike ʻia ma muli o nā tarboosaurs. ʻO nā ʻūhā, nā ʻiwi a me nā iwi o nā mea kau ma ka wai kaupaona e hōʻike ʻia ana i nā kolamu o nā hale ma nā wahi a puni ka honua, e komo pū ana me nā kolamu o ka Paleontological Institute o ka Lūkini o ka'āina Lūkini a me ka Institute of Paleobiology o ka Polish Academy of Science ma Warsaw, ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Pūnaewele kūlohelohe a me ka Paleontological Museum of the Academy of Science of Mongolia i Ulaanbaatar (i Iune 2013 ua wehe ʻia kekahi hale kuʻuna waʻa ma ke kikowaena waena o Ulaanbaatar, kahi i hōʻikeʻike ʻia ai kahi kihi o ka tarboosaurus), ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ke Kānāwai ʻo Tokai (Japan's Prefecture, Iapana), a me ka National Museum of Natural History a ma Paris, a me Melbourne Museum (nā 'ōpio specimen). ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā tarboosaurs ma mua o nā tyrannosaurids o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua lawa nā mea i loaʻa no nā ʻepekema e hiki mai i nā manaʻo hoʻoholo o ko lākou mau kino.

ʻO ka nalowale i ka nui o nā tyrannosaurus, ʻo ka tarbosaurus kekahi o nā tyrannosaurids nui loa. Ua hiki i ka nui o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o 10 a 12 paha mika (paʻi a 1983 i ka lōʻihi o 14 mika). Kahi ʻia ka kino o ke kino o ka pākeke me ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka Tyrannosaurus rex (5.5-6 tons).

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ʻē ka Tyrannosaurids mai kekahi i kekahi i ka helehelena, a ʻo ka tarbosaurus ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa iki i kēia lula. Ua noho ke poʻo o ka tarbosaurus ma ka ʻāʻī S-ʻano like, a me ke koena o ka ʻai ʻai, me ka ʻili lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka tarbosaurus ma mua o ke koena o ke kino ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Ua loaʻa i nā manamana lima like mua, e like me nā mea like ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kekahi mau manamana lima, a ʻo kekahi mau spesi kekahi loaʻa kahi manamana ʻekolu me ka ʻole o ka māka. Ua hōʻike aku ʻo T. Holtz i ka hoʻoheʻe ʻia o nā manamana lima o ka tarbosaurus ma mua o nā tyrannosaurids ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi ka lua o ka metacarpal iwi o ka tarbosaurus ma mua o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he like like kēia mahele me kēia mau manawa 2: 1. ʻO ka iwi ʻākūkā o ka metacarpal o ka tarbosaurus ka mea i oi aku ka hapa ma mua o nā tyrannosaurids ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka mea mua, ʻoiai, no ka laʻana, i ka albertosaurus a me ka daspletosaurus ma mua o ka mea ma mua.

ʻAʻole like me ke alo, ʻo nā wāwae ʻālima o nā makaʻāina he lōʻihi a he ikaika loa, e lawe ana i ke kaumaha o ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Lawelawe ʻia ka huelo momona lōʻihi ma ke poʻo a me ka kala, a ʻo ke kikowaena o ka neʻe i loko o nā hope.

Kaumu ʻana o ke ʻaukā

ʻO ka puhaka nui loa o ka lālani tarbosaurus i loaʻa he 1,3 moka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā tyrannosaurus ʻē aʻe wale nō ke tyrannosaurus ponoʻī. Maʻa ka pale ʻana, e like me ka tyrannosaurus, akā ʻaʻole e pālahalaha, mahele nui i ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻO ka manaʻo ʻole o ka iwi pehu e hoʻonui i ke kua o ke poʻo i ka manaʻo o nā maka o ka tarbosaurus ʻaʻole i nānā pololei i mua a aia paha, ʻaʻole i like me ka tyrannosaurus, ʻaʻohe o ka maka bilocular. ʻO ka lehulehu o ka ʻuā o nā iwi i hōʻemi ʻia ma muli o nā puka makani nui (hamama) i nā iwi cranial. Aia nā niho 56-64 i nā ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā tyrannosaurus, akā ʻaʻole like ka nui o nā tyrannosaurids liʻiliʻi, e like me ka gorgosaurus a i ʻole ka alior. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā niho i ʻōhala ma ka paukū ʻaukā, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā niho semicircular i ka ʻāpana, aia ma ka premaxillary. ʻO ia heterodontism ʻano ʻano o ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā niho lōʻihi loa, a hiki i ka 85 milimita ka lōʻihi, aia i ke kahua o luna.

ʻO ka wehewehe mua holoʻokoʻa ʻana o ke ʻōpala o ka Tarbosaurus i hana ʻia i ka 2003. Ua huki ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi i ke kaona o ka skull of the tarbosaurus a me ʻAmelika tyrannosaurids ʻAmelika, a he nui o kēia mau ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hoʻomāhele ʻia ʻana o ke kaomi ma waena o ka ʻōpala i ka manawa o ka pōʻai. I ka manawa o ka pīhoihoi, ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kaʻe ma luna o ka iwi ʻāʻī o nā iwi ʻala o ke kīwī. I ka manawa like, i nā tyrannosaurids ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua lawe ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ukana ma ka iwi ʻalihi o nā iwi nasal i kūʻai ʻia ma nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe, paʻa pono ʻia e nā iwi lacrimal me nā alahaka iwi, ua pili pono nā iwi i nā haka e hoʻopili i ke neʻe ʻana ma o nā iwi nasal i ka lacrimal . ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa like, ua nalowale kēia mau hao bony i ka Tarbosaurus, a ʻo ka pilina ma waena o nā iwi ihu a me nā iwi lacrimal i maʻemaʻe. Ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole like ka tarbosaurus, ʻaʻole i like me ka tyrannosaurids ʻAmelika Hema, i loaʻa kahi pakanui nui i hoʻomālaʻi ʻia i ka iwi ā luna, i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka "pihi" i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka iwi lacrimal. Pēlā ka mea, ke hoʻopili pololei ʻia nei ke kaomi o ka pōpoki mai ka iwi kiʻekiʻe i ka iwi lacrimal o ka tarbosaurus. I ka huli ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā iwi lacrimal o ka Tarbosaurus ma mua o kēlā mau hoahānau pili ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, i pili i ka iwi mua a me mua, me ka hana hou ʻana i ka iwi āpau ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka ikaika.

ʻO kekahi ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka Tarbosaurus a me nā tyrannosaurids ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ka mea ʻoi loa ka kūkulu ʻana o ka iwi haʻahaʻa. ʻOiai i ka nui o nā theropod, e pili pū ana i ka tyrannosaurids o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka iwi o ka iwi o nā iwi a me nā iwi o ka iwi i lalo o ka iwi, a ʻo ka ʻū o lalo o ka tarbosaurus e ʻike ʻia e ka laka paʻa ʻana i hana ʻia e ka māhaka o ka iwi ma ka iwi ʻula a me ka ʻaoʻao o ka hope o ka iwi niho anterior. Aia ke kahakaha e like me ka ikaika nui o ka iwi ʻākau o ka tarbosaurus ma muli o ka nui o ka sauropods, titanosaurs, nā iwi hoʻi i loaʻa i ka suʻo Namegat i lawelawe ʻia. Nā mōlia like ʻole Herbivorous o ka like like me ka hana ma ka ʻAmelika Hema ma ka Late Cretaceous.

ʻO ke ʻano kūikawā o ka iwi ʻikepili he hana pū i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi o ka tarbosaurus ma ka biology typology. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona like i ka ʻūhā o ke aliorama, i loaʻa hoʻi ma Mongolia, kahi e hōʻike nei ʻo ia ka alirama, ʻaʻole ka tyrannosaurus, ʻo ia ka hoahānau e pili kokoke ana i ka tarbosaurus. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona like ma ka hiʻohiʻona o ka tarbosaurus a me ka tyrannosaurus i hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa, me kahi hopena kūpono o ko lākou nui nui, a he kumu hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana.

Tarbosaurus ma ka Hoʻoponopono ʻAiwi

I ka hopena o ka kenekulia 20, me ka hiki ʻana o nā ʻenehana kamepiula hou, ua hiki ke hana i nā ʻano kūlohelohe kūlohelohe o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o nā holoholona lōʻihi a i ʻole e noho ana ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻenehana i ka mīkini kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ʻo nā dinosaur kekahi o nā mea mua i "animate". Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi ʻekolu o ka tarbosaur ma kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā pāʻani kamepiula:

I ka 2003, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo BBC i ka palapalaʻauhau "Ma ka ʻāina o nā Repaima." Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni - "Giant Claw", e haʻi ana e pili ana i ka dinosaur Cretaceous o Mongolia.
I ka makahiki 2006, i Kelemānia, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ka hui Keleman SEK i ka pāʻani ʻo ParaWorld. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus i kahi hoʻohui hoʻohui boosterpack.
Ma ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua "The Ballad of the Tarbosaurus [d]" ("Tarbosaurus the Mightiest Ever"). Hoʻokele ʻo Han Sangho, EBS, Korea.
Ma 2012, lilo ʻo Tarbosaurs i ka protagonists o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "Tarbosaurus 3D" ("Jeombaki: Hanbandoeui Gongryong 3D"), i hana ʻia e ka luna hoʻomalu ma South South.

E huli ka mōʻaukala

Tarbosaurus Holotype PIN 551-1

I Kepakemapa 1946, ka mea mua o ka Sovietedontontological expeditions o ka USSR Academy of Science ua ʻike i ka ʻolipoli a me kekahi helu kūlou o ka limu i ka nui o ka dinosaur karnivorous nui i nā kaikuahine ʻo Cretaceous nui o ka Nemegt ʻaoʻao hema o ka Desiana Gobi. ʻO ka moʻolelo kupaianaha loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mea nāna ka mea nāna i hana kēia mea wehewehe ʻia e Ivan Efremov i kāna puke 1955 "Wind Road": ". A hala nā lā ʻelima he piʻi mau i ka piʻi ʻana ma luna o nā pali a hiki i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā iwi. Ma hope o ke kanikau ʻana o Orlov ma ukaʻi i ke kaʻe o ka nui o nā kaona i kau ʻia nei i nā kao nui a ʻelua mau wāwae - he tyrannosaurus rex, ʻike mākou i ʻike ʻia kekahi mau iwi i ola i ka paia kolo. ʻO ke kuʻikuʻu me nā ʻāpana o ke konglomerula ua kūleʻa paʻa loa, akā hoʻomau mau mākou iā ia. He pale ʻopala piha, vertebrae, ʻāʻī a me nā niho o kahi predator nui me nā iwi keʻokeʻo o ka mālama maikaʻi loa i wehe ʻia. Pihi kēia ʻihi i ke keena o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Paleontological o ka ʻIla ʻepekema. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea kipa o ka poʻe malihini kipa i ka mōʻī nui i ka nui o ke hoʻoikaika e hoʻoneʻe i kēia ʻōpala i ka poʻe ʻike o Namagat. "ʻO ka ʻōpū ʻōpala o kahi kīhāpai ʻano momona me kahi ihu ʻoihana, he saurolophus, kahi i mālama pono ʻia ai kāna mau ʻelima mau haneli.

ʻO nā hana hoʻowalewale i lawe ʻia e ka Soviet-Mongolian paleontological expedition i ka makahiki 1948-1949 ma ka ʻāina ʻo Gobi, ua alakaʻi i nā koena o nā ʻōpū o nā mōnani nui. Loaʻa nā mau koena he nui ma ka kahua ʻo Tsagan-Ula, ma kahi o 60 km ma ke komohana o ka wahi o Nemegt. I Mei 1948, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui kūwaho Soviet-Mongolia i ka Wao Gobi i kahi ʻōpala nui theropod:

"." No laila, ma ka lā 8 Mei, ua noho ko mākou holo ʻana i loko o ka Nemagata Basin, ua nalowale i nā kahawai o ka South Gobi i waena o nā mea ulu o Gobi Altai. Ma ka lā 9 Mei, ua hauʻoli ʻo Jan Martynovich Eglon i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huina piha piha o ka dinosaur predatory nui. ʻO ka makamua loa kēia i ʻike ʻia. I ke kakahiaka, ua hele nā limahana me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana iā Lukyanova lāua ʻo Presnyakov i ka wahi i loaʻa ai kahi kākena kōpala i loaʻa iā Jan Martynovich a kāhea koke ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Eglon skeleton". Hoʻomaka nā limahana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kāʻei. Ua puka mai ka mea wao weliweli i ka manawa Cretace ma mua o ko mākou mau maka, e waiho ana ana i kāna "pōhaku" kupapaʻu no 80 miliona mau makahiki a hoʻokahi mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ola āpau. ʻO ka kolohe he 10 paha lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Hola ae la oia ma kona aoao, me he mea la e paa ana i kona mau wawae hema malalo iho ona a e hoihoi ana i kona poo i hope, a i ole ka ulia. ʻAno nui ka nui i hala (ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mika), e hōʻike ana i kahi mea kaua ikaika no ka hoʻouka ʻana, a i ʻike ʻia e nā niho nunui 20-centimeter e noho ana.

ʻO ka ʻōwili ʻo Tarbosaurus PIN 553-1

ma nā kihi o nā ʻūhā. Kēia mana pono e hoʻonā me ka ankylosaurs pale kaua a me ka mālama pū ʻia i nā pūlou pūlima. Me ka puʻe nui o ka tarbosaurus, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kohu piha ʻole o kahi "pēpē" e pili ana i hoʻokahi mika. Ua like ʻo ia me ka wīwī o ka iwi o nā iwi loea, e like me nā kūpuna o nā umbozaur e like me nā kūpuna.

Ma ka la 20 o Mei, hoʻouna ʻo Efremov iā Rozhdestvensky no ka ʻike maka ʻana ma ke komohana o Nemagatu, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Altan-Ula. ʻO ke alanui ka mea i paʻakikī ai ka paʻakikī, ma ka waena loa, ua hoʻokela ka hui i nā puʻu kahawai i ka pali o Altan-Ula: ". Ma ka puka kokoke loa i ʻike koke ʻia aku ʻelua mau kihi o ka pahu tarbozavrov. Ua hui palapa ʻia nā iwi a ua hiolo i kekahi hapa o lākou, akā naʻe, ua hoʻokō mākou i kekahi mau iwi o ka mālama maikaʻi. ʻO kēia kahi makana mua loa no kā mākou ʻeha hōʻeha. Maanei ua ʻike mākou i ka nui o nā lāʻau petrified e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau ʻoihana e like me nā ʻehā puaʻa. Ua hala mākou i ka pō kokoke, e hoʻokele ana i kekahi mau mile ma ke komohana, a i ke kakahiaka ma nā pali kokoke loa i ʻike mākou i ka ʻai o kahi dinosaur predatory nui. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ua hele ka hohonu o ka vertebrae i ka ʻōpala a ua hana mākou i eli, a i ʻole e hoʻokani wale aku i ka 18 caudal vertebrae mai ka pā o ka umauma. "." (A.K. Rozhdestvensky, "I ka huli ʻana o nā Dinosaurs i ka Gobi," 1969.)

I ka makahiki 1955, ua wehewehe ʻo paleontologist Evgeny Maleev i kahi maʻa ʻūlū (PIN 551/1) ma lalo o kahi maka hou o kahi tyrannosaurus ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua wehewehe ʻo Maleev a kapa i ia mau huaʻāina hou ʻekolu, ua pili ʻia kēlā me kēia me ke koʻī i ke koʻepau i ʻike ʻia ma ka huakaʻi like i ka makahiki 1948-1949, ka mea mua o lākou (PIN 551-2) i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa Tarbosaurus efremovi, he mea nui loa ia me ka nui o ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 10-12 mika, akā e haʻahaʻa loa i ka nui Tyrannosaurus rex. ^ E Ha yM. Ua kiʻi ʻia kekahi mau ʻōkuhi ʻenemi ʻelua no ke ʻano lāʻau hou a hāʻawi ʻia i ke gorgosaurus ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Hema. G. novojilovi (ka ʻola PIN 552-2), 5-6 mau lōʻihi a G. lancinator (e hoʻohuli iā PIN 553-1), me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi he 9 mau mika. I ka 1965 A.K. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻo Rozhdestvensky i nā koina āpau o Maleev i nā ʻano ulu like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole, he ʻano like ia me ka T-rex ʻĀkau ʻAmelika a ua wehewehe i kā lākou ʻano male he ʻano nui Tarbosaurus bata - "he pangolin makee."

ʻO nā koho inoa Tarbosaurus

I ka makahiki 1992, ua manaʻo ʻo Kenneth Carpenter he mau ʻokoʻa ʻole ka tarbosaurus mai nā tyrannosaurus a hoʻihoʻi i kona inoa kumu. ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus, ʻo kekahi o nā helu liʻiliʻi i hōʻike ʻia e Maleev ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka ʻO Gorgosaurus novojilovihīmeni ʻo ia i kāna ʻano ʻano Maleevosaurus. ^ E Ha yM. I 1995, ua noi ʻo George Olszewski i kāna hui ʻana, e hoʻopiʻi ana i kahi inoa hou "Jenghizkhan" (Genghis Khan) ma kahi o ʻO ke keiki keiki ʻo Tyrannosaurus a Tarbosaurus efremovi me Maleevosaurus novojilovi e like me ka genera kūʻokoʻa o ka dinosaur predatory mai ka hoʻokumu Nemegt.

Nā ʻōpala ʻo Tarbosaurus i loaʻa e ka Polenekia mokulele

I ka makahiki 1963-1971, ua hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi nui o Polani-Mongoli, e hāʻawi ana i ka nui o nā mea hou, e komo pū ana me ka hapa nui loa ZPALMgD - I / 4 mai ke Institute of Paleobiology ma Warsaw, i loaʻa i ka 1964-65. Kuhi ʻia ka lōʻihi o kēia ʻōpala i 110 cm.MC-D 107/2, ka nui o ka pākeke pākeke nui ʻia me ka ʻōpio o 122 cm, ua ʻike ʻia e ka huakaʻi Kepani-Mongolia i ka makahiki 1984 a i wehewehe ʻia e Kenett Carpenter a me Philip Curry ma 2000. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia kuʻina ma ka ʻike kuʻuna ʻepekema ʻo GIN 107/2, ka pōkole o kēia santena (e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe i waiho ʻia ma ka GIN), i hoʻololi ʻia e MPC ma hope o ke kau ʻia i ka Paleontological Center Mongoli (MPC) i ka makahiki 1996.

ʻO Tarbosaurus spesimen MPC-D 107/2 i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Paleontological o Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Hoʻolālā me ka komo ʻana o nā ʻepekema ʻepepila a me loko o 1993 a me 1998, a me nā holomua pilikino i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka paleontologist o Kanada ʻo Phil Curry i ka manawa o ke kenekulia 21, ʻike a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā mea he 30 mau ʻoniʻoni o ka tarbosaur, e komo ana ma luna o 15 mau ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala he pau. Mai ka makahiki 1999, ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike āpau i pili i nā ʻano like ʻole ʻo Tarbosaurus bata. ʻO ka pehu o ka Tarbosaurus i wehewehe piha i ka 2003, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano nui ma waena o ka Tarbosaurus a me nā tyrannosaurus mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻIke ʻia ka Tarbosaurus mai nā puna fossil i mālama ʻia, hoʻokahi hapa hapakahi o nā pua āpau i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Nemegt nona ka Tarbosaurus.

Nā ʻeletlelo o kahi ʻōpio Tarbosaurus ʻōpio (MCD-D 107/7)

I ka makahiki 2006, i ka wā o ka paleontological prospecting ma ke komohana o ka Desiana Gobi, i lawe ʻia e ka hui mua ʻana o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Japanese Japanese of Natural Science Hayashibara a me ka Paleontological Mongoli, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pōpō lohi - kahi ʻōpua piha piha o kahi tarbosaurus ʻōpio. Ma hope o ka noi lōʻihi ʻana e kekahi pūʻulu paleontologists mai Iapana, Mongolia a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hōʻike lākou i kā lākou loaʻa ʻana ma ka hopena o Mei 10 o ka nūpepa Vertebrate Paleontology. No ka poʻe paleontologists Takanobu Zuihiji a me Mahito Wataba me nā hoa hana, maʻalahi ka ʻike o nā ʻōpala tarbosaurus ʻōpio, ʻo ka tarbosaurus wale nō ka tyrannosaurus nui i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka papalaka e loaʻa ai ka iwi i ka hanana lāloko o Bugin Tsav, ʻo ia wale nō ʻo tyrannosaurus i noho i ka manawa like, mai 70 miliona a 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala. , - ʻokoʻa ʻo Alioramus, he ʻokoʻa ʻē a anatomically. Ua loaʻa i nā mea hou he 13 mau niho ma ka ʻaoʻao nui o ka iwi kuahiwi, i hui pū ʻia me 14 a 15 mau niho i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka iwi haʻahaʻa, aia i ka ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole ma Tarbosaurs makua. ʻOiai he like ʻole ko kēia ʻano he pālua, ko nā niho tyrannosaurus kekahi o nā ala nui e hoʻokaʻawale i nā paleontologists ma waena o nā ʻano, a i kekahi manawa ma waena o nā pākeke a me nā wai keu o nā ʻano like. ʻO kēia manaʻo, kuhi ʻia ma lalo o ka helu MCD-D 107/7, ʻo 2 a 3 wale nō paha nā makahiki he nui, i ka manawa e make ai, hiki i ka lōʻihi o kāna uhai i 290 mm. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻuā a nā mākua, ua ʻōwili ka wili a ke olonā, ʻike iki nā maka he nui, a he lahilahi nā niho, e hōʻike ana i nā makemake like ʻole o ka ʻai i nā wā ʻōpio a me nā pākeke, kahi i hoʻemi ʻia nā hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā hui like ʻole.

Eia kekahi, ua like kēia ʻano hou me kēia ʻāpana ʻili i wehewehe ʻia i ka makahiki 1977 ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo "Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis", e hōʻike ana ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o ka Tarbosaurus.Ma muli o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ka mea maʻamau, ʻo kekahi o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pelekane dinosaur partial mai China, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka pae kūpono ʻia i kūpono. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hou o ka waiʻo Tarbosaurus ʻano hanana leʻaleʻa maoli. ʻAʻole wale ka mea hoʻolilo i hāʻawi aku i ka paleontologists me kahi nānā piha i kahi kikoʻī i ka manawa i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka Tarbosaurus, hiki i kēia kuhi hou ke ola hou i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hanana ulu o nā tyrannosaurs a me nā mea ʻē aʻe maopopo ʻole, e like me nanothyran a me raptorex. ʻAʻole wale nā kope liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpio i nā pākeke, nā tyrannosaurs nui o ka hope o ka Cretaceous ma ke ʻano he nui ʻana, akā, ka laina maikaʻi ma waena o nā koena o kēia mau kahelehele a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole o nā ʻano puʻupaʻa mau nō ka hopena o ka noiʻi.

Nā ʻōpū a me nā hōʻailona

Tarbosaurus bataar (Maleev, 1955) - ʻano nānā

Tyrannosaurus bataar (Maleev, 1955)
Tarbosaurus efremovi (Maleev, 1955)
Gorgosaurus novojilovi (Maleev, 1955)
Gorgosaurus lancinator (Maleev, 1955)
Maleevosaurus novojilovi (Kalaiwa, 1992)
Jenghizkhan bataar (Olshevsky, 1995)
Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis (Dong, 1977)

Ke kiʻi nei i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni

I loko o kā BBC kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Ma ka ʻāina o nā kanaka Giants. Giant Claw"

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia kiʻi ma 2000. Ke hālāwai nei ʻo Nigel i kahi tarbosaur e hele mai ana i waho o nā kumulāʻau a ʻōlelo aku e pale i ke kāmera. Ma hope mai, hakakā ka tarbosaurus me ka teresinosaurus herbivorous a lanakila nō.

I loko o kā BBC kiʻiʻoniʻoni "The Truth About Killer Dinosaurs"

Tarbosaurus a me Wanker

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kiʻi i ka makahiki 2005. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Tarbosaurus ma ka lua o ke kaua a kāʻili i ka wī (kapa ankylosaurus). Eia naʻe, lanakila ʻo ia a ʻoki i kahi iwi.

I ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Tarbosaurus 3D"

Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kiʻi ma 2012. Ua hānau ʻia kahi pēpē ʻōpio ma kahi ʻohana o ka tarbozaurs. Ua makemake nui ʻo ia e hele i kaʻai. Eia naʻe, ʻo Mom, ʻo 10 mau kaikaina a me 10 kona mau māhoe makahiki 6, ʻaʻole ia e lawe me ia. Akā ʻo ia ua hōʻoia hope loa i kona makuahine e lawe iā ia. Akā i kēia lā, ua luku ʻia kona ʻohana e ka mea hoʻokalakupua nui i ka maka hoʻokahi. Ua "ʻaui ʻo ia" i ka wikiwiki, a ua haki nā pupu pēpē i ka hohonu. ʻO kona makuahine maka maka hoʻokahi i lele i loko o ka hohonu. Ua waiho wale ʻia ke keiki a hiki i kekahi lā hui ʻo ia i ka wahine ʻo Sineglazka. Mai ia manawa, kaua pū lāua i ke ola a hoʻokahi ka wā o ka lele ʻana i ka maka hoʻokahi. Akā ma kēlā lā hauʻoli, i ka hū ʻana o ʻekolu o lākou, ua ala aʻe ka lua pele a ua ʻā ka lāʻau i ke ahi. Ua hele nā dinosaur a pau e ʻimi i kahi wahi hou. Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maka uliuli, a kokoke i make nā cubs ma lalo o nā pōhaku. ʻElua mau pule ma hope iho, make ʻo Sineglazka, a ua kaua aku ʻo Spotted me nā haneli o nā Velociraptors. ʻElua mau pule ma hope aku, ua puka mai kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka nahele ma ka lele. Akā aia he kai ma mua. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua pili kaththus liʻiliʻi i ka ulu lāʻau.

Akā, ʻaʻole ʻike. Ua komo pū ka dinosaurs i ka ʻāina o ka maka o One-eyed. I kēia manawa he 20 mau makahiki ʻo Spotted ke hakakā me ka ʻenemi kahiko. ʻO kahi keiki hānai hoʻokahi i hoʻolei i nā mania i loko o ke kai. I ka hopena hope, hāʻule kahi One-eyed i ke kai a ke makemake nei e pepehi i ka mea ola wale nō ʻo Junior. Akā, e hoʻolei ʻo Spotty iā ia iho i loko o ka fray. Ma ke kahe ʻana ma lalo o ka wai, a ʻauʻau tylosaurs i ka ʻoni o ke koko a hopu i ka maka-hoʻokahi. ʻSki ka ʻōpū i ka ʻili a pūpū ʻo ia i loko o kona waha. I ka hopena, ua hoʻolale ʻia ka wahi ʻalupalu e nānā i uka. Manaʻo ʻo Quetzalcoatl i kahi ʻuʻewa, akā "ʻo ka" kino "wehe i kona waha a hāʻule i ka ola ola. ʻAʻohe nō hoʻi ke kālai ʻia. Hele lākou i ka nahele.

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