ʻOkaʻikepili mau hoki nā holoholona (lat. ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai, he ʻohana o ka equidae) ua lōʻihi loa nā manawa i hala aku nei, ma kahi o 5-6 tausani mau makahiki i hala, ma ʻAigupita a me ʻAitiopa. No nā ʻano ʻelua i koe - kulan (lat. ʻAmaʻoma hemionus) a me ka hoki mai Aferika (lat. ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai) - ʻO ia ka mea i lilo i mua o nā kanaka o kēia wā nā lua wahine (lat. ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai) Ke hōʻike ʻia nei ka hoki ʻōiwi o ka ʻAmelika i nā mea kūlohelohe e ʻelua mau ʻano: ka hoki o ka ʻūhā.
ʻAʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi nohona o nā holoholona me kahi koho maikaʻi loa o nā meaʻai, no laila e ʻike ʻia nā hoki e ʻike ʻia no nā keiki mua ʻole i ka meaʻai. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu kanu, nā mea kanu, me nā lāʻau popopo, nā kumu lāʻau, nā mea kanu. ʻOi aku ka palena o kā lākou wai. Hiki i nā hoki ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke hoʻohana i nā wai paʻakai a me ka wai ʻawaʻawa, a hele i ka manawa inu i kekahi manawa, i kēlā mau lā ʻekolu. ʻO ke ola o kēia mau holoholona he 25 - 35 mau makahiki, i kekahi manawa he mau mea lōʻihi lōʻihi e ola nei ma kahi o 45 mau makahiki a i ʻole keu.
Hoʻokomo nā holoholona i kā lākou ola makahiki ma ka makahiki heʻehā a ʻelima paha. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā hoki, e like me ka huahelu, ʻokoʻa mai ka 0.9 m a i ka 1,63 m.ʻO ka pālahalaha kino o kahi holoholona maikaʻi i ke awelika + 37 ° - 38 ° C, ka huina o ka pulse mai 45 a 55 mau kūpuna i ka minuke. Lawe a nā hoki wahine i nā keiki 12 a 14 mau mahina. ʻO ka maʻamau ke loaʻa iā lākou kahi foal, ma nā hihia kūikawā, ʻelua. ʻAe nā pēpē i ka waiū a hiki i ka ʻewalu a ʻeiwa mau mahina, a mai ka piha o nā makahiki he ʻelua i hoʻomaka koke lākou e hana iā lākou e hana. Hoʻopāwili ʻia nā pipi i nā maʻi like ʻole e like me nā lio, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻi. ʻO kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole no lākou ke ʻano o ke aniani, ke anu a me ka maloʻo, a no laila ke pilikia nei ka hānai ʻana i nā hoki i loko o ia mau ʻāina.
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā hoki nāu ʻoi ka nui ma mua o nā lio. ʻO kēia nā holoholona mua a mākou e ʻike nei. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia i mana mana, no ka hana mahiʻai, ma ke ʻano he ʻohi a hoʻouka i nā holoholona, e loaʻa ai ka waiū, ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ʻili mau. I ka wā kaua o Sumerian kahiko, ua hoʻopuni ʻia nā hoki i nā kaʻa kaua, a ua hoʻohana ke aliʻi ʻo Dariu I kēia mau holoholona, a hiki i ka wā i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai e ka poʻe Scythian a me ka mea me ka makaʻu me kā lākou leo nui, e hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe koa a me nā lio. A i kēia lā, ua mālama pono ʻia nā kiʻi i kau ʻia i nā pā o nā hoki i loko o nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs. Me ia kōkua o kēia mau holoholona līlī a paʻakikī hoʻi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā ʻili ekoʻa a ko ʻAigupita.
He waiwai nui nā pipi i ka wā e hele ai ka wao ma ka wao nahele, no laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i mau holoholona i hoʻonui ʻia i ke kālepa ma nā wahi kokoke. Mahalo i ke ʻano kūikawā, paʻakikī a ikaika hoʻi o nā hoove, ʻaʻole pono nā kala, ua hoʻohuli ʻia no ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe ʻana ma ka papahele pōhaku, hikiwawe ka piʻi ʻana i nā pali kuahiwi a hiki iā ia ke neʻe pū me nā kaʻa a holo i nā ala ākea a me nā pōʻino. Akā ʻaʻole kūpono kēia mau hakahaka no ka holo wikiwiki, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ma luna o nā hoki. He hewa maikaʻi ʻole nā hoki nā pili o ka wai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou e maopopo i ka hele ʻana.
ʻO ka ikaika, ka hoʻomanawanui, ka ʻike ʻole, ka naʻauao a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hoki i kōkua i kā lākou laha pālahalaha ʻana i nā ʻāina o ka Middle and Middle East, a me kahi manawa ma hope mai i ka Caucasus a me ka ʻākau hema. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi me kahi mahana wela a me ka nui o ke anuanu, kahi ua nui ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka wai, ua maikaʻi ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lio, no laila he mea nui ka nui o nā hoki i ka hana o nā ʻāina hou. I kēia lā ua hiki i ka hapa o ka poʻe i ka honua ma mua o 50 miliona.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nei kekahi mau holoholona nui ma ʻAmelika, Kina, ʻAmelika Hema, India, Mekikoka, USA, a me nā ʻīpono hoʻouluulu maikaʻi loa e hāpai ʻia ma Sepania, Farani, ka USA. Eia kekahi, maʻamau a hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻimi (ke kaʻa ma waena o ka hoki a me ka mare) a hinnies (ke kaʻa ma waena o kahi lio a me ka hoki).
Ke hoʻohala nei nā pipi i nā holoholona no nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā lākou ke kele ʻia i nā wahi wela a wela, kahi e maloʻo ai ka maloʻo a me ka lā. ʻOiai nā lumi liʻiliʻi me nā kukui ʻinihue a me nā pā pōhaku nani ʻole ka kūpono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hoki. ʻO ke kūlana nui e hāʻawi i nā holoholona me ka mahana a me ka maloʻo. I ka hihia o ke anuanu nui, pono nā pale i ka pale mai ka anu, ka ua a me ka makani, no laila, i ka wā anuanu ua hoʻohuli lākou e hoʻopuni i nā wahi i hoʻopuni ʻia (kīnā ʻole ʻole) me nā pale hana a me ka pae paʻa pono. Mālama ka ʻili o ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu iā lākou mai ka overcooling, a ma ke ʻano nui o ka pō i hiki ke uhi ʻia ka hoki me nā mea hoʻomehana (burlap, ʻōpala a i ʻole mauʻu nāu, a pēlā aku). Ma nā mahana e hoʻemi ʻia ma lalo o -15 ° C ke hiki i nā hoki no nā hele wāwae pōkole inā ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka pale.
Pono ka piha o ka wai piha a maʻemaʻe. He mea nui ia e hoʻokaʻemau - kūwaho kawili i loko o ka lumi hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā hooves o nā hoki. Hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i ka papahele o ka meaʻai i ka papahele, akā ma kahi kūlana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Pono nā pipi i nā mea kanu kanu e waiwai ai i ka momona. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolei iā lākou me ka palaoa a me nā kēkele, inā ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa ka momona koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka makaha ʻole o nā holoholona i ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana o ka paʻa ʻana he mea koʻikoʻi nui i ke koho ma waena o kahi lio a me ka hoki. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i nā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, paʻakikī a luhi i ka maʻi ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i nā ukana nui ma luna o nā lōʻihi lōʻihi a hiki i ka wela wela a ma nā ʻōpala hele ʻole. Maalea loa nā pipi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻia, akā pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka ahonui. Inā luhi ka holoholona, pono ia e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻomaha. Ma hope o ka manawa pōkole, e hoʻomau ka hoki i ka hoki a hoʻomaka i ka hana.
Ke koho nei i kahi holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i ka hānai a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke kumu o kēia loaʻa. He nui a ka poʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hiki ke hoʻohana no ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa, ʻoihana hana, nā holoholona ʻōpio, nā huakaʻi, ka hoʻolimalima. ʻO kekahi o kā lākou mea kupaianaha: nā hoki, nā ʻīlio, hiki iā lākou ke pale a mālama i nā pipi mai ka hana ʻana o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā huahana i loaʻa i nā hoki e ulu ana i nā hoki, ʻo ia ka waiū honi. ʻOiai i ka wā o ke auleʻa ʻo Cleopatra, ua kaulana ʻo ia he mea ʻoihana. Mālama ʻo nā moʻolelo a me nā moʻomeheu i nā hōʻike no ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka Mōʻiwahine o ʻAigupita, a ua hiki i ʻo Cleopatra ke hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻōpio a mālama i ka hou o kona ʻili me ke kōkua o ka ʻauʻau wai ʻōloe. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia wai hoʻōla no nā keiki, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wā kamaliʻi, a me nā pākeke. ʻAʻole ia i ka haʻahaʻa i ka mea ʻai i ka waiū bipi (60 kcal), kahi mau huaora A, B, C, E, kahi paʻakikī o nā momona momona o polyunsaturated (omega-3 a me nā omega-6), nā mea huakaʻi antibacterial (me ka lysozyme), nā minelala.
Ua hoʻohana i ka pilumine Helene kahiko a me ka hoʻōla maʻi Hippocrates i ka waiū moʻo ʻoi i ka hopena no nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, i nā hoʻowalewale a no ka mālama ʻana i ka pʻā. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau o kēia huahana. Noi aku ka waiū hou i ka wai ʻōlohelohe no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka ʻeha papa ʻana a me nā māmā, no ka osteoporosis, nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal (me ke ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻeha peptic), no nā mea maʻi a me nā maʻi oncological, a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i waho ka hihia o nā maʻi ʻili. ʻAʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ia he contraindications, ʻaʻole e waiho i nā hihia o ka hoʻomehana kū hoʻokahi o ka huahana. I kēia mau lā, i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa (no ka laʻana, Palani) e hānai ʻia nā hoki i nā mahiʻai kūikawā i ʻike pono ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiu lāʻau.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana e hana i ka kime elite maikaʻi loa.
Kuhi ʻia ka ʻai i ka ʻelima a ʻo ke ʻano momona. He paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa, he meaʻono e like me ka ʻiʻo lio, akā ʻoi aku ka momona. Hele i ka hana ʻana o nā hōkai. Hoʻohālikelike ka ʻili o nā hoki i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa. I ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana parchment. I kēia lā, ua noi nui nā huahana hiʻona mai nā pelo ʻeke. A i Kina, ka gelatin i hoʻoneʻe ʻia mai ka ʻili o ka hoki i hoʻohana ʻia i ka cosmetology a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.
ʻOiai i kēia lā, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nanotechnology a me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka robotics, ʻaʻole i emi ka makemake o kēia mau holoholona kupanaha. Ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe nūhou i ke kāne, e kōkua iā ia i nā wahi he nui o kona ola. I loko o Asia Hikina, Kazakhstan, Caucasus a me Transcaucasia, ʻApika a me Ausetalia, nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ke koi ʻia nei nā hoki nā holoholona i ke ʻōpio o ke aupuni (ma nā māla waina, nā uahi a me nā mea kanu ulu, ma nā ʻōpala citrus, a.) . ^ E Ha yM.
ʻO ka nui o nā puaʻa e pili ana he ʻekolu haneri, akā ʻo ka hapanui o lākou he ʻike maopopo ʻole kekahi i kekahi. Ua hana ʻia nā hana ma loko i USA i ka kenekulia 19 i loaʻa ai i ka pua nui loa - nā moʻoloilahiki aku i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā lau (ma nā kāne) o 160 - 170 cm. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻohe ʻano kaulana o nā hoki o ka hoki i kaulana i ka makahiki kahiko ma Sepania a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia Katalania. ^ E Ha yM. Kuhi iki kēia mau holoholona i nā hoki nā momi ma ka nui (ʻoi aku ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i ka 140 - 150 cm), akā loaʻa ko lākou inoa no ka mea ʻoi ka momona loa, no laila ua hui nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i nā heihei. Pēlā paha nā ʻano o nā poni kahiko e kolo ai ma ka ʻaoʻao o Palani Poitus. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hoki nā Poitou e ka lauoho shaggy lōʻihi, e kau ana i nā kāʻei, a ulu nui ʻia nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO nā hoki pōpoki liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 62 - 90 cm ma nā maloʻo) ua ulu ʻia ma Italia i 100 mau makahiki i hala a nona hānai lahi mini. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e lilo i mau holoholona hoa no nā keiki, nā pākeke a i ʻole nā mea maʻi.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Pili ka ʻili o ka pipi. Kūpono nā kūpuna iā lākou ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Paleogene: he mau pālule lākou a ua like lākou me ka dinosaurs ma mua o nā hoki a me nā lio - he holoholona momona ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ʻelua mau mika, he pōkole kona mau wāwae ʻelima mau wāwae, akā he ʻano like me ka hina. Hele mai ʻo Eogippus mai lākou - nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā ululāʻau i ka nui o kahi ʻīlio liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka nui o nā manamana wāwae he nui ka ʻehā ma nā wāwae mua a ʻekolu hoʻi ma nā wāwae hind. Noho lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a puka maila ka mesogippus - ua loaʻa iā lākou ʻekolu mau wāwae ma nā wāwae āpau. Wahi a nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, kokoke lākou e pili loa i ka epine hou.
Kōkua: Kauoha
Ma kēia manawa āpau, hele mālie ka ulu ʻana, a hele kahi loli nui ma Miocene, i ka wā e loli ai nā ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā kūpuna o nā lio i ka ʻai i nā mea maloʻo. A laila hele mai kahi merigippus - ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka holoholona ma mua o nā kūpuna e pili kokoke ana, ma kahi o 100-120 cm. ʻekolu mau manamana lima, akā i hilinaʻi wale ʻia i kekahi o ia mea - ua kau mai kahi hāmeʻe ma luna ona, a loli maila kona mau niho. A laila hele mai ka pliogippus - ka holoholona holoholona mua o kēia kuana. Ma muli o nā loli i nā nohona e neʻe nei, ua neʻe lākou mai ka ululāʻau e wehe i kahi ākea, e lilo i mea nui, e hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka holo wikiwiki a holo lōʻihi.
Hoʻomaka ka equine hou i kahi mea iā lākou ma kahi o 4.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO nā mea inoa mua o ka huaʻehā i ʻōlima a he poʻo pōkole loa, e like me ka hoki. ʻO kā lāua like i ka ʻawaʻawa. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻepekema ʻana o ka hoki i hana ʻia e Karl Linnaeus i 1758, ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo Equus asinus. ʻElua mau subspecies: ʻo Somali lāua ʻo Nubian - ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻeleʻele. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hiki mai nā nūhou i nā ʻenemi mai ka holo ʻana o nā ʻelele o kēia mau subspecies.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hoki?
He ʻano like ke ʻano o ka lio hihiu. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoi iki ka haʻahaʻa - 100-150 cm, ʻelima mau lula lebrar ma mua o ʻeono, uaʻoi aʻe kona poʻo, a me ka haʻahaʻa o kona kino. ʻO ka palaka ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ke kala ʻeleʻele i ka ʻeleʻele i ka kala. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻOi aku ka lezzle ma mua o ke kino, e like me ka ʻōpū. I ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka huelo he laki. ʻO ka mane he pōkole a kū pololei, he liʻiliʻi ka palu, a lōʻihi nā pepeiao. Aneane pinepine nā ʻūhā i nā wāwae - ma kēia kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoki hihiu mai nā hale ʻokoʻa; ʻaʻole hoʻi i hope.
He mea pono nā ʻano o nā hoki nā hoki: he mea maikaʻi loa ko lākou helehelena no ka hele ʻana ma luna o nā ʻāina paʻakikī, ʻaʻole e like me ka ʻine, no ka mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia no ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā mauna kuahiwi. Akā no nā peke wikiwiki a lōʻihi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōgoi ma mua o nā lio, ʻoiai nā keiki e hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki o nā ʻāpana pōkole. Hoʻomaka ka kumu mai loko mai o ka wahi i hiki i ka hihia o nā holoholona i loko o ka holoholona: he pōʻino ka māla i nā hooves, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā laka i loko o ia mea, a no ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā pathogens, e kūlou ana a hoʻomaka ʻia nā hooves e hōʻeha. No laila, pono ʻoe e mālama pono iā lākou.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I loko oʻEulopa kahiko, helu ka nui o nā hoki na ka poʻe i helu i kāna waiwai. ʻO kekahi mau tausani he pahuhopu! He mau hoki na ka honi i hāʻawi i kahi impetus ikaika no ke kālepa ʻana ma muli o ka hiki ke lawe i nā kaʻa kaumaha ma luna o nā lōʻihi lōʻihi.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka hoki?
Pūnaewele: Wild Donkey
Ma mua o ko mākou wā, i nā wā kahiko, noho a nā ʻīlio hihiu ma kahi o ko ʻApelika Hikina a me ka Middle East, akā ma hope o ka domestication ua hoʻomaka koke ke ʻano o kā lākou pae. Ua hana kēia ma muli o kekahi mau kumu: ke hoʻomau nei i ka home, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā holoholona hihiu me nā holoholona ʻoihana, ka ʻū ʻana mai nā wahi o nā kūpuna ma muli o kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana e nā kānaka.
I kēia mau lā, noho wale nā hoki o nā ʻīlio i nā ʻāina i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa i ke anuanu me ke anuanu nui. Ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia kēia mau holoholona iā ia, a he kakaikahi kēia mau ʻāina, i ʻae ʻia i nā hoki e ola. ʻOiai ke emi nei o ka helu ʻana o kā lākou helu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō a hiki i ke kenekulia 21, ke hana nei ia iʻoi aku ka lohi ma mua.
Ma ka makahiki 2019, ʻo kā lākou pae āpau e komo i nā ʻāina i nā wahi o nā ʻāina e like me:
Pono e hoʻoluhi ʻia: ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hoki ma loko o ka ʻāina o kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma kahi hapa nui, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi ākea o kahi liʻiliʻi. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa nui o nā hoki o Somali, ua hōʻemi loa ʻia, ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā o ke kaua kaua i kēia ʻāina. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻoia ka poʻe noiʻi inā pēlā paha kēia.
Me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ke kūlana: aia ka nui o nā hoki i loko o lākou, no laila e hoʻohui pū ʻia ka mea e hoʻemi ʻia nā genetic i nā pilikia i hōʻemi ai kā lākou mau helu ma mua. ʻO ka mea wale nō ʻo Eritrea, ʻoiai he nui loa ka nui o ka nui o nā hoki nā holoholona. No laila, e like me nā wānana kanaka ʻepekema, i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, e hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou ʻano a me ke ʻano iā Eritrea wale nō.
Ma ka manawa like, pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hoki nā holoholona kulī: ua kau hou ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia i nā holoholona, a laila huli hoʻi i ka hana ʻole a lawe i ke aʻa i loko o ka holoholona hihiu. Nui ka poʻe o lākou i ka honua: ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ʻEulopa, a ma Asia, a ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma Australia, ua hoʻomohala nui lākou, a i kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 1.5 miliona o lākou - akā ʻaʻole lākou e lilo i hoki mau holoholona maoli.
ʻĀnō maopopo iā ʻoe kahi e noho ai ka hoki hihiu. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai o ka hoki?
Pūnaewele: Animal Donkey
I loko o ka meaʻai, ua like palaka ʻo kēia mau holoholona me nā mea āpau. ʻAi ai kahi ʻīlio hihiu aneane e pili ana i kahi mea kanu lāʻau e hiki ai ke loaʻa wale ma kahi e noho ai.
ʻO ka meaʻai kekahi:
- lau, mau
- ka lau honu
- lala a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau,
- aikawa io akia.
ʻAi ʻole ʻoe eʻai i kekahi mau mea kanu i hiki ke loaʻa wale ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona koho. Nānā pinepine lākou e ʻimi i ia wahi ma kēlā wahi kahi a lākou e noho ai: nā wao nahele a me nā ʻāina papa maloʻo, kahi e ulu ai nā laka liʻiliʻi a kēlā me kēia mau kilomita. Noho nā ʻāpana a me nā kahawai he nui i ka poʻe, a makaʻu nā hoki nā holoholona hihiu e hoʻokokoke i nā wahi. ʻO ke hopena, pono lākou e kaohi iki i ka mea ʻai me ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu, a i ʻole manawa e ʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi - a hiki ke hoʻomanawanui lākou i ka hoʻomau.
Hiki i ka hoki ke make pōloli i nā lā a i ka manawa hoʻokahi ʻaʻole e nalowale i ka ikaika - ʻaʻole i emi iki ka pale ʻana i ka domesticated, akā loaʻa pū nō naʻe, ma nā ʻano he nui lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi - pono wale lākou e inu i kēlā me kēia lā ʻekolu. ʻO nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika, e like me nā antelope a i ʻole zebras, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei ma nā kūlana polū, pono e inu ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā hoki ke inu i ka wai ʻawa mai nā loko o wao nahele - ʻo ka hapanui o nā ungities ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki i kēia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hiki i kekahi holoholona ke nalowale i kekahi hapakolu o kona umauma i ke kino a ʻaʻole e nawaliwali. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu, ma hope o ka inu ʻana, hoʻopiʻi koke ʻo ia i ka nalowale a ʻaʻole hoʻi e manaʻo i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Whakaahua: wahine wahine
Hōʻike ʻia ka manawa o ka hana i ka wā iho - aia ka wela i ka lā, a no laila hoʻomaha ka hoki i nā holoholona hihiu, ke loaʻa nei kahi wahi i kahi pale a, inā hiki, maʻemaʻe. Haʻalele lākou i ka malu a hoʻomaka e ʻimi e ʻai i ka ʻai ma ke kakahiaka, e hana ana i kēia pō a pau. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wanaʻao. ʻO kekahi kūlana, ʻaʻole ia e mau loa: e hiki koke ka wela, a ke huli nei nō lākou no kahi malu no ka pau ʻole o ka nui o ka umu ma muli o ka lā wela.
Hiki i ka hoki ke hana kēia mau mea a pau i hoʻokahi wale nō a me he ʻāpana o ka bipi. ʻO ka pinepine, ka neʻe ʻana o ka pō ma ke ahiahi ma ke ʻano like, e hele wāwae wale ana nā hoki hihiu i kahi lōʻihi. Hana lākou i kēia i nā mea ulu o nā wahi, akā, hoʻopā ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻeleʻale: a ua ʻeke lākou i nā wahi i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, ua hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mau ʻāina ulu. I ka manawa like, neʻe mālie lākou a hiki i ka hōʻai ʻole ʻole a hoʻolilo i ka ikaika loa.
ʻO ka pono e mālama i ka ikehu he hohonu loa i loko o ko lākou mau manaʻo a ʻo nā poʻe o nā holoholona o ka hale lōʻihi ka neʻe i ka leisurely like ʻole, a paʻakikī loa ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoki e hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki, ʻoiai ia i māla maikaʻi a hoʻoulu ʻia i ke anuanu. He ʻike maikaʻi lākou a me ka lohe, ma mua lākou e pono ai e kūʻē i nā mea ʻānai; ʻike ka poʻe hoki i ka poʻe maʻi hemo mai kahi mamao aku. Ke hele wale nei nō nā manawa maʻamau ʻole i ka wā e hoʻomohala ai i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 70 km / h.
Ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāpana i loko o kā lākou pae o kēia manawa, akā naʻe, ua mālama nui lākou. ʻO nā ʻōiwi ola e noho wale ana he teritorial: noho ʻia kēlā me kēia hoki e noho ana i kahi ʻāpana o 8 mau kilomita square a hōʻailona ʻia kona mau palena me nā puʻu. Akā inā he kuʻapo kekahi hoahānau i kēia mau palena, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka mea nona ka hoʻomakeke - i kēlā me kēia hihia, a hiki i ka mea hoʻomakehewa ke hoʻoholo i ka wahine me kāna wahine.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: ʻelua mau hoki o nā hoki
Noho ola nā hoki nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā ʻohana kau he mau poʻe kaukani. Hoʻākoakoa pinepine nā holoholona hoʻokahi i nā hui kokoke i nā kino wai. Aia ke alakaʻi mau i kēlā i loko o ka pipi - ʻo ka mea nui a ikaika a paʻa, nā hoki i waena o ka makahiki waena. Me ia, maʻamau ka nui o nā wahine - hiki i kahi kau o lākou, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā'ōpio a ʻekolu mau makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne hoʻi ʻehā. Hiki iā lākou ke kau i nā manawa o ka makahiki, akā hana pinepine ʻia ia i ke kō. I ka wā moe, hiki i nā kāne ke lilo i ka huhū, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻokahi ("bachelors") ke hoʻouka i nā alakaʻi i ka poʻe e hoʻohuli iā lākou - a laila hiki wale iā lākou ke kiʻi me nā bipi wahine.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā hakakā ke hoʻopaʻi ʻia: i ko lākou papa, ʻaʻole i lawe ka poʻe hakakā i nā hōʻeha hōʻeha, a ua waiho ka mea lauwili e alakaʻi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa a hoʻāʻo iā ia i kāna manawa i ka manawa e lilo ai i mea ikaika. Hana ka hona i ka hapalua ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ai hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau kau. Mālama ka makuahine i nā hoki wahine me ka waiū a hiki i nā mahina 6-8, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou iho. Hiki i ka pipi a hiki i ka wā i hoʻopulapula ai ʻo ia, a laila waiho wale nā kāne - e loaʻa iā lākou iho a hele kāwelona wale.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He holoholona koʻikoʻi nui kēia, hiki ke lohe ʻia kona mau hīaka i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana mai kahi mamao o 3 km.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka hoki?
Ma mua, ua ʻimi ʻia nā hoki e nā liona a me nā pēpē nui. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi i noho ai lākou, ʻaʻohe liona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa ana. He ʻilihune kēia mau ʻāina a, no ka mea, ke noho nei ka ʻāpana o kahi liʻiliʻi. No laila, ma ke ʻano o nā ʻenemi o nā ʻenemi he nui loa. He kupaianaha nō naʻe, akā hiki ke hoʻokahuli i nā hoki kīwī me nā mea wī: hiki iā lākou ke nānā a lohe paha i ka ʻenemi ma kahi mamao lōʻihi, a mālama mau iā lākou, no ka mea ua paʻakikī ka hopu iā lākou ma ke kahaha. E hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia e honi ana iā ia, lele koke ʻo ia i ka hoki, no laila he pilikia nui ka liona e mālama pū me ia.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila, inā ʻaʻohe hale e kokoke kokoke ana iā ia, pono ke hālāwai me ke alo o ka mea nāna e kō. I kēlā kūlana, e hakakā nui nā hoki e hiki ai ke hōʻeha i ka mea hoʻopiʻi. Inā makemake kekahi mea wānana no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, a laila hiki iā ia ke ulana i nā pua liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka holoholona makua ka hoʻāʻo e pale i kā lākou ʻohana. ʻO ke ʻenemi nui o nā hoki no nā holoholona hihiu. Ma muli o ka poʻe i hōʻemi ʻia ko lākou helu. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole wale ia i lulu wale ai i nā ʻūlio a me nā piʻo, akā ʻo ka ʻuʻuku: Ua maikaʻi loa ka ʻiʻo o ka hoki, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka poʻe kamaʻāina ma Aferika e hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Hoʻohālikelike ka Stubbornness i ka nele o nā hoki, akā ʻo ke kumu o kā lākou hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o ka home i ka ʻina o ka mālama ponoʻī - ʻaʻole like i nā lio. No ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōiwi ke hele i ka make, maikaʻi ʻo ia i kahi o kona ikaika. No laila e oki ka hoki luhi i ka hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole ia e puka i kona wahi.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻAkau: ʻAmeleka ʻeleʻele
Ua hele lōʻihi nā ʻano o nā ʻano ma ka Red Book i kahi e pau ai i ka pau ʻole, a ʻo ka lehulehu o kona lehulehu ua hōʻemi wale ia. Aia nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole: e like me ka ʻikepili makemake, hiki i ka nui o nā ʻīlio a hiki i ka 500 a pau ma nā āpau a lākou e noho ai. Manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema hou loa i ke ʻano o ka maikaʻi o 200 kanaka kūʻokoʻa. Wahi a ka lua helu, ua make nā kānaka āpau koe wale nō ka Eritrean, a ʻo kēlā mau hoki nā holoholona hihiu, ka mea i ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ʻAitiopa, Sudan, a pēlā aku, ʻaʻole maoli ka wīwī no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā naʻe, ʻo kā lākou māla me nā mea aloha.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻoemi ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ka poʻe i nā puna wai nui a me nā hana ʻai i kēlā mau wahi kahi i noho ai nā hoki. ʻOiai ke kamaʻilio ʻana o nā hoki i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa, ua paʻakikī loa ke ola ma nā ʻāina kahi i noho ai lākou i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai nui i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kekahi pilikia e mālama i ka holoholona: ka nui o nā hoki o nā moʻo feral.
Noho lākou ma ka ʻūhā o ke ana o ka manu maoli, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me lākou, ma muli o ke ʻano he nui nā ʻano o nā ʻano - ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou poʻe mamo ke kau inoa i ka poʻe ʻīlio hihiu. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka waoʻala o ka ʻIseraʻela - a hiki i ka wā i kūleʻa ai, ua lawe a kau nā holoholona i laila. Aia nā manawa e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou heluna, ʻoiai he nui ke ʻano o kēia ʻāina ma kā lākou kaʻao.
Kahu kiaʻi
Kuhi: Donkey mai ka Red Red Book
E like me ka mea i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book, pono i mālama ʻia kahi hoki e kahu ʻia e nā luna o kēlā mau ʻāina i noho ai. Akā naʻe ʻole ia i kolohe: ma ka hapanui o kēia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo no ka pale ʻana i nā holoholona luhilahi.He aha ke ʻano o ke mālama ʻokoʻa i hiki i ka lehulehu ma kekahi ʻāina e like me Somalia, kahi i hala mau makahiki ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ke kānāwai a e noho aliʻi nā hū?
Ma mua, ʻo ka lehulehu ka poʻe i noho ma laila, akā ua ʻoki loa ʻia ia ma muli o ka nele o kekahi o nā mea palekana. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa maoli ka kūlana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe: ʻaʻohe i hana ʻia nā wahi pale i mālama ʻia i loko o nā hale honi, a hiki ke hopu ʻia lākou. Ke ʻoluʻolu maoli lākou nei ma ka ʻIseraʻela, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ai lākou ma ke kākoʻo, a ma zoos. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻīlio hihiu iā lākou e mālama i nā ʻano - ulu maikaʻi lākou i ke pio ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I Africa, ua aʻo ʻia kēia mau holoholona a hoʻohana no nā lawehala. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me nā huahana a ʻae ʻia ma nā kuahiwi hiki ʻole i kahi ʻāina ʻē. ʻAʻole pono nā mea kūʻai pono ke kūʻai aku iā lākou iho, ʻoi aku ka uku o ko lākou mau hoalauna, a lawe pio pono ʻia lākou e pale i nā hana ma ke kaua ʻana i ka palena.
Hahai pono ka hoki i kahi ala maʻamau a hāʻawi i nā waiwai i kahi pono. Eia nō kekahi, hiki iā ia ke aʻo ʻia e hūnā mai nā kiaʻi palena. Akā inā hopu lākou iā ia, no laila, ʻaʻohe mea e lawe mai ka holoholona - ʻaʻole e kanu. E nalowale nā smugglers, akā e noho ma ka nui.
Nā pāpio - nā holoholona akamai a kōkua maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha inā hiki i ka makahiki o ka hoʻokele ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻi e hoʻomau e mālama iā lākou - ʻoi loa i nā ʻāina kuahiwi, kahi e hiki pinepine ai ke kaʻa i kahi kaʻa, akā maʻalahi ka holo kaʻa. Akā he kakaikahi nā hoki maoli maoli i loko o ke ʻano a hoʻoweliweli ʻia nō ia me ka hoʻopau ʻana.
Hoike ʻike
ʻO ka wā hānai i ka nui o nā hoki o nā keiki e hana pinepine i ka puna a me ke kauwela o ke kauwela, akā ʻaʻohe iki mau manawa manawa. I ka hapanui o ka hānau ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻelua ʻelua ʻalopō. Kuhi ʻia kahi hapaha i mea maʻamau, lōʻihi ma ka 360 a 390 mau lā. ʻAi ka ʻōpio i ka waiū a hiki i ka 6-9 mau mahina, a hoʻomaka e hōʻona i nā mauʻu i ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Loaʻa i ka ulu piha i nā makahiki ʻelua. I nā makahiki ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka haʻaheo o nā hoki i ka hana, ʻoiai paha i ka makahiki ʻekolu o nā hoki e hiki ʻole ai i ka hana maʻa mau. ʻO ka hoʻohana mua ʻana i ka hoki ma lalo o kahi pākeke hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hōʻeha i kahi holoholona ʻōpio.
ʻO ke ola he ola he 25-35 mau makahiki. He mea maʻamau ka lōʻihi o nā lola lōʻihi e noho nei i nā makahiki 45–47.
Aia ma muli o ka ʻano, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke kiʻekiʻe o 90-163 cm, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i nā hoki o ka hoki i like me ka nui o nā lio a like i ka nui o kahi lio maikaʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui loa nā mākaʻi o nā poʻo Poitus (kiʻekiʻe 140-155 cm) a me Catalan (kiʻekiʻe 135-163 cm) mau pōhaku. ʻO ka paona o nā holoholona makua mai 200 a 400 kg. Kau ʻia ke kala o nā hoki e pili ana i ka hua.
He 31 mau pona o nā chromosome i loaʻa ka hoki. Pulse - 45-55 kākoki i hoʻokahi minuke. Lainga hāmeʻa - 10-15 neʻe i ka hanu ma kahi minuke. Paʻa kino - 37.5-38.5 ° С. ʻElima mau lehe a ka ʻedebeka i kahi ʻelima lumbar (he ʻeono ka lio).
ʻO ka hoki ka iʻa me kahi kāki ma ka hope, e like me ka bipi.
ʻOkoʻa ka hoki o ka hoki i kona mau hoahānau nui ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hānai a me ka wai me ka maʻalahi. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka mea kanu mauʻu a me ka mea kanu mauʻu. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia mau holoholona i ka lepo a me ka hoʻoilo ka pono o nā lumi maloʻo.
Donkey, kona wahi a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He holoholona liʻiliʻi ka hoki . ^ E Ha yM. No nā lālā lio. Akā ʻokoʻa kona ʻokoʻa mai iā lākou - ʻo ia kona poʻo nui a me nā pepeiao pepeiao.
Hiki i nā mele ke ʻokoʻa i ka kala: hina, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo. He oi aku ma kahi o nā keiki hoki o ka hoki nā mea i hoʻopuka ʻia e nā mea like ʻole me nā holoholona like ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā hoki a me nā hoki?
He hoki ka nini . ^ E Ha yM. Ua loaʻa ʻo ia i kahi wā ma mua o kahi kōkua a ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ma ka mahiʻai.
Kūleʻa nā mea nui he nui i puka mua mai nā lio a ʻo nā hoki. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia lākou ma ʻAigupita a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Aferika.
He helehelena nani nā holoholona e noho a ola i nā kahu. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻohana he tausani hoʻokahi mau pahuhopu.Noho ka poʻe pōmaikaʻi ma nā ʻāina ākea, me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o kā lākou mau ʻukepili i ke aniani a me ke ala maloʻo. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi mānoele a maloʻo hoʻi no lākou, no ka mea e hoʻomaka ana ko lākou mau hove e ʻā a huʻi.
No ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ke olakino a me ke ola
Pono ka hoki i kahi mālama like me kahi lio . ^ E Ha yM. Akā ʻo ia i ʻai liʻiliʻi ma ka lio, ʻaʻole ia ke koi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hiki ke hānai iā ia me ka mauʻu, ka mauʻu, ka bale, ka palaoa, ka oat a me nā kakalaioa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻākāka ʻia kāna ʻike.
ʻO nā hoki nāu e noho nei i ka nahelehele ʻai i nā mea kanu: mau nahele, lau. ʻOiai ke noho nei lākou i nā ʻāina me nā kime wela, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole i ka manawa lōʻihi.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka nā hoki i nā kau. Hānau ka hoki a hoʻokahi keiki hoʻokahi hānai a hānai iā ia me kona waiū no ʻeono mahina. ʻO ka hali ʻana o ka cub mai ka ʻumikumamālua a ʻumikumamāhā malama. Ma hope iho o ka hānau ʻana, hiki ke kū ka pahu i kona mau nāwaliwali nāwaliwali a nawaliwali. Ma hope o ʻumi a hiki i ka ʻumi mahina, ua kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia.
Ehia mau mele e ola? Loaʻa ka ola ola o nā hoki ʻoihana i nā makahiki he kanakolukumamālima, a ʻo ia hoʻi me ka mālama pono ponoʻī iā lākou. Noho nui nā ola ʻē. ʻO ko lākou ola ola mai ka palena a i ka iwakāluakumālima mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa, he nui nā pipi manu e waiho nei. Ma kēia mea, ua kākau ʻia lākou i ka Buke Red. A e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā hoki, hoʻomaka lākou e hua i nā kahu lapaʻau kūikawā a me nā zoos.
No laila ua ʻike mākou i ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoki i like ka hoki. A ua loaʻa iā lākou ʻokoʻa ka hoki o ka hoki koe ʻole kahi hale. Noho ka hoki i ka nahelehele me kahi anuanu ikaika. ʻO ka hoki, ʻo ia ka hoki a hoʻokahi, akā ʻo ka home, e noho kokoke ana i nā kānaka a kōkua iā lākou i ka mahiʻai. A ma ka hoʻi hou ʻana mai ka meaʻai a me ka mālama.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke haʻi i ke ʻano o ka hoki a me ka hoki. A inā paha ʻoe e nīnau i kēlā nīnau, e mālama ʻia i kahi manawa, akā he mau wale nō e hāʻawi i kahi pane kuʻi iā ia. Ma waho paha o kēia hihia ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i ka holoholona like ʻole, ʻelua wale nō inoa.
Ke ʻae hou nei kēia nīnau iaʻu e kahaha i ka nui o ka ʻōlelo o Rūsia. ʻAʻole nui nā huaʻōlelo a pau i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka manaʻo like. Akā aia nae nā kūlana i ka wā hewa a hana hewa ʻole ia e hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻololi . ^ E Ha yM. No ka mea, ke loli maoli ke ʻano o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia. No laila, ma mua o ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kekahi mea, pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻano o ka kūpono e hana ai. Wahi a ka hapa, ʻo ka hoki a me ka hoki ka holoholona hoʻokahi. Akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo anei kēia ʻōlelo?
Ehia ka hoki?
Inā, ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia kikokikona, makemake ʻoe i ka hoki a kahu paha - ʻike ʻoe i kēia, ʻo ia ka holoholona like ʻole - a laila ʻo ka nīnau mua ka mea makemake paha iā ʻoe ka nīnau o ke kumukūʻai. ʻAʻole hiki ke pane ʻia ia i nā pane hoʻohālikelike, no ka mea, ke kū pololei nei ke kumukūʻai ma ke kahakai. Akā, ma ka awelika, ke kumukūʻai o ka hoki a mai kahi ʻumikumamālima a he kanakolu tausani Russian rubles.
Tahu
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka hoki ma mua ka mea i hana ʻia ma ka lio. ʻO nā hoki nā holoholona mua nā mea kahiko e hoʻohana ai i kahi ukana. Aia a puni ka XL kenekulia SM. e. i ka Delile Nile, mālama ʻia nā hoki i loaʻa iā Nubian. I Mesopotamia, ua hānai ʻia nā hoki nāu me ia. I ka wā kahiko, hele mai nā hoki i Europa. Ua ʻike ʻia, ʻo nā hoki o nā keiki mai ʻAsia mai mai ka Etruscans. Hele mai nā poʻe nūhou i Helene ma kahi o 1000 SM. e.
I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hoki no ka holo lio a hele aku i ka traction, akā me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā lio wikiwiki a ikaika hoʻi lākou, ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e lākou. Mai ia manawa mai, ua pau ka ʻōlelo ʻana o nā hoki i nā moʻomeheu kahiko. Ua lilo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hoki i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā ukana.I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hoki ka maikaʻi o ka hoki ma mua o ka lio, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa a hiki ke hana ʻole me ka wai a me ka meaʻai i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā pēpē hiki ke piʻi a hiki i ʻelua hapakolu o ke ola ola o ka holoholona, a ma nā hihia kūikawā'ē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻonui i ia. Me ka hana maʻamau o kēlā me kēia lā, hiki i ka hoki ke hana no 8-10 mau hola me kahi hoʻomaha hoʻokahi no ka hānai.
ʻO nā poʻe noke i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻai i ka ʻiʻo, ka waiū a me ka ʻili. ʻO ka ʻili o ka Donkey ma ka Middle Ages ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kūpono loa no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāala a me nā pahu. Ma ke ʻākau o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo Alps i hoʻomaka ai e ʻike ʻia mai ka wā o nā Roma wale nō.
He aha ka mea i waena o ka hoki a me ka hoki?
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia holoholona me he liʻiliʻi, hina a ʻāʻī hoʻi. Akā hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pane i ka nīnau i hāʻawi ʻia e nā poʻe ʻaʻole loea. A laila aole oiaio ia olelo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā pono o nā hoki. Loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona nā ʻano like ʻole:
hopuna i ka waiho ana
- pickiness i ka ai,
- stamina kiʻekiʻe
- hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe.
Nui nā hōʻailona e hiki ai ke hoʻohana e hoʻopau i kēia holoholona holoholona i kūpono ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kanaka i ka pāla ma mua o kahi lio. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoki a me ka hoki? Inā ʻoe e nānā i kēia pilikia, a laila ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou i ke ʻano like. Hoʻonohonoho wale lākou i ko lākou inoa, i hoʻoholo ai i ko lākou noho.
ʻO ka pono o ka hoki laka
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ke kiʻi o kēia mau holoholona, e ʻike koke ia i waena o nā manaʻo ʻole i waena. Akā ʻo ka poʻe ʻaʻole e hōʻole e aʻo e pili ana i ko lākou pono. ʻO kēia mau holoholona ʻelua kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi no ka mālama pono ʻana iā lākou iho. ʻIke ka poʻe a pau ia e make maʻalahi ka lio inā hoʻokuke ʻoe. ^ E Ha yM. Akā, ʻaʻole e hana kēia me ka hoki. E noi nō ia i ka hoʻomaha no ia iho, a inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ia, ʻaʻole nō ʻo ia e hoʻomaka i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻO ia kahi hiʻohiʻona e pili nui ana ka manaʻo o kēia mau holoholona.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā holoholona hina liʻiliʻi
He mau ʻohana pili ʻo ka hoki na ka hoki.
- I ke kai kūlohelohe, noho lākou i ke ʻano o nā pua, ʻo ka nui o ka nui e pili ana i 1000 mau kānaka.
- I ka wā kahiko, hoʻomaikaʻi maoli ka hoki i ka poʻe Indo-Europe, kahi i hoʻokiʻekiʻe i luna i kahi holoholona kapu.
- He centenarians nā puaʻa, ma kahi iki he 30 mau makahiki lākou. Eia nō naʻe, aia kahi hōʻike mai ka mōʻaukala i ola kekahi mau mea o kēia ʻano a hiki i 60 mau makahiki.
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoki a me ka mule?
Ua manaʻo ʻia he Mule ʻoiʻo kahi pua momona i ka hele ʻana i kahi hoki o ke kāne a me ka lio wahine. nolaila, hiki ke ʻike iā ia i nā hōʻailona ʻano o kēlā me kēia makua. ^ E Ha yM. Ua like kona nānā me ka makuakāne me nā pepeiao lōʻihi a me ke kani nui o ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a pau āna i hoʻoili ai mai kona makuahine. Ma muli o ke ahonui maikaʻi o kēia holoholona, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo ia i nā hana waiwai.
Nā puaʻa
ʻO nā ʻīlio puaʻa kaulana loa nā Pyrenees, Cotentin, Poitou, Provencal, Spanish - Catalan donkey, Central Asian - Bukhara a me Merv (Mary). ʻO kekahi manawa aia ka helu ma nā convex a me nā kiko kuhikuhi pololei (no ka laʻana, e A. Dobrokhotov). Hoʻokomo pinepine nā hoki nā ka poʻe Farani i nā hōʻike pāʻai.
I ka Kristiano
Ma kekahi hoki nūnō ʻōpiopio, ua komo ʻo Kristo, ʻo ke Aliʻi o ka honua, i Ierusalema ma ka lā Lāpapa i ka make ʻana o ke keʻa, e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia ma ka Euanelio, e hoʻokō ana i ka wānana a Zekaria: ʻO ka Pono a me ka mālama, ʻo ka Meek, e noho ana ma luna o ka hoki a me nā hoki keiki, ʻo ke keiki a ka mea i hōʻoki ʻia "(Zak. 9: 9). Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻumikūmālua ʻumikūmālua Palm Lāpule i kēia hanana.
I loko o islam
Hōʻike Allegorical ass, ua hoʻopuka ʻia me nā puke, nā mea i kū ma ka palapala o Koran (62: 5):
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka poʻe i hāʻawi ʻia i (me ka hahai) ka Torah, a ma hope iho ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, he ʻano hoʻohālike. ass (Ka ʻ .lelo. الْحِمَارِ, al-himari), ka mea e lawe ana i nā puke nui. Nani wale ke kūlike me ka poʻe ʻike (e noʻonoʻo) i nā hōʻailona o ke Akua he wahaheʻe. ʻAʻole alakaʻi ke Akua (ma ke ala pololei) pololei i nā kānaka. (Quran 62: 5)
A ma hope iho, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo kuhi e ka mea kākau Farani a me Renaissance luna ʻōlelo ʻo Michel de Montaigne.
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻono a me ke aloha o ka ʻepekema, inā ʻaʻole mākou e aʻo wale i nā hoki e hoʻopuka ʻia me ka naʻauao puke.
Wahi a ka Sunn, ʻaʻole pāpā ʻia ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo hoki. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jabir: "I ka lā o Khaibar, ua papa aku ka ʻ Messengerlelo a Allah i ka ʻai ʻana i ka hoki a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka iʻa." ʻO nā hoki nā manu, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻae ʻia e Abu Qatad i nīnau aku ai i ka mōʻī a ke Aliʻi: "E ke Aliʻi a ke Akua, ua ʻimi mākou i kahi hoki o ka ʻīlio a kū a mākou i kāna ʻai," no ia i pane aku ai: ʻO nā mea i koe, ʻoi loa. "
ʻO nā kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO kekahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, hina, paʻakikī a hoʻoweliweli - ʻo ke kiʻi o kahi hoki i hoʻomohala ʻia i waena o nā kānaka he nui. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o kēia stereotype mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO nā holoholona nā holoholona, ka nui o na pono, he nui i hala i hoʻoilo ʻia mai lākou mai nā kūpuna hihiu.
Loaʻa nā pono o nā hoki i ka waiwai:
- pauloliwia
- mea nui
- ʻaʻole pono ke poina
- kahi kūlike keu
- ikaika lawe kaumaha.
Ma ke ʻano he nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o nā lio, eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea kaulana loa i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia mea no ka mea maikaʻi o lākou hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mālama pono ʻana iho, a kanaka no ka lōʻihi ke hiki ke hoʻēmi iā ia. ʻO ka lio, e like me kou ʻike, hiki ke pana ʻia a hāʻule ia e make. Me kahi hoki, ʻaʻole e hana kēlā mau mea, ʻaʻole ia e pua a hoʻomaha a kali aku ʻo ia no ka mea e hōʻemi i ka mea nona ka ukana, inā ua nui loa ka ukana iā ia.
ʻO Ishak kekahi o nā holoholona hihiu mua i hoʻokau ʻo ia i "lanakila" i ke kanaka a hoʻohana no kāna mau pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka hoki o kēia mau heihei i kūloko mai Nubia a me ʻūlani hema. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi o 5,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua lawe paʻa nā kānaka o ʻAigupita i ko lākou hale me ke kōkua o ka hoki.
I kēia mau lā, nui ka poʻe mahiʻai e hānai i nā hoki a ʻike ʻia ma nā kihi a pau o ka honua. He mea nui ia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻokele, me ka moʻomeheu kanaka.
ʻAʻole loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i ka hale wale nō, akā ʻo ka ʻili he halihali, ka lawe ʻana i kekahi kanaka a me kāna mau mea, nā huahana a pēlā aku. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Mekiko me ka makemake e hoʻohana i kēia, a me nā Lūkini - ka puʻu Caucasus a me nā wahi like ʻole ma Central Asia.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumulepule
ʻOiai ka holoholona he mea hoʻopale manu nei, aia kekahi mau subspecies e pili ana i ka makemake ʻole e lawelawe i kahi kanaka ma kekahi ʻano. ia asian asian or kulans. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohala iā lākou ma mua o ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā, ʻaʻole naʻe he mea i hana ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe i hiki i kekahi ke hana i kēia.
Ma Somalia a ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika pua lākou ʻO nā hoki poʻe Somalihe mea hilahila loa a ho'āʻo e noho i elima, a he iwakalua paha mau holoholona i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO kā lākou meaʻai matua he maloʻo maloʻo a me nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma ka wao nahele.
No ka poʻe kamaʻāina, nui kēia mau holoholona hihiu kumu o nā ʻiʻo a me ka ʻili, nona ka manaʻo no ke kūʻai aku, no laila i kēia manawa ua pau kēia ʻano mea. Eia nō hoʻi, he liʻiliʻi ko nā māka o ka holoholona ʻōmaʻomaʻo i Asia, ʻo lākou nō kekahi ma ka palena piha.
Asini Suria, ke ola nei i Suria a me nā wahi like ʻole o ka Middle East, e like me ka ʻike mua ʻana ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano nūhou. He poʻe liʻiliʻi ka poʻe e ʻike e pili ana i kona mau maikaʻi kūpono, he mea nui loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, e hiki i ko lākou mua ke ae i ka poʻe mahiʻai he nui ka nui o kēia mau ʻano i kēia ʻano.
Hoʻokahi wale nō pilikia - e ʻike i ka nui o kēia ʻano holoholona i hiki ke hoʻopukapuka ʻia a inā paha he hiki ke kūleʻa. ʻO ia loa holoholona hihiu a manaʻo nui ʻo ia i ka wao, me ka hiki iā ia ke noho ʻole me ka wai i kahi lōʻihi.
I ka wā i hānau ai nā hoki nāu, ʻākoakoa lākou i loko o nā holoholona nui e pale i nā pā, a hala ka manawa i laha lākou i mau keiki liʻiliʻi. No laila, loaʻa kēia mau holoholona no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I kēia manawa, e pili ana i nā hana a ke kanaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoki o nā moʻo, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ka helu ʻana i ka Red Book. No ka hana o kēia ʻano e hoʻoikaika nei a hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hua a me kona ola.
ʻO wai ka hoki, ka hoki, nā mule: hoʻohālikelike, wehewehe
I mea e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā holoholona, pono ia e nānā pono i kēlā me kēia.
ʻO ka mola he hōʻailona ia o nā momi i hana ʻia ma ke ala ʻana i ka mare me kahi hoki. He helu ʻokoʻa kēia holoholona holoholona hihiu:
- ʻIke ʻia he lio ma ka nui o ke kino
- Ua like ke poo o kahi holoholona i ka hoki
- ʻOkoʻa nā papa ma ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui
- Hiki i nā holoholona ke komo i nā lāhui
- ʻAʻole hiki i nā kūpuna ke hāʻawi i nā keiki
- ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o nā mules a hiki i ka 40 makahiki
- He mea maʻalahi lākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano mahiʻai, ʻoiai ua hānai nā holoholona i ka hapa nui o nā hānai a loaʻa iā lākou ka palekana.
Aia kekahi hewa pūpū 2:
Eia ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona:
- ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka mules harness ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o 140 cm, ʻoiai e loaʻa ka mules pack i ka 160 cm
- Ke kaupaona nei nā ulu mua e pili ana i ka 400-600 kg, a hoʻopaʻa wale i ka 300-400 kg
- Kuhi ikaika hōʻemi o ka mahele o ka nui o ke kino - 18-20%
- Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona keu 4 mau makahiki ke hana me ke kaumaha koʻikoʻi
- Pono e holo a pau nā kāne a pau, no ka mea ke hue a ua hue lākou
He mea maʻamau ia e komo i nā mulching ma ia mau ʻāina:
- Nā ʻāina ʻo Balkan
- ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema
- ʻApika
- ʻO nā ʻāina o East Hikina
ʻAno - kahi ʻelele o ka papa o ka mammies, i pili i ke ʻano o "Horses". Aia he 2 ʻano o kēia holoholona:
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻelele a pau nā hiʻohiʻona:
- Hiki i nā pipi ke ola mai 25 a 35 mau makahiki
- He loli ka nui o ka ulu ʻana e nā hua (90 a 160 cm)
- Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i nā holoholona i kā lākou piha piha no ka hiki ʻana o nā makahiki ʻekolu.
- Ua aʻo ʻia nā heihei mai ka hana ʻana mai 2 mau makahiki
- Pono e hānai ʻia nā holoholona me ka mālama, no ka mea hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻae i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka panilohi.
- Hoʻohana wale ka mauʻu a me nā nāhele lāʻau i mea e hānai ai.
- Kūpaʻa ka kala o ke kapa i ka ʻano o ka holoholona.
- He nui nā keiki a nā keiki
E pili ana i nā hoki, he mea kūpono ke ʻōlelo mua iā lākou i kapa ʻia nā hoki e like me nā mea i ulu ʻia e ke kanaka. ʻO kēia mau holoholona no nā kumu mai Aferika, ʻoiai ua hoʻāʻo ka mea like me nā hana like ʻole e pili ana i nā mea ʻelima o nā steppes ʻAmelika (kulans) ka maikaʻi ʻole. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻomaka ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "ka hoki" e pili i nā wahine wahine. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i mākaukau lākou no ka ʻenehana ma hope o 3 mau mahina mai ka hānau ʻana a hua mai ʻaʻole he ʻelua mau cubs.
Eia, hiki iā mākou ke kahaki i kēia hopena:
- ʻO ka hoki a me ka hoki nā hoki a he mau ʻelima nā ʻano holoholona like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
- Loaʻa ka mule i ka lio wahine a me ka hoki kāne
- He nui nā ʻōmaʻa a ʻōlohelohe
- ʻAʻole hiki i nā moles kāne ke hāʻawi keiki
Palapala palapala
- Freidenberg O. M. Komo aku iā Ierusalema ma luna o ka hoki (Mai ka ninaninau evelika) // Freidenberg O. M. Myth a me nā moʻolelo o ka wā kahiko. M., 1998, p. 623-665
- Kauka i loko o ka ʻao a me nā palapala
- Dobrokhotov A.F. Hōʻipili Holoi Pono. L., 1935.
- Nā waiwai pilikino o nā holoholona mahiʻai ma Rusia a me nā ʻāina e kokoke ana. SPb., 1994.
- Nā Mane // Animal World.
He aha ke ʻano o ka hoki, ka hoki, nā mule: photo
ʻOkoʻa ka ʻiʻo o ka hoki i ke kahe. I mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia mau ʻelele, pono e noʻonoʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa o kēlā me kēia.Ma ke ʻano he nta, ua hōʻike ʻia ka mule e:
- ʻO ka nui a me ke ʻano o ke kino e like me ka lio
- ʻO ka leo o ke kiʻi, ua like ia me ka leo o ka lio
- ʻO ke ʻano o nā hoove, nā hips a me ke poʻo ua like ia me ke ʻano o ko lākou hoki
- Hoʻohā like ke kala i ke kala o nā lole o nā lio
- Loaʻa i nā mule he 6 lumbar vertebrae
- Haumaha nā holoholona a hiki ke hiki i 160 cm ke kiʻekiʻe.
- E hoʻoili aku nā holoholona i ka mane, ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻili a me nā bangs mai ka makuahine (mare)
No nā hoki a me nā hoki, ʻo ia mau hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike nei:
- ʻO ka nui o ka vertebrae lumbar - 5
- Loaʻa i ka nui o nā holoholona.
- ʻOi aku ka pōkole o nā hanauna keu ma mua o nā moena
- Hiki keʻokoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu, me ko lākou ʻano
- Aia mau no ka pulupulu ma ke kihi o ka huelo
- ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho ma mua o ka hoki
ʻO wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui: ka hoki a me ka hoki?
A no nā hoki na nā hoki, a ʻo nā ʻīlio kekahi ʻano:
- Ka-moile
- Lohi kahe
- Hū nui
- ʻO ka wikiwiki liʻiliʻi
- Hālō
- Ahonui
- Pākiki i ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana
Hoʻohana pinepine, ʻo kēia holoholona i ka hapalua i ke kumu ʻike ʻole. I kēlā kūlana, hiki i ka mea nona ke ʻohi i ka hoki a ka hoki paha e hoʻomau i ka neʻe ʻana. Akā, ʻoiai keʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hiki iā lākou ke lanakila i nā ala lōʻihi a kōkua i ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe.
E haʻi wale ʻia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā mules. ʻO ka helehelena a me ka hoki nā hoki mai ka mules, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoili i kekahi ʻano ʻano.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o kēia mau holoholona.
- Pololei
- Polokalamu
- Ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana
- Kiʻakaʻaka
- Timidity
- ʻO ka wikiwiki
Ma muli o ka luhi a paʻakikī paha loaʻa, akā i ka hihia o ka hoʻokau hoʻonāukiuki. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole pili nā mules i nā lāhui pāʻani, no laila e hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia mai ka wā ʻōpio, akā he mea nui ia e hōʻike i ke kipi.
Pane maikaʻi akula kēlā pane: "ʻO wai ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hoki, ʻo ka hoki a me nā hoki?" - hiki ʻole. Loaʻa nā ʻelele a pau o kēia mau holoholona i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke ʻano. ʻO ka hoki a me nā hoki nā hoki nā hoʻopaʻi. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā wahine i ka manaʻo o ko lākou haku.
He aha ka inoa o kahi hoki o ka wahine wahine?
Nui nā hōʻailona o nā holoholona wahine o kēia pūʻulu.
- I ka hoʻolālā papa ʻana, ua kapa ʻia kahi wahine hānau. Akā i ka kenekulia XVI ma ka teritori o Rūsia e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hua'ōlelo Turkic "donkey" e kuhikuhi i nā holoholona wahine o kēia ʻano
- ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "donkey" i hoʻohana mua ʻia e pili ana i nā hoki āpau a Aferika i hanai ʻia e ke kanaka
- ʻO kahi kapa ka wahine ka kapa ʻana he "mule"
Eia, ʻike mākou i kēia:
- ʻO ka hoki a me ka hoki nā hoki a nā hoki nō nā holoholona like ʻole.
- Mule - kahi i waena o ka mare a me ka hoki
- Loaʻa i nā holoholona āpau nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole.
- Noho lōʻihi nā mōʻī
- ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoki a me nā hoki
- Loaʻa nā kāleka i kahi lōʻihi ola
- ʻOi aku ka loli ʻana o nā pipi a me nā hoki
Wikiō: Nā holoholona hihiu
ʻIia pinepine mākou i nā inoa like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole. Pēlā, e hōʻike mākou i kā mākou huaʻōlelo a me ka ʻike ma kekahi wahi. Akā kūpono wale kēia hana e ʻike ʻoe no ka hoʻololi maoli ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo. Inā ʻaʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i loko o ka pilikia. Lawe, no ka laʻana i ka huaʻōlelo, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e pili ana i ka mammine kaulike o ko ka ʻohana ʻohana. Eia kekahi, i ka palapala, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa kahi koho o kēia holoholona - ka hoki. Hiki paha ke kāhea i ka hoki, no laila ua like kēia mau manaʻo, e hoʻāʻo kā mākou e noʻonoʻo.
Pehea e mālama ai i kahi holoholona?
E noʻonoʻo i nā kumu nui a ʻōlelo mālama mālama :
- E ʻai ana ka hoki i ka nui o nā holoholona. ʻO ke koi maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā he 1 kilogram o ka palaoa i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā kāloti a me ka beets. ʻAi ʻia lākou e hānai hou ʻia i ʻekolu manawa i ka lā.
- Hiki iā lākou ke lulu a noho i loko o kahi kūlana me ka ʻole e koi ana i kahi hōʻoluʻolu.
- I kekahi mau lā, hiki i ka holoholona ke noho ʻole me ka wai a me ka meaʻai.
He kanaka hopohopo kēia kanaka, ʻaʻole pono e mālama pono. No laila, ʻaʻole hikiʻole i nā kānaka ke paʻakikī i ka hoʻouluʻana i kahi holoholona. Hoʻohālikelike ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he keiki a he hoki . ^ E Ha yM. He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau huaʻōlelo i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO wai kēia
ʻO nā hoki manuahi a ʻo nā hoki paha, ʻo ia ka mau o nā ʻīlio hihiu i hoʻopili ʻia e nā kānaka he mau millennia i hala aku nei a ua hana ikaika ia i loko a me ka mahiʻai. Manaʻo ʻia aia ua lime iki kēia mau holoholona ma mua o nā lio, akā naʻe, me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lio, ua hāʻule nui ka kaulana o nā hoki.
ʻOiai ka hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi o ka waiū, ua ʻokoʻa lākou i loko o kahi kumukanawai liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka mana o ka mana.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻāina home o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻākau o ʻApelika a me kekahi mau ʻāina o Mesopotamia - aia ma kēia mau ʻāina kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā kūpuna o nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma hope aku, i ka wā kahiko, hoʻolaha lākou ia ma waena o Eurasia, a laila hoʻohana ikaika ʻia i nā mahiʻai US. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole nui ka lehulehu o nā hoki o nā ʻōlio, no ka mea, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka mea hoʻolana holoholona i nā kīhāpai no nā hoʻokūkū a me nā ʻoliʻoli.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻīlio ma mua o nā lio maʻamau.: hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke kaupaona hou, a ua kūpono hoʻi i ka pae maikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o nā wahi kūlohelohe a me ka papa pōhaku. Ua alakaʻi kēia mea i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i lilo i nā holoholona i lilo i holoholona i nui i nā wahi ākea me nā ʻāina puʻuwai a me nā ihi ʻole a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā māmala lau. Ma ka ʻoi aku o ka waiū a me ka huaʻai ʻana, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau mea o nā lole a me nā mea hana mai ka ʻili o kēia mau holoholona i ka wā kahiko, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu hipa o kekahi mau ʻano e hana i nā lole umauma.
Ke haʻi nei i nā ʻike maloʻo, ʻo ka hoki kekahi o nā waiwai i loko o ka ʻohana equine. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui: he kaila lōʻihi a ikaika loa me ke kīpē ma ke ʻano o ka pala, ka nui a me ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao pepeiao, he kapa lio nui a ikaika, akā ʻaʻole ia i nā wāwae elongated. Ka palena ka nui o nā pākeke pākani a hiki i 300 kg (i ke kāne), ka awelika kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 165 kenimika ma kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ka awelika o ke ola he 35 a hiki i 35 mau makahiki, i nā hihia hōʻemi a hiki i 45.
ʻĀnō ke ola
ʻO ka nui o nā mea nona nā mahiʻai, ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ka manawa o ka ola i hiki mai nā home e pili ana i ka home, e pili ana i ka helu o ka like me nā lewa no ka lio a me nā holoholona hihiu, ʻaʻole ia he pololei kūpono loa. ʻO ka wahi i hānau ʻia ai nā hoki manu Nubian mua i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Nile River Delta (ʻApelika). ʻAno ke anuanu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea haʻahaʻa ma ka mākeke, nā meaʻai a me nā greens hou i hana ai i kēia mau holoholona i kūpono i nā kūlana kūlohelohe loa. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻaʻole wale ma ke olakino holoholona, akā i ka manaʻolana o ke ola holoʻokoʻa.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, noho ʻo nā hoki nā ʻoi aku ma kahi o 15-25 mau makahiki ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻai ʻana a me nā hoʻoulu ʻia e nā mea wānana. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ko lākou mau naʻau maʻalahi, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia nā wāwae no ka holo, ʻaʻole kūpono lākou i nā nehe a lōʻihi.
Ma hope o ka hana domestication i ka mālama kanaka lima lima, ua hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke ola i 45-47 mau makahiki.Ka pilikia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lōʻihi o kēia mau holoholona a kū i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka hapanui o nā kānaka i kēia lā e ulu a ʻehā no ka hoʻoulu waiū a i ʻole nā ʻiʻo wale nō. Hoʻemi ka hua waiū waiu o kahi holoholona e ka awelika o 20 mau makahiki, a kaulana ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio no ka ʻai momona a ʻono loa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pākeke i ʻoi aku he 25 mau makahiki ma ke ʻano he kōkua i loko o ka hale, ʻo ia ke kumu a me ka pololei ʻole o ka loiloi ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona.
Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lio, ua hāʻule nui ka makemake i nā hoki e like me nā hana hoʻomalu no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā pua hou o kēia holoholona. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole kaulana ʻo 300 mau ʻōlapa e ʻike ma ka honua a pau, ʻoi aku ka like ʻole o kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka hopena o ke kuahiwi kīnā ʻole o nā hua kīnā me nā kānaka o ka hoʻokele kūloko. Ma muli o ka hoʻoulu pālua ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā holoholona e like like me kēlā me kekahi, kahi e paʻakikī ai ka kikoʻī pololei i nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia. Ma kahi o nā mea lawaiʻa loio i ʻike ʻia i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o nā hoki o nā hoki, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike iā lākou ma lalo.
Mea Paʻa Mammoth a i ʻole Poitou
Ke manaʻo ʻia nei kekahi o nā ʻano nui loa a me ka kahiko o ka honua. He hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka lauoho pōkole me ka lauoho lōʻihi a i ʻole ka melemele paha a hiki i ka 50 kenimita ka lōʻihi. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia mau lā, ʻike nui ʻia ka lehulehu o kēia ʻano huaʻai a ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka mahiʻai a Farani. ʻAʻole paʻa i ka ʻāina kahi o kēia ʻano. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe hānai nā mea lawe mua i kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻāina Farani mai ka Emepera Roma i like me 2 tausani mau makahiki i hala.
Ma laila, hoʻohana pono ʻia kēia mau hoki e like me nā holoholona paʻapū a lawelawe ʻia ke halihali i nā līlū liʻiliʻi a i ʻole e holo a puni ka mauna.
ʻO ka holoholona kekahi o nā mea nui i waena o nā hoki o nā home., ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kumukānāwai nui kūmole, nā wāwae ikaika, a me nā ulu nui nui hoʻi - a hiki i ka 1,6 m ma ka mauʻu (kahi ma ke kānāwai he kūlike me ka kiʻekiʻe awelika o kahi lio maʻamau). Ma muli o ke koho a me ka nele o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka poʻe purebred, ua puʻu ka pua i nā loli: ua hāʻule ka ulu o ka awelika i ka 1.5 mau kāne i ka kāne a me ka 1,4 mika i nā hoki, ua emi ka nui o ka paona, kahi i hoʻopiʻi i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka ʻiʻo ka hoki.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi o nā kānaka o ka hoki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka sime. I ka manawa ke hoʻohana ʻia ka huluhulu ma ke ʻano he mea pono no ka lole kūlohelohe a me nā lole, eia naʻe, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻokiʻoki ma muli o ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka huluhulu. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka hoki mika ma ka mahiʻai (me ka hulu lōʻihi a me ka hulu hipa e like me nā dreadlocks) i ka manawa lōʻihi ua manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona maoli ia o ka pono a me ka pōmaikaʻi o kāna mea nona nā hoki, he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoki o nā poʻe nini a ulu i kūlohelohe wale no nā kumu hoʻihoʻi. Ma hope mai, i ka hopena o ka kenekulia XVII, he mea maʻamau ia e hōʻoki loa i nā hoki e pili ana i ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o ka lauoho.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i ka hohonu ʻokoʻa o ka ʻano ma ka puka ʻana o ka mālamalama a i ʻole nā ʻāpana a puni nā maka, ihu, a me ka ʻāʻī paha. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ho'āʻo e hoʻoholo i kahi kanaka e ka palena a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho lauoho - ʻaʻole ia e hilinaʻi i ka pedigree. ʻO nā kānaka āpau i nā moʻo mammoth ma ke ʻano he lōʻihi a lōʻihi ka lauoho.
Ua loaʻa i kēia mau hoki nā inoa inoa ʻole "Poitou" no Poitiers Farani liʻiliʻi i komohana Farani. I ka hapalua o ka kenekulia XX, ʻaʻole i piha o 45 mau kanaka purebred i noho ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki XXI ua ulu iki ka nui o ka lehulehu ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā pua. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 450 mau kānaka o kēia ʻano hihiu e loaʻa ma nā wahi a pau o ke ao nei, ʻo ka hapa wale nō o lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ka hilahila o kekahi poʻe i kēia ʻano me ka hoki manu ʻAmelika, e kau ana ma waena o lākou i kahi hōʻailona kūlike. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ko ka moʻomeheu Amerikana i pani ʻia i loko o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma o ke komo ʻana i nā holoholona he nui, me ka ʻano ʻo Poitou.
ʻĀpana huaʻai
ʻO ka mea mua loa i loko o Sepania, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ma muli o kona ikaika nui a hoʻomanawanui. Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia XVIII, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka pua i ko ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana a me nā mines ma ke ʻano he papa hoʻoikaika.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hiki ʻana o ka ulia loea i ka ʻenehana, ua nalowale ka pono o kēia mau holoholona, no ka mea ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i hōʻole.
ʻO ka home o kēia ʻano puaʻa e manaʻo ʻia ʻo Catalonia a me Sepania ʻĀpana, kahi i kū nei i kēia manawa ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi a ma, me he mea laʻa, no nā kumu hoʻolālā. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kēia ʻano ma nā mahiʻai o Barcelona, ʻo Puigcerda a i ʻole ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Olot. Inā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, aia ma kahi o 50,000 mau kānaka o kēia ʻōiwi e helu ʻia ma nā wahi a puni o ke ao nei, i kēia manawa ua hōʻemi kēia helu i 4-5 mau haneli, ʻo ka hapahā o ka ʻehā i ka hale hoʻokahi ma waho o Sepania.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka pālahalaha manuahi ma muli o ka nele o ka noi nui, eia naʻe ke kumukūʻai o ka pākeke hoʻokahi a hiki i ka 6 tausani euros.
ʻO ka ʻano like ke manaʻo nui loa i waena o kāna ʻano. I nā malo, hiki ke ulu i ka ulu ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka 1,7 mika, ikaika ka pākala, proportional, ikaika nā iwi, ikaika nā wāwae a lōʻihi. ʻEleʻele aʻeleʻele paha ka lauoho i ka waihoʻoluʻu (kokoke i nā maka, ma ka ʻōpū a ma luna o ka puuhiluhi, māmā a keʻokeʻo paha ka lauoho), ʻeleʻele a lauoho a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ka pōkole. I ka hoʻoilo, he lei nā kapa, hiki i nā alaloa ke ʻano i ke aniani a ʻulaʻula.
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā pepeiao nui a i ʻole ka pepeiao, i nā mea a pau e kū pololei me ka "(scissors").
I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo Catalan o kahi ʻano kīnā ʻole inoa ʻole o Catalonia. I ka lua o ka hapa o ka kenekulia 20, ua kūkulu ʻia ka hōʻailona o ka wā e hiki mai ana o Sepania - ka ʻeleʻele "Osborne bull", kahi i hoʻokumu mua ʻia me ka inoa no ka home Grupo Osborne. Ma hope aku, i ka hakakā ʻana no ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka kūʻokoʻa o Catalonia, ua hana ka mea hoʻolālā Sepania i kahi hōʻailona ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka hoki o ka Catalan, kahi i lawe ai i nā leka o kahi holoholona iʻa, paakiki a paakiki. Ua makemake nui ʻia ka hōʻailona hou e nā kamaʻāina o Catalonia, hiki i kēia manawa ke loaʻa i nā wahi āpau e like me nā mea hoʻolaha, nā mea hoʻohālikelike a me nā kiʻi i nā huahana he nui i nā hale kūʻai waiwai a me nā haberdashery.
Puʻuwai ʻōpiopio Miniature
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hapa liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā hoki a pau. ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o kēia kau e hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, ʻo kekahi mau ʻāpana like ʻole o ka nui o nā hoki mai Italia a me ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia ko ke kupuna o kēlā kanaka. I ka wā mua, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o kekahi kanaka ma mua o 1.1 mika, i kēia lā ma muli o ke koho ʻana, ua emi nui ka ulu a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 90 mau kenimika ma ka maloʻo. I ka wā mua ua ulu a ulu wale ia ma Italia ma ke ʻano he holoholona hihiu. Ma hope iki, hoʻomaka ka ʻohana i kahi e hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku i ʻEnelani a me USA, kahi i makemake nui ai nā mea hōʻiliʻili a me nā mea ʻai nui.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea kūlohelohe no nā kumu hana hoʻoliʻi a me ka hōʻike, no kona paʻu liʻiliʻi a me ka ikaika nawaliwali, ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻia ka ʻano i ka hana paʻakikī.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka holoholona i nā poli a me nā pāʻani no nā keiki - he ʻoluʻolu kēia mau hoki e pili ana i nā hana aʻa, ʻaʻole like ʻole i ka hoʻonāukiuki a i ʻole hana ʻino. ʻO kahi ākea, hoʻokaʻawale koke nā holoholona i ka ulu liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana a me nā limu. ʻO ka kala ka he kala maʻamau, brown a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona keʻokeʻo ma nā muzzle a me nā maka.
I nā poʻe purebred, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi hiki ʻana i ka waihoʻoluʻu ma waena o ke kala o ke kua a me ka'ōpū - ʻo ke kaʻe ma ka umauma a me nā manamana lima he mau mea ʻoi aku ka lono. Hiki i kekahi o nā kanaka feral o kēia ʻano ke ʻike i loko o ka nahele i kēia lā - no ka laʻana, ma Cyprus a ma ʻAmelika, USA, Australia. Aia ma kekahi mau wahi, ua hoʻokumu ka poʻe feral i ka heluna holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka mau tausani o nā kanaka.
He aha e pono ai no ka ʻike?
No nā holoholona nā holoholona ʻaʻole pono i nā pilikia mālama kūikawā. Aia ma lalo iho nei kahi papa inoa o nā lula a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka ulu ʻana o ka hoki i ka mahiʻai.
- ʻO ke kūlana ola. ʻO ka mea mua āu e pono ai he lumi nui, hoʻoluʻu a hoʻonaninani maikaʻi ʻia me nā hale kiki a me nā kihi ʻōpala. ʻO kahi papa lāʻau lāʻau me kahi papa lepo maikaʻi i kālai ʻia a i ʻole ka papa lāʻau kūpono i kūpono loa - e hoʻomohala nui ka lāʻau a ʻaʻole e hoʻomoʻo i ka wikiwiki. Hāʻawi i kahi lumi me kahi moena maikaʻi o mauʻu. Pono e kau ʻo Hay i loko o nā mea hānai kūikawā, ma ka papahele e lilo koke ia i lepo a me nā hoa. Kūleʻa kekahi poʻe loea i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e kūkulu i nā hale i uhi ʻia i nā ʻāpana kūikawā i nā peni. I loko o nā hale, pono wale nō ka papahele, nā mea hānai i hana ʻia i ka waiwai paʻa - ʻoi aku ka lāʻau ʻoi i luna.
ʻO kahi ma kahi o ka pale i kēia hihia ua uhi ʻia i ka gravel, akā naʻe, e koho ʻia nā koho me ka papa ākea a i ʻole ʻae ʻia e hoʻopuni piha ʻia.
- Hikina. ^ E Ha yM. E ho'āʻo e hoʻoweliweli pinepine i ka lumi i nā manawa e hele ana i ka holoholona i ka lewa hou. Pono ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, nā meaʻai a pau a me ka wai hoʻowalewale e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka manawa a o ka holoholona ʻaʻole i make ka maʻi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o nā hoki a maʻemaʻe loa a hiki iā ia ke hōʻole i ka meaʻai i loko o ka lumi haumia.
- Ke hele nei. ^ E Ha yM. I nā wā mahana, he wahi noho ka hoki no kahi e hele ana i waho, hiki i ia ke kuli me ke komo ʻana i ka mauʻu i ka mauʻu hou. Eia kekahi, pono e luhi i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka hele. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ka peni he pā maikaʻi. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ka pā lāʻau nei, kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki ʻole i ka holoholona ke hele aku ma waho, a i kahiʻuʻuku i ʻole e ʻae i nā poʻe predator.
Hōohana i ka ʻole ʻili a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea kuʻuna i ka panalāʻau - ʻili kulu, ʻoki hao, inā ʻaʻole e ʻeha ka holoholona.
- Kāne. ^ E Ha yM. Ke koho nei i kahi holoholona no kekahi kumu, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i kāna ʻano a me kona ʻano. ʻO ka ʻakaʻaka nā ʻōmaʻa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, inā paha e hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā holoholona ʻē a i ʻole nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke haʻi ʻia e lawe i kēlā mau hoki, ʻo ʻoe nō ka mea hiki ke aʻo hou iā lākou.
- Socialization. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻalo i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o nā hoki a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ka mahiʻai. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia no nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio paha, ma o kā lākou hana i hiki ai ke hana i kahi hōʻeha maoli i loko o ka hoki. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hoʻomau ka huhū a me ka leʻaleʻa i ka mea nona ka māla.
Ke hāpai ʻana i ka hoki, e uku nui ʻoe e pā. ʻAʻole paʻa a nā ʻōpiopio i ka hana ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka lima. ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka ʻōlelo kolohe e pili ana i nā hoki nāu a e ʻuwī paha iā lākou - makemake nui kēia mau holoholona i ka hoʻouka kaua pololei. Pēlā i pili i ka pānaʻi - e makaʻu aku paha ka holoholona iā ʻoe, akā inā e pili ana ia mai ʻole ia. Ma kahi o ke kumu e kūʻai ai ʻoe i nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kūʻai wale aku 2 a i ʻole 3 mau mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi.
Hoʻomanawanui nui nā keiki i ka noho aloha a hoʻokaʻawale i kā lākou ʻohana.
I ka lumi me ka holoholona e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia a me ka wai hou. Inā ke kū nei ka wai i kekahi mau lā, a laila aia ka manawa nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā microbes i loko, e hiki ai i nā maʻi. I ka hoʻomaka, e hoʻoholo no ke aha ʻoe e makemake ai i kahi holoholona. Inā ʻo kaʻai a me ka waiū, a laila e kūpono ke lawe i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano a me ka maʻamau o ka hānai. Inā kōkua no ka ʻohana, a laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻouka i ka hoki i ka hana ma kahi wā ʻōpio - a hiki i 3-4 mau makahiki he makahiki, hana ʻia nā meaola i loko o ka mea pilikino, hoʻoikaika ʻia ka pōkole. Mai nā ukana ikaika i ka wā ʻōpiopio, hiki i ka holoholona ke loaʻa nā hōʻeha a me nā hōʻeha. Ma ka hihia maikaʻi loa, hiki i nā hoki ke kau aku i ka 30% o ko lākou kaupaona, e noʻonoʻo i kēia inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka holoholona no ka holo.
No nā kumu hoʻolālā a me nā leʻaleʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e koho i nā kāne a castrated a me nā wahine, ʻoi aku lākou iʻoi aku ka mālie a me ka maluhia. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana hoʻoulu, a laila e kūpono ke koho no kēia mau mea ikaika a olakino hoʻi (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoki he 1-2 a he kāne hoʻokahi).Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne mai nā wahine a mai kēlā me kēia mai i hiki ʻole ai ke hoʻopōʻino i kekahi.
Hānai
Pono ia e noʻonoʻo i nā kumu kumu o kaʻai a me kaʻai i loko o kahi hoki. I ka mua, e hōʻike ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka hānai ʻana i kāu mea nānā, a laila kahi papa inoa o nā huahana hiki nō a he hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi i kahi ʻokoʻa.
- ʻAʻole e like me kekahi mau lio, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia nā hoki e hoʻohui pono i ka hānai cereal a me ka cereal i ka meaʻai: ʻai, ʻokiʻa, bale a me ka palaoa. Kūpono wale kēia mau huahana āpau i kahi nui o ke kō, nā kō a me nā ʻona maikaʻi ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole ai ke kino no ka pipi i ka pā ʻana ma loko o kēlā me kēia nui. Ke ʻai ʻana i ka nui o nā meaʻai like ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka momona, laminitis, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā pilikia o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
- ʻO ke kumu nui no ka meaʻai ka nui o ke kahele, pono no ka hana pono o ke kāwele, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka kō. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ka mauʻu huaʻai o ka ʻai, a, no ka laʻana, he palaoa mauʻu. He maikaʻi maikaʻi loa ia a waiwai i nā momona momona. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia mauʻu i ka wā anu o ka nele o ka mauʻu hou a me ka meaʻai momona.
- Kuhi mau holoholona nā holoholona i noho mua ʻole, no laila no ka ʻai ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi loa ma mua o nā wahi a maikaʻi a maluhia nā lau a me nā lau hou. Ke hele maikaʻi nei ka hele ʻana i ka ʻai kahi ʻaʻole wale me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā huaora kūlohelohe, akā pū kekahi me ka wai hou, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻole ʻia kēia mau holoholona. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka mauʻu hou i ka mahele nui o ka meaʻai, e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea ʻai no ka hapanui ʻo ia he koʻo.
- I ka hoʻoilo a me nā kau anuanu, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi mau i ka hale me ka mauʻu he nui. ^ E Ha yM. Pono ka hana ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka wā hana. I mea e mālama ai i ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ia me ka waiʻai a i ʻole mauʻu hou. No nā poʻe kuʻikuʻi ʻole me nā niho a me ka lactating nā hoki, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka chaff i ka meaʻai he koho maikaʻi.
- Pono hou ka momona ʻana, me ke kumu ʻole o ka maloʻo a me ka pākuhi, ʻo ka hōʻailona maikaʻi loa o ka mauʻu maikaʻi ʻo kona mau pua floral. Hōʻike ʻia e mālama i nā ʻala hope o ka hōʻiliʻili, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā huaora, ka fiber, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka gula a me nā mea pono kino. Mai hoʻohana i ka mauʻu alfalfa, meaʻai maikaʻi loa ia a e waiwai maoli nō ka poʻe nāwaliwali a hina paha.
- ʻO nā ʻōiwi a pau kahi ʻōmaʻa kahi ala a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ka momona, ʻo ia ke kumu e makaʻala pono ai i nā lawelawe. ʻAi nā kūpuna o kahei i ʻai i ka nui liʻiliʻi ma nā lau palala e waiwai ʻole ai ka mauʻu. Hoʻohui ʻia ko lākou kino ma kahi liʻiliʻi o nā meaʻai a hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui o nā fiber a me nā huaora mai loko aʻe o ka meaʻai haʻahaʻa. He mea kūpono ia e mālama i ka nui o ka mauʻu hou i ka lau nahele.
Ke hoʻokipa nei i kēia kaʻina hana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā penikala mobile no nā holoholona.
- No ka poʻe holoholona nā keiki no ia 3 mau lā i ka lā ʻaʻole lawa.Pono kēia liʻiliʻi, akā mau ka maʻamau pinepine o nā meaʻai. I ka wā hoʻomaha, pono i ka holoholona ke komo i ka mauʻu me ka mauʻu.
- ʻAʻole pono ke kipi a me nā ʻano maikaʻi i kā ka papaʻai holoʻokoʻa. Pono ia nā pākuhi manuahi e uku i ka hana maikaʻi a i ʻole no kekahi ʻano hana hoʻopunipuni i hana ʻia. A maikaʻi nā maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka hoʻoilo no ka nele o nā huaora a me nā minela. I kekahi manawa, mea kūpono ke hāʻawi ʻole i nā mea hou aku i ka 1 pākahi o nā mea kanu a hua ʻole paha. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, he ʻākala kēia, kāloti, a me ka maiʻa (nui pono ʻole ʻoe e nānā aku iā ia). Mai hāʻawi i nā ʻuala, kekahi ʻano pōpoki a me nā mea ʻai me ka nui o ka wai - ʻaliki, ke kāleka.
Mai ho'āʻo e hāʻawi i ka holoholona i nā mea maʻamau o ka meaʻai a ke kanaka - ʻohi, ʻala ʻia, ʻai ʻia a ʻai ʻia i nā meaʻai.
- ʻO nā heihei, e like me nā lio, he mau mea kanu maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka papaʻai e hoʻokomo wale i nā meaʻai mea kanu, ʻaʻohe ʻiʻo a me nā mea iʻa.
- ʻO ka nāwaliwali, nā hapai, a me nā holoholona ʻōpio e makemake wikiwiki i kekahi mau mea kanu a pau loa. Ma mua o ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou i ka meaʻai, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i kāu doktor holoholona e hōʻoia i ka pono no ia ʻanoʻai.
ʻO ka nui o ka waiora a me nā lako hoʻohui no nā minela loa: nā paʻakai paʻakai (me nā molula), nā ʻāpana kelepona kūikawā (kūikawā no nā hoki), nā lau nahele i hau a maloʻo (nā lau malo lau maloʻo ka maikaʻi ma ʻaneʻi), nā palupalu protein. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i ka meaʻai ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ua hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke olakino o kēlā kanaka, mākaukau no ka hoʻoilo, a e loaʻa koke paha ka nui o ka ʻiʻo.
Ke koho nei i kēia mau mea hoʻohui, e hōʻoia maoli lākou no nā hoki, nā mea like like no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole a hana ʻino hou aʻe ma mua o ka maikaʻi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi o nā meaʻai i ʻae ʻia no ka hānai pipi i nā mea ma luna, a ʻo ka ʻike ma lalo nei e hōʻemi wale nei i nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka hānai no kēia mau holoholona. Ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai, e alakaʻi ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻai o ka mea kanu, hana lākou i kā lākou ʻai nui i ka kūlohelohe.
- ʻO keʻano huahana huahana: cereals, mauʻu hou (me nā kīnā ʻole i hoʻopōʻino a me ka mea make o ka holoholona e like me ka horseradish, bleaching, dope, buttercup, celandine, hemp, wolf eye) ʻae ʻia i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, mauʻu maikaʻi, ka mauʻu ka maikaʻi, nā lau a me nā huaʻai (nā ʻōpala, kāloti) , nā lālā o ke kumu lāʻau, nā lau o kekahi mau lāʻau.
- Ka papa inoa o nā huahana maikaʻi ʻole: nā huahana me kahi kōʻai hānai (keke, pastries, sweets, kuki), nā huahana pāʻai (cheeses, cottage cheese), ʻiʻo a me nā iʻa, nā hua a me nā lau me nā momona nui (citrus hua, ke kāleka, ka aniani, nā ʻōpio), nā huahana me ka moʻo o ka manaʻo starch ( kalala, palaoa), ʻai kanaka (ʻohi, paʻakai a ʻai i nā meaʻai), ʻōpala kīleʻa huaʻala, nā huahana ʻē aʻe me nā pulupulu a me nā keke.
ʻAno hānau
E like me nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe, e hānai ʻia nā hoki e nā ʻano holoholona lehulehu no ka hana ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio. E hōʻike ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pua hānai.
- ʻO ka ʻōpiopio wikiwiki, ʻaʻole like me nā lio. Ma ka piha o 2 mau makahiki, ua mākaukau nā kāne a me nā wahine no ka male a me ka hana o nā poʻe hou. Eia naʻe, paipai ʻia e kali a hiki i 3 mau makahiki, ʻoiai hiki i kēia manawa hiki ʻole i ka maha ʻōlohelohe i ikaika nui e halihali.
- No ka hoʻouluulu, e pono ke koho i kahi wahine ikaika, ikaika a ikaika no ka momona maikaʻi, a me kekahi kāne ikaika. I ka wā e moe ai, pono i kekahi ke hana i ke ʻano o ka moe kolohe aku, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka wahine me ka estrus i hoʻokahi peni me nā holoholona ʻē (me nā kāne). A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kāohi i ke kūlana a ʻike i ka holoholona ʻaʻole i hoʻopōʻino kekahi i kekahi.
- He lōʻihi ke kahakaha ʻana (a piʻi i 1 makahiki a i ʻole), hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mua wale nō ma hope o hoʻokahi mau mahina. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka hoʻonui i ka udder, kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hana, nā maʻi hōʻeha, ka ʻano hoʻomaha.
- Ma kahi o mau pule ma mua o ka lawe ʻana pono ke kau ʻia o ka wahine i loko o kahi lumi hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe a hānai me ka meaʻai hou a me ka meaʻai i loko o kahi pālua.
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia ka hānau keiki ʻole i nā pilikiaʻAʻohe mea kōkua pono e pono ai. E like me ke kānāwai, aia ka 1 foal i loko o ka litter, ma nā kūlana i loaʻa ʻole i nā mea ʻelua.
- ʻO ka manawa lactation, i.e. hānai, hiki i ka 9 mahinaEia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaka e hoʻololi i ka ʻalopona i ka mauʻu hou ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka makahiki. Mai kahi puni o kēia wā, hiki ke lawe ʻia i nā liona i ka ea hou ke ʻoluʻolu ke ʻano.
- Hiki i ka piha makahiki, i kēia manawa, ua mākaukau nā hoki na lilo kīwaha a kōkua i nā mea hana hale.
Olakino
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe kulekele i ke olakino maikaʻi, hoʻomanawanui a pale aku i nā kulu lehulehu a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻōpū, ke kaumaha, ke kanikau, ka ʻōpū a me ka wīwī i ka wā o kāu hoki, e hoʻokaʻa koke aku i kou ʻano lāʻau maʻi no ke kōkua. Pono e hoʻolei i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e hoʻopilikia hou i ke olakino o ka holoholona. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi maʻi o nā hoki e kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo nei.
E hoʻolauna i ka hoki mai ka wā maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ua hākilo ʻia e kūʻai i kahi pale kūikawā. E pale nō ia i ka holoholona mai nā hāʻule koʻikoʻi i ke mahana, nā papa hana a me ka hau. Pono e nānā pono ka pale pale - ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hoki i nā kapa a hoʻāʻo paha e lawe iā ia iho e ka hū ʻana i nā paia o kahi pale a i ʻole ka hale. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i ka suppuration a i nā scabs. Aia kekahi ʻano kūpono o ka pale ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona e kōkua i ke pale ʻana i ka nui o nā maʻi e hiki ai i ka holoholona.
- ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea i loko o ka mokuhe o ka hoki i hilinaʻi i ke kūlana o kāna kapa. I ka hoʻopoina ʻole ʻia a me kaʻulaʻula, hiki ke haku ʻia nā mea lapaʻau i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopōʻino wale i kāu hoki, akā hana pū nō hoʻi a hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku i kahi palaʻi kūikawā a hoʻāla pinepine me ka huluhulu hulu mai ka lepo, nā mea paʻa a me nā kakalaioa. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo i ka leʻa ʻana i ka holoholona me ka wai. Eia kekahi i ka mea hiki ke makaʻu wale i ka hoki, hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau e hopu iā ia.
- ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka hoki nā elele i mea e pono ai i ka pale ʻana. E like me nā nūnū o ke kanaka, ulu nā ʻōmaʻu o ka hoki a pono ke ʻoki a hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale i ka holoholona i ka hele ʻana, a me nā palu i haumia a haumia e hoʻokō i nā maʻi. Me ka mea e pono ai, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana i kahi mea kīwī me ka ʻike nui. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe e pili ana i kēlā me kēia 2 mahina.
- ʻO nā mea keu, huluhulu, huluhulu a ʻōpiopio paha kahi pilikia maʻamau me ka poʻe nona ka mea ʻike ʻole. E like me nā hoove, kūlohelohe nā niho niho a pono hoʻi ke kaohi ʻana. ʻO ka kīʻaha paʻa paʻa a i ʻole ka lau hou i mālama ʻia me ke ʻano maikaʻi. Kūleʻa nā mea hoʻouluulu loiloi i ka kipa ʻana i kahi kauka niho nika e kū hoʻokahi ma ka makahiki hoʻokahi - no ka pahu pahu nui, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā pilikino i nā loiloi o ka niho o ka holoholona. E hoʻoholo ka dentist i ke ʻano o nā niho o kēia manawa, pono e hoʻohui i ka calcium a me nā huaora i ka meaʻai, a hāʻawi pū i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ka meaʻai.
ʻO kēia pilikia ka hopohopo pili i nā ʻelemakule a me nā ʻōpio me nā niho palupalu a i ʻole nā kūpuna - no lākou he mea maikaʻi loa ke hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano mixtures a i ʻole nā mea e pono ai ka ʻūhū nui ʻia.
- ʻO nā mea hoʻomaha kekahi mea e pale aku ai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ma kahi mamao o nā mea āpau a pau. ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau e hiki ke pale ʻia e kēia ala, ʻo ia ka maʻi, tetanus, a me nā maʻi maʻi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, pono paha e pono ai nā līlī a me nā mea kanu encephalitis.
- Kokoke ʻia nā wīwī ma luna o nā ʻōpala āpau ma Oslovodstvo. Hoʻokomo nā Parasites i ka holoholona, hoʻemi i ka makemake, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi a me ka momona o ka waiū, ka hana a nā holoholona i ka wā e hele ai. Nui nā huahana anthelmintic i kūʻai ʻia, eia nō naʻe, he mea kōkua wale nō kekahi o lākou. ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻokolohua Ma kēlā wale nō e hiki iaʻu ke kākau i kahi hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa me ka loli i kaʻai a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau mau huaora.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, pono ke nānā ʻia kekahi mea e hōʻoia e hōʻoia ai i nā hopena hopena.
- ʻO nā manawa pinepine, nā mea inikini ma ke ʻano o nā mea ākea, nā lice a i ʻole nā kunia paha ka hana i nā hoki. ʻEhā nā ʻōmaʻomaʻa e ʻike - ʻohi ʻia nā holoholona i nānā ʻia ma nā pā i nā wahi i paʻi ʻia. E lilo ia i pilikia i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi ʻelua - ʻo ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ke ola nei i ke ola mai nā mea waena. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kapa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka puhi ʻana i nā lika.
He mea maʻalahi loa ka mea huna o ka maʻi maʻa - ke kiaʻi pinepine nei i ke ʻano o ke kapa kapa o ka hoki, e hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaʻi a me nā mea kanu manu no nā makika.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻamau ma waena o nā hoki.
- Nā ʻakaʻaka - Hoʻolā ka kāpili-calcium ka hoʻopauʻana i ka momona. ʻO ka maʻamau i loko o nā poʻe ʻōpio ma muli o ka meaʻai pono ʻole kūpono a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiū o ka hoki.
- Polyvitaminosis - e hele ana i ka hoʻoilo me ka nele mau loa o nā huaʻai, nā lau hou a me nā huaora.
- Bronchopneumonia - nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau o nā māmā a bronchi. Hele mai ia ma muli o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole i ka umu a me ka hau, me nā hana makana.
- Ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻōpū - kū mai ka overeating a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻena o ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā huahana.
No ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hoki, e ʻike i ke wikiō aʻe.