ʻO ia wale nō ke kumu o nā characinids i hoʻopili i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi e hoʻohele ʻia ai ma Mexico a hiki i Texas. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino e like me ka roach. ʻO nā unahi he nui, keʻokeʻo, kālā, me ke kala kākā. ʻO Caudal, anal a me nā spins ventral ʻulaʻula ulaula, dorsal a me ka pectoral paio pololi, keʻokeʻo. Ma waenakonu o ke kino, mai ke poʻo a hiki i ka huelo, ke hele ma waena o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o ka ʻōiwi maʻamau, aia ma ke kumu o ka huʻu e lilo i wahi ʻeleʻele, me he ʻano he elongated rhombus.

Hiki i nā wahine makua ke lōʻihi o 10 cm, ʻokoʻa nā kāne a pālaha ke kino o ko lākou kino. ʻO nā kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine kūpono like. ʻO Tetragonopterus - ʻike hewa ʻia ka iʻa me ka iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai inā ulu pū me lākou. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka mahana wela loa he 18-20 ° C; i ka wā o ka spawning, e hoʻonui ʻia ka mahana i ka 22 ° C. Makemake ʻo ia i ka hale hoʻoneʻe nui, ʻo kahi mea e pono e kanu ʻia me nā mea kanu. E hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻohana tetragonopterus, neʻe i ka neʻe ʻana. I ka hoʻoweliweli iki ʻana, hūnā ka ʻohana āpau i waena o nā pale. Noho ka ʻai i ka meaʻai, ʻoi loa ka daphnia, kahi wai hoʻokahe i haʻalele ʻia, inā hiki ke iho i lalo, e hoʻomaha iki i ka ʻai mai ka ʻaoʻao, a no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kahe koko i loko o ka kahe koko, ma waena o ia mea e lohi aku ai i loko o ka wai a ʻomaʻomaʻi a ʻanuʻu. Inā nui nā mea kanu i ka mea aku a ua hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole pono ʻo tetragonopterus i kahi mehana o ka wai.

No ka hoʻoulu hua tetragonopterus i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i mua paha o Mei, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i kahi pākana liʻiliʻi me ka nui o kekahi i ʻelua mau pōpō me ke kahawai kahawai a me ka wai hou, hoʻonoho ʻia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka aquarium o ke ʻano elongated, 25-30 cm kiʻekiʻe. Ke waiho nei i ka waena waena, pono nā kanuʻelima me kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu, e uhi i ka lalo me nā nitella. I ka mākaukau ʻana o nā mea a pau, ʻo kahi wahine me ʻelua mau kāne, i noho i mua i kekahi mau lā me ka wahine ʻole, e hoʻokau ʻia i loko o ka hale wai. I ka mua, hoʻokuʻi ka wahine i nā kāne mai a iā ia, kahi e noho ai ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka hāola. Hiki i kēia i ka lā hoʻokahi, a i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hua e ulu nā hua. A laila, maʻamau i kakahiaka, hoʻomaka nā kāne e alualu i ka wahine, hoʻokuke iā ia i loko o ka lehu o ke ʻaka, kahi e kahe ʻia ai ka caviar a me ka waiū. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻia ka Caviar, ma ka liʻiliʻi nui e pālahalaha āpau i nā kuhikuhi a pau, pili i nā mea kanu a hoʻopuehu ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo. Ke hoʻokau nei kēia pāʻani i nā manawa he nui. I kēlā me kēia manawa ma hope o ka spawning, ʻo ka wahine a me nā kāne ke ʻai nui i ka caviar, akā ua nui ka mea, ʻoiai, loaʻa ka nui mau haneli hua.

Ma hope o nā hōʻailona he nui, e wehe ʻia nā kāne a me ka wahine, e kanu ana iā lākou i nā ʻili like ʻole i hoʻomaha ka wahine.

Ma hope o nā lā 2-3, puka mai ka palaoa liʻiliʻi mai nā hua, e kau ana ma luna o nā mea kanu a me nā aniani. I kēia manawa, pono e hāʻawi i nā mea liʻiliʻi a ciliates a i ʻole "lepo" a kīha i ka wai me ka ikaika. Ma ka lua o ka lā, ke hoʻomaka mua nei ke aniani i kaʻauʻau i nā hipa, e noho ana i nā wahi o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻōloli. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, ma ka lāʻo 8-10th e ʻai maikaʻi. Loaʻa lākou i ka wā kamaliʻi i ka makahiki aʻe.

Ma hope o nā lā 10-15, hiki ʻoe ke hoʻokau i ka hoʻāla me ka wahine hoʻokahi, akā e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kāne ʻē aʻe. I ka lua o nā litter, hōʻemi liʻiliʻi nā caviar.

ʻO ke kino tetragonopterus e elongated, i hope. ʻO ka ʻāʻī haʻahaʻa a ākea nui, protruding i mua. ʻO ka kumu, ʻo ke kala o kēia mau iʻa he kala, ke ʻoliʻoli nei i nā kala like ʻole. Pahu ʻia kahi kaula uliuli mai waenakonu o ke kino ma ka peduncle caudal, aia ma ke kumu o ka paʻu caudal e hoʻopiʻi i ka ʻōwili ʻino, e hana ana i ka wahi daimana. ʻAʻohe kala ʻia nā poli pectoral, ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe a ʻulaʻula paha. Loaʻa kahi ʻano albino me ke kala gula a me nā maka ʻulaʻula i loko o nā hale aku. Eia kekahi, i ka pio ʻana, iʻa ka iʻa me ka pale fin pale. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne; ʻoi aku ka ʻili o nā pena o nā hope.

He maluhia ʻo Tetragonopterus, ka iʻa motile e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao waena a me luna o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kahi pā o 5-10 mau kānaka i loko o ka aquarium me kahi nui o 50 lita a i ʻole. I loko o kahi waihona waiwai, makemake ʻia e hana i nā lau o nā mea kanu me kahi ʻole o ka loko. ʻO nā hoalauna ma ka hale hoʻonaʻu ākea paha nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a iʻa nui paha. Huhu lākou i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole e noho i ka manaʻo ʻole i ka iʻa me kahi helehelena pale pale. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kūloko Tetragonopterus i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia no nā aquarists hoʻomaka.

Pono ka aquarium i kahi kānana maikaʻi a me nā loli wai maʻamau. ʻO nā Omnivores, makemake i nā mea ola a me nā mea kanu ʻai. Mai ka manawa pono e hānai i ka tetragonopterus me nā meaʻai kanu, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻai i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu. Mālama ʻia kēia i ka mea kanu mea kanu, no ka laʻana, ʻoliʻoli kēia mau iʻa i ka leʻa i ka duckweed a me ka pulima. E like me nā mea hoʻohui i ka lau ʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana: kāhu kulala a me nā ʻuala, kālai ʻia i ʻoki ʻia, nā lau ʻōpio dandelion.

Hiki ke hoʻopaʻi hou ʻia nā makahiki mai 6 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. Ma mua o ka spawning, ʻokoʻa a hānai ʻia ka wahine ʻōpio a hānai nui ʻia i ʻelua pule. ʻO ke kūpaʻa ʻana e hoʻoneʻe me ka helu nui o nā kāne a i ʻole ʻelua mau helu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​synt synt fib e like me kahi substrate.

Ka hōʻaila wai kūpono: pH 6.5 - 7.8, gH 6 - 15 °, mahana 26 - 28 ° С. Hoʻopili ka wahine i nā hua he 1,500. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka spawning, hoʻomaka nā mea hana e ʻai i ka caviar, no laila e kanu pono ʻia lākou. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Caviar i loko o 2 mau lā. Ma hope o 5 mau lā, hoʻomaka ke hānai ʻia i nā wai momona me ka infusoria, artplak nauplii, rotifers.

Kāleka

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā tetras ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka tetragonopterus ka iʻa he nui nui, e hiki ana i ka 5-6 cm ka lōʻihi, emi iki pinepine he 8-10 cm.ʻO kona kino he rhomboid, ikaika ikaika ʻia a hoʻoulu hou ʻia. Nui ka waha, me kahi ʻōpū haʻahaʻa hoʻi i hala. Mālama ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa me nā unahi kala he nui, he ʻulaʻula a me nā peʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana huluhulu me kahi hiʻohiʻona laha ʻalaniʻulaʻula. Mai ka waenakonu o ke kino a hiki i ke poʻo o ka iʻa, hala nā lehelehe maloʻo maloʻo.

ʻAʻole ʻike nui nā mea ʻokoʻa i kēia ʻano iʻa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā males ma mua o nā wahine, i kekahi manawa he pala melemele ko lākou mauʻu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne;

Mea Hoʻomaopopo. I waena o tetragonopterus albinos e loaʻa me nā unahi gula a me nā maka ʻulaʻula, a me nā poʻe me nā pale pā pale. Ke koi hou nei nā Albinos i nā kūlana o nā paʻa.

Koho a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka aku

Noho ʻo Tetragonopterus i nā ʻohana. No kahi ʻohana o 8-10 mau iʻa, ua kūpono kahi aquarium 80-lita. He jumper nui ka tetra, no laila e hoʻopili pono ʻia ka aquarium i kahi uhi.

E like me ka lepo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka kahe o ke kahawai, i hana mua ʻia me ka wai kaila. ʻO nā mea kanu me nā lau paʻakikī, nā lau lōʻihi a hiki i ka ʻōpū o ka wai i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana no kēia kumu hornwort, pinnatifolia, painbitis a me microzoriums. ʻAʻole pono nā mea kanu i ka pale manuahi o ka hipa, ka mea e makemake i ka nui o ka manawa i ka papaha waena o ka wai.

He māla nui ʻo Rhomboid tetra e pīʻalo koke i kekahi o nā mea kanu aku me ka hiki ʻole o Anubias a me ka mokuna Java. ʻO ia ke kumu i loko o nā aquariums me ka tetra roach, hoʻohana lākou i nā mea kanu me nā lau malo ʻole a nā "greens" maoli paha.

Nā kūlana o ka paʻa

• ʻO ka mahana ma waena o ka 20-25 ° C, ua pulu i ka mahana a hiki i 16 ° C, ua ʻae ʻia,
• ka momona - mai 6.5 a 8 mau pūʻulu,
• nā paakiki - mai 7 a 20 mau pūʻulu.

Nā hola o ke ao he 10 mau hola. Me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ikaika a me ka nui o nā mea ola, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka wai. I mea e kuʻi nei i nā kukui māmā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā mea kanu me ka ʻai i loko o ka aquarium.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Tetragonopterus e hōʻiliʻili i nā koena ʻai mai ka lepo, no laila, pono ke lako me ka kānana ikaika. Hoʻopili pinepine i ka wai i ka wai i loko o ka mea i loko o ka mea i ka maʻamau, akā i nā wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka loli maʻamau ka 25% wai i ka pule. Pono ke keʻokeʻo a maʻemaʻe a mālama pono.

Hoʻolohe ʻO Tetragonopterus albinos me nā unahi gula a me nā maka ʻulaʻulaʻi loa i ka hapa o ka oxygen. No kahi nohona kūpono, pono lākou i ka wai mahana (23-26 ° C) a me ka hōʻiliʻili ikaika.

Hānai

He hopohopo ʻo Tetragonopterus i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomoʻo ia i kekahi meaʻai, maloʻo, ola a hui pū paha, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea aloha daphnia. Me ka hānai maʻamau me nā kīlaha ola a me ka leaka, e ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ke kaila tetra e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka saturated. I ka manawa like, hopu ke iʻa i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻūlū e waiho ana i lalo. Hoʻomaha iki ke koena o ka meaʻai mai ka lepo, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana i nā kahe koko i loko o kahi puaʻa neʻe, kahi e ulu iki ai i ka wai a ʻai i ka tetra.

ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o tetragonopterus hiki i ka cereals. No ka hōʻemi i ka makemake ʻana o ka iʻa no ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu akuakū, ka hoʻokūkū ʻia, me ka ʻōpū o ka wai kōpaʻa a i ʻole kāpeti, nā ʻāpana kuke, nā lau dandelion i hui ʻia me nā kō. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka meaʻai maloʻo e hoʻololi i waena o kēlā me kēia.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano hana a me ke kūlike me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe

ʻO Tetragonopterus ka iʻa ikaika, ikaika. Mālama ʻia lākou i nā kahu, i ka neʻe pinepine mau. Me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, hūnā ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i nā mākeke o nā mea kanu aku.

He ʻano leʻaleʻa kekahi o ka rhomboid tetra - ʻaʻole ia he kūʻē i ka haki ʻana i kona poʻe hoalauna e ʻoi aku ma nā ʻaoʻao, a me ke koʻi ʻana hoʻi i kā lākou huelo a me nā pā. Nā pākēlū (mai 6 a i ʻole kekahi mau kanaka), a me kā lākou hānai hou ʻana (i kekahi mau manawa i ka lā) e kōkua i ke kīpē ʻana i nā hana hōʻāhewa.

ʻAʻole nā ​​hoa kamaʻāina maikaʻi loa no ka tetala rhomboid kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me ka iʻa lohi me nā pua lōʻihi. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tetragonopterus me ka tetra hoʻoikaika a kaha ikaika: nā hale liʻiliʻi, Kongo, nā kakā, erythrosonuses.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoulu

ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka spawning i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hopena o ʻApelila - ka hoʻomaka mua o ka Mei. I kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka spawning, noho i ka wahine a me ke kāne i loko o nā kaola like ʻole a hoʻohuli ʻia e ola i ka meaʻai. No ka lōlō, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pā iʻa, kahi wahine me ʻelua mau kāne, a i ʻole nā ​​liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a me nā kāne.

Hana ka spawning i loko o ka spawning - kēpana liʻiliʻi me kahi hiki o 10-20 lita. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu elongated me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 25-30 cm.

E ninini ʻia ka pā wai kahawai i loko o nā kumu spawning, a me ka wai hou, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻia. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka waena o ka ʻikepili, a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu aku i nā kihi. ʻO ka lalo i uhi ʻia me nā nitella a i ʻole ma ka maikaʻi. E hoʻolālā i kahi kahe a me ka kānana. Ua līpī ʻia ka wai i ka mahana a 26-27 °. I ka wā e mākaukau ai ka pīʻāpā, e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana e hana mai ana i loko.

Spawning

Hoʻomaka ke kōʻaoʻao i ke kakahiaka nui. Hoʻomaka ʻo Males e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka wahine, a ma hope ua hoʻokuʻi ʻo ia iā ia i loko o nā kumu. Eia, ʻānai ʻo ka wahine i ka hua, a hōʻola nā kāne iā ia. ʻO ka pāʻani ʻana i ka pāʻani me ka hakakā o ka wahine i kekahi mau manawa.

Kaku liʻiliʻi nā hua o ka tetragonopterus, lele lākou a puni ka ʻōpio a hoʻopaʻa aku i nā nitella a me nā lau kanu. Makemake nā mea hana e hana i ka caviar, ma hope koke o ka pau ʻana o ka hakihipa ua hoʻi ʻia lākou i ka aquarium laulā.

ʻO ka mālama pēpē

Ma nā hola 24-36 ma hope o ka pīhoihoi, ʻūhā nā huaʻai mai nā hua hua, a ma hope o 4 mau lā hoʻomaka lākou e neʻe, ʻūlū a hui pū i nā ʻohana.

E hānai i ka pepa me ka liʻiliʻi o nā ciliates a i ʻole ka lepo lepo. Ma ka lā 8-10, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā keiki i nā cyclops. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā meaʻai maloʻo.

Ma 6-7 mau mahina, hiki i ka iʻa ma ka wā ʻōpiopio. Loaʻa ka ola ola o kēia iʻa i ke pio ʻana i 6 mau makahiki.

No laila, heʻano maʻamau ka tetragonopterus o nā ʻāpana kūwaho o ʻAmelika Hema. Maikaʻi kēia iʻa i nā kūlana o ka paʻa, hana, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i loko o ka noho pio ʻana a alakaʻi i kahi ʻohana o ke ola. ʻO kona mau hemahema nui loa he makemake nui i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu aku a me kahi ʻano pepeke.

E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe

ʻO Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi, a ma mua iā Hemigrammus caudovittatus a me Hemigrammus anisitsi) i wehewehe mua ʻia ma ka makahiki 1907 e Yengeyman. T

Noho ʻo ia i ʻAmelika Hema, ma ʻAmelika, Paraguay a me ʻInelani.

ʻO kēia iʻa kahi kula kula e noho ana i kahi nui o nā biotopes, e komo pū ana: nā kahawai, nā muliwai, nā loko, nā loko wai. Mālama i nā mea inikini a me nā mea kanu i ke ʻano.

ʻO keʻano

Nā mea pili i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, ʻo ia ka iʻa nui. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o 7 cm, a hiki ke ola a hiki i 6 mau makahiki.

He kino polū ke tetragonopterus me nā manaʻo neon nani, nā palahalula ʻulaʻula a me ke koʻo ʻeleʻele e hoʻomaka ana mai ka waenakonu o ke kino a hoʻohuli i kahi kala ʻeleʻele i ka huelo.

ʻO Tetragonopterus - maopopo ʻole, akā he mea ʻole ka noho ʻole

ʻO Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi) a i ʻole, me ka tetragonopterus Buenos Aires i kapa ʻia hoʻi, ʻo ka tetra a me ka rhomboid tetra, tetra roach he iʻa ʻole nui ʻole kekahi, he ola no ka wā lōʻihi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka lāʻau. He nui a nui no nā characins - a hiki i 7 cm, a hiki ke noho i 5-6 mau makahiki. He waiwai nui ʻo Tetragonopterus no nā poʻe hoʻomaka.

Hoʻopono maikaʻi lākou i nā hapa wai, ʻaʻole pono i nā kūlana kūikawā. Ke lilo nei i nā iʻa maluhia, hele maikaʻi lākou i loko o ka nui o nā mea kanu, akā makemake nui lākou. A pono lākou e hānai nui ʻia, no ka mea pōloli ka hopena hiki iā lākou ke hōʻoki i nā loina i nā hoalauna, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau - he liʻiliʻi.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke hoʻokomo i ka tetragonopterus i kahi pā, mai 7 mau ʻāpana. ʻO kēia ʻohana like ʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i nā hoalauna.

I nā makahiki he nui, ʻo tetragonopterus kekahi o nā iʻa me ka iʻa me ka nui. Akā, he kino lākou kahi o ka hao i nā mea kanu, a he aquarium i ʻole me nā mea kanu hikiʻole ke noʻonoʻo. Ma muli o kēia, ua hōʻemi ke kaulana i nā makahiki i hala.

Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe nā mea kanu ma mua o ka ʻaʻa, a laila ʻo ka iʻa i ʻike maoli no ʻoe.

Kūlike

ʻO ka tetrona rhomboid holoʻokoʻa he mea maikaʻi no ka pākōmona maʻamau. Pono lākou, inā he nui nā mea a lākou e mālama ai i ka ʻohana.

Akā ʻo kā lākou hoalauna e pono me nā tetras wikiwiki a me ka hana, no ka laʻana, nā keiki liʻiliʻi, Kongo, erythrosonuses, nā kakalaioa. A i ʻole pono e hānai ʻia i nā manawa maʻamau i ka lā, i ʻole e uhaʻi i nā pua o nā kamaʻāina.

ʻO ka ʻohi o ka iʻa, ka iʻa me nā pua lōʻihi, e ʻeha ʻia i loko o ka hale aku me ka tetragonopterus. Hoʻopili i nā mea hānai, ke hōʻemi nei hoʻi ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā mea i loko o ka pā.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻokomo ʻo Tetragonopterus, ka wahine i ka hua ma nā mea kanu a mosses paha. He maʻalahi loa ka male ʻana, hoʻohālikelike me nā rhodostomus like like.

Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau mea hana i ka meaʻai ola, a laila hoʻouna ʻia lākou i kahi māla hoʻokaʻawale. I ka spawning, pono ke kahe, kahi kānana, a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, e like me nā mosses.

ʻO kahi hana ʻē aʻe i ka moss ka lole ʻauʻau i hana ʻia me nā kaula ʻolon. Kau lākou i ka hua maʻa.

ʻO ka wai i loko o ka akuaku he 26-27 mau a me ka ʻami iki. Hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi loa ma ka waiho ʻana i ka ʻohana koke, mai kahi helu o nā kāne a me nā wahine.

I ka wā hea, waiho lākou i nā hua lāʻau i nā mea kanu a i ʻole ke kapa holoi, ma hope o lākou e pono ai ke kanu ʻia, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka hua manu.

E hāpau ka larva i nā hola 24-36, a ma hope o 4 mau lā e ʻauʻau ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i ka pīpī me nā ʻanoʻai like ʻole.

Akualia.ru. ʻIʻa akukula. He inoa ʻo Tetra. ʻO Tetragonopterus

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, ikaika nui i ka wā hope. ʻAʻole palaka ka laina ʻalani. Aia kahi kālā adipose liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka "A" ma mua o "D", "C" ʻelua mau piha.

ʻO ka kua ke kua ʻoliva-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ke kālā me ka melemele a hiki i ka māla-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka ʻōpū he kālā.I ka pau ʻana o ka caudal peduncle, kahi wahie ʻenehana ʻenehana penei i hele i ke "C".

ʻO nā moena, koe wale nō no ka "P", ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula. Aia nā ʻāpana kala melemele.

ʻAno hoʻonaninani ʻia ke kala kāne o nā pua.

ʻO ka maluhia, ke kula kula. ʻO ka paʻa, nā iʻa aloha ʻole, e noho i waena o nā ʻāpana waena a i luna, me ka peʻe weliweli i nā mākeke o nā mea kanu. Hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka iʻa wikiwiki, ʻoiai ʻeha nā ʻōpū ʻeha. I ka iakou, ʻo nā mea kanu me nā lau maloʻo hiki nō i ka moss Java, bolbitis a me nā Thai fern, ʻoiai ua ʻai nā iʻa i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.

R. Riel, A. Bensch hāʻawi i nā ʻāpana wai no ka kikoʻī: 18-28 ° С, dH a i ka 35 °, ka pH 5.8-8.5.

Pākuʻi ʻoihana i loko mai o 60 cm ka lōʻihi me kahi neʻoneʻe hoʻokaʻawale ma lalo o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu me kahi lāʻau elongated a me nā lau leʻa. ʻO ka hapa wai ka 15-20 cm.ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne i mālamaʻokoʻa ʻia no nā wiki 2 ma mua o ka pae no ka spawning. E uhaki ʻoe i ke ahiahi a kanu lākou i ka male a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka iʻa.

Mau kuʻi maʻamau i ke kakahiaka, kī ka wahine i nā 200 a keu paha. Ma hope o ke kīloi, wehe ʻia ka iʻa, hoʻōla ʻia ka hale ʻula, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka wai ma kahi o 10 cm. ʻO ka manawa o ka inkubation he 1-2 lā, ʻo ka ʻauʻau ka pīpī i 3-6 mau lā. Hāʻawi i ke kukui kukui. Hoʻomaka ka hānai: ciliates, rotifers.

ʻO Puberty ma 6-10 mahina.

Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai o 20-22 ° C, dH a 20 °, pH 7.

M.N. ʻO Ilyin i loko o ka puke "Kāleka iʻa ke kula" e kākau ai e pili ana i ka tetragonopterus:

ʻO Tetragonopterus (Hemigrammus caudovittatus E. Ahl.). Loaʻa ka Tetragonopterus ma ka wai. La Plata. Ua lawe ʻia mua lākou i ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1922, ua pālahalaha loa lākou a hiki i ka makahiki 1941 a mālama mau. I loko o nā mea kanu, maʻamau lākou e hele a hiki i ka 5-6 cm ka lōʻihi, i kekahi manawa 12 cm.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻāpana ka ʻāpana o kēia mau iʻa me ka he metallic, he ʻeke ka ʻōpū. Mai ka waenakonu o ka laʻe caudal a hiki i ka pau ʻana, kū ana kahi kaula ʻeleʻele ma ke kaula lateral, e hoʻonui ana i kahi wahi rhomboid ma ke kumu o ka paʻu caudal. ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau koe wale nā ​​pectoral i ulaula, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka anal. ʻUlaʻula ka iris ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe.

He maʻalahi nā kūlana no ka mālama a hānai. Hiki i ka mahana o ka wai ma ka aquarium ke piʻi mai 12 a 25 ° (maikaʻi loa 18-24 °). Hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai i nā hua holoholona, ​​makemake ʻia hoʻi ka lāʻau. ʻAʻole koi ʻo Tetragonopterus i ka pH, ka paʻakikī a me ka wai o ka wai.

He mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hua. ʻO ka wai paʻi maʻamau. Kūpono ʻia ka iʻa ma nā hale ʻai nui me kahi pālule ma lalo o 2000 cm2 a me kahi wai wai o 25-35 cm. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me nā mea kanu. Mālama ʻia ka mahana wai i ka 22-24 °.

Ma hope koke o ka lele ʻana no ka spawning a i ʻole ke kakahiaka (i ke kakahiaka), kī ʻia ka wahine mai 200 a 800 mau huaʻala ke aniani. Ma hope o ke kīlohelohe, wehe nā mea hana i nā caviar e pale ai i ka luku ʻana.

Hoʻopili nā huaʻai ma hope o 24 mau hola, a ma hope o nā lā ʻehā e huli i ka palaoa, hoʻomaka e ʻauʻau a ʻai i ka ciliates, nāplii a me kahi lūlū lepo maikaʻi, ma hope o nā pīkopa liʻiliʻi.

G.R. ʻO Axelrod, W. Worderwinkler ma ka puke "Encyclopedia of the aquarist" kākau e pili ana i ka tetragonopterus:

Hemigrammus caudovittatus (ke tetra kālai ʻia, ke kaha tetragonopter, tetra-roach). ʻO kēia iʻa mai ka ʻāina o Buenos Aires kekahi o nā tetras nui loa i loko o ka mokuʻelemakule, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 10 cm.

ʻO ke kala ka kala, ʻo nā momona āpau, koe wale nā ​​ʻāpana pectoral.

Holo ka laina kahala e pili ana i ke kino ʻehā mau ʻeka o kona loa a ma waena o ke kaʻe o ka huelo, i holo ʻia e ka pihi kū ʻeleʻele kahi kokoke i ka lua caudal a puni a ʻehā mau ʻāpana ʻula. ʻOkoʻa nā meles a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i nā wahine.

He kīkaha nui nā ʻōlehu nui, e hōʻike ana i ka huhū i ko lākou mau hoahānau liʻiliʻi, no laila pono e mālama ʻia me nā iʻa nui e kū kū no lākou iho.

ʻO kekahi mea leʻaleʻa punahele o kēia mau tetras e ʻoʻoki i kahi lōʻihi o ka pūpū o ka pūpū o nā pomacanthids a me nā gourami. Ua mākaukau nā wahine no ka spawning a hele mai hoʻi i nā hakakā me ko lākou mau kāne e hiki mai. No laila, ma mua o ka spawning, kanu ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine.

Pono lākou i kahi mākeke nui (a 80 mau) ka nui o nā mea kanu. Pono ke ʻano o ka wahine e huhū ma mua, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hakakā, hoʻomaka nā hanana e ulu ʻole me nā pohō. Ma hope o ke kīloi, hoʻoneʻe i nā mākua mai nā mālamalama, inā ʻaʻole e ʻai lākou i ka hapanui.

Ma 25 ° C i ka papa 2-2, 5 mau lā, ke kaʻe puaʻa, a ma hope o ʻelua mau lā ke hoʻomaka lākou e ʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke hānai koke i ka artemia.

M.N. Ua kākau ʻo Ilyin i ka puke "Aquarium fish fishing" kākau e pili ana i ka hemigramus genus:

Genus Hemigrammus

ʻAno kokoke ka genus Hemigrammus i ka genus Hifessobricon. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻakanikike o kēia ʻano i ka hope ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā unahi ma ke kino i kokoke i ka moni caudal.

Pono ke ʻano o nā mea hānai a me ka hānai e like me ka moʻo Hifessobricon, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, makemake nui nā chemigrams i ka wai hou e makemake ai i ka oxygen hou aʻe. ʻO kekahi o lākou, e like me tetragonopterus, hoʻopau i ka meaʻai kanu.

ʻO nā kūlana no ka hoʻomake o nā erythrosonuses ka mea like me ka ʻaʻe o mua. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hapanui o nā hemigram e hoʻohālikelike. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā aquariums me ke kiʻi metala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā mea kanu aku no ka hakima.

Ma ka kihi o nā mākāluʻu he nui kahi ulu o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​mika perlon. Hoʻokolo kekahi mau iʻa ma ke ʻano o ka substrate. ʻO ka hapalua o ka nui o ka wai e loli maʻamau me ka hou.

No ka spawning, hoʻonaninani a i ʻole ka ʻai me ka wai kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻonaninani ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia (pH 6.1-7.2).

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻelua o nā mea hana a hoʻokahi wahine paha me nā kāne ʻelua no ka spawning. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ka spawning i ke kakahiaka ma lalo o ka lā. Kūpī nā wahine i nā hua he 12-15 a ʻokoʻa pinepine, he ʻumi haneri no ka spawning. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pīhoihoi, pono e pae ʻia nā mea hana.

Ke kau aku nei nā huaʻai ma hope o nā hola 24-40, e kau ana i nā aniani no nā lā 3-4, e huli lākou i ka palaoa, hoʻomaka e ʻauʻau a ʻai i ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi loa. Ma hope o nā lā 8-10, hiki iā lākou ke hānai ʻia me nā ʻōlika liʻiliʻi.

ʻO Tetragonopterus (Hyphessobrycon anisitsi) kiʻi, mālama i nā kūlana, ka nui, ka ʻāina hānau, ka lōʻihi, nā ʻokoʻa, ka ʻona, ka meaʻai, ka ʻano, ka ʻano ʻōnopau, ka hua ʻāpala, ka pīpī, ka uala, Hemigrammus caudovittatus characin aquarium iʻa, Buenos Aires Tetra

Kawaikapu, a i ʻole intra daia a i ʻole tetragonopterus - nā lāʻau ʻona laulea no ʻAmelika Hema. E maʻalahi e mālama a mālama. I nā aquariums he omnivorous. E hoʻopau paha i nā mea kanu.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he iʻa kūpono no nā aquarists hoʻomaka. Ma nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻi nā maʻi tetra-mekala i hana ʻia ʻole. No kahi hipa o 8-10 kaila, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka aquarium o 100 lita a i ʻole ka nui, ʻoiai he mau ʻāpana nui kēia a me ka mea pono lākou i ka hāpana ākea.

Hoʻomaka maʻa mau ʻia i ke pio ʻana.

Na Øyvind Holmstad - Nā hana iho, CC BY-SA 3.0

Mahele: ʻAmelika Hema - ʻAmelika, Paraguay, hema Brasilia (nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o Parana a me Uruguay).
Hooulu: ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahawai wai nui, nā loko wai nui a me nā kua.

‘:Lelo: he elongated, kino i loko o nā ʻaoʻao. Aia kahi kālā adipose liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻoi hope loa ʻoi kālā ma mua o ka anal. ʻO nā lau nui.
ʻAno: ʻo ke kumu nui he kala me ka hepa ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka kua i hope he brown-olive. Fin, ʻokoʻa ka pectoral, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.

ʻO ka ʻula a luna loa. ʻŌpū ma ka ʻōpū. Holo i kahi ʻōiwi uliuli ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino; ma ke kumu o ka huʻu, e lilo i wahi ʻalani i ʻalani ia me nā ʻāpana kukui kūlike. Loaʻa nā poʻe kūʻokoʻa me nā pala caudal melemele.

ʻO ka nui: ma ka kūlohelohe, ulu ka tetra i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka 12 cm, ma nā hale kanu i loko o ia ʻāpana he 6-8 cm.
ʻO ke ola ola: 5-6 makahiki.

Akuarium: ʻike, pili paʻa i pani ʻia e ka uhi.
Nā ʻāpana: no kahi kāne āu e pono ai ka mea aku me ka nui o ka 20-30 lita a me ka lōʻihi o ka liʻiliʻi o 40 cm, no kahi ʻohana o ka iʻa 10-15 - 150-200 lita.

Wai: dH 8-20 °, pH 5-8, hoʻihoʻi, kānana, kahe kahe, wiki e hoʻololi i ka wai i 20%. Makemake ka tetra hoʻōla ʻia me ka wai i ka wai hou, a maʻemaʻe, a nānā ʻole i ka nele o ka oxygen.
ʻOhi: 20-26 ° C. Me nā hāʻule kūʻokoʻa i ka mahana, hiki i ka 12 ° C.

Mālamalama: luna, kūpono.
Hoʻolaha: poina poloka poloka.
Nā lāʻau: E hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau i ʻole a palupalu paha i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka aquarium (hornwort, cinnamon, painbitis, microzorium, Java moss).

Kau inoa holo pono-boulders, driftwood, aʻa a me nā mea hoʻoulu hou ʻana, ka manawa manu ʻole e pono ai no ka ʻauʻau.

Mea hānai: i ka nahele, hoʻopau ka tetragonopter i nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, nā aniani, nā mea kanu like ʻole a me ka detritus. In aquariums he omnivorous - lawe ia i ka mea kanu (scalded leaf of spinach, lettuce, dandelion, nettle), ola (bloodworms, daphnia, hipon), pōʻai, maloʻo a hui pū ʻia. ʻAi ʻia ka iʻa ʻōpio 2-3 mau manawa i ka lā. ʻO ka iʻa mai ka lalo o ka mea hānai e hoʻohālikelike e lawe.

ʻAno: nimble, iʻa i ke kula, pono e mālama ʻia i ka hui o nā kauhina ma lalo o 8-10. Ke neʻeneʻe mau nei ka tetra hoʻonaninani i ka mea hoʻonaninani i ka wā moana, i ka manawa makaʻu, ke peʻe nei ka iʻa ma waena o nā lau o nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻolimalima a paʻa ʻole paha, hoʻomaka nā fins e hao i nā hoa noho i loko o ka hale aku.

Pūkuhi: aloha. ʻIke pinepine ʻo Males i nā pilina i waena o lākou iho, me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻole i kekahi.
Wā wai: ka hapa waena a me lalo o ka wai.
E noho ana me: nā iʻa maluhia like ʻole (shell, loricaria a me nā iʻa ʻoniʻoki, tetra, rassbori, zebrafish, barbs).
ʻAʻole hiki ke kau ʻia me: nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a lohi, a me ka iʻa me nā pua lōʻihi (guppies, scalars, male).

Albino. Ma Astellar87 - ʻO ka hana iho, Public Domain

ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana: kāne peʻa paha spawning (1 wahine a 2 kāne male). Noho ʻia nā mea hana no 7-14 mau lā a ʻona nui i ka hānai ola. Ka elanated ka spawning (ma muli o ka nui o ka palaoa, ka nui o 100 lita a me ka lōʻihi o 80 cm a i ʻole e koi ʻia), ka hoʻoneʻe a me nā kānana (e hoʻohana ana i kahi kānana airlift filter), kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.

Pālā wai: dH 6-15 °, pH 6.5-7.8, T 26-28 ° C, pono ka wai i ka wai. Koho ʻia kahi pahu hoʻokaʻawale a me nā hua lāʻau o nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi i lalo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i ka pōkole i ke ahiahi, a i ke kakahiaka nui hoʻomaka ka wā, ʻoi aku ia he 2-4 mau hola. Ma hope o ke kaʻe ʻana, e hoʻololi i ka 50-80% o ka wai o ka like a me ke kūlike.

Hoʻolaha kūlike: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne; i ke kāne, ʻo ka dorsal a me nā anal fupu a lōʻihi loa.
Puberty: aia ma nā makahiki 5-8 mau mahina.
Ka helu o nā caviar: 1000 a keu aku nā hua liʻiliʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻohālikelike: 24-36 hola.

Palapala: pipi ʻaila no 3-4 mau lā. I ka māla hoʻomohala nui, pono kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi a me nā kānana maikaʻi.
Ke ulu nei: ke ulu kūwele nei, no laila, i pale aku ai i nā hihia no ka cannibalism, ʻokoʻa nā ʻanā i kēlā me kēia nui.

Pākuʻi ʻana i nā ʻōpū: starter feed - "live dust", rotifers, ciliates, a laila - nauplii o nā cyclops a brine shrimp.
Haʻalele mai nā mākua: ma hope o ka helehelena, kanu ʻia nā mea hana.

Hemigrammus - Hemigrammus

Noho lākou i nā awa o ke kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema. I Lūkia mai 1908-1910-hgg.

ʻAʻole palaka ka laina ʻalani. Aia kahi momona momona. Loaʻa i nā Aquariums kahiʻoi aku o nā ʻano he kanahā. E noʻonoʻo i ka mea maʻamau o lākou.

Tetragonopterus, a i ʻole tetra-roach (N. caudovittatus). ʻĀina - ʻo nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa o nā muliwai Parana a me Uruguay.

Lahi a hiki i 10cm. He haʻahaʻa ke kino, elongated, hoʻoili ʻia ma hope. Nui ka poʻo. Ua puni ka ʻōpū. Ua nui nā maka. ʻO ka ʻāʻī haʻahaʻa a nunui a ʻōhō aʻe paha i mua. ʻĀpana kik Dorsal kokoke i loko o kahi pālua; Nui ka pāpaʻi, a aia pū kekahi ma ke kumu o ka caudal fin.

Kulou tanele, me ka hiehoe metallic, ʻo ka ʻōpū ke kālā. ʻUlaʻula nā unuhi āpau koe wale nā ​​pectorals. ʻĀpana ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻo Iris ka maka. Aia nā albinos a he gula a i ke gula.

Pono ke aloha a me ka kānana. Māmā ka lepo, ʻoi aku nā palaʻai a ʻuʻuku a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe (nā ʻano lāʻau me nā lau palupalu i ka iʻa, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe makemake e nalowale iā ia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kanu).

Hoʻopau maikaʻi ka meaʻai, maloʻo a pono hoʻi i ka lau lau.

Hiki ʻo Tetragonopterus i ka uluʻana i ka moekolohe i 6 mau mahina. No ka hoʻouluulu, pono ʻoe i nā mea kanu me ka nui o 30-50 l no ka pālua ʻana, 200 l no ka hakilapa ʻana o nā hui.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka upena maʻa ma lalo (a i ʻole ka chlorine vinyl) ma lalo, e kahe ana, e kolo ka hua ma lalo a kū hoʻi (ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hana ke loaʻa iā lākou), kau nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka upena.

Iʻelua mau pule ma mua o ka hakilo, noho ʻia nā mea hana a hoʻopiha nui. ʻO ka lā ma mua, ua ninini ʻia ka waiū me ka wai wai - mahana 22-24 ° С, pH = 6.5-7.

Kōkua - a hiki i ka 1,500 hua manu. Ke wikiwiki nei ka spawning. Ma hope o kona hoʻopau ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia ka polika methylene i ka wai no ka caviar i waiho ʻia ʻole e emi ʻole a nalowale paha. Hoʻopau nā huaʻai i kahi lā, ma hope o nā lā he 4-6 hou lākou e hoʻomaka ai e ʻauʻau a hānai. ʻO ka mea hānai mua - rotifers, ciliates, ma kahi manawa pōkole - ke kālai ʻia hua hua kolo.

Noho i loko o nā mea kanu no 3-4 mau makahiki.

Pulcher, Peruvian, a humpbacked tetra (N. pulcher). ʻĀina - nā kānaka noho o Peru.

Lawa 4-5cm. Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kino, a hoʻoulu ʻia ma hope. Pahu, dorsal fin, unahi, maka nui, mau ʻōpū poʻokela i iho i mua. ʻAla waiho kala. ʻEleʻele ka kua ma mua o ka ʻōpū. He kino me ke kālā kala, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi. Ma ke kumu caudal, kahi uliuli ʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻulaʻula.

Aia ma luna ona he lei gula. Aia i ka laina liʻiliʻi he laina ʻulaʻula i ke poʻo, ma lalo iho nei (me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ʻeleʻele uliuli) ʻelua mau. Hoʻopau nā huina i ka pae o ka māhele thoracic. ʻO ka lalo o ke poʻo, ka aʻala a me ka ʻōpū ma nā wahi a uliuli a me uliuli. ʻAuala nā palahala ʻole i uku ʻia.

ʻUlaʻula ka maka o ka iris.

ʻO lākou, e like me tetragonopterus, akā, ʻo ka mahana o ka wai he 23-26 ° С. ʻO zooplankton kahi pāʻai punahele, akā pono ka lāʻau ʻai.

Pulchera - pua o ka iʻa aloha-aloha.

Loaʻa ka Puberty i nā lā 7-10 mahina. No ka liki, pono nā kīʻaha kai āpau a i ʻole plexiglass me ka nui o 6-10 lita. Palapala wai 26–28 ° С, paʻakikī 1 °, pH = 66.5.

Ma ka lalo o ka pua spawning, ua waiho ʻia kahi ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi, ma luna o ka lāʻau nalu. Pāwaha ka kukui, nāwaliwali. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hana; Akā, ʻo kā ke kāne ke hoʻololi ʻia inā ʻaʻole i kikoʻī.

Ke kapu - e pili ana i 600 mau huaʻā. Pahuau ka ulamā, lōʻihi ma kahi o 2 mau hola. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana, pale ʻia ka caviar.

Hoʻopau nā huaʻai ma hope o nā hola 14, ma hope o ke mau lā 3 mau a lākou e ʻauʻau ai a hānai. Hoʻomaka a mua - rotifers, ciliates.

Erythrosonus, graciliss, ahi tetra, a i ʻole ahi ahi tetra (H. erythrozonus). ʻĀina - nā kānaka noho o Guyana.

Lāʻau 4cm. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, haʻahaʻa, hoʻoili ʻia ma hope. Nui ke poʻo, nui ka maka. He liʻiliʻi nā māpala, ʻokoʻa. ʻOnoʻulaʻula, ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. Mai ke poʻo a hiki i ka hope o kahi huelo, he keʻokeʻo ulaula pōkole, he keʻokeʻo nā kihi o nā ʻāpana ʻole a me nā loina ʻano ventral. Kuhi ʻia ka maka iris ma luna a he uliuli na lalo. Aia makaʻu ke ʻano i ka papa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāne, ʻo nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā pua i nāhelehele.

Nā mea kanu i nā wai liʻiliʻi 30-60-lita, mahana 23-25 ​​° С. Kīhea ʻia ke kauwela pōkole e iho i ka G8 ° C ʻĀʻī 6-8 8, pH = 6.5-7. Peat wai. Pōʻeleʻele ka lepo, liʻiliʻi ka lāʻau a maloʻo. E hoʻohana i nā ʻōlima. E ola ana ka meaʻai (liʻiliʻi) a maloʻo.

Lākī i ke waena waena a i lalo lalo o ka wai.

Ma muli o 6 mau mahina ka iʻa. No ka hoʻoulu ʻana pono ʻoe i nā mea kanu me ka nui o 10 lita o ka plexiglass a me nā aniani āpau. Ma ka lalo e waiho i kahi moʻo maikaʻi. Ma luna o ia - he hui kīʻaha a i ʻole hygrophilous. Pāʻai wai, mahana 24-26 ° С, paʻakikī 4-6 °, pH = 6.6–6.8. ʻIlihua ka kukui.

Mālama lua. No nā hola 2-3, kuʻi ka wahine i nā hua he 500. Hoʻopau nā huaʻa nui ma hope o 24-30 mau hola. Ma hope o nā lā 5-6, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau a ʻai.

He ciliates a me nā rotifers ka meaʻai mua ma hope, ma hope - artemia nauplii.

E ulu wikiwiki a wikiwiki. Hoʻohana hou ʻia ka wai ma hope o ka pīpī mua.

ʻO nā huaʻai maluhia ʻo Erythrosonus. ʻO ke ola he ola i nā makahiki he 3 mau makahiki.

ʻIli uila, a i ʻole tetra-flashlight (H. ocellifer).Anokuʻāina - Amazon.

Lawa 4-5cm. Ua like ia me tetragonopterus ma ke ʻano kino. Akā ʻoi aku ka lāʻau caudal i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

He hina hina ke kala nui, ʻāpana ka ʻōpū. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ma ke kolu o ke kino ke kū nei i kahi kaula pouri, i kū ʻia ma ke kumu o ka caudal fin me kahi kiko kū. Ma ke kikowaena aia kahi wahi ʻeleʻele, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e kau ana nā wahi keʻokeʻo.

Aia ma luna, ma ka hope o ka caudal peduncle, aia kahi kihi lahilele kahi - keʻokeʻo-gula i mua a me ka ʻulaʻula i hope. Aia nā wahi Paler o ia ʻano like ma hope o nā uhi o ka gill a ma luna o nā maka. ʻO keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nā uku ʻole i uku ʻia. ʻAlū ʻihi ʻĀris mata. I ka manawa spawning, ʻike ʻia ke kāne ma luna o ka pulu anal me ke kāla. AT.

ma o ke kukui ana, ʻike piha ʻia ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i loko ona, hapa i nā wahine.

Kūlike e like me tetragonopterus. Akā ʻo ka mahana o ka wai ma 23—27 ° С, ʻo ka paakū he 15 °, a me ka pH = 6.5-7. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hapahā o ka nui o ka wai i kēlā me kēia pule.

Loaʻa ka Puberty i 8 mahina. No ka hoʻouluulu, pono ʻoe i nā ʻāpana me ka lalo o 900-11400 sq. Cm a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pahu wai o 15-20 cm. Huhu 25–28 ° С, paʻakikī mai 2 a 15 °, pH = 6.2. ʻO nā substrate nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi-kepaʻa ma ke kihi o ka spawning a me ka 2-3 lāʻau pua saggitariya ma ke kikowaena.

Hōʻeu a pili paha i kahi hui (hoʻokahi wahine a ʻelua mau kāne) i mau manawa 2-3 mau hola. Fertility - ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 o nā hua. Hoʻopau nā huaʻa nui ma hope o 24-30 mau hola. Ma hope o nā lā ʻehā, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau a ʻai. Hoʻomaka a mua - ciliates, rotifers.

ʻO nā iʻa maluhia. Hāpai ka ola i ke 6 makahiki.

Rhodostomus, a i ʻole tetra red-nosed (H. rhodostomus). Homeland - Amazon Delta.

Kūleʻa a hiki i 6cm. Hoʻopili ke kino, i ke ʻano like me ke kino erythrosonus. ʻO ke kala kala laulā he kālā me ka hue-violet hue. ʻĀwili, nā maka, ma luna o ke poʻo ʻulaʻula ulaula.

Mai ka uhi ʻana gill, e hele ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka waena ma waena o ke kino, ka ʻalupū a nalowale ana ma ka pae o ka hope o nā luna pectoral.

I ka pau ʻana o ka caudal peduncle aia kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i nā kihi o kēlā me ʻehā mau wahi ʻeleʻele i ka lō waiū: ʻelua liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana o mua, a nui nā hua palapala e pili ana i ka lehele caudal.

Loaʻa ka Puberty i 8-10 mau mahina. Ke kapu - a hiki i ka 250 huaʻai.

ʻO ka iʻa aloha-maluhia. E ola mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki.

Marginatus, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole pied-tailed, tetra (H. marginatus). Koho ʻāina - nā wahi noho o ʻAmelika Hema mai Venezuela a Argentina.

Lahi a hiki i 8cm. Ke kino kino, e like me ka tetra uila. He hina hina-kala ke kala, me he lei kālā. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ākea he kaula gula ākea. Hōʻalo ʻia nā ipala. Ma ke kumu o ka pau caudal a ma waenakonu o laila aia nā wahi ʻeleʻele. Hili ʻia ʻo Gill i ka lei gula. Ma ka lae huelo, he ʻōuli gula ma luna.

Ke kapu - a hiki i ka 400 hua. Ke kūlohelohe nei ka pōpō i ke kakahiaka, i ke kakahiaka o ke kakahiaka nui.

ʻAi ikaika nā mea hana. I ka hoʻopakele ʻana, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea ʻelua ma hope o ka kiko.

Costello, green tetra, a ʻona neon paha (N. hyanyary). ʻĀina - nā kānaka noho o Brazil.

Kūleʻa a hiki i 4cm. Kūpono ka kino o ke kino, elongated, ma ke ʻano o ka iʻa e like me kahi erythrosone. ʻO ka poli kala nui kahi kalaʻula-kālā. He kua polū ke kua, ma ke kikowaena o ke kino e hohola i kahi kaula māloʻala.

Ma hope o ka momona momona ma ka caudal peduncle aia kahi wahi i ʻulaʻula ulaula, aia ma kahi ʻeleʻele ia, e kahe ana i ka waena o ka caudal fin a puni i nā ʻōpū waiū. Nā uhi ʻulaʻula ma nā uhi gill. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo nā palena o nā unina ʻole i uku ʻia.

ʻĀmaʻomaʻo ka lā o Iris. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

Ke kapu - a hiki i ka 250 huaʻai. Hoʻopau nā hua pālima ma hope o nā lā 1.5-2 ma hope o 4-6 a hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau a hānai. Hoʻomaka a mua - ciliates, rotifers. ʻO kahi liʻiliʻi ma hope - nā artemica nauplii.

ʻOi iki ka maʻamau, ma lalo o nā kūlana like, mālama a mālama lākou i ka ʻekolu-laina, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ʻoniʻoni, ʻoniʻoni, ʻoniʻoni ulaula, Scholz chemigrams, red-dot, slim, etc.