Leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio - nā kikoʻi o ka maʻi * Manaʻo

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ʻEptlelo Leptospirosis (ʻO ka maʻi Weil, nā maʻi āpau) - ka mea maʻi maalea, he zooanthroponic maʻi o kahi ʻano hopohopo, ka mea i kūloi ʻia e ka hemorrhagic i hōʻeha ʻia i ka ate, nā kīʻaha koko, nā ʻōpū, a me nā ʻōnaehana kino. Hōʻike ka leptospirosis e ke piʻi wikiwiki i ke kauwela, ke aʻeha, ke kuhiʻole i ka hana ʻana o ka digestive tract, anemia. Hoʻomaʻama pinepine ʻia nā mau hewa i ka hana o ke ʻōnaehana kūloko. He wahiʻino no nā kānaka, nā ʻano momi manu (nā ʻīlio, nā pōpoki, nā holoholona hihiu), nā mea kanu manu, nā ʻano like ʻole o nā rodents, nā manu.

Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ʻīlio āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i ka makahiki. Leptospirosis e pōʻino loa i ka ʻōpio ʻōpio, nā pēpē ma muli o ka make piha ʻole i loko, a me nā hanauna a me nā ʻano kīwaha (boxer, French, English Bulldog, Cane Corso, Bullmastiff, Shar Pei, Bloodhound, Basset Hound). He paʻakikī paʻakikī ka Leptospirosis e mālama i ka hapanui o nā maʻi, inā ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia nā hana kūpono, e make ana. Hiki ke loaʻa paha ka prognosis kūpono i ka hihia kūpono, a me ke koho pono ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka maʻi

Hiki i nā mammals ke loaʻa leptospirosis a hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO nā kiʻi a me nā kaole he pōpilikia koʻikoʻi i kēia. Hoʻokahi ʻia, lilo lākou no ke ola e hoʻolalaha ʻia kēia maʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻia kahi kanaka ma o ka meaʻai ma muli o ka pili ʻana me nā ʻīlio hou ʻia a maʻi hou ʻia paha.

ʻO nā kumuwaiwai o nā maʻi he pathogens leptospira. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i loko o kekahi mau lā o ke ʻano o leptospira i loko o ke kino o kahi mamalia. Hoʻonui nui a hiki ʻo Bacteria ma waena o ke kino, ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ke ala o ke kū ʻana o nā maʻi.

Ma hope o ka komo ʻana i nā tubule epithelial renal, ʻoi ka nui o ka māhele ʻana o nā cell bacteria. Make nā koko koko ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka maʻi maʻi, hoʻomaka ka anemia. Hoʻākoakoa ka ʻili puaʻa bilirubin - e hōʻoki ana ka maʻi i nā huaʻolima, e hele ana i ka ʻomo icteric. ʻO kahi holoholona i loaʻa ʻole i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hakakā ai i ka maʻi ua make mai ka hana hope ʻole.

ʻEnologi

Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kumu kumu o ka leptospirosis a wehewehe ʻia e nā mea noiʻi o Iapana i 1914. I ka wā mua, ua ʻike ʻia lākou i kaocochetes, ma hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope aku, i loko o ka papa o spirochete, kahi ʻohana kūʻokoʻa o Leptospiraceae a me ka ʻano gen Leptospira (Leptospira) i hoʻoholo no lākou.

Loaʻa i nā huakaʻi pathogenic kahi elongated lōʻihi kino i loko o kahi kuʻuna. Hōʻalo pinepine nā hope o ke kino e like me ka leka "C". ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka 6-20 microns, ka mānoanoa he 0.1 microns. ʻO ke kāʻei kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaona mikrosopopō e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki o ke kino ma hope o ka maʻi ʻana.

Nui nā ʻano o nā maʻi leptospira. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka mea āpau i nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. I kekahi mau mea i ka leptospira i kuhihewa: ʻaʻole hewa lākou i ke olakino o kā lākou mau mea lawe, akā i ka manawa i komo ai lākou i loko o ke kino o kekahi holoholona, a i ʻole kekahi kanaka, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou pathogenic ʻano.

ʻO nā maʻi ʻīlio ka hopena o nā ʻano ʻelua: Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae a me Leptospira canicolau. Ke ola nei nā Bacteria ma ka hele ʻana i ke kaiapuni. I nā loko wai, nā puddles, i ka lepo lepo, hiki iā lākou ke noho no kekahi mau mahina.

I ka manawa pinepine, hiki i ka ʻīlio ke hele pū me ka leptospirosis ma hope o ka inu a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i loko o ka pā i hoʻopili ʻia.

ʻO nā mea pedigree Leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, he mau koʻikoʻi. Līlio ka ilio e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka launa pū me ka wai i loaʻa i ka urine urine a i ʻole ma o nā kiʻi kahe a me nā kiʻi. ʻO ka Leptospirosis, i loaʻa ma o nā huakini o kēia ʻano, aneane hōʻoia e alakaʻi i ka jaundice.

ʻO nā hōʻailona o Leptospirosis ma kahi ʻīlio ulu mālie. Kū ka holoholona i ka mahana. Ua inu pinepine ka ʻīlio a piolo pinepine. I kona waha, ʻike ʻia nā ʻūhā ma ka lelo. Hoʻomaka ka maʻi me ke koko a me ka luaʻi, ʻike ʻia nā jaundice. Pīpī ka ʻīlio, ʻike a luhi ʻo ia i ka ʻeha o ka naʻau.

Leptospirosis i lawe ʻia e nā ʻano Leptospira canicolau ʻokoʻa mai ka ʻano like mua i kahi papa hoʻohaʻawale ʻana, ʻaʻole i ʻole a nāwaliwali palupalu paha o ka jaundice. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻo ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi ma o ka ʻīlio o nā ʻīlio hou paha i hoʻihoʻi.

Nā kumu kiʻi o ka maʻi

Hiki i nā ʻīlio olakino ke maʻi ʻia i ka leptospirosis ma ka inu ʻana i ka wai mai nā puddles a ʻohi ana i ka meaʻai mai ka lepo. Pākuʻi me nā mea i waiho ai nā holoholona maʻi i ka wai a i ʻole ka urine hiki ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka holoi ʻana i loko o nā loko a me nā loko wai e hoʻoweliweli ai ka neʻe ʻana o ka leptospira mai ka wai a ke kino o ka ʻīlio. ʻAʻole haʻalele i nā Veterinarians ka hopena o ka maʻi ma o nā ʻili o ka fleas a me nā ʻōpio.

Hoʻouna ka maʻi i loko o nā membrane mucous i hōʻino ʻia, nā ʻōpū o kekahi ʻano ma ke kino a i loko o ka ʻeha gastrointestinal. ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi maʻi a me nā maʻi ma o ka ʻōpū o ka hanu. Nūhou kanikau leptospirosis maileakā ʻaʻole lākou e pale i ka hiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana.

Kūleʻa ka hopena o ka maʻi ma nā ʻīlio me nā ʻōnaehana pale maʻi impaired, ka mea i piha ai, me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā hana maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia nā holoholona alanui, hana ʻino ʻole ʻia, i ka ʻike me nā rodents. Loaʻa i nā ʻīlio noho e noho ana ma nā ʻāina kahiki ʻoi aku ka maʻi ma mua o nā ʻīlio kūlanakauhale.

ʻO ka maʻi pūpū he 2 mau pae: ka maʻi pāpaʻi a me nā huʻi. I ka hana mua, komo ka leptospira i ke kahe koko, hoʻonui a pālahalaha aku i nā ʻōnaehana o ka kao, hele i nā ʻalā, nā pēpē a me nā kino o ka parenchymal.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papa hana ʻelua e hōʻike ʻia e ka lysis (decay) o ka leptospira me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka endotoxins. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o nā toxins nā huakaʻi epithelial vascular. I ka hopena, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka kū pololei o nā capillaries. Hoʻomaka ka hila o nā maʻi maʻi kūloko.

ʻO nā pipi e hūnā ʻia e leptospira e luku i nā moku liʻiliʻi o nā kino o loko. Hōʻike nā pūnaewele o ka necrosis i loko o nā aʻalolo, hoʻomaka ka momona momona i loko o ke ate, nā hemorrhages e tupu i ka pōpoki. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona o ka jaundice.

Nā membrane maemae pālua o ka waha a me nā maka e hōʻike i ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis

Ma kahi hebedoma ma hope o ke ʻano o ka maʻi maʻi, kahi ʻīlio maʻi maʻi maʻi me ka wai paʻakai a me ka lawena e hoʻomaka ana e pālahalaha leptospira, e lilo ana i kumu o ka maʻi. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic hiki i nā mau hebedoma a i hala paha makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka holoholona. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka ʻīlio.

Ke mālama nei i nā ʻīlio maʻi a me nā ʻīlio, pono e mālama ʻia nā kaʻi palekana: e hoʻohana i nā kūlima, nā mea hōʻihoʻi i nā mea āpau, nā mea waiwai e loaʻa ai ke koko, a me ka ʻīlio excreta. Pono e nānā ka mea nona ka holoholona i ko lākou kūlana hou. Inā makemake ʻoe e kūleʻa ana, e ʻimi i nā ʻōlelo lapaʻau.

Pehea a ma kahi e maʻa ai ka ʻīlio

Hiki i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi lepona ka hopena aʻe:

I ka hui me kahi holoholona maʻi.
Ma o ka ʻai, ka wai, nā mea hana, nā mea home.
Ke holo ʻoʻau i loko o ka loko i hoʻoulu ʻia me nā maʻi.
Ma o nā kakili o nā ʻīki a me nā mea hihiu hānai koko.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā kino o nā holoholona, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i ke kō hale no ke ola ʻana o ka maʻi.
Na ka pliono mai ka makuahine a hiki i ka pipi, a me ka waiū ma o ka wā hānai.

Ke hoʻomau ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona, hoʻomāhuahua ka pilikia o ka laha ʻana o nā maʻi. ʻO nā loko me nā wai kūlohelohe, a me nā pōhulu ululāʻau, he pōʻino loa lākou no nā ʻīlio, no ka mea, hiki i nā huakini ke ola i ka papa 200-220 mau lā i ka ʻona kai. Hoʻoholo ʻia e wehe i ka wai a me ka inu wai i nā holoholona mai ia mau mea i mea e pale ai i ka maʻi maʻi.

Hoʻokomo ka leptospirosis no nā kānaka

He ʻona ʻo Leptospira ʻaʻole wale no nā holoholona, akā no nā kānaka. I kēia mea, i ka wā e ʻike ai i nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis i kahi ʻīlio, pono kekahi o nā ʻōhua palekana.

Ke mālama nei i ka holoholona maʻi, pono e hoʻohana i nā lako pale, no ka laʻana, mittens.
Hoʻopili a mālama i ka wahi o nā holoholona ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi.
Hoʻohui i ka pili me kahi holoholona maʻi.

Hoʻokahi ʻia nā kumumana mai ke kino o kekahi holoholona me ka lawaiʻa, nā moʻo, a me ke koko. He mea nui e kāpae i kā lākou pilina me ka ʻili inā e loaʻa nā hōʻeha (ʻokiʻoki, keʻoki, nā hōʻeha). Me ke ʻano lāʻau kūpono o ka maʻi, hiki i ka mea maʻi ke tūtū i ka euthanasia.

Nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio

Ke komo nei ka leptospira i ke kino, pilikia ke ʻōnaehana koko, gastrointestinal tract, a me ka ʻōnaehana o ka ea, pilikia nā renal a me ka hepatic, a hoʻopilikia ʻia ka naʻau a me ke kikowaena. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻike nui o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio:

ʻO ke hoʻonui ʻana i ke ea kino, i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka 41 tikelika.
He luaʻi a me ke kōpaʻa.
Lethargy, hoʻemi i ka makemake a me ka hōʻole ʻana i ka ʻai.
Nā maʻi ʻeha.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke koko i ka urine a me nā feces.
ʻAno ka ʻeha, keu i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana o nā maʻi i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i kona ʻano.

He aha ka leptospirosis ʻīlio

ʻO ka maʻi Weil, kahi maʻi paʻapū, ua ʻike ʻia i nā mea manu lāʻau no ka leptospirosis. ʻO ka maʻi pili nō ka maʻi hopohopo, zooanthroponic maʻi e hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū hemorrhagic o nā akeʻa, nā ʻōpū o ke kūwili, nā kikowaena kūloko o ka naʻau, nā puʻuwai a me nā koko, a me nā ʻeha.

Loaʻa nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka leptospirosis. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi maʻi infectious i nā manu, karnivores, a me nā rodents (nā mau kiʻī a me nā mau mea hoʻi ka mea lawe ola o ka leptospirosis).

ʻO ka māke kumu kumu o ka maʻi he bakium pathogenic pili i ka huaʻōlelo Leptospira (hōʻike ʻia e ke ʻano o ke ʻano. Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā kumu o waho: i ka wai kūlohelohe hiki i ka leptospira i hiki ke hana no ka 6 mau mahina, i ka lepo lepo - ma kahi makahiki. ʻO ka hapanui o nā disinfectants ʻaʻole i kahi hopena o ka hopena o ka leptospirosis pathogen pathogenic (koe wale nō i nā lāʻau o ka pūʻulu I).

Kāohi ʻana i ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio

He maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi Leptospirosis no nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻohe o ka pua, ʻano makahiki. No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis, ua lawe ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa prophylactic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Mono- a me nā multivaccines, a me nā nūnū pili pili o nā ʻāpana ʻĀina, kahi kūʻai ʻoihana ʻē, ka mea e pono ai e kūʻē i nā serotypes o leptospira Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola (Biovak-L, Leptodog, Multikan-6). Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma luna o ka pulu, ma ke ʻano o ke kino o ke ʻīlio. E pena ana i nā pēpē me ke leptospirosis no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 8-9 pule. Hoʻopili ʻia ka Revaccination ma hope o ʻekolu pule.

No nā ʻīlio makua, ʻo nā holoholona me nā kūlana ole i ʻike ʻia, i nā kūlana epizootic leʻa i ka ʻāina, ka hoʻōla ikaika-passive, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hyperimmune sera. Inā hoʻolālā ʻoe e huakaʻi me kahi ʻīlio i kekahi wahi i makemake ʻole ʻia no ka leptospirosis, mālama ʻia ka prophylactic i hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o kahi huakaʻi i hoʻolālā ʻia. ʻO ka poʻe holoholona ʻīlio e pono e hoʻolohe i nā kūlana o ka paʻa, nā meaʻai o kā lākou mau hoa aloha ʻehā. Mai haʻalele i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me nā mea pale, mālama pono i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke ʻano pale o ke kino, pili pono i ka papa kaupaona paʻa, a me ka manawa kūpono ke mālama ʻana i ka holoholona mai ka ectoparasites. E kiaʻi mau i nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka aviary, kahi wahi e moe ai ka ʻīlio.

Pehea e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe ka leptospirosis?

ʻAʻole ke kumu o ka maʻi i ka maʻi wale ʻia, akā nā holoholona nō hoʻi i loaʻa i ka leptospirosis. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka maʻi i ka wao ma waho ma o ka lawaiʻa, nā neʻe i ka ʻiwa, nā mea huna mai ka ʻōpū o ka hanu, a me kahi mea huna mai nā ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka papa kumu kumu o ka leptospirosis ma ke ʻano o ka placental a aia i loko o ka waiū o kahi wahine hānai, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hua e hiki mai ana i ka mea lawe pūpū.

ʻIke ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi i ka manawa o ka puna, i ka manawa e hoʻonui ai ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu, nā hihia kaawale o ka maʻi leptospirosis hiki i ka makahiki a puni.

ʻO ka wai kai hoʻāhewa (loko, nā waiʻi, nā puddles) ke ʻano nui o ka leptospira, ʻoi aku hoʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hihia o nā ʻīlio ma o nā lehelehe o ka lele koko, nā kuki a me nā hūlū.

ʻO ka manawa incubation o ka leptospirosis make aʻe mai 3 mau lā a i 1 mahina, a i kekahi manawa e hele a maʻi ʻole ʻia me nā hōʻailona ʻole.

Hiki i nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano āpau a me nā makahiki āpau ke leptospirosis, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka maʻi i nā pēpē a me nā poʻe ʻōpiopio ma muli o kahi mea pale mai ʻaʻole i kū aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻano nui o ka maʻi ka predisposition iā ia o nā ʻīlio puaʻa, e like me:

ʻO ka hapanui o kēia maʻi i nā ʻīlio e make ai ka make, ʻoiai, he mea paʻakikī loa ka maʻi no ka holoholona e ʻae a paʻakikī hoʻi ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke loaʻa paha kahi hopena maikaʻi me ka mālama manawa a me ka mālama koke ʻana i ka leptospirosis.

Hoʻomaopopo nā poʻe loea manuahi i 4 mau ʻano o ka papa o ka maʻi.

Sharp. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi i nā lā 1-3 ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana o ka pathogen i loko o ke kino.
Subacute Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻike le leptospirosis mau lā 10-20 ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi.
Ka Hoola. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo ka maʻi mai ka 2 mau mahina i hoʻokahi mau makahiki a i ʻole hana pū ʻia e nā hōʻailona ʻoliʻoli.
Hanane. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi hōʻike ʻana o ka maʻi e pau loa, akā hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻopiha i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i mau makahiki he mau makahiki.

I ka maʻi leptospirosis maule make ai nā ʻīlio ma 85% o nā hihia, pepehi kanaka subacute 60% o nā holoholona.

ʻO nā hemorrhagic a me nā icteric o ka leptospirosis ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.

ʻO ke ʻano hemorrhagic o ka maʻi i pā pinepine ʻia e nā waʻa makua, kahi maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano ʻalopiko a ʻākuhi, subākēlani hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻīlio o kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ke ʻano hemorrhagic o leptospirosis ka nui o ka nui o ka make ma waena o nā ʻīlio maʻi, akā ua emi iki ka icteric i nā holoholona.

Hoʻomaopopo nā Veterinarians: inā ola ka ʻīlio maʻi mau lā 5 nā maʻi, loaʻa iā ia kahi ho'ōla holoʻokoʻa.

Nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis

ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā patologi, ma nā ʻīlio maʻi āpau e loaʻa ka hōʻino i ka hana ʻimi ʻana, me ka renal a me ka palaualohi ʻana ʻole.

Kuhi nā manaʻo nui o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio.

dysuria (hoʻēmi i ka urination i kēlā lā i kēia lā), a laila anuria (i ʻole holo piha o ka urine i loko o ka pāheo),
ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke ea kino i ka 1-3 tikelima,
lethargy a nawaliwali o ke kino,
hōʻole no ka meaʻai
ʻānō o ka hoʻoneʻe o ka mucous a me ka ʻili.
ka huehue a me ka lua
koko i loko o ka urine a me nā feces.

Inā ua lawe ka leptospirosis i kahi ʻano hemorrhagic, a laila ua piʻi nui ka ʻīlio i ka mahana o ke kino (a hiki i ka 41.5), akā ma hope o 3 mau lā, hele pinepine ka pākeke i ka 38 kiʻekiʻe.

Eia kekahi, ʻike nā lemi mucous ʻehā i loko o kahi holoholona maʻi, aia ka makewai ikaika, akā ʻo ka makemake, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai holoʻokoʻa. Mai ka maka, ihu, waha a me ka ulu ʻana ke nānā ʻia ke koko, a ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ke koko i ka urine a me nā feces, a me ka luaʻi. Ma hope o nā inikini, hoʻomohala ʻia ka hematomas ma ka wahi i ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka manawa o ka palpation o nā pelvic a me nā peritoneum, ʻike ka holoholona i ka ʻeha nui.

ʻO nā pane o ka ʻano hemorrhagic o leptospirosis ka:

ka hopena o ka foci o ka nekrosis ma ka waha waha,
ʻeha nā ʻōpū o ka huehue,
kau wai nui
huehae huehal i pau ole.

Hōʻano ʻia ka ʻano hemorrhagic o ka leptospirosis e ke ʻano ikaika loa o ka membula a me ka ʻili, a me nā hōʻailona ma luna nei e hōʻike aku iā ia aole hiki mai ke make.

ʻOliona Icteric ʻo ka maʻi pili i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, nā membrane hina a kokoke i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻīlio. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻike ʻia ka ʻīlio me ka nāwaliwali, hōʻole i ka hānai, haki me ka kahe o ke koko, ka ʻōpū o ka ʻili, hepatomegaly (hoʻonui i ka nui) a me ka splenomegaly (hoʻonui i ka nui o ka manina).

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana i kēia e hōʻike ai i ka leptospirosis:

Ka nānāʻana Serological o ka PMA (microagglutination reaction).
ʻO Bioassay me nā holoholona hoʻokolohua (lālani, guinea puaʻa).
ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka maʻi mikina e ʻike i ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi i loko (ʻo ka pōkole e hou).
ʻO ka nānā ākea a me nā biochemical blood o kekahi holoholona maʻi.
X-ray a me ka ultrasound o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū (e hoʻoholo i kahi nui a me nā pōpoki).
ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā-spesial a me ka hoʻopili kaulike polymerase, ʻoiai me kēia mau hana he hiki ke kūpono ʻole-maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.

Ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma ka maʻi:

ka serum hyperimmune (ke hoʻohana pono nei kēia ʻano i nā lā mua o ka maʻi)
Ua koho ʻia nā antimicrobial (penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol a me tetracycline antibiotics). Kēia ʻia ka dosage e like me ke ʻano o ka maʻi, i ka makahiki o ke ʻīlio a me ke ʻano o ke kino,
immunostimulants a me immunomodulators, ʻōpiopio hoʻomākaukau paʻakikī,
ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka paʻakai sodium klorida, Ringer-Locke solution no ka dehydration,
nā huaʻala (ka momona glucose a me ka waikawa ascorbic),
hepatoprotectors e hana maʻamau a mālama i ka hana ate,
nā pale e hoʻoikaika i ka naʻau naʻau,
antiemetic a me antidiarrheal lāʻau lapaʻau,
detoxification o ke kino.

No ka hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o nā lālā o ka pēpē o ka gastrointestinal, hoʻohana ʻia ka vitamin B, ua hana ʻia kekahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā (ʻo ka ʻai wale nō ma ka ʻano leona a me ka wai, ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi).

ʻO nā ʻīlio me ke aʻalolo ā aʻa paha i hāʻule ʻole ka leʻa, me ka dehydration koʻikoʻi, hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokipa ma kahi keʻena lāʻau. I nā hihia'ē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻia, mālama ʻia ka holoholona ma luna o ka maʻi o ka poʻe maʻi.

Nā hopena a me nā hopena

He maʻi maʻi koʻikoʻi ka leptospirosis, e alakaʻi pinepine ana i nā hopena ʻino e like me:

ka uha o kekahi helehelena a o waho.
huakini a me ka hana lima,
hana ʻino i nā kino o ka ʻike,
Paresis a pau noho kūloko ʻana o ka ʻīlio,
nā maʻi uila, meningoencephalitis, cirrhosis.

Ma ke ʻano o ka mālama holoholona wā ʻole, e make koke ka holoholona. Hoʻōla kekahi ʻīlio mai ka leptospirosis e hoʻomohala i ke ola lōʻihi i ka maʻi, akā noho mau ka holoholona i mea lawe ʻoihana i nā makahiki he 4 mau makahiki.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka Leptospirosis kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole wale no nā holoholona, akā no nā kānaka hoʻi, no laila inā he ʻaʻio ʻīlio i kahi alapine, pono ʻoe e nīnau aku i kekahi loea. I mea e pale ai i ka maʻi, pono ka mea nona ka mālama ʻana i kāna holoholona me ka hānai ʻana i ka mālama kūpono, mālama pono a me ka pāpā ʻana i nā makahiki.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi

Nā hana i hoʻēmi ʻia, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, hoʻemi i ka momona - ka mea mua hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio. ^ E Ha yM. Inā e ukali ʻia nei e ka makewai hiki ʻole ke wikiwiki, ke ea wikiwiki, ke kūwaho - pono ʻoe e ʻimi aku i ka mea doktor.

Ma hope o 2-5 mau lā, hōʻike ka leptospirosis i kāna mau hōʻailona kūikawā: ke kuni, ka maʻiʻala a me ka luaʻi me ka koko. I ia mau mea ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka necrosis o nā membrane mucous, pinepine o ka urination, ka helehelena o nā ʻūhā ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻīlio.

Nui nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā mea āpau ma kahi kanaka maʻi maʻi. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole maopopo mai nā hōʻailona. ʻO ka hoʻokolohua e ka lāʻau loea, hiki i nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia ke hāʻawi i kahi pane e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina hana.

Hiki i ka Leptospirosis ke ulu i loko o kekahi mau ala:

Me ke kumu o ka maʻamau, latin i ke ʻano o ka maʻi, e piʻi iki ka mahana. Hoʻēmi ka hana a ka ʻīlio, ulu pū ka momona. Ma hope o nā lā 2-3, e nalowale nā hōʻailona. ʻĀnō ka ʻīlio. Akāʻo nā hoʻokolohua hōʻoia no ka hele ʻana o nā maʻi leptospira e pono no ka lāʻau maʻi.

Kēia luhi loa, lawe ʻia ka maʻi papakō, nā maʻi. ʻO kāna mau hōʻailona kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻemi, ke hoʻonui ʻana i nā nū lymph ma ka palu a ma lalo o ka iwi. Hoʻokeʻokeʻo ka ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula. Ma ke kua, e lilo ke kapa o ka lole. Hōʻalo ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻole i ʻae i nā kukui māmā. Ua hānau ʻia kahi keiki o kekahi holoholona.

I nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke ala maʻi maʻi o nā maʻi. Ma ka hana a nā ʻīlio ua maopopo iā ia ke loaʻa ka ʻeha nui. Ua piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o kona wela ma ka 41.5 ° C. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kulu, ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kīpū me ka hiki ʻana o ke koko. Nā ʻāpana heʻe melemele. I kekahi mau manawa, ulu wikiwiki ka maʻi, hiki i ka hopena i loko o nā lā 2-3.

ʻO nā latent, ʻālunu, a me nā hiʻohiʻona hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi hiki ke noho i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona: hemorrhagic (ka pehu, ka anicteric) a me ka icteric. He nui nā hiʻohiʻona like o nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole.

ʻĀpana hemorrhagic o ka leptospirosis

Hoʻohālikelike ia e ke kahe o nā kūmole a me ka ʻaoʻao o waho. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hopena o ka endotoxins ma nā paia o nā moku liʻiliʻi. Ma ka hapalua o nā holoholona e maʻi ana mai ka maʻi leptospirosis hiki ke make. Aia ka hopena i ka hopena a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi concomitant a me ka dinamics o ke ʻano o ka maʻi. ʻO ka hapa ʻana o ke ʻano, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi hoʻi e hoʻōla ai.

I kekahi mau hihia, hele nā hōʻailona i kahi ʻano "blurred": hele ka maʻi i kahi ʻano lohi. Noho paʻa ka ʻīlio, nā hōʻailona hemahema o ka leptospirosis ma lalo. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole hebedoma, ua loaʻa hou nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi. Hoʻonui ka maʻi ma nā nalu.

Ma kahi o ke kolu o ka lā, e hoʻomaka ka puka ʻana o ka membrane a me ka huina. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ia ma ka hele ʻana o nā koko koko i nā mea huna o ka ʻīlio. Nui kona maʻi, ʻeha a me ka constipation. Ke hoʻomohala nei ke ʻano maʻamau o ka holoholona. ʻAʻole ʻīlio ke ʻīlio.

Icteric ʻano o ka leptospirosis

ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio ke aafia i kēia ʻano. Leptospirosis o nā ʻīlio i ke kiʻi, me kēia hoʻomohala o nā hanana, ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka noho ʻōwili o nā māla lau a me nā ʻili o nā ʻili o nā melemele. ʻAʻole ia ka manaʻo o ka hiki ʻana o ke hōʻike koko. Hiki i ka hemorrhage a me nā jaundice ke noho like.

No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka bilirubin i loko o ke koko, ke kīwili ʻana i nā kiko o ke ate, hōʻolo a me ka make o ka parenchyma, me ka hōʻoki ʻia o nā ʻāpana koko ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole mau alakaʻi ka jaundice e alakaʻi i ka hepatic dysfunction. ʻO ka hana pinepine ʻana o ka renal ka mea pinepine loa.

Naʻi hoʻolika

ʻO Anamnesis, nā hōʻailona e ʻae i kahi maʻi maʻi paʻa paʻa. Akā ke pāʻani nei nā haʻawina o ka laboratorium. ʻO ke ʻano e hoʻohana ai no ka loiloi serological. Me ke kōkua o kēia noiʻi ʻike ʻia nā ʻano āpau le pathospira āpau.

Hoʻopili i nā ʻano kuʻuna, i kēia wā ka nānā ʻana o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio hiki i ka 2 nā hōʻike:

hōʻike i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea pili i nā antibodies a me antigen,
polymerase kaulahao hopena (hoʻonui i nā molekīpika DNA).

Hiki i kēia mau ala ke nānā i ka wai o ka holoholona maʻi a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana. Ke lawe nei i nā hiʻohiʻona a hana i nā loiloi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maʻi, a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o ka leptospira i loko o ka pāʻai, i kekahi mau lā i hala. ʻO kahi kumuwaiwai e pili pono ana i ka kikoo ʻike i loaʻa i nā nīnū mākaʻi i loaʻa i ka biopsy.

ʻO ke ʻano loiloi Polymerase kahi ala hou o ka hana houlu (hoʻonui i ka molekule DNA), kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia me ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike maikaʻi ʻole i kahi maikaʻi ʻole inā he haumia nā ʻāpana hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Kūpono ke ʻano, ʻaʻole paʻa ia i loko o ka diagnostic arsenal o nā lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa

ʻOiai ma ka manawa ka mālama ʻana o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio ʻAʻole hōʻoia ia i kahi hopena maikaʻi. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau holoholona, make kekahi poʻe, aia ʻē paha kekahi i ka hopena o nā maʻi i ke ola.

ʻO ka hopena o ka leptospirosis e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia he nui:

ka haʻalele ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi leptospira i ke kino,
ʻO ka hana maʻamau o ka hana ʻana i ke kino o nā holoholona, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana ʻana i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohālikelike,
e hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka holoholona.

Ma hope koke o ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi, hoʻomaka ke kino i ka detox i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i nā pakano a me nā toxins i hana ʻia e lākou. ʻO ka mea maʻalahi ka papa o ka mālama antibiotic. Hoʻonui kēia i ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi o nā palu a me nā keiki, ke hoʻemi ʻana i ka hopena o ka urine.

ʻO nā antibiotics e wehe i nā huakini mai nā keiki. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokiolo ka leptospira e pālahalaha me ka urine. Eia kekahi, e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o nā pepi, nā ʻili, nā moku koko, ka puʻuwai, ka ʻōlelo paʻakikī e hoʻohana ʻia: hepatoprotectors, vitamona, kaʻai, nā stimulants cardiac.

He mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau no ka leptospirosis i kahi ʻīlio

Nā kumu kumu o ka maʻi

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pathology e nā mikites mikroskopika - leptospira (Leptospira), ka nui o ka wikiwiki a lawe ʻia e ke kahe koko ma ke kino āpau. ʻO waho, ua like ka pathogen me kahi kaula milo i kāwili ʻia i loko o kahi piʻiona, no laila ʻo ka inoa leptospirosis.

Ke kūlike ʻole ka Parasite ma ka ʻāina waho: e hoʻomāhuahua lākou i ka kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana a hiki i 34 degere, e neʻe pinepine ana i ka manawa anuanu. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā huakini, e like me ke kānāwai, nā kaola wai me nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana, kahi e noho ai lākou a hiki i 200 lā, a me ka lepo lepo (a i 250 mau lā). Ma ka ʻāina maloʻo, make ʻo Leptospira ma hope o 12 mau hola.

Ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻīlio ma nā ala:

e ka loko a me ka wai, aia nā microparasites,
i ka wā e ʻai ana i nā holoholona make i maʻi me ka leptospirosis,
e lana ana i loko o nā loko i kahi e ʻike ai ka hana Leptospira.
ke moe? ana me ka hoa maʻi.

ʻO ka manawa incubation mai 2 a 12 mau lā.

ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kauolima nā pehu a me nā pūpū, kahi e hoʻoiho ai i ka hoʻowalewale, dystrophy, cardiovascular gagal, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kahi hopena hōʻeha.

Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi a hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ia e hele i kahi keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa. Ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana i ka mea maʻi holoholona, pono e mālama ʻia kahi ʻīlio i kahi kaʻawale, me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pathogen me ka urine, feces a me ka phlegm mai ka ʻōpū.

ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano lahi

Hiki i kekahi ʻīlio ke maʻi me ka leptospirosis, ʻaʻohe o ka ʻano. Ma ka pilikia ka hiki ʻana o nā ʻīlio hihiu, e pili pinepine ana me ka wai kūloe, nā holoholona a me nā holoholona lūlū.

ʻO ka hapa nui loa i nā patology he pēpē a me nā poʻe ʻōpio a hiki i nā makahiki 3 he mau makahiki, kahi paʻa ʻole i ka hoʻopalike ʻia, me nā ʻīlio kahiko. I ka hui i hala, hōʻike nui ʻia ka ʻano hemorrhagic o leptospirosis.

Nā hōʻailona nui

Hoʻololi nā hōʻailona o ka leptospirosis ma muli o ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ʻehā.

ʻIke ʻia ka ʻāpana apathetic (latent) ka mea maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻonui iki i ke anuanu o ke kino (ke kiʻekiʻe 1 kekelē), kahi kūlana i hoʻokaumaha ʻia o ka holoholona, pallor a i ʻole yellowness o nā membrane mucous. Hōʻailona nā lā ma ka lua o ka lā ma hope o ka maʻi, ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio.

ʻO ka puka maʻamau ka meaʻoi loa. Ua nui loa ka holoholona, ma ka ʻūhā a ma lalo o ka māka, hoʻonui ʻia nā hua lymph. Kū ka mahana i ke kula mai ka manawa, loaʻa ka urine i kahi kala melemele a ʻeleʻele paha, e hāloi ka pale i ka ʻeke a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua peʻe ke ʻīlio mai nā kānaka, e ʻimi ana i nā wahi iʻeleʻele mau. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i nā keiki make.

ʻO ka puka fulminant (super-acute) a hala i ʻelua mau lā a loaʻa ke kiʻi haukapila i haʻi ʻia. Kū mālie ke ʻano wela o ke kino (a hiki i ka 41.5 degere) a paʻa mau ʻana no kekahi mau hola, a laila hāʻule i lalo (a hiki i ka 38 degere). Ke loli nei ka ʻano o nā ʻīlio, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e lilo ai ia i ka hana ʻino a me ka hanaʻeʻe.

Ke nānā ʻia nei o ka hoʻohuihui nā nā membrane mucous, nā māka wikiwiki i ʻike ʻia. ʻO kēia ka palapala maikaʻi loa loa, no ka mea ʻaʻole i mālama ka holoholona i ka mālama lapaʻau, e make nō ia.

Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻano maʻi maʻamau i nā ʻīlio ʻōpio. E piʻi ka mahana (a he 41.5 deg), nā melemele a me nā sclera. Hāʻawi ʻia ka urine i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, he palaʻai. I kekahi manawa aia kahi maʻi, i nā feces hiki ke ʻike i ke koko. ʻO ka ʻīlio, hoʻomāinoino ʻia e ka ʻeha hope, hopohopo, kuhi ʻia, hopohopo.

Hoʻokumu ka epidermis necrosis i nā ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, ka hakuhū, a me ke ʻano o ka bruising ma ka ʻili. Pahuehu ka lole, kūwili ʻia nā pale.

Aia ka puka subacute ma 2-3 mau hebedoma a hōʻailona ʻia i kēia mau ʻano ke ʻano: ka luhi nui ʻana, nā nāwaliwali, nā haʻalulu o nā poʻo o nā poʻo, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ke kihi o nā maka, ke ala a hiki i ka 39.5 tikelī. Kuhi ʻia hoʻi nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano a ʻaʻole ʻia. He pilikia hou kēia ʻano a alakaʻi i ka make o kahi ʻīlio i nā hapalua.

Pakanui o ke ʻano a me ka prognosis

ʻO ke kaʻina lōʻihi o ka leptospirosis he hopena lōʻihi, e koi ana i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana mai ka mea nona ka ʻīlio. ʻAʻohe hihia e hoʻōla pono iā ʻoe iho, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ia i ka hopena lethal. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia hihia he kanaka hoʻokahi, e kau ana i ka makahiki, ʻano o ka maʻi a me ke ʻano maʻamau.

Mea hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ka doktor hānai, mālama a mālama ʻia nā kaʻina āpau ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana o kahi loea. ʻAʻole pono e haʻalele i nā lula no ka nānā ʻana i nā ana palekana palekana pilikino e pale aku i ka maʻi!

Hoʻopili ʻia ka mālamaʻana i kahi paʻakikī a ua māhelehele ʻia i nā hana 4:

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia o Leptospira - ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi.
Stimulation o ka hana cardiovascular.
Hoʻopau i nā mea make, hoʻopau i nā hōʻā o ka hoʻokau a me ka maʻi pāʻai.
ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi a ʻo Renal a me ka hana o ka hana, gastrointestinal tract stabilization.

Pono e hāpai i ka noʻonoʻo o ke kumu no ka mālama holomua, ma mua o nā mea āpau, ka hakakā ʻana me nā parasit. Hiki i ke ʻano o ke koena o ka ʻimi ke ʻano e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka holoholona.

ʻO ka hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i ka leptospira ikaika, e mālama ʻia ana ka lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, ka mea kūpono loa i nā hola mua a me nā lā. No kēia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka serima hyperimmune. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau no 2-3 lā, e nānā ana i ka maʻa: 0.5 ml o ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka 1 kg o ka paona o ke kino.

No ka pale aku i ka microparasites i loaʻa i loko o nā kino o loko, ua hoʻohana nā antibiotics laulaha ākea (Bicillin-1, Bicillin-3, Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Streptomycin), ka mea i lawelawe ʻia e subcutaneously, intramuscularly a intravenously. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka dosle ʻokoʻa e ke kauka.

ʻO kahi kaʻina hana he hemodialysis, no ka mea hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka pathogen mai ke koko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā keʻena āpau e pono nā mea e pono ai.

Hoʻomaka ka hana maʻi symptomatic i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā infra intravenous, ka mea e komo pū ai me nā mea hoʻohui rehydrating a me nā antispasmodics. ʻO nā lapaʻau Hepaprotective (ʻo Essentiale, LIV-52, Karsil) i kuhikuhi ʻia e kākoʻo i nā ate, anticonvulsants (Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Levitiracetam) e hoʻopau ai i ka kahiki.

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻina hana me ka kōkua o Flaming a me Dexafort. Hoʻohana ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopili ʻia me ka chlorhexidine, Miramistin a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide.

Hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tserukal ma kahi lāʻau lapaʻau antiemetic.

ʻAʻole mākou e poina i ka naʻau o ka holoholona hoʻokomo i ke kaumaha, no laila pono ia i ke kākoʻo. Ke hoʻomau nei i nā hana cardiovascular, nā huaora o nā hui B, C, Riboxin injections i hoʻohana.

Ma hope o ka maʻi, hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻīlio i ke ʻano palekana o nā makahiki he mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, me ka pohō o ka pūpū, nui nā holoholona e lawe i ka leptospira i ka lōʻihi.I mea e ʻike ai inā he lawaiʻa o ka ʻīlio ke nānā i nā maʻi huapau, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka urine i kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka loaʻa hou ʻana.

E like me nā wānana, hāʻawi pololei nā mea hoʻohālikelike iā lākou. Inā hoʻomakaʻia ka mālamaʻana i kahi manawa kūpono, a laila ma 50% o nā hihia e ola ai nā holoholona, e like me ke kānāwai, ma ka lā 14-21. Eia naʻe, inā he koʻikoʻi nā mea ola e like me nā pepi a me nā aʻa, inā kiʻekiʻe ke ala o ka make.

He aha ka mea e hana ai ma ka home

ʻO nā lapaʻau āpau āpau ʻaʻole ikaika i ka leptospirosis. ʻO kahi hana lapaʻau wale nō i mālama ʻia e ka loea e hiki ke mālama i ka ʻīlio. Pono ka mea nona e hana i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu loa no ka mālama ʻehā wāwae, ka maluhia a me ka meaʻai maikaʻi.

ʻO ka holoholona he kumu o ka maʻi, pono i kahi lumi kaʻawale, pono e mālama ʻia i ka mālama, mālama i nā ana palekana (hoʻohana i nā lole a me nā lima lima). ʻO nā wahi i huikala ʻia ai ka holoholona i holoi ʻia me ka bleach, disinfectants me ka iodine.

ʻO nā holoholona nāwaliwali, e like me ke kānāwai, hōʻole i ka ʻai, akā ʻaʻole pono ka nui-kai. I ka manawa mālama, ʻo ka papa o ka ʻīlio i ka meaʻai o ka mea ʻai i ka haʻahaʻa o ka protein.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka holoholona e hoʻomaʻamaʻa, pono nō hoʻi ʻo ia e hoʻohana i ka hoʻopale wale ʻana i nā meaʻai e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaumaha ma ke ake a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻeha i ka maʻi. Na kēia ʻīlio e hahai i ke koena o kona ola.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea ʻai lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i kahi hale lapaʻau. Inā hānai ka ʻīlio i ka meaʻai kūlohelohe, a laila pono ka ʻai i ka moa kuke a i ʻole hoʻi ka turki, ka oatmeal a me ka ʻaha ʻaina, i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka wai, nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai (inā ʻaʻohe kalo o ka gastroenteritis).

Pono ka ʻīlio e uku i ka wai e pono ai, kahi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi decoction o ka mauʻu choleretic.

ʻO nā ʻōhua hiki

Inā ola ka ʻīlio, ma hope iho e loaʻa ai nā hoʻonāukiuki e like me ka ate, ka pēpē, a me ka nui o ka pūnao. E lawe ka hana i ka 1 i ka 3 mau mahina. I loko o kēia manawa, lawe ʻia ka hana papa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau a me ka lāʻau hepaprotective.

Nā hana kūpono

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale nō e hoʻohana ai i ka leptospirosis ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Ke haʻalele nei i kēia kaʻina hana, kau ka mea nona kāna holoholona i kahi pilikia ʻole ʻole. Hāʻawi ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou i nā koho ākea o nā huakini, ma waena o ia mea i kaulana loa ka Multican, Nobivak, Biovak.

Mai ʻae ʻoe i ka ʻoi ʻana o ka holoholona i loko o nā kaena me ka wai kūlohelohe. I ka hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, e hoʻokaʻa koke aku i kāu doktor. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ka maʻi leptospirosis, me ka rabies a me nā maʻi ʻūlū, he maʻi make.

Nā ʻano hana a me nā ʻano o ka maʻi

ʻElua mau papa nui i ka papa o ka leptospirosis:

Kūleʻa huapuni - ke hoʻonui ʻana o nā microorganisms ma o ke kaʻe o ka uila ma hope o ke komo ʻana i loko o ke kino.
Hoʻopilikia i nā hanana - ka hōʻino ʻana i nā kino o loko a me ka hoʻowalewale ikaika o ke kino. Ma kēiaʻano o ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole:

Sharp. Hoʻonui ka maʻi ma ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. I loko o hoʻokahi mau lā, hiki i nā hoʻopiʻi ke ulu i ka puka mai ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā hana o ka palaualona, a me nā palu a me nā mea o loko ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka make.
Subacute. Hoʻonui ka maʻi ma ka emi o ka liʻiliʻi (mai 10 a 20 mau lā). Hoemiia ka pōʻino honua.
Ka Hoola Inā mālama ke kino o ke holoholona i ola i ke ʻano a me ka subacute, holo ka maʻi i kahi maʻiʻeha i hiki ke kū mai kahi mahina a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki. Hiki i nā Exacerbations ke emi me ke emi ʻana o ke kaʻe ʻana, no ka mea aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻōla hou ʻia mai ka maʻi. Noho nā Bacteria i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono.
Latent a asymptomatic. ʻAʻole make ka maʻi, akā, ʻo ka holoholona ke mea lawe i ka maʻi.

ʻO ka wehewehe maʻamau o ka maʻi

He maʻi maʻi loa ka maʻi lēpehu. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā lio, nā holoholona hū, nā rodents a me nā manu i hiki ke maʻalahi iā ia. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā kānaka he mea kūpono loa i ka mākaʻi kumu kumu o ka maʻi. ʻO ka Leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio e hoʻouna ʻia i nā kānaka. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi mai nā lio, nā pipi a me nā pōpoki home.

ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi Stuttgart kahi microorganism i ka bacteria o ka genept Leptospira, no ka ʻohana spirochete. Ma ke ala, pale treponema (gram-negative spirochete) kahi kumu kumu kumu o ka maʻi ʻeha - syphilis.

Hiki i nā microorganisms bakalake pathogen ke mālama i kā lākou hana no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole lākou e loaʻa i ka pae haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kaʻina manuahi. ʻO ke kaiula maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka leptospira he mau kūlana me ka mahana wela o ka 34 a 36 degrees a me ka haʻahaʻa ikaika. Ma lalo o ka hopena o ka hoʻouluʻana o ka lā, make ka leptospira i loko o kahi mau minuke 120 (ʻo nā palena ma kahi o ka 76 kiʻekiʻe). Hoʻohana pono no ka luku ʻana i nā microorganisms pathogenic a me nā hopena:

Ke kau nei ka hoʻoili ʻia o nā pathogen ma kahi pili me nā holoholona maʻi a maʻi maʻi paha he mea lawe ia o nā huakaʻi pathogenic. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Leptospira i loko o ka kaiapuni me ka hapa nui o nā hapa o ka mimi. Aia ka mea i ka litter, ma loko o kahi pākā a wai paha, hoʻomaka ka nui ʻana o nā microorganism i ka nui. ʻO ke ala nui ka hele ʻana o ka maʻi meaʻai. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei i ka wai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia mai ka papale a i ʻole ka mea hōʻeuʻeu hōʻeu, nui ka hopena o ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis.

Hoʻomaopopo! Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia i ka Leptospirosis ma kahi ala vector-lawe - me nā kakili o nā maʻi hānai koko e like me nā ʻōpio, nā namu a me nā pika paha.

Hiki ke maʻi o ka ʻīlio ke komo ka leptospira i nā puʻupu hāmama i nā wahi a i ʻole e loaʻa ai nā maʻi aʻeha paha e waha ʻia ai ka waha, ka ihu a i loko paha o ka ʻokiʻoki. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā microorganisms pathogenic, hele mai ka maʻi ma hope o 1-1,5 lā.

Hoʻokomo ʻia me ka kahe o ke koko i loko o ke kino, hoʻouna ʻia ka leptospira i ka ʻōpala, hoʻonui a laila e pālahalaha ana ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana āpau. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana i ka microorganisms ʻenemi, kū i ke ʻano o ke kino.

Ke hele nei ka leptospira i ka ʻōhumu, a hoʻi ka mahana i ke kino. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o nā keiki i ka pale mai i nā antibodies i hoʻolālā ʻia e ko lākou kino iho. ʻO ka noho ʻana i nā hana papalaki, i kālai ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū, he mākaʻikaʻi nā mea maʻi ʻole. Ma ke kaʻina o ka hana a me ka hana a leptospira, ua hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻula ʻulaʻula, e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka anemia (anemia) a me ke ʻano o ka jaundice (ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kahi puaʻa kūikawā - bilirubin). I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mālama manawa kūpono, make ka holoholona mai ka puʻuwai ʻana a me ka hana ʻole o ka aʻai.

ʻO nā hopena a me ka pale ʻana o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio

I nā ʻīlio hoʻōla loa, kūlike ka pane ʻana i ka pale hou ʻana i ka maʻi me ka leptospirosis. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ahulau i nā makahiki. Akā hōʻike ʻo nā mea mālama manuahi i nā maʻi maʻi me ka pale ʻana i ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio. I ka mālama ʻana i kahi holoholona maʻi, pono e mālama ʻia nā mālama palekana a me ka mālama pono ponoʻi, no ka mea, hiki i ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio ke hoʻouna i nā kānaka.

Hoʻomaopopo! ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi serum e kūʻē i ka leptospirosis o nā ʻīlio inā he hana hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia o kahi holoholona i nā wahi kūpono ʻole i ka maʻi kūpono.

ʻO ka vī kipi e pili ana i ka leptospirosis ka mea nui loa o ka pale ʻana i nā hana hōʻemi. Hiki i nā haukapila ʻano nui ke hāʻawi i nā lāʻau paʻakikī i pale i ka pale o nā holoholona me nā maʻi weliweli e like me:

I mea e pale ai i kāu holoholona, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka pale ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio nā keiki he 8 mau hebedoma. E koi ʻia ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka serum ma hope o nā hebedoma 22. Ma mua o kēlā me kēia pale ʻana, pono e hana mua i ka deworming, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau antiparasitic ākea ākea. Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio mua me kāu veterinarian.

ʻAselelo ʻ Doglio

Aia i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ikaika o ka hōʻike o nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka leptospirosis.

Hōʻike ka papa o ka maʻi i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki (a hiki i ka 5 lā) a me ka hōʻike kino ʻana i nā hōʻailona. ʻO ka hala make ma ka 80%.
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka papa subacute o ka maʻi i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana (10-20 mau lā) ma ke ʻano he koʻikoʻi, a he emi ʻole ka hōʻike o nā hōʻailona. Kahala - i ka 50%.
ʻO ke ala maʻamau o ka maʻi e hele mai ana mai a koʻikoʻi paha. He hana luhi kēia, hiki iā ia ke mau i nā makahiki he nui, e kū'ē ana i ke ʻano o ka mālama mau ʻana, e hoʻōla ʻole nā hōʻailona, hiki i kekahi o lākou ke ʻano ʻino.
ʻO ke kumu a i ʻole ka asymptomatic maʻi o ka maʻi i ka wā i ikaika ai ka pale ʻana o ka ʻīlio a ʻaʻole i ʻae i ka pathogen e hohola i loko o ke kino. Hiki nō pū kekahi ma hope o kahi maʻi i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe ʻano hōʻailona o ka maʻi e hōʻike ʻia, akā, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka leptospira e ka ʻīlio no kekahi mau makahiki hou.

Hemorrhagic (anicteric) ʻano o ka leptospirosis

ʻO nā ʻōpio a me nā ʻīlio kahiko e maʻi nui ʻia i kēia ʻano. Hiki iā ia ke hakakā a i ʻole subacute. Hōʻike koke ka maʻi iā ia me ka hoʻokaumaha koʻikoʻi, kū ka mahana o ke kino, kūlohelohe, ʻike nui ka ʻōpū, ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā membus. I ke kolu o ka lā o ka maʻi, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū (hemorrhages) i nā membous mucous, hele a me ka maʻi a me nā maʻi me ke koko, ua kohu ʻia nā wahi i nā maʻi maʻi. I ka pinepine pinepine i nā maʻi ulcerative o ka mucosa waha, ka hopena ʻole o ka renal o ka pilikia, ka koi koʻikoʻi.

Whakaahua: ohgiggle

ʻO ka hoʻohanohano no ka hopena hemorrhagic o nā subacute a me nā mea i loaʻa Inā loaʻa i ka holoholona ka maʻi, a laila hiki i ka maʻi ma muli o ka hōʻeha nui ʻana i nā mea nui o nā kino (ʻūhā, ʻōpū, a me nā mea hou aku). He ʻano hou ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi ʻano latent, i ka wā e noho mau ana ka ʻīlio a me ka microcarrier no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Nā hopena o ka leptospirosis i nā ʻīlio

Inā ua maʻi ka ʻīlio ʻana i ka leptospirosis, hoʻomohala ʻia ia i kahi paʻa aku o kēia maʻi, eia naʻe, ka hana ʻana o nā aʻalopona, nā pēpē a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea make o leptospira, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.

Ma muli o kēia mau pilikia koʻikoʻi e maʻi pinepine ai ka maʻi, hiki i ka mau makahiki (a i kekahi manawa he ola ke ola nei) a koi aku i ka mālama mau ʻana i ka lawelawe.

Eia nō hoʻi, e hoʻopoina i kahi holoholona i loaʻa i ka leptospirosis ke hoʻopilikia i nā poʻe ʻē no ka manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻo ka mea kahi mea leʻaleʻa leptospirosis.

Pehea e hiki ai i ka ʻīlio ke loaʻa i ka leptospirosis

Hiki i nā maʻi ke hiki ke pili pololei i nā holoholona maʻi a me nā mea lawe leptospirosis (ʻo nā mea nui ka nui o nā kiʻi like me nā mea maʻi o nā maʻi).

ʻO ka pilina me nā rodents hihiu hiki ke alakaʻi i leptospirosis. Waiwai kiʻi: Adam Levison

Hiki i ka Leptospira ke noho i kahi kaiāulu no ka manawa lōʻihi, aemaise i ka manawa mahana. Kūleʻa, i loko o ka wai pākuʻi e mālama ʻia lākou a hiki i ʻeono mahina. No laila, hiki ke loaʻa i ka maʻi ma o nā mea i mālama ʻia e ka leptospira o ka mālama ʻana i ka mea hānai a me ka hānai ʻana i ka wai.

Mai hoʻokeo i ka ʻīlio ʻana i ka wai kūloe. Hoʻi kiʻi: Simon

Ua komo ka maʻi i ke kino ma o nā membames māka (ka hapanui o ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal i ka wā e ka ʻai ʻana o ka leptospira i ka meaʻai a me ka wai), me ke ʻano nō hoʻi o ka ʻili, inā ka loaʻa iki iā ia ka pōʻino liʻiliʻi, a laila e hoʻolaha ma waena o ke kahawai o ka ʻīlio.

ʻO kahi hui

ʻO ka mea maʻalahi loa i kēia maʻi, ʻo nā holoholona i hōʻemi ʻia kona pale ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e laha ana.

Hōʻīlima ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka leptospirosis. ʻO ke kiʻi: Andrea Pokrzywinski

Loaʻa nō hoʻi i nā ʻīlio e mālama ʻia i nā kūlana o ka hiki ʻana i nā kumu o ka hoʻopili, e komo pū ana nā ʻīlio hihiu.

Nā mea lawe

He mea kūpono ia i loko o kēlā me kēia papa o ka maʻi, a ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana mai ke kino o kahi holoholona i hele ʻia, huna ʻia ka leptospira (ʻo ka nui me ka urine).

Inā ʻaʻole kūlike ka ʻīlio i ka lāʻau antibiotic piha e kuhikuhi ana i ka luku ʻana i nā maʻi pathogenic, a laila hoʻomau ka microcarrier i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

ʻO kahi lawa wale o ka pane o ka pale i pale aku ai i nā ʻīlio laweʻi mai ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka maʻi i kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pale ʻole, hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻi mai.

E hoʻoili ʻia ka Leptospirosis i nā kānaka.

He mea koʻikoʻi loa e hoʻomanaʻo i ka nui o nā holoholona, me ke kanaka, e pili ana i ka leptospirosis. A me nā ʻano o leptospira, ka mea pinepine e alakaʻi nei i ka maʻi ma nā ʻīlio, no ka mea he leptospirosis pū kekahi i nā kānaka.

Inā kānalua ʻoe i ka leptospirosis i kāu ʻīlio, pono e nīnau koke ʻoe i ka mea doktor a lawe i nā hana palekana no ʻoe iho. Hōʻeha loa kēia maʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai ʻoe e makaʻala i ka mālama ʻana i kahi holoholona maʻi maʻi a mālama pono i nā lula o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe - ke ʻano ponoʻī, nā ʻīlio, a me ka mālama ʻana no kāna mālama a me ka mea hānai manu.

Waiwai kiʻi: Robert Tadlock

E mālama i kāu pono ponoʻī a inā, inā i pōʻino a i ʻole ʻia ka lawehala i manaʻo ʻia, e kipa aku i ke kauka e hoʻoholo i ko lākou kumu i ka wā kūpono a pale i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

Palapala Leptospirosis

No ka mālama pono ʻana o ka leptospirosis kūlohelohe a me ka subacute, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka serum hyperimmune kikoʻī, he mea kōkua maikaʻi loa ia i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka ʻīlio, me ka mea i loaʻa i nā antibodies i mākaukau e kūʻē i ka pathogen, ka mea i hoʻopili pū me ka hakakā koke, 3-4 mau hola ma hope o kā lākou pule. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi nui, ka hoʻihoʻi pinepine ʻana i ka serum hyperimmune leptospirosis i ka hapalua ʻōlelo e ʻae ʻia 2-3 mau lā ma hope o ka mua.

No ke kōkua aku i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, me ka wehe ʻana i ka leptospirosis, he holoholona maʻi ua kauoha ʻia i kahi lōʻihi (ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina) papa o ka mālama maʻi me ka penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, cephalosporin, a me quinolone.

Nā kiʻi: emily_grossman

He mea nui ia e kūlike i ka hoʻolālā a ke kauka a hoʻopiha i ke papa o ka mālama ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻia ʻana, ʻo ka mea ma nā ʻīlio ma hope o ka leptospirosis, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka pathogine i loko o ka urine no kekahi manawa lōʻihi.

Pēlā nō, kauoha ʻia ka mālama ʻana i:

hūnā i ka ʻoluʻolu e nā leptospira,
Hoʻihoʻi hou i nā hana o nā hui kūlohelohe a me nā ʻōnaehana (ate, nā pēpē, ka holo ʻana, ka hanu, nā ʻōnaehana cardiovascular)
hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kōkui koko me ka hemorrhages koʻikoʻi,
ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka hoʻokahe wai-paʻakai i ke kino.

Kauʻai

I ka hui pū ʻana me ka mālama ʻana o nā maʻi me ka leptospirosis, pono ka holoholona i ka ʻai sparing, nā hiʻohiʻona e hilinaʻi nei i nā hana o nā lolo.

Kuhi: Harriet a me Spare Cat

ʻO ka hānai me ka mea hānai kiʻekiʻe e kūpono loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hānai, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hānai, a hoʻemi ʻia nā māhele e hoʻemi i ka lawe ʻana i nā mea pili.

Ke ola kūlohelohe

I nā ʻīlio i maʻi pū ʻia me ka leptospirosis, hoʻomau ʻia ke kani hoʻomohū ʻana he nui iʻe, i.e. i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena o ka loaʻa ʻana i ka leptospirosis iā zero. Eia nō naʻe, he mea maikaʻi e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kahi nuance: kahi pākia i loko o kēia hihia e hoʻomohala wale ai i nā ʻano leptospira i hoʻokumu i ka maʻi.ʻO kēia ka mea hiki i ka ʻīlio ke hele hou i ka maʻi ma ka leptospirosis inā he leptospira o kekahi mau ʻano (serovar) i loko o kona kino.

ʻAuio (pale) i ka leptospirosis

ʻO ka ala e ʻoi loa ka pale ʻana i kāu holoholona mai ka leptospirosis ma o ke kanulau lāʻau ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka pānaʻi leptospirosis kekahi hapa o nā maʻi polyvalent kaulana loa no nā ʻīlio.
ʻO ka pūnaʻina o nā huaka e kūʻē i ka leptospirosis ka mea paʻa (le pepehi ʻia) ka leptospira i hiki ʻole ke hoʻonā ʻia i nā maʻi i nā holoholona, akā ke kumu ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā antibodies i ka leptospirosis a hana i ke ahulau no nā makahiki hoʻokahi.

Koho koho ʻana

ʻO ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻana ka leptospira o ka ʻano maʻamau (ʻelua serovars). Eia nō naʻe, no nā ʻīlio ka maʻalahi o nā komo o ka maʻi (e loaʻa pinepine i nā wahi marshy, pili pono ka pili ʻana me nā holoholona hihiu, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā rodents, etc.), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pīpī me nā ʻano o ka leptospira.

Nā maʻi maʻi Leptospirosis

ʻAʻole ʻoe e koho i kahi maʻi huakaʻi iā ʻoe iho, ka hana ʻo ka ʻoihana holoholona me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ʻoe, me ka mālama ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o kāu holoholona, a me ke ʻano o ka leptospirosis ma kou wahi.

Whakaahua: Mīkini a Melinda

He nui nā mea hana e hana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi wale nō paha (he nui ka paʻakikī o nā lāʻau no ka maʻi like ʻole), akā naʻe, hiki ke ʻano o ka ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano leptospira ʻaʻole i kaha ʻole. Loaʻa nā punahele polyvalent no nā ʻīlio: Biokan (mai 3 mau ʻano leptospira), Vangard me ka ʻokoʻa (2 a me 4), ʻo Dyramun max (4), Multikan (2 a me 3), Nobivak (2), Eurikan (2).

I ka mua, e mālama ʻia ana ke kanulau me nā mea kanu like ʻole i nā pēpē i 8-9 mau makahiki o ka makahiki me ka pale hou ʻana ma hope o 3 mau pule. Inā hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kahi ʻīlio kahiko ia no ka manawa mua, a laila hana ʻia ka hoʻokele ʻana ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e mālama ʻia ka maʻi pale i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Pono e mālama nui ʻia

Hoʻopili i nā maʻi, pono ʻoe e hahai i nā mea āpau e kōkua ai i ka pale aku i kāu holoholona i kēia maʻi.

Hōʻalo i ka pili me nā holoholona maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona me nā ʻīlio maʻi a me nā maʻi maʻi, a me kā lākou mau mea e hānai ai a mālama pono ʻia, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, no ka mea e hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia ka maʻi.
Hūnā ke hele. Mai ʻae ʻoe i kāu ʻīlio e ʻai a inu i kekahi mea ma waho o ka wā e hele ana, me ka mea e loaʻa pū me ka leptospira. No ka holo lōʻihi, lawe i ka wai maʻemaʻe no kāu ʻīlio.
Pākuʻi ʻana i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai i nā loko ʻauʻau. Mai ae i kou holoholona i ka ʻauʻau i ka wai me ka wai kūlohelohe, kahi e waiho ai ʻo leptospira ma kahi kūlana no ka lōʻihi.
E hakakā ana i nā koena. Mai ʻae i kāu holoholona i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā kiʻi i nā kiore - he mau mea lawe lākou ʻo ka leptospirosis.
Nā kūlana kūpono o ka paʻa. Hāʻawi i kāu holoholona me nā kūlana kūpono, kahi meaʻai kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau, ʻo ia nā kūlana e pono ai e hoʻoikaika i ka pale kūlohelohe.

He maʻi ʻo Leptospirosis ka mea maʻalahi ke pale aku e ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me nā hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mālama ʻia ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke lawe pono i nā ana kūpono. A inā hoʻomaka ka holoholona holoholona e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻano o ka maʻi - mai haʻaheo i kahi minuke a wikiwiki i ka mea loina.

Hāʻawi i kāu ʻīlio no ka hele me ka wai inu maʻemaʻe, mai hoʻokuʻu ʻoe i ka mea inu mai nā loko. Hoʻi kiʻi: Mark Robinson

ʻOi aku ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻi ʻana i ke kakahiaka nui o ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o ka maʻi a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole no kāu ʻīlio.

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