ʻIke ʻia kēia iʻa ma nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o ka nui o nā wai wai i Europa. ʻO nā kūʻokoʻa kahi hema a me kona ʻaoʻao. Ma Lūkia, ua loaʻa ka iʻa ma ka hapa nui o ke kuʻina. Aia wale no ma ka wahi o Yakutia a me ka aoao hikina o ka aina.

Noho ka manaʻo i nā muliwai o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kahawai Caspian (Volga, Emba, Ural). Noho ka loko i nā muliwai e kahe ana i loko o ke Kaiʻula (mai ke Kuban a hiki i ka Danube). ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia e kū mai ma Crimea. Ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mea ʻōlima, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka United States, kahi i loaʻa ai i ke aʻa i loko o nā kōkana o Connecticut.

He iʻa ʻano maikaʻi he ʻano wai ʻano wai. ʻOiai e maʻalahi ka ʻae ʻana i ka wai pohō a hiki ke noho i loko o ke kai moana. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā loko wai lima, nā muliwai, nā kahe e kahe ana. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā awa kahe wikiwiki, ka mauna. Makemake i ka hoʻolimalima a me nā wahi hohonu. He maʻalahi ke hoʻokūkū kokoke i nā lua, nā kīkuhipa, nā alahaka, nā lulu e kau ana ma luna o ka wai ma o ke kahakai.

ʻAʻohe wahi i pua ʻia ka iʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, maʻalahi ia i ka hoʻololi i ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana. He ʻano paʻakikī loa ʻo ia ma waena o nā ʻohana.

Kāleka

ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke a hiki i ka 35 ... 63 cm, ko lākou kaupaʻa maʻamau ma 2.8 ... 2.0 kg. ʻOiai ka ʻike nui loa, ʻike ʻia ka poʻe lawaiʻa e, he 90 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kaumaha he 8 ... 6 kg. Noho nā iʻa 15 ... 20 mau makahiki.

Pono ke kino o ka iʻa, me ke poʻo pōkole. ʻOi iki ka waha a he liʻiliʻi. I loko o nā kūlana ola, e pili ana i ka manawa o ke makahiki, ka makahiki, ua ʻōlelo paha ka iʻa a i ʻole ʻole e hōʻike iki i nā ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia.

I ka wā kauwela, e hāʻawi ana ke kino o ka iʻa i ka luster metallic. Kapiliʻi Gill, ʻike ʻia ke poʻo ulaula. E loli koke nā kala i ka wā o ke kupapaʻu i ka lā. Hiki iā lākou ke gula, kālā a me nā kala poloka.

He ʻulaʻula nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa. ʻO kekahi mau manawa ka pena a me ka piko. ʻEleʻele ke kua a ʻulaʻula, he ʻāpana ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao. He ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha nā maka ma kahi piko.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka poʻe pākeke me ka ʻōpiopio me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kuʻuna.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻokiʻa ʻia nā ides i ka male ʻana i 3 ... 5 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki. Hoʻā pinepine ka spawning iʻa i ka pūnāwai, i kāna lua o ka lua. Nā kula o ka iʻa, ma hope o ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana i ka hau, wikiwiki i ko lākou mau papahele. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o nā kāne i kēia manawa me nā warts liʻiliʻi melemele. Ua ʻoi aku he 2 mau manawa i nā wahine i loko o nā pua puaʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i nā hua ma nā ides e pili pū me ka pike a me ke ʻano. Ua hiki aku ka mahana o ka wai ma kēia kau a 2 ° C ... 13 ° C. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka spawning manawa ... he 2 mau pule.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar ma kahi hohonu e pili ana i 0.80 m, ma nā kumu o nā mea kanu lalo, i nā ʻano lāʻau ulu maikaʻi o ka makahiki i hala. Ke kuʻi nei i ka manawa like.

ʻO ka hua o ka iʻa, ua puni, 2.0 ... 1.5 mm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou helu i ka iʻa i kona makahiki, ka nui a hiki i 130 mau ʻāpana.

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka manaʻo i ka kuke ʻana

He keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻiʻo. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka momona, akā he nui nā iwi.

Mai ka manaʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke i nā kīʻaha like ʻole. I kēia hihia, ua kāʻai ʻia ka iʻa, paʻakai, ʻālau ʻia, hoʻomohala ʻia, pākaua, paʻakai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ka hoʻopiha ʻana ma ka hana ʻana i nā pai.

ʻAʻole like ia me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, e hoʻōla ʻia ka manaʻo i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ka manawa. Ua ulu ʻia kēia ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia o kāna ʻiʻo e mālama ʻia me nā maʻi pilima hou aʻe.

Loaʻa ka mea ʻono o ka iʻa i ka manawa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. I ka laʻana, i ke kauwela ke hāʻawi nei i ka lepo, a no laila, ma mua o ka kukeʻana, ua pipi ʻia i ka wai paʻakai.

Ua haʻahaʻa ka ʻikepili o ka kalona i nā ʻiʻo kūpono, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi 116.5 kcal. Hāpai ka huahana i ka vitamin PP, nā palekika, nā momona, nā mea i nā trace (hao, chromium, fluorine, nikel, molybdenum).

Pehea e paʻakai ai i kahi manaʻo

No ka paʻakai "Ma lalo o ka salmon" ma ka 1 kg o ka iʻa, 200 g ka paʻakai, 100 g ka paʻakai, nā ʻano ʻona like ʻole (coriander, allspice, a me ka palaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia).

Wehe ʻia ka iʻa ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻoi. ʻO ka ʻili a me ke poʻo i ʻoki a hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana no ka moʻa iʻa. Wehe i nā insides a holoi me kahi lole maloʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i nā kuʻi a me nā ʻolua.

I loko, nā ʻāpana o nā iʻa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka paʻakai, ka kō, ka mea ʻala. Kāu i nā halves a waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻokaumaha. Mālama ʻia ia i loko o ka hale palaka a i loko o ka friji no 2 lā.

Ua like nā iʻa me nā wahi hua ʻōpiopio. Hiki ke hoʻopau koke ʻia a hoʻāla ʻia paha.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka palaoa ma ka umu

Hiki ke kāle ʻia ka iʻa iʻa i nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa. I ka hopena ma hope, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka manaʻo no nā unahi, nā hōʻiliʻili a me nā ʻili. Hoʻokiʻoki i nā pū, holoi maikaʻi. E hoʻoneʻe i ka momona, hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua i 2 mau hola ma kahi hoʻonā paʻakai paʻakai.

Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka Forcemeat mai ʻokiʻoki ʻo 2 mau ʻoliki, wai o ka hapalua o ka lemona, paʻakai, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili lākou i ke kupapaʻu o ka iʻa mai loko.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ke kino e hana ai i nā mea hou i nā iwi. Kāwili ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka paʻakai, ka pepa (ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele). E hoʻokomo i nā apo o ka lemon.

Lulu ʻia ka aila ʻaila ma luna o ka pā palaoa, kau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lālā o ka ʻala sibala. Ma luna o ka waiho ʻana i ke kupapaʻu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. ʻAno nui me ka waiū.

ʻO ka hope, ua uhi paʻa i ka ʻōwili palaoa me ka foil a kau i loko o ka umu, ma luna. Ma lalo e waiho i kahi papa palaoa me ka wai. Tine ʻia i ka umu manaʻo Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma kahi mahana o 180 ° C a me 1 hola i ka manawa. Hoʻokahi hapaha hola ma mua o ka hala o ka foil.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā manaʻo i loko o ka sesame crust

No ka hoʻomākaukau i ka kīʻaha āu e pono ai: nā kupapaʻu o ka manaʻo, 2 mau aniani, 2 mau ʻōmato, 150 g o ka palaoa, 100 g o kaʻaila momona, kahi aniani o ka aila ʻaila, hapalua lemon, 2 mau ʻeka a ke kāleka, kahi kāmole iki o nā mea ʻala "Goldfish", 10 g sesame.

ʻO ka mua ʻoe e kuke i ka iʻa: ʻili, ʻokiʻoki, ʻoki i nā palala, holoi. Eia kekahi, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kalai, e hana i nā ʻanee i nā iwi i nā hapaha o 1,5 cm.ʻa ʻia me ke ʻano o ka iʻa gula ma loko a i waho, hoʻōla ʻia me ka wai lemon, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau ʻāpana i loko o nā ulu. Kolo ʻia ka iʻa i ka wahī palu ʻia a ʻae ʻia i ka holo ʻana no ka hapalua hola.

ʻOkiʻoki i ke komolima kaila, mālama. Hoʻopili wale ʻia kaʻaila, ua ʻoki ʻia nā tōmato.

ʻO ka wai i hana ʻia ma hope o ka pili ʻana, ua hoʻohemo ʻia mai ka manaʻo. I loko o ke kalai, ke kālai ʻia ke kāleka i loko o nā hōʻoki. Kāwili ʻia ka iʻa i ka palaoa.

Ua kau ʻia ka iʻa ma ka foil. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi papana o nā ʻala ʻāala ma luna, a laila e waiho ʻia kahi ʻāpana o kamato i kāwili ʻia me ka waiū. E ninini i nā mea a pau i luna me nā hua sesame.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka iʻa me ka foil, waiho ʻia no 1 hola i ka umu, hoʻomehana a 180 ° C. E like me nā lau ʻohi lau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā greens.

ʻO ka wehewehe

He lōʻihi ka pākeke i kahi 35-53 cm (ka loa 90 cm) ka lōʻihi a kaupaona iā 2-2.8 kg (8 kg). Loaʻa ka ola o ka manaʻo i waena o 15-20 mau makahiki. He pākaha ka nui o ke kino, liʻiliʻi ka waha, pōkole ke poʻo. Wahi a ka manawa o ka makahiki, kahi a me ke makahiki, hiki i ka iʻa ke hōʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻāina hānau o nā ʻāina ʻo Scandinavian nā ʻāina.

I ka pūnāwai, ua loaʻa i ka gill ke poʻo a me ka poʻo kumumana kahi ʻano gula hue, aia i loko o ka lā i ka lole, kala leo ʻeleʻele. He uliuli ke kua, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. ʻAno ulaula ka lalo, lateral fins, a he ʻeleʻele ka loko o ka caudal. Aia nā maka i kahi melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi wahi uliuli ma luna.

ʻAi pōkole ka iʻa, ʻai i nā mea kanu akuʻala kiʻekiʻe, nā koina pepeke, nā mollusks, a me nā wīwī ma ka umauma.

Ke lilo nei ke manaʻo i ka moe kolohe i ka makahiki 3-5 o ke ola. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spawning i ka lua o ka pūnāwai. I ka wā o kēia manawa, ua uhi ʻia ke kino o nā kāne me nā kaua melemele liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mahalo loa, ka poʻe wahine i aliʻi i loko o nā pua hipa, ʻo 2 mau manawa hou aku. Kūpono kahi manaʻo no 1-2 mau pule i ka manawa like me kahi paila a me kahi aniani i ka mahana wai o 2-13 mau degere. Eia nō ka nui o nā mamo i ka nui o ka wahine, ʻo kona makahiki a hiki i ka 130 tausani ʻāpana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar ma ke aʻa o nā mea kanu kai ma lalo o 0.8 m.

ʻO ke anaʻoi a me ke ola ola

Ma ka milenona 6-10 mau makahiki, ulu ka iʻa i ka lōʻihi o 30-50 cm a loaʻa ke kaumaha 2.0-3.0 kg. He ʻano hiʻohiʻona kēia mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā tropi specimens, kahi ʻike nui i loaʻa i kēia manawa. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke ola i nā makahiki 15-20. Aia i ka pākeke ke loaʻa ka piʻi nui i ka lōʻihi o ke kino (a hiki i 80-90 cm) a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka nui.

ʻO ka manaʻo nui ka laulā he 8,2 kg me ke kiʻekiʻe o kekahi ma mua o kahi mika (102 cm). ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kāhili maʻamau hou. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o ka paona o ka iʻa ma kahi o 0.5-1.5 kg, e hōʻike ana i kahi hōʻeuʻeu nui o nā holoholona ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā wahi me nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manawa lōʻihi, ka ulu ulu nui o ka lawaiʻa hākinakina, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mīkini kiʻinai kiʻekiʻe hiki ke kū i nā kaumaha kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻohui kūlohelohe

ʻO ka ʻiʻo o ka manaʻo ke keʻokeʻo-melemele, ʻono hua, ʻono ʻia, i komo ʻia e ka nui o nā iwi. Manaʻo ia ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka iʻa me nā maʻi lahilahi, no ka neutralization kahi o ke kupua i ʻōlohelohe i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka punetēlena o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano kālena (a hiki i ka hapalua hola).

I ka 100 g o ka ʻai, 117 kcal, 75,4 g ka wai, 19 g ka protein, 4,5 g o ka momona a me 1.1 g o ka lehu e kāloli ʻia.

I ke kauwela, hiki i ka iʻa ke hāʻawi i ka lepo, no laila, ma mua o ka kuke ʻana i hoʻomohu ʻia i ka wai paʻakai no ka liʻiliʻi loa 1 hola.

He aha ke ʻano o ka iʻa manaʻo maikaʻi.

ʻO nā puʻupuʻu pōkole liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻōpiopio oblong i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻula kala kala ākea, pale a me nā maka gula. Ua lawa kēia wehewehe ʻana no ka hilahila ʻole i ka ʻōpio ʻo Leuciscus idus me ka roach, nona kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi kaʻe ʻulaʻula, ka ʻōpū haʻahaʻa, nā ʻōpū ʻulaʻula a me nā hulu hulu ʻōpū, nā mea hoʻopihapiha loa.

ʻO nā manaʻo pākeke he mau hōʻailona hōʻailona ʻē aʻe:

• he māno kino hohonu me nā hua ohe o ke kuahiwi i nā turquoise-ʻōmaʻomaʻo,
• he ʻōpū keʻokeʻo-hau keʻokeʻo me nā keel e ʻike aniani.
• ʻāpana-ʻulaʻulaʻula o ka umauma, ka ʻili a me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū,
• oblique terminal waha, ʻaʻole e hiki aku i ka laina o nā maka he nui me ka ʻalani a me nā pua nui.
• he poʻo pōkole, ma hope o nā uhi nui,
• nā kihi gula keleawe
• nā pāʻālua medium-rahi, paʻa paʻa kūpono i ke ʻano cycloid.

Wahi a nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka noho ʻana, ʻokoʻa paha nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ke kino, akā i ka manawa like, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ke ana o ka ahinahina o nā ʻōuli mai ke kumu mai luna mai i kahi kihi a i ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa e mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO ka iʻa fossil kahiko - pikaya, i noho ma ka Honua ma kahi o 530 miliona mau makahiki o ka makahiki SM. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo ia - 4-5 cm, a ua hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau - ke hana kēia i ka pikaya ma o ka ʻaʻa ʻana i ke kino. ʻO ka bead-feather, nona ka manaʻo ia, i hele mai e pili ana he haneli miliona mau makahiki ma hope - ʻo nā makana mua loa ʻike ʻia o kēia papa - ʻo Andreolepis hedei.

Pēlā, ʻo ka iʻa ʻāpono i hana ʻia kekahi o nā mea kanu kahiko loa i mālama ʻia ma ka lewa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, no nā pōʻai i hala iho nei, ua loli nui ka mea, a ua hele hou nā ʻano hou o kēia wā - ua loaʻa ka bony mua ma kahi o 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala.

Lilo a me pōpilikia

ʻO ka fillet manaʻo he kumu ia o ka macro- a me nā microelements, maʻalahi digestible protein a me nā polyunsaturated fatty acid, kahi i piha piha i ke kino o ke kanaka. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻoholo ai i ka huahana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal a me ka nalo, endocrine, cardiovascular, circulatory system.

Hoʻohana pololei ka waiwai o nā ʻelele o nā cyprinids i ka kūlana kālaiʻike o ke kaila i noho ai lākou a me ka lako e hāʻawi ai i ka meaʻai.

Wahi a WHO, me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana o ka iʻa, ma ka liʻiliʻi o 2 mau manawa i ka hebedoma, emi iki ka ulu ʻana o ka atherosclerosis, hōʻeuʻeu i ka naʻau, a me ka maʻi hōʻino. ʻAe ʻia nā mea Nutrists e hoʻokomo i ka huahana i kahi ʻano i hoʻolapalapa ai i ka papa o nā mea maʻi e maʻi ana i nā maʻi ʻo ka gastrointestinal tract, ʻoiai e ʻeli ʻia ana no 2 mau wa me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pānaʻi haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka assimilation o ka ʻai i loko o kahi kaila like ʻole e koi i ka 2.5 mau manawa hou aku.

Pono nā waiwai o ka manaʻo:

• hoʻoikaika i ka kiko o ka iwi, ma nā niho kūikawā, e hāpai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka ʻūhā kūpono, pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka osteoporosis,
• hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona,
• pale i ka nele o ka huaora,
• hōʻemi i ka ʻāʻī o ke aʻalolo, hoʻopaʻa i ka huhū a me ka hoʻonāukiuki,
• hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pīhoihoi coronary,
• hōʻemi i nā pae kolane, hoʻonui i ka leo vascular, pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi Parkinson.

ʻO ka hōʻeha kino o ka manaʻo, ua wehewehe ʻia ma ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o kahi ʻāina i haumia. I ka hopena, hoʻohuihui ka ʻiʻo palu i nā pesticides, radionuclides, nā mea pālahalaha o nā metala koʻikoʻi mai kahi waihona waiwai, e lilo nā mea make a me ka weliweli ʻole e ʻai. Eia kekahi, i loko o ka paʻakai a me ka puka maloʻo, ua contraindicated no nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka maʻi hypertension a me ka maʻi.

He manaʻo ʻo ka iʻa bony. Hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai ka iwi ʻuʻuku loa, i ka wā hoʻoili ʻia, hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ka esophagus a i ʻole pharynx. No kēia mea, ʻaʻohe pono e hāʻawi ia i nā keiki liʻiliʻi.

Nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa:

• pinepine au maʻi
• ʻaʻole pono nā huaora omega-3 pono,
• hao koke lākou
• hopu i ka pōpilikia o ka maʻi me nā pōpilikia (i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka ʻiola i hoʻopiha ʻia).

ʻAʻole lawa ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa wai ma ke kino o ke kanaka ma mua o ka iʻa kai. Eia kekahi, koi nā nutrists i ka pono e wehe i ka ide smoke mai ka papa ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka wā o ka hoʻōla ʻana, hōʻiliʻili kekahi huahana i nā carcinogens i loko o ka ʻiʻo, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanesa.

ʻO nā manaʻo a me ka chub - kahiʻokoʻa ma ka waho

ʻO ka pilikia o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano pili like ma muli o ko lākou ʻano like ʻole e hōʻike wale i nā mākaʻikaʻi o nā mea ʻike ʻole. Ke ʻike nei nā kānaka ʻike ʻole me ka pilikia ʻole ma hea ka iʻa. ʻAʻole ia e lawe i ke ʻano o nā nuances kūleʻa o ke kala, hiki ke aneane like i loko o kekahi awāwa a wai ʻole paha.

Inā maopopo ʻole ʻoe i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi manaʻo mai kahi chub, e hoʻohana i ka ʻike kūlike i ka papa ma lalo.

Ke maopopo pono i kekahi mau ʻano kūikawā, lawa ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā hōʻailona hoʻohālikelike mua ʻekolu. ʻOiai ke ʻano kū i waho o ka asp, ʻoiai ua maopopo ka manaʻo i ka nui o kona waha, ke poʻo i mua a kuhikuhi i nā pua.

Wikiō: Yaz

I ka wā mua, ua liʻiliʻi lākou i ka nui, ua hoʻomohala ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā lākou ulu a hiki i ka hiki ʻana i ka lehulehu i ka manawa Cretaceous, ke nalo aku nei ka hapa nui o nā mea ola nui mai ke alo o ka Honua. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā niches nui he nui ka mea i hoʻomaka ai ka noho ʻana o ka sinu a ka poʻe i noho ai: no ka mea, ua mana ka mamalia ma ka ʻāina, aia lākou i ka wai. Ua hiki pū nō hoʻi ka pūpū i ka ʻuʻina, ua lilo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano he nui - no ka laʻana, ua make nā iʻa me ka wai make.

Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā noi ʻana o ka ichthyolites - nā ʻōpio mikroskopika o nā niho a me nā unahi iʻa, inā nā maniki i ka moana i ka hopena o ka Cretaceous manawa, ma hope o ka pōʻino, ua hoʻomaka ka mana i ka huli ʻana i ka bony, ka nui o nā ʻano a me nā nui o kēia mau iʻa e hoʻomaka.

A laila, kū i ke kaʻa lāʻau like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana e pālahalaha aku i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. No ka laʻana, hiki lākou i ʻAmelika e pili ana i 20-23 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka kū ʻana o ka ides ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pololei ʻia, aia paha he mau miliona wale nō makahiki i hala. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema ʻana o kēia ʻano i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Karl Linney i ka makahiki 1758, ma mua, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻia ia e nā cyprinids a kapa ʻia ʻo ʻo ʻo ʻoininusususus.Akā ua ʻike ʻia ka pili ia o ka manaʻo no ka genus Elts a i ʻole, i ka Latin, Leuciscus. Ke hopena, ua puka mai ka inoa ʻenekema o kēia ʻano - Leuciscus idus.

Manaʻo - home

Hoʻopili nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka aneane holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻāina hema hema a me nā ʻāina hema. Ma Lūkia, noho ka iʻa ma ka waena waena, i ka Urals, i Siberia a hiki i ka Repubalika Sokh. Hōʻike ʻia ka taxon me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka wai wela e pili ana i ke kaona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wai me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke anuanu a lele ʻole nā ​​kahe wai i nā wai o nā kuahiwi a me nā loko. Noho ka nui o nā kānaka ma nā muliwai o Azins, Baltic, Caspian a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻeleʻele (me ka ʻike ʻole o Crimea).

ʻOiai ke kūlana wai wai, hoʻopili like ka iʻa me ka wai paʻakai, no laila e loaʻa pinepine i nā wahi ʻuʻuna a me ka nui o ka uku. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, makemake nui ʻo ia e kahe ʻana o nā wahi wai hohonu me ka kahe mālie a i ʻole a i ʻole ka mea ʻūʻaha paha ka wai (nā ʻāpana palaki, nā loko, nā puna wai, nā loko wai. He wahi lawaiʻa punahele ma ke kahawai a me nā punawai o ka Volga, Lena, Kuban, Ob, Urals. Eia nō hoʻi, hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano i loko o ʻAmelika, kahi i hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻia ai i nā moku ma kahiki, ʻoiai loa ma Connecticut.

"Ka paʻakai o ka manaʻo"

• ke kō - 100 g
• paʻakai - 200 g
• nā kamalani o ka iʻa - 4 pcs.,
• allentice, ʻohana.

1. E holoi i ka iʻa, e ʻoki a ʻoki a me ke poʻo, ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpū, wehe i nā ʻili, e holoi me ka lole maloʻo. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe i nā ʻāpana, kuʻi pōpilikia.
2. Hoʻomoʻa i ka piha i ka iʻa me nā mea ʻala, ke kō a me ka paʻakai.
3. E waiho i nā kalaiwa ma lalo o ka hoʻoluhi, e waiho ma kahi anu no ka 2 mau lā.

ʻOno nā ʻano iʻa maikaʻi e like me ka salmon. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka māla a palau paha.

E hoʻomanaʻo i ka mālama ʻokoʻa aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka iʻa. I ka pau ʻana o ka evisceration, holoi holoi nā kaʻa i ko lākou mau lima, a ʻokiʻoki i ka papa ʻoki a me ke pahi me ka wai kaila. Inā ʻaʻole, loaʻa ka nui o ka maʻi me nā wī.

Hoʻolāleʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona momona

Mālama ka manaʻo i nā hana olakino ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, me ka hāʻule ʻole o ka pua maoli. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻia ʻo "manawa make" me nā hau nui o Pepeluali, ka makani anuʻu a me ka hau maloʻo ke kumu o ka hana pōkole no ka manawa pōkole i loko o nā lua manuahi. ʻO ka “hoa” mau loa i ka ʻoi meaʻai maʻalahi ua lula kekahi - ka lula, kahi e lohi ai ke kaʻina o ke ola ma lalo o nā kumu like ʻole.

Mālama ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i nā holoholona nui ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai. ʻO nā hui me nā mea kanu iʻa ke kūpaʻa, kahi lalo paʻakikī me ka nui o nā pā, a me nā snag e koho ʻia ma nā wahi paʻa. Mahele nui ka poʻe nui, makaʻu i ka walaʻau, e like me ka pālahalaha ākea me ka papa lohi a hohonu hoʻi. I ka manawa like, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā paia i nā ʻohe a me nā “windows” i waena o nā lilia wai, e pale ʻole ana i nā hālāwai me nā pihi nui.

He mea kupaianaha nō nā lālā lawaiʻa hou e ʻike inā he poʻe poʻe kuhihewa lākou a ʻaʻole paha e huki i kahi mauʻu hopu. Ma waena o nā cyprinids maluhia, ke kūlana kūʻokoʻa o ke karnivorous "keokeo keʻokeʻo" wale nō ka asp, a ma ka ʻaoʻao gastronomic e makemake ai i nā mea ulu a me nā makahiki keu o kāna ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, ua hopu koke kekahi iʻa i kahi mea liʻiliʻi, ʻuʻuku iā ia me ka pū a me kahi hua huluhulu e hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke iā ia i kona waha nui.

ʻO ka manaʻo he kai honua a me kahi ala semi-predatory o ke ola, ka mea, e hilinaʻi ana i ka manawa a me nā ʻano o nā meaʻai, hiki ke ʻano like me kahi benthophage a i ʻole planktonophage, e hānai ana i ka lalo a i ʻole ka wai.

ʻO ka papa kai nui ka:

• zooplankton, rotifers, daphnia, brine honu (i ke kahua o kahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio),
• huhū, mollusks, leeches, tadpoles,
• mauʻu heʻuʻuku a me nā pōpoki, palaoa, ʻōpio uʻi (i ka wai mahana),
• mau ʻōpala, koko pili, kolo o nā chironomids, nā manu manu a me nā caddis lele,
• pohū, pōlū, nāhelehele, hymenoptera a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe e hāʻule ana i loko o ka wai.

Me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 15-20 cm, hoʻomaka e ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o mua. ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka hopu ʻana i ka gudgeon liʻiliʻi, muram, roach, ke kalepa crossian. Mahalo i ia ʻano kīnā e hoʻōla ai i ka ʻai, ua mālama ʻia ka iʻa i ke kī i ka hemahema o ke ʻano i loaʻa i loko o nā māla hui o nā ichthyofauna.

"Ka ʻāpono ʻana i kahi manaʻo"

Nā wai:

• wai lemon - 30 ml,
• aniani - 2 pcs.,
• iʻa aiʻa - 4 pcs.,
• Lolo - 0,5 pcs
• ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele, paʻakai,
• ʻōmole
• aila ʻaila.

1. Hoʻopili i ka iʻa, ʻoki i nā fins, holoi.
2. E hoʻopau i ka momona o ka lepo, pono ke kau ʻia i ka manaʻo i loko o ka hoʻonā paʻakai paʻakai no 2 mau hola.
3. Kāʻoki a ʻohi i ka ʻala, kāwili ʻia me nā mea ʻala, ka wai lemon. ʻO ka hopena hopena e hoʻopiha ai i ke kupapaʻu mai loko.
4. Hana i nā kuhi hewa i waho o ke kino. E hoʻokomo i nā apo o ka lemon. Hoʻopili i ka pulupulu o ka manaʻo me ka paʻakai a me ka pepa.
5. E ninini i ka aila ʻaila ma kahi pā palaoa, kau i nā apo kuala ma luna, e waiho i nā mea make, kāʻei me ka ʻono ʻono. E uhi i ka puka me ka foil, kau i loko o ka umu preheated no 1 hola, e mālama ana i kahi mahana o 180 deg. 15 mau minuke ma mua o ka kuke ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa, e hoʻoneʻe i ka pepa "metala".

Kūpono nui nā kīʻaha ma waena o nā gourmets a puni ka honua, no ka mea me ka hui pū me ka hapa nui. I waena o lākou: nā kālani, nā ʻuala, ka ʻakaʻaka, ka cilantro, ka mint, ka spinach, ka pāhala, ka ʻalaʻala, ke kīwī, ka waiū, ka huaʻai porcini, nā ʻōpū ʻōpala, nā kumulāʻau, nākaiki, ka ʻapo, ka lemon zest.

Nā mea ʻala e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka iʻa: sesame, thyme, nutmeg, kope, kaheka, coriander. I mea e hoʻomālamalama ai i ka manaʻo pilikino o ka manaʻo, ka pia, ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo, ka palaoa palaoa, ka ʻūhā, ʻeliʻa ʻala. E lawelawe me ka wai pāʻai.

Kūpono o nā manaʻo

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, "maʻamau" taxon ʻo Leuciscus idus. ʻO ia ka mea e noho ai i nā wahi waiwai kūpono a hoʻoholo i ke ʻano ʻano o ka iʻa. Aia nō kekahi mau ʻano hanohano e kū aʻe ma lalo o ka mana o ke kanaka a i ke climatic, nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī.

• ʻO Orffa, a i ʻole ka manaʻo gula (Leuciscus idus var. Orfus) he ʻano akamai no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka mālama ʻana i loko o nā loko wai. He ona dorsal kahi helu me nā helu he nui - 10-12 e kūlike i ka moʻo 8-9. I ke anuanu, he hiki ole. ʻO nā wili i loko o ka lua me ke kalima a me ke kalima. Hoʻohālikelike ia i kahi kala gula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi, pinepine me nā poli ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​ʻulaʻula hoʻi. Hoʻoulu ia i 50 cm ka lōʻihi me ke kaumaha o 1.5-2 kg.
• ʻO Turkestan (Leuciscus idus oxianus) kahi subspecies liʻiliʻi e noho ana i ka paona moana o Aral. Aia ia ma ka waena waena a i lalo haʻahaʻa o ka Amu Darya a me Syr Darya. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka 25-30 cm me ke kaumaha o 700-900 gram. He mau heiau liʻiliʻi loa - 52-55 mau ʻāpana i ka laina o hope. E kūlike ka kala nui i ke kumu ʻauhau.

ʻO ka lawaiʻa hoʻoilo

I ka hoʻoilo, ka ides i loko o nā lua, pili ʻia i ka palaa a me ka perch. Me ka holomua o ka makana, e holo nui ana i nā waha o nā kahawai. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki ke hopu ʻia me ka perch bait, a hiki pū me ke kāʻei ʻana i ka hohonu a hiki i ka 0.5 m ke wāwā ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke noho kokoke i nā pille o nā ʻano hydraulic ʻē aʻe a i waena o nā kīnika i hoʻopiha ʻia i loko o nā hipa liʻiliʻi, ua hopu ʻia me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Noho wale nā ​​spimens nui wale ma luna o ka papapa wahi kokoke kokoke i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

ʻO ka pinepine i kahi manaʻo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma luna o nā pike, ua hopu ʻia i ka wā e haki ana ka perch, e hopu ana i kahi maunu a ola mauʻu. Hoʻoulu ia i ka pō o ka pūnāwai me ka hau melio. ʻO ia ka manawa o ia e hoʻomaka e ʻai a hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā mea pāpaona e kaupaona ana ma mua o 500 g.

No ka hoʻāmi i ka lawaiʻa i ka hoʻoilo, pono ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i kahi hoʻomoana IDE ma mua. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ka driftwood, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā pōhaku, e hoʻopulapula i nā wahi kūpono 3 m ka hohonu. Kākoʻo pili ʻia ma ka lalo pālapa i ka hoihoi ʻia o nā iʻa.

Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻili a me ke kakahiaka, akā loaʻa ka manaʻo i ka pō a hiki i ke kakahiaka. I ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau lawaiʻa, kahi ma ka ʻai o nā mea kanu (pea puree) me nā protein hoʻohui, larvae o nā ʻalā, nā kahe koko, nā pala kīwā, nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā ʻōpala pipi. Ma nā muliwai nui, ua hopu ʻia nā ides no nā iʻa liʻiliʻi: Verkhovka, rudd, pīpī crucian carp, a me ka puaʻa. E pīkī aku me ke kūpaʻa, no laila ke kālai ʻia ma hope o ka hōʻike o 3 kekona.

ʻO nā waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka manaʻo

ʻO ka iʻa wai wai, nā ʻelele o nā cyprinids, kahi e waiho ai i ka carp, bream, tench, roach, crucian carp, carp, asp, ide a me ke kala kala, ua manaʻo lōʻihi loa ia he kumu no ka waiwai piha o ka protein a me nā huaora.

ʻO ka ʻai manaʻo manaʻo he 117 kcal., Pūmala Pato, potasiuma, ka phosphorus, ka mea pū kekahi i ka calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, hao, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, nikel, me ka huaʻai PP, etc.

Māmā maʻalahi a loaʻa i nā manaʻo. Kuke ʻia a kālua ʻia paha, ʻo ia kahi huahana nui no nā meaʻai ʻai meaʻai. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka iʻa no nā maʻi puʻuwai, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka gastritis a me ka ʻūhā gastric.

ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka manaʻo - ka protein me kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o nā waikawa amino pono. ʻO ka mea nui o lākou he tryptophan, lysine, methionine a me ka taurine.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo manaʻo nā mea waiwai nui loa: calcium a me ka phosphorus. ʻO kona hoʻohana maʻamau e pale aku i ka osteoporosis, hoʻoikaika i nā niho a me nā iwi.

ʻO nā mea iʻa a me ka wai iʻa a maikaʻi ke kīʻaha maikaʻi e hōʻeuʻeu i ka hāhai ʻana. Hoʻonui nā mea hoʻonui i ka wai i ka mea huna o ka wai pākela a me nā enzyme pancreatic. No laila, ʻae maikaʻi ka pepeiao a me ka aspic no gastritis me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Nā waiwai kino o ke manaʻo

ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai a maloʻo ua contraindicated i ka poʻe maʻi hypertensive a me nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi ʻoi loa.

ʻO ka iʻa bony manaʻo maikaʻi, hoʻōla ʻole i ka iwi iʻa iʻa a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pōʻino o ka ʻōpū.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai kūpono a me nā pōʻino o ka manaʻo i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ke kōnaa i loaʻa ai iā ia.

ʻO kēlā ka waiwai maikaʻi e hiki ai iā Yayayaz! Hōʻike ka wikiō i kekahi lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻoliʻoli maoli nō i ka iʻa i hopu ʻia. Ua loaʻa kēia wikiō ma mua o 7 miliona mau manaʻo ma YouTube i kēia lā, a ua lilo kāna mea kākau, ʻo Viktor Nikolayevich Goncharenko, i lilo he kikowaena pūnaewele ola.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka manaʻo iʻa

Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi manaʻo e nā hiʻohiʻona: hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke ke hele i 35-57 cm, a ʻo ka paona o ka iʻa hoʻokahi he 2-2.7 kg. I nā pilikia liʻiliʻi, hiki i kahi manaʻo ke kū i ke 90 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ke kumukūʻai o 6 kg. He pōkole ke poʻo, he mānoanoa ke kino, ʻuanui ka waha, liʻiliʻi ka nui. He mea nui ia e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i ka habitat, manawa a me ke makahiki, e ʻokoʻa iki paha nā lula.

I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka spawning, he kino lihi metala ke kino o ke ʻano, he mea gula ke poʻo a me nā poʻo. I ka huli ʻana i ka lā, ke alaula ka kala a loaʻa i ke gula, kala a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula polū. ʻAeʻeleʻele ke kala o ke kua i hope, keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao, a me ka ʻōpū me ka ʻāpana kala. Loaʻa nā pala ma ka ʻū a me ke kua, a he ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeke lalo a i ʻole ʻaoʻao. ʻĀhinahina nā maka a he wahi ʻeleʻele ma luna.

I ka pīkī, ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ke silvery, ʻoi aku ka palaka ma nā kūlike me nā iʻa pākeke.

I ka wā male, ua ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi o ke keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo a me ke kino o nā kāne, a nalowale ma hope o ka spawning. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka male, a ʻokoʻa lākou i like me kēia mau hiʻohiʻona mai nā wahine.

Ke noho maʻamau

Holo pinepine nā ides i nā pūʻulu, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka wā o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makahiki o ka wai e noho ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou helu. ʻO nā iʻa nui e like me ke ola wale ʻana, e ʻākoakoa wale nō i nā mahina hoʻoilo, me ka wā o ka spawning. Hoʻomaʻaʻo nā ides i ka paʻakai wai a hiki i ka 10 grika no ka lita, no laila e ʻike ʻia ma nā muliwai a ʻaʻole hoʻi i paʻakai ʻia.

Ma Lūkia, makemake nā lua amateurs a me nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e hopu i nā iʻa nui, no ka mea noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa maikaʻi eʻoi aku ma mua o 29 cm, inā inā iʻa ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ma ka pahu, a laila hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia ia i loko o ka muliwai.

Hiki ke ola i kahi manaʻo e like me ka 10, a ʻo 15 paha mau makahiki. Inā inā e noho ma kahi ʻāpono i hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa kahi manawa kūpono e ʻai ai i ka meaʻai maikaʻi, a laila ola ka iʻa a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.

Apana ʻāina

He mea maʻamau kēia manaʻo i loko o ʻEulopa, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka hema a me ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o ʻEulopa. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia iʻa ma Siberia a me Yakutia. Noho ka wai i nā kahawai ʻo ka ʻeleʻele o ke Kaiʻula, hoʻomaka me ka Danube a hoʻopau a me ke Kuban (ʻaʻole i loko o Crimea), ma ka ʻĀpana o Caspian i ka moku Volga, Emba a me Ural. Eia nō kekahi, ua lawe ʻia mai ka manaʻo i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi i mākaukau maikaʻi ʻia ai i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Connecticut.

ʻO Ecology a me ke kūlana ola

ʻO ka manaʻo kēia he iʻa wai wai, akā hiki ke noho ʻia ma ka wai o ka loko o ka loko wai. Noho ka iʻa pēlā ma:

ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā manaʻo i nā kahawai wela, wikiwiki a mauna hoʻi. E ʻoi aku ia i ka hohonu o nā kahawai me kahi kahe lū, nā siliki a me ka pālolo. Noho ʻo ia kahi kokoke i nā alahaka, kahi i loaʻa i ka puʻu, ka puʻu ma lalo o nā keʻe, a kokoke hoʻi kokoke i ke kahakai, kahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Wahi a Sabaneyev (ʻo ka mea iʻa iʻa iʻa), he kūpono ʻoi ʻono he ʻano paʻakikī i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā loli. ʻAʻole hāʻule kēia mau iʻa i ka wā hānau.

He aha nā manaʻo e ʻai ai i ke ʻano?

He manaʻo ʻo ia kahi iʻa i mea e hānai ai i nā kānaka a pau, hiki iā ia ke kanu a me ka meaʻai ʻole mea kanu. Ua like lākou me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā palulu a me nā baki. ʻO ka iʻa ʻo Semi-predatory, e like me ka manaʻo, hiki ke ʻai wale i ka lā hoʻokahi i ka hoʻohālikelike i ka iʻa predatory, kahi e hiki ke ʻai i ka wā lōʻihi. Akā inā ʻoe e hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻāpana hapa-mua me ka iʻa e ʻai wale i nā mea kanu, pono ʻoe e ʻai ʻelua i ka lā i kēlā lā, ua lawa nā meaʻai e ʻai hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka waiwai nui loa no ka poʻe noho o ka muliwai, ʻo ia ka mea e kau ai i ka ua, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā hau i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, ka wehe ʻana o nā kī. Ke piʻi ka nui o kēia manawa, nui ka mea kanu mea kanu i ka iʻa, ua lawa no nā kai a me nā kaona.

I ka manawa o kēia manawa, noho ka ides ma ka kahe wai, no ka mea i loaʻa i ka meaʻai nui i kēia wahi. ʻAʻole hilinaʻi nā ides o ka loko i ke kai, akā he mea nui ka ua no ke ola, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopiha i ka loko me ka wai maʻemaʻe, akā i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā ides āpau, me ko lākou noho ʻana, e hānai i nā waʻu kokoke, akā e hana i kēia i ke ao, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka lono.

Kūpono manaʻo

ʻO ka wā ʻōpiopio o nā kāne e hele i 2 mau makahiki, ke hiki ke nui o ko lākou nui 25 cm, me ke kaumaha o 250 gram. Ma ke Akau, puka ʻo ka wā puberty 1-2 mau makahiki ma hope aku. Hoʻopili ka spawning ma nā ides ma mua o ka manawa, aia ka melika a kahe a ka wai a hiki i ka 7 tikelika.

I kēia manawa, māhele ʻia ka poʻe i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu, kēlā me kēia me ia i nā iʻa o ka makahiki like. A laila hele mai lākou i ka ʻona o ka wai a ʻimi i kahi kūpono no ka hoʻomoe. Inā noho nā ides i nā muliwai nui, a laila i ka wā i uha ai lākou e ʻauʻau i nā waʻa pāpaku a kau aku hoʻi i nā pōhaku, ʻaʻole nui ka hohonu o ka hoʻopaha i ka 50 cm, ʻo nā mea kanu o ka makahiki i hala e lilo ai he papa no lākou.

I ka wā hoʻomaha, lele nā ​​kāne i ka ihu a kau ma laila. E lele ana i nā ides a hiki i ʻekolu lā, akā e hoʻokō ʻia nei ma kahi papa hoʻokahi: ʻo ka mua nā ʻelemakule hele mua, a hele nā ​​ʻōpio hope. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻa, hoʻi ka poʻe noho o ka muliwai i ko lākou wahi i hala.

No kahi hapakō hoʻokahi, hiki i kahi wahine ke waiho mai 40 a 150 tausani hua.

Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōkuhi i loko o 3 mau lā e kaʻe ana ʻole me ka neʻe, ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā pōhaku a i nā mea kanu lāʻau me ke kōkua ʻana o kekahi mea e hoʻopili ʻia e nā kola sima. Ma hope o kēlā, hele mai lākou, ʻauʻau a ʻai hoʻi ma kā lākou iho, e aʻo ana e ola i ko lākou iho. 3-5 mau lā lākou i noho ai i ka wahi like, a laila e holo pale i nā kahakai kahakai.

Ke neʻe nei nā ides e noho ana i loko o ka loko i ka wā e neʻe ai i nā ʻukā e kokoke ana a i nā wai pāpū paha, kahi e uhi ai nā ʻōpala. I ka pauʻana o ka spawning, hele lākou i ka hohonu, a ma hope o 3 mau lā puka lākou i ka ʻai a ʻai ikaika, e ʻimi ana i nā kekona.

Manaʻo manaʻo maikaʻi

Hōʻike nā haʻuki a me nā lawaiʻa nui i ka makemake i ka hopu ʻana i ka manaʻo, no ka mea ua nui kēia iʻa me ka nui o nā mea pono. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kēia ʻano iʻa i ka makahiki āpau a puni.ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa ʻono loa a maikaʻi i ke olakino, loaʻa pū kekahi i nā vitamina a me nā minela, a me ka protein e pono ai no ka hoʻomōhala pono ʻana o ka nui o ke kino.

Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa

Loaʻa kahi manaʻo ma nā lāʻau lawaiʻa like ʻole, kahi e hopu ai i kahi manaʻo a me ka mea, e hoʻoholo ai ke kanaka nona iho. Aia nō ia i ka wa e hele ai ka lawaiʻa.

No nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa kūpono nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa:

• lele lele,
• eli paʻa hao
• Kālā kā Bologna
• match rod
• donka
• hānai,
• pain baʻa,
• lele lawaiʻa
• ka pua
• milo

I ka hoʻoilo, pono ka pā kaua e hopu ai i ka hapalua hapaha.

• ʻao,
• kekahi wahi lawaiʻa me kahi papahele, pono mau i lalo o ka wai, i ʻole ka mokuahi i ka aila.

He hiki ʻole hoʻi e ʻōlelo inā wehe ka manawa no ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa like me ka manaʻo, no ka mea hiki ke hopu ʻia i kekahi manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoka wale i ka haki nui, akā me ka hoʻomehana liʻiliʻi ʻana, hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e ʻoliʻoli i ka lawaiʻa me kahi mea ʻuʻī ikaika.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hana ʻai nui loa he 5 mau lā ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka spawning a i ka wā e hoʻohemo ai ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo. Akā i ke ngahulu, he palupalu ka zhor ma mua o ka hopena o ke kīnā ʻana, akā e lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he 3 hebedoma.

Hoʻopili i nā lures

Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha o kēia ʻano iʻa, no laila, ʻo ka lures ka liʻiliʻi mai ka 0 a hiki i ka 2, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka pūnihi ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i 4 cm. ʻO nā pili, ʻo ka nui o lākou ka nui o ka 5. He manaʻo maikaʻi ka iʻa a me ka makaʻala, no laila e pono ʻoe i ka iʻa i ka malu , a he nani pono. ʻO kahi laina lawaiʻa polikino me ka diameter o 0.22 mm a me nā lehena o 0.18 mm e kūpono no ke kāʻei.

Inā hana ka lawaiʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi papahele, hoʻohana nā lures i kēia aʻe:

• ʻūhā
• la kamana,
• hakilele,
• maggot
• manu-ka,
• he bear
• Chafer,
• ʻili ʻoi
• kakaka,
• pua o ka ʻili
• aniani
• ʻōpalae
• mormyshka me kahi ʻāpana o ka iʻa,
• pi,
• ʻāwela
• semolina
• ulia pepeke
• nā ʻōpala
• pili koko.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka mea kanu i ka manaʻo: nā pā pā maloʻo, maloʻo, semolina, berena, etc.

No ka hopu ʻana i nā ides, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka mauʻano maʻalahi, akā naʻe me ka mea ʻala:

• vanilla
• aila ʻaila
• nā lālā ʻalā.

Hiki ke hana ʻia kēlā mau pāla i ka home mai ka berena me ka hoʻohui o ka pālolo. Ua hilinaʻi ka huikau a ma ka manawa like, no laila e kū mau ka lawaia ma ka paʻa. ʻAʻole lawa ka liʻiliʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana e hoʻohana ana.

Me nā mea kanu, algae - mulberry, maikaʻi loa, e ʻoi aku ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka wailua. E hoʻomaka ana ma Mei, ʻo ka paani kēia e hoʻokani nei i kāna lawaiʻa maikaʻi, ʻaʻole wale nō ka manaʻo, akā nō hoʻi:

ʻAʻole kūpono loa nā wana i kahi 10 cm no ka maunu, he ʻōiwi e hū ʻia ana a puni ka pā me ka hoʻopili ʻia, a waiho hoʻi i kahi laka liʻiliʻi e kau ai.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ia mau algae ma nā pōhaku ma ka hohonu o 30 cm, a ma nā kumulāʻau a me nā kūkulu pānaʻi (nā hale hoʻokipa, nā moʻo, nā ala ala).

No ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma nā iʻa liʻiliʻi: dace, bleak, gudgeon a me nā pā liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi he iʻa iʻa, hele i ka ʻai, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole i nā ʻōpala ʻāleka.

Ma ke wikiō ma lalo nei, ua ʻimi ka lawaiʻa i kahi manaʻo no nā mea hoʻonaninani home. E haʻi ana i ka iʻa, ma nā wahi a ma nā wahi.

Maʻalahi ka manaʻo i ka wikiwiki a me ka neʻe lohi nei, akā i ke kūʻokoʻa ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke kūpaʻa ma mua o nā iʻa ʻē. I ka wā e hāʻule ana ka manaʻo ma luna o ka pōkole, hoʻomaka ia i ke kaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano a pau, paluwale, lele i waho o ka wai. Hoʻololi pinepine, hiki i kahi mea e wehe ai i ka luhi i ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka laina lawaiʻa me kāna kālā koi.

Pehea e hoʻonui ai nā ides a hoʻāla ʻia?

ʻO ka manaʻo ʻo ka iʻa kaulana loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻia i ka loko, ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka manaʻo gula i luna o ka wai, hānai i nā mea inikini. I loko o kahi pākaukau nui, hiki i ka iʻa ke hiki i 50 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoki ke ʻai i ka mea kanu a ola nā meaʻai.

Inā nui nā mea kanu i loko o ka wai, a laila maʻalahi ka hoʻouluʻana i nā ides a me ka maikaʻi. I ke kolu o ke ola o ke ola, hiki ke paona i ka manaʻo kai loko 500 kāpela. ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻoili i nā mea hana pono, a e ʻai no ka mea i hōʻole ʻia i ka lāʻau kalepa.

ʻĀina maikaʻi

Loaʻa i ka manaʻo ke ʻano maikaʻi o nā ʻiʻo, no laila e kaulana i ka kuke ʻana. Hoʻokahi wale nō bana wale nō - ʻo ia ka bony nui, kahi hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau ala:

1. E ʻohi i ka iʻa no ka wā lōʻihi i ka hopena acetic i ka lā.
2. Malalo ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kahi mea ʻāwīwī, a ʻokiʻoki ʻia a ʻokiʻoki i a i ʻole aʻa.
3. Ke hana nei i ka meaʻai ʻai i loko o ka aila ʻaila, ma kēia hihia, ʻuma ʻia ka iʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi a maloʻo loa nā iwi.

Hoʻokeʻe nā ʻiʻo manaʻo i ke keʻokeʻo ma kahi kala. Nui ʻia nā ʻano kīnā mai ka manaʻo, hiki iā ia ke:

• waiho
• mea ʻai
• aniani
• paena
• aila
• kauo
• maloʻo
• e kaumaha wale
• kūmole
• hoʻomoʻa ʻala no nā pie.

ʻAʻole hiki ke waiho i ka manaʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka puka kumu ʻole, ʻoiai e pōwili koke ka ʻiʻo, a ʻanoʻino ke ʻono. Ma hope o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe koke a hōʻili i ka iʻa. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka ʻai o ka lau i loko o ka friji no ka manawa ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka lā.

Hōʻike ka waiwai o nā mea kanu no kēlā me ka 100 mau huahana o ka papa.

ʻO ka ʻai iʻa ka nui o nā huaora, nā micro a me nā mea macro, nā palolo, nā momona momona e pono ai no ke kanaka. ʻO nā kumuhana amino amino ka manaʻo:

He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kalolo nā manaʻo, no laila e mahalo nui ka poʻe nutrists i ka ʻiʻo a hoʻokomo i nā meaʻai he nui ma ka papa kuhikuhi. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau mea waiwai pono:

• ʻO ka hele nuiʻana o ka fluorine a me ka calcium, e hoʻoikaika ai i nā iwi, ka lauoho, nā niho, a me ka mea i kāohi pū aku ai hoʻi i nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal.
• Loaʻa i nā extritter ka waiwai choleretic, no laila e hoʻoikaika nei i ka digestive tract, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka makemake a pale i nā pilikia o ka gastrointestinal tract.
• Nui nā huaora e hoʻoikaika i nā kino o ke kanaka a me ka ʻōnaehana o ka maʻi.
• No ka mea momona ka ʻai i ka huaora B, e hoʻemi ka ʻaina maʻamau i ka neʻe ʻana o ka nalo, huhū a me ka overexcitation.
• Hoʻololi ʻo nā māla i ka kaila koko, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka cholesterol, hoʻonui i nā leo vascular a pale aku i nā maʻi ʻo Parkinson.

ʻO nā waiwai o ka iʻa

Aia kekahi pōʻino āpau - ka nui o nā iwi liʻiliʻi kahi e hiki ai ke kanaka ke kuʻi a me nā palaai i noho pinepine i ka ulia, no laila pono e hoʻomoʻa i ka iʻa ma mua o ka kuke ʻana.

ʻO ka iʻa paʻakikī kahi manaʻo a hiki ke ola lōʻihi i nā kino o ka wai i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka mahiʻai ʻana, kahi i loaʻa ai nā metala kaumaha, nā mea kanu manu, nā mea kanu manu a me nā ʻano manuahi ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia pili ʻana, ma mua o ka lawaiʻa, pono ʻoe e ʻike pono ka palekana i ka iʻa.

ʻO wai ka mea hiki iaʻu ke hilahila me ka manaʻo?

Hiki ke hilahila ʻia ke manaʻo me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, no ka mea e like me:

• luahine, mai kahi e liʻuliʻu wale ai kahi mālamalama i hope, ke poʻo ʻiki, ke kino mānoanoa a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi;
• ponoʻi, kahi a ia mau mea e hānai ai i ka maka o nā maka a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka kua o ka kua o ke kua ma mua o ka manaʻo.

Manaʻo - kūpaʻa ka iʻa i nā loli wela, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ia a puni ka makahiki āpau. He nui nā waiwai ʻo ka ʻai no ke kino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kahi manaʻo no ka nui o nā maunu, no kahi kokoke i kekahi koʻi lawaiʻa, no laila he nui nā lawaiʻa e makemake i ka lawaiʻa, ʻimi manu no nā ulia. Maʻono wale ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo, ke hoʻolako ʻia i nā kaila a me nā hale ʻai nui.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka manaʻo?

Kiʻi: Manaʻo ma Rūsia

He llahalaha loa - kokoke i loko o ʻEulopa, ʻo ia wale nō no kāna māhele hema (ʻo nā ʻāina o ke kahakai ʻo Mediterranean), a me Siberia a hiki i Yakutia. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku iā ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i Connecticut. Ke ulu nui nei ka poʻe o nā ides ʻAmelika, no laila he mea nui paha ko lākou noho ʻana ma nā muliwai o ka ʻāina.

Pēlā ka noho ʻana o ka manaʻo i nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai e like me:

ʻOi loa ka nui o lākou i ka Volga a me kāna mau ʻauamo, a me nā kahawai o Rūsia e waiwai nui i kēia iʻa. Noho pu no hoi oia i na loko a me na loko wai e kahe ana. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā kahe anuanu, a me ka wikiwiki o ka holo wikiwiki, akā maʻamau ka nui o lākou i nā lehelehe pālahalaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i ka lepo, ka mea ʻala iki.

Eia nā wai hou, hiki iā lākou ke noho pū me ka wai kūlohelohe, a no laila aia lākou i ʻike ai i nā kaʻe kai ʻaʻole i mamao loa mai nā ʻukā kahawai. Makemake ʻia nā ides e noho kokoke i nā alapiʻi, kokoke i nā alahaka, ke kahakai ʻo ke kumu lāʻau kahi e kau nei ma luna o ka wai i hōʻailona he hiki nō iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā ides ma aneʻi. He makemake kēia iʻa i ka ʻauʻau pono ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, no ka mea, ʻo nā mea hihiu e hānai ai i ka hāʻule mai waena mai o lākou.

Hoʻopili, kanu nā loko a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me kahi wai mālie e like me ka mea, ʻoi aku ka hohonu - eia ka ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ides. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā kulu anu a me ka hoʻoluʻu maʻalahi i nā loli, ʻaʻole e hānau i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai lākou e lilo i ka hana aela.

He aha kahi aha o ka manaʻo maikaʻi?

Kuhi: nā māka maikaʻi i ka muliwai

ʻO ka laulā manaʻo he nui loa, pili ia:

• nā ʻōpala
• nā pepeke a me kā lākou ulu.
• loloa
• caviar,
• ʻO nā ʻōpala a me nā rana,
• nā mollusks
• iʻa
• Seaweed.

Hiki iā mākou ke ʻai i ka ʻai ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, mai ka wū i ke caviar a me ka pā o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Kūwele nā ​​ides, ʻoi loa i ka pūnāwai ma hope o ka māla ʻana: i kēia manawa, ua holo lākou i ka lā o ka lā no ke ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, kahi ona e pae maʻamau ai i kahakai iā ia iho, kahi nui ka nui o laila.

ʻOiai ka poʻe o nā mea ola e manaʻo nui i ka manaʻo, ua ʻai pū ʻo ia i ka algae filamentous - hana pinepine ʻia ia i ka wā i mālama ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, ka ʻai ʻana i nā mālama momona. ʻO ke kauwela he nui nā meaʻai, nā ides ma ke kahakai e ʻai ana i nā meʻa o nā holoholona like ʻole, e kōkua ana i ka emi ʻana o ka huina a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.

Inā huli ke kālai nei, ʻai pū lākou ia mea, a he kūpono ke mālama pono i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā pōa ʻōpio a me nā mea palaka i ka wā hoʻoheheʻe. ʻAi ʻia nā ides i ka wā hānai o ka viburnum, a laila hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka manawa lawaiʻa - ʻimi maikaʻi lākou a loaʻa ke wahi maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka nui o nā ides.

He mea kupaianaha: hiki i kahi manaʻo ke lele i luna o nā alakaʻi haʻahaʻa, a hiki i ka poʻe nui loa ke lele i waho o ka wai i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

ʻO ka manaʻo manaʻo he iʻa akamai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka pō maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hana a ke kanaka: i ka manawa o ka ua a me ka makani, a mai ka neʻe ʻana i nā waʻa, piʻi ka wai, e ʻauʻau ana i nā ʻōpū a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe mai ka honua mai i kahakai, a lawe pū me lākou i ka wai. A hele aku!

Holo aku lākou i uka me ka nalu, a i ka huli ʻana, huli lākou i ka waiwai. ʻOi aku ka makemake o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pōpoki nunui i ka pō, ʻoiai inā pau ka wanaʻao a, inā ʻole, ma ke ʻano ke ʻano kokoke mai ke kakahiaka - ʻo ia kā lākou punahele punahele. Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻōpio i ka meaʻai i ka hapanui o ke ao - ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i ka hana ma mua o nā pākeke.

E makaʻala a hoʻāʻo ʻo nā ides i nā wahi he hiki ʻole i ka ʻ upena - no ka laʻana, i loko o nā lua me kahi haʻahaʻa ʻole, ma waena o nā puʻu. ʻOi ka nui o ka manaʻo, ʻoi ka nui o ka waiho ʻana i kona lua - maʻamau ma hope o ka ua. Akā ʻo kekahi ia ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ke hele kokoke i ka wai, ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia i ka mauʻu me ka roach, a pākī ka lūlū liʻiliʻi.

Hiki i ka manaʻo ke kuʻi i waho o ka wai e hopu i kahi iniseti. Ke hāʻule iho nei ʻo ia iho i ka wai, mālama nui lākou i ka waiwai o ka mea ʻai, no laila e liʻiliʻi iki ana ka ʻāina, me ka mea ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o kēia iʻa. Ke holo ka manaʻo i kahi hohonu, e hāʻawi ana nā kulu i nā maka.

ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka lā i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka mahana, hele hohonu i lalo o ka wai, ʻoiai hiki i ka iʻa nā poʻe ʻōpio ke manawa i ka wā e ʻai ai, akā, makemake ʻia lākou e hana ma ke kahakai, i ka paʻu o nā kumulāʻau - ʻoiai paha ka nui o ka mea i lalo o lākou. . ^ E Ha yM.

Kūkala ʻia kēlā ʻano aupuni o ka lā i ka manawa mahana, a ke hoʻopau nei lākou i nā mahina anu i ka lua me ka lua o ka hale. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā ʻeke i ka wā aia he wai ma ka muliwai, me ka hoʻole ʻole ʻana i kekahi mau mahina - ma Ianuali a Pepeluali ua ʻai lākou me ka haki ʻole, nā manawa e hoʻolilo ai, ʻaʻole paʻa ka hana.

I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻomaka ka iʻa i ka ea i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpū i lalo o ke kai, akā kokoke loa i ka hopena ke hoʻomaka nei ia i kahi nele, no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻōpū, e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e ʻākoakoa mai i ka lāʻau lāʻau. No laila, e ʻimi ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Nā kiʻi: Manaʻo maikaʻi

Noho ka hapanui i ka poʻe hipa, ka noho ʻana i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kōnaa - liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a hoʻoneʻe wale i loko. ʻAʻole hele ʻole nā ​​ʻatikala i loko o nā ʻohana nui, a ʻoi wale nō kekahi mau kānaka e noho kokoke ana. Maikaʻi pinepine kekahi iʻa kahiko e noho wale. Hoʻomaka lākou e pua mai ka 3-5 mau makahiki - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa, e wikiwiki ka ulu. I ka nui o nā kamaʻilio, hilinaʻi ʻia kēia ma kahi a ia e noho ai: ma nā wai hema, wikiwiki ka ulu o ka ulu.

Hoʻopuka ʻia ka piʻu wai ma loko o ka wai pāpaku - nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ma nā pāpū. No ka spawning, hoʻākoakoa ka iʻa i nā kula nui, ka lehulehu o kekahi, a i kekahi manawa i hoʻokahi mau makahiki he ʻono. E holo ana ia Malaki a hiki i Mei, ma muli o ka noho ʻana - pono ʻoe i ka hau e puka mai a hoʻonohonoho i ka mahana o ka wai mai 8 mau degere a ma luna.

Hoʻopili i nā ides spawning ma ke kai, ma waena o ka iʻa mua. Hiki i kā lākou hipa me ka ʻauʻau i kahi lōʻihi ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kūpono no ka hakilima - i kekahi manawa he ʻumi mau kilomita. Aia kekahi hierarchy i loko o kēlā me kēia pēpē: nui a ʻoi loa ka poʻe nui a makua makua mua, ukali e nā mea liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka ʻōpio ka muli loa.

Ua lele wikiwiki lākou, lanakila ʻana ma kahi o 10 mau hola i ka lā, ke kū i ka hoʻomaha a me ka hānai. Pae lākou i lalo a lalo a lalo i ka lawehala hohonu. He mea nui ia ka hohonu o ka wai, akā lawa - hapalua mita a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka hakilima ke hoʻopau i loko o kekahi mau lā, akā inā lūlū ka lā maikaʻi ʻole, hiki iā ia ke huli i lōʻihi - a hiki i 2-3 pule. Pili ka manaʻo i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, no kēia hana e kahe ana a hiki i kahawai, nāna e kahe aku. Kuhi aku kahi luahine wahine e pili ana i 70-120 tausani hua manu, a he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou e hiki ke lilo i liʻiliʻi.

Ka ʻokoʻa nā hua ʻokoʻa mai nā hua o nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke anawaena he 1-1,5 mm. Hoʻopili lākou i nā pōhaku, nā ʻalā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka nui e ka wā i kēia manawa a ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Inā lawa nui nā hua ʻaʻole i ʻai ʻia, ma hope o hoʻokahi pule a me ka hapa, ʻike iki kahi mea liʻiliʻi mai ia.

I ka wā spawning, lilo ka ides i ka palaka a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻana iā lākou. Ma hope koke iho o ko lākou hoʻopau ʻana, holo lākou i ka mea a lākou i noho ai - ʻaʻole lākou i hana i kēia i loko o ka pā, akā i loko o hoʻokahi kanaka, e hōʻemi ka nui o kā lākou helu ma ka pūnaewele mālama. Ma hope e hoʻi koke ai i ka momona.

E hui hou i ka ʻohana. ʻO ka iʻa ʻōpio, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka wā ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻouna ʻia no ka hakilopao, akā e noho mau i nā mea maʻamau. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka hipa, inā mālama ʻia ka wai o ka wai ma kahi haʻahaʻa loa, hiki iā ia ke hele i kahi hou, i kēia manawa kūpono, ma ka pae maʻamau e kū mau nei.

ʻO nā ʻenehana kūlohelohe

Kiʻi: Mana manaʻo

ʻAʻole kēlā me kēia manaʻo i ka pahuhopu nui o nā mea kahawai wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻimi kolohe no ia - ma hope o nā mea, he nui loa ka iʻa. Akā ʻo nā ʻūhā i ulu i nā nui maʻamau, e makaʻu kekahi i mua - i ka mua, ka pike a me ka taimen, hiki i kēia mau iʻa e huki iā lākou.

ʻAʻohe o nā kānaka kahiko a ʻoi loa ka ʻenemi maoli, a ua hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia nā lawaiʻa iā lākou. ʻO kaʻoi aʻe o nā iʻa iʻa nui a me nā lawaiʻa like, nā hamo ʻōpiopio maʻamau e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka beavers, minks a me nā mea nui ʻē aʻe. ʻAno holo pinepine nā ides e kokoke ana i kahakai, kahi i kali ʻia ai lākou e kēia mau holoholona dexterous, nona nā iʻa kahi i makemake nui ai.

ʻO ka liʻiliʻi i ka manaʻo, ʻoi aku ka hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia - nā ʻōpio, ke ulu mau nei nā mea i kaupaona ʻia i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilograms, e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā mea āpau o luna, a he ʻokoʻa kekahi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻokuʻi i nā ʻehā ʻōpala, a me nā manu o ka manuʻa e like me ka terns a me nā aliʻi - e hoʻomau lākou i nā iʻa. aloha no.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hoʻoweliweli a pau e kō a me ka caviar - aneane kokoke kēlā i kahi mea noho e noho ana a i ʻole kokoke i ka mea pio wai ma luna o lākou. ʻAʻole ka hapanui o ka caviar i ka pīkī pololei no ka mea he nui nā mea huki e ʻahaʻaina ma luna. I waena o ka palaoa liʻiliʻi, he haʻahaʻa loa ka ola.

Akā inā hiki i ke kumumanaʻo ke ola i ka makahiki mua, hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa e ola ai i ka wā kahiko, ʻoiai naʻe ka kiʻekiʻe i ka nui - ua nui nā manaʻo weliweli. A ma hope wale iho o ka manaʻo i ka paona o ka 2-3 kilograms, hiki iā ia keʻike hou aku ai.

Nā lawaiʻa puna

Me ka haʻalele ʻana o ka hau, kū ka iʻa mai ka ʻōpū, ke piʻi nei ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i nā kahawai, nāna i hāʻawi i kāna zhor hoʻoikaika. Ma ka lā Malaki a me ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, hele aku ka manaʻo i nā mea waiwai momona a oxygen, kahi e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i ka ikaika, holoi ʻia mai nā parasites, a ʻai nui ka hānai i ka pō o spawning.

ʻO ka mahalo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wai o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻapo o ka iʻa. ʻO nā wahi ʻona maikaʻi loa no ka manaʻo maikaʻi i ka pūnāwai ke wahi kokoke i ke kahakai me nā mea kanu kai nui.

Me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka wai i nā pā, ua loaʻa i nā wahine i ikaika ka hoʻomaka. A laila e hoʻi ana lākou i ke kino nui o ka wai. Hana ka iʻa ma loko o 24 mau hola, akā hoʻiho ʻia ia i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi loa ia me ka ikaika, no laila ua loaʻa iā i nā mau lāʻau palani e pīpī i nā pepeke, hoʻihoʻi i ka lures me nā petals, twisters, wobbler, poppers liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku kahi mea lawaiʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo.

I ka lā mua o ʻApelila, ua palupalu ka manaʻo, no laila, e hoʻowalewale mai ai i kona nānā, ua hoʻohiolo ʻia ka maunu i lalo. Inā ʻaʻole, hoʻowahāwahā wale aku ʻo ia iā ia.

ʻO ka mau ʻoi loa e hana pono ai i nā holoholona: Mei bug, burdock, ʻōpala ʻoi. Eia kekahi, no ka huki ʻana i ka makemake o ka iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i kahi hāmeʻa hāmeʻa o ka pālolo, kekahi ʻāpana a me nā ʻōpala i paʻa ʻia. Hoʻohui maikaʻi nā mea kanu, hoʻopili ʻia ka pōpoki mai lākou, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kahi pākau, kahi e hoʻomalulu ai a ʻoki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o ka meaʻai hoʻohui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pī iʻa ka steamed, palaoa a i ʻole o ka oatmeal. Ma hope o 30-50 mau minuke, e hoʻihoʻi ka meaʻai i ka manaʻo a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koʻokoʻo i loko o ka wai.

E hoʻomanaʻo, he kānalua ka ʻelele o ka ʻohana cyprinid, i ʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻoweliweli iā ia e pono ʻoe e neʻe pono me ka hū ʻole ʻana i nā lau, e nānā i ka kūlohelohe i ka wā lawaiʻa a hūnā ʻia hoʻi i nā kākala.

Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana

ʻO ka manaʻo he iʻa ʻano paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe anu ʻole, makemake nui ʻia i ka wela, akā ke hoʻomanawanui pū ʻia, a no laila e noho nei i kēlā me nā wahi ākea me nā kolike like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pau ʻole nā ​​huhū wai hoʻokaʻawale - hiki i nā ides ke noho i loko o nā wahi palekana ʻaʻole i palekana.

No laila, ʻoiai kahi hopu ikaika, ko lākou lehulehu i nā muliwai o ʻEulopa a me Siberia ke kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻia ma nā wahi a pau: no ka laʻana, he luhi ka manaʻo a mālama ʻia e ka moku'āina ma kekahi mau wahi o Rūsia, a ua lawe ʻia nā hana ʻē aʻe e mālama a hoʻihoʻi hou i kona poʻe.

No laila, ma ka muliwaiʻo Moskoa, ua hāʻule nui ka manaʻo ide ide. I ka hopena, hoʻomaka e hana ʻia nā hana palekana e pale ai: i loko o nā hale noho ʻole o nā ides aia kekahi mau pālū kahakai.

Ua paʻa ʻia nā wahi i kūpono loa no ka hele ʻana i nā halihali. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lua e hoʻoilo a me nā biotopes i loko o kahi kūlana i kūpono no nā ides, inā pono, e hana ʻia ka hana e hoʻihoʻi iā lākou. Ke hana ʻia nei nā ʻano like ʻole ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa. Akā i ka mea maʻamau, pili nā ʻano pili i nā mea no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻole ʻia, no ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hale e ʻae ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa manuahi.

Ka mea hoihoi: pinepine, ides nā ʻeke i loko o nā loko, a ʻo ko lākou helehelena nani a me kā lākou hana ʻana i kēia mea - hoihoi lākou i ka nānā ʻana i kā lākou mea ʻoki manu, ʻoiai, no ka mea he aloha ʻole lākou - pono ʻoe e loaʻa hou nā mea kanu i loko o ka loko, a e maikaʻi nā ides. manaʻo.

Manaʻo manaʻo - ʻaʻole maikaʻi wale ka iʻa, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi: iʻa, ʻala a ʻala paha, ʻohi loa. No laila, ʻohi pinepine lākou no lākou, a ʻo ka hopu ʻana i ka manaʻo nui he makana na kekahi lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua pua maikaʻi lākou a ʻaʻole i kaʻino, ke hoʻomanawanui nei lākou i ka lili i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe he nui wale a hoʻonui wale i ko lākou pae.

ʻA ka lawaiʻa kauwela

Ka nui o ka meaʻai, ka wela, ka wai mahana a me ka makemake ʻilihune nā kumu o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole. I ke kauwela, noho ka iʻa ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai, kokoke i nā kāmela i ka hohonu o ka 4-5 m me kahi papa lohi a hoʻiʻole. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka hopu ʻana i ke ʻano pōkole i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka nui (a hiki i ka 9 o ʻAnakala. Me ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, e emi iki ka hiululu a kū nui ia a pihi nui loa.

Ma kahi hohonu a hiki i 4 m, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka iʻa ma ka lāʻau lawaiʻa, eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻolale kūpono wale nō ke hopu ia mai ka mānoanoa o ka wai. E like me ka mea nozzle, hoʻohana ʻia nā meaʻai kuke (palaoa kaluma a i ʻole paha, mastico) ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻāpana o ka lepo, maggot a i ʻole ke koko. He kūlana nui ka bait ma ke ʻano ʻano pīahi me ka porridge a me ka pālolo a i ʻole nāʻaila wai keʻokeʻo.

ʻO ke kumuhana he mākaʻikaʻi aka i nā cyprinids; e hopu ai, pono e hoʻohana i nā mea o ke ʻano o nā mea hana (nā lehe ʻōpio me ke anawaena o 0.14-0.18 mm).

ʻAi ʻia i ka wā hoʻoilo

Me ke kokoke o ke anuanu, e loli ke ʻano o ka iʻa a me kona wahi. E like me ke kānāwai, holo nui nā ides, kahi i paʻa ai ka nui o ka palaoa a ʻaʻohe mau o kēia manawa. I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia no ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka e ʻai ikaika, ʻakeke i ka momona. He manawa maikaʻi kēia no ka anglers, e like me ka weliweli e like me ka pūnāwai. E like me ka mea e hoʻokele ai, hoʻohana ʻia kahi lāʻau lawaiʻa i lalo, kahi i hoʻolei ʻia ʻole hohonu ma mua o 2 m i loko o ka kolamu wai. Pono e leʻa a keu ka lewa, i ʻole e makaʻu i ka iʻa ma ka wai mālamalama.

I ka wā līwī, uku ʻia ka nānā kūikawā i ka haku ʻana o nā meaʻai hoʻohui, e loli ana i kēlā me kēia mahina. I ka malama o Sepatemapa, ʻo kahi hui pū ʻana o ka oatmeal maloʻo, palaoa palaoa, kākole iʻa ʻia, maggot. I ka mahina ʻOkakopa, koho ʻia ʻo Hercules e nā ʻāina. ʻO ka mau ʻoihana maikaʻi loa ma Nowemapa ʻo ia ka crucian carp a ola paha.

Hanaʻa nā iʻa no ka hapalua hola a i hoʻokahi hola paha. ʻO ka hana nui ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka nui loa o nā mea i ka pahu kai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻai i loko o ka minamina nui ma lalo o ka liʻiliʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole i ka iʻa oversaturated, e kali no ka hele ʻana mai o ka ʻohana.

ʻO nā maunnu he kauwela, a me nā leʻaleʻa ʻeleʻele, he ʻai ʻia ka iʻa me ka maunu. E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka hopu ʻana he paila hopena ka mea e pono ai ka ʻike a me ka ʻike.

Hoʻohālikelike

He manaʻo maikaʻi ko ka iʻa lau, he ʻona a e noho nei i nā muliwai a me nā loko. Kuhi nui ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana cyprinid kokoke i ke Komohana. ʻO ka nui o ka maʻamau pākahi, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 2 kg. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa ma ke kelepona a i ʻole kahi a i ka wā e holo ai, ka hoki, lele ka lawaiʻa, a pale aku i nā wai ikaika. Hoʻokomo ka Nibble i ka manawa: ka mea ikaika i ka puna a me ka wā lohi, passive i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO kahi manaʻo he iʻa me ka iʻa momona, kahi momona e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea nui o ke kino kanaka. Hoʻopili i nā mea hoʻohuihui a me nā PUFA, nā ʻāpana o ka huahana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana o nā kīʻaha koko, hoʻoikaika i nā iwi, hana maʻamau i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka gastrointestinal tract. Noea ʻia e ʻai i ka iʻa 2-3 manawa i ka hebedoma no 100 g.

E hoʻomanaʻo, e hoʻopau koke ka manaʻo, no laila e kuke koke i ka wā kūʻai a hopu paha (i loko o 24 mau hola). A i ʻole, ke ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa stale, hiki iā ʻoe ke "kiʻi i nā alakena" meaʻai, indigestion a lilo i nā maʻi ʻoi.