Deer of David or Milu - e pili ana i kekahi holoholona kū hoʻokahi, aia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka World Red Book ma ke ʻano he mea pau ʻole. Ua manao ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona luhika loa ma ka lewa, ʻoiai ua pau loa ia i loko o ka nahele, a mālama ʻia ka lehulehu i nā kānaka wale nō i loko o kahi holoholona.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu hoihoi. ʻO ia, i loko o kekahi holoholona, ua like nā mea like ʻole kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka wahine Kina, kahi i hele mai ai nā mea ʻōiwi, ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mau hālei e like me ka bipi, ʻāʻī o ka lio, nā a me nā huelo o kahi hoki. ʻO kekahi o nā inoa Kina - "sy-pu-xiang", ma ka unuhi ʻana e like me "ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻole".
He holoholona nui ʻo Davidov deer ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona paona ua loaʻa i ʻelua haneli kilokilo i nā kāne, liʻiliʻi nā wahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma ka maloʻo, hoʻokahi ia a me ka iwakālua mau kenimita, a ʻo ka lōʻihi mai kahi a i ka hapalua a ʻelua mau mika. Kau ma kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi elongated poʻo i loaʻa i nā pepeiao. He hapalua mika ʻo ka hāpoki me kahi hoki, e like me ka hoki. ʻO ka laulā he ākea me ka calcaneus lōʻihi a me nā hooves lōʻihi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka holoholona i ka lauoho a me ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka pihi a pau mai ka huʻu a i ke poʻo, he mane o ka lauoho. He mau mane liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo Males a ma mua o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka lauoho hina keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula i ka manawa mahana, a ma ke kau hoʻoilo ua lilo ia i ka hina me ka pale ʻeleʻele ma o ke kaila holoʻokoʻa, a lilo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻonui i ka lauoho, he mau lauoho ka lauoho i waho e kū mau ana ka makahiki.
O na mea haaheo o na kahe a Davida. Nui lākou, hiki ke piʻi i nā kenekulia ʻewalu. ʻEhā lākou mau kaʻina i alakaʻi i hope (no ka nānā i mua i nā puʻima hina) a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa ma ʻeono mau māhele. Loaʻa wale nā kāne. Kūkulu lākou iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba. Ma kahi o ka mea kahiko, hoʻomaka nā ʻōnaehana hou, kahi a Mei e lilo i mau pepeiaohao i piha ʻia.
I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā mākou, he holoholona me kēlā ʻano like ʻole hiki ʻole ke nele i ke kanaka e hoʻomaka i ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka wā ua ʻānai loa ʻia ia mea kuahiwi, a ke ʻano ikaika nei kēia manawa i kāna hana hou ʻana.
ʻO kaʻikepili pili hanana
He kahu holoholona o David kekahi holoholona i pau loa i ke kuahiwi i nā kenekulia mau makahiki i hala. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi poʻe akamai i kēia hana i ka kenekulia II II, ʻo kekahi poʻe - ma ka XIV, i loko o ke au o ka aliʻi Ming. Noho nā holoholona ma nā māulāʻau kai o Central a me Central China. ʻO ke kumu o ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻano nui, ʻo ke kumulima ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻomalu pono, a i ʻole paʻa ka hopu ʻana, a na ka deforestation i alakaʻi i ka lele o ka holoholona a me ko lākou make.
ʻO ka mea mua e hoʻōla i ka helehelena, ʻo ka Emepela Kina ka mea i pale i ka holoholona i nā kānaka a pau wale nō kāna ʻohana a ʻohi i kahi hipa liʻiliʻi ma Nanyang Imperial Park, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka pā nui. Hele wale ka ʻeleʻele i ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 19, i ka manawa i hōʻea ai ke kanaka ʻepekema Farani a me Jeanny Pierre Arman David i Kina. Ua mahalo ʻia i kāna mau ho'āʻo a me nā hana āna i hāʻawi ai ka mōʻīwela i ka hāʻawi aku i kekahi mau anue i waho o ka ʻāina. Ua ulu nā holoholona ma ʻEnelani, ʻoiai he mau hoʻāʻo e hoʻohua iā lākou i Farani a me Kelemania, ʻaʻole naʻe i kūleʻa i lākou. Ua loaʻa iā Deer kona inoa ma ka hoʻohanohano o ke kanaka nāna lākou i lawe iā lākou i Europa. Ua mahalo ia i kana hooikaika ana ke ola ia o na ike mai ka nalo loa ana mai ka ili aku o ka honua, mai ka manawa mai, ua hili ke kuaunaele ma o Kina, i ka manawa i piha ai ka muliwai Kunua i na pan ona a panina na aina puniana, ka paka i maluhia ai ka maka, ua hiolo ka pa a ua make kekahi mau holoholona, ua moku aku kekahi hapa, a ua makeia e ka poe kiai. A me nā helu liʻiliʻi i hoʻopakele ʻia, i ka makahiki 1900, ua pepehi ʻia nā kipi. No laila, nalowale ka hanana mōʻaukala i nā luna o kēia ʻano.
I kēia mau lā, loaʻa nā kākela o David i nā nui o ka honua ma ka honua, aia he mau haneli mau holoholona i ka nui. A i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 20, ua lawe ʻia ka mākaʻi o David i kona ʻāina hānau, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā kānaka o ka honua Dafin Milu e hoʻonui mau ai kona lehulehu. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema o ka honua a puni, e haʻalele nā holoholona i ka 'pale EW o ka World Red Book, a noho ma ka nahele. I kēia lā, ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kēia kuhikuhi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā holoholona holoholona
ʻO ka keka o David he ʻohana holoholona e noho ana i nā hui, pūlū maikaʻi. Hiki i ka wai ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa. Mālama wale ia i nā mea kanu mea kanu.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā hana, hoʻokaʻawale nā kāne i ka pipi a hoʻomaka i ka hakakā ʻana me lākou iho no nā wahine. ʻAʻole wale ka kaua hihiu, akā, me nā niho hoʻi a me nā wāwae mua. Ke koho nei i kekahi mau wahine, pale ke kāʻei iā lākou i ka wā hoʻoulu, hōʻole i ka meaʻai, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kaumaha a nawaliwali loa, akā hoʻi wikiwiki hou. ʻIke ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e lawaiʻa ana e ka puʻu haʻahaʻa nui. Hoʻomaka ia i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ma ka waena o Iune a me Iulai. Noho ʻo ka wahine ma mua o ʻeiwa mau mahina. Hānau ʻia kahi pēpē me ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o ka ʻumikumamākolu kilograms, me kahi kala ʻona, e loli ana ke ulu nui o ka ʻelele. Hele ka Puberty i ke kolu o ka makahiki. ʻO ka awelika, ke ola nei ʻo David i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamāwalu mau makahiki. Ma loko o kona ola ʻana, hiki i ka wahine ke hānai aku ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe o ʻekolu mau kūmole, no laila ua lohi loa ka hānai o kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻano mea i hopohopo ʻia o ka artiodactyl - ʻĀpana David ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā zoologists, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hui honua e mālama ia. No ke aha i nalowale ʻole ai nā holoholona, he aha nā hanana i hala ma mua? He aha ke ʻano o ka deer aia, i hea ʻo ia e noho ai, he aha nā hiʻohiʻona? Pane a me nā kiʻi ma ka ʻatikala.
He aha ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka artiodactyl loaʻa
Ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o kona ola ʻana, ua pālua ʻo David i ka piha o ke kanalua. Pehea i hana ai ia mea? I ka wā mua o ko mākou wā, "ʻākoakoa maila nā kānaka" me kahi holoholona hihiu me nā pepeiaohao puhi ʻoki. Akā ʻo ka "kamaʻilio" ke ʻimi nei i ka makera i mea e loaʻa ai ka ʻiʻo i ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻili a me nā pū. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka wikiwiki i loko o Kina kikinena, ʻo ka hopu ʻole ʻana i alakaʻi ʻole i ke kua pau ʻana i nā holoholona luhua. Mahalo i ka luna Kina i ka makahiki 2 o AD ua mālama ʻia kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi o nā mea hou. ʻAno ʻia lākou a noho ma ka Mālama ʻana ʻo Imperial Hunting.
Hoʻolohe ʻO Deer, nā nūnū o nā ululāʻau Kina i nā mea ʻokoʻa no ko lākou hiki ke ʻauamo, ʻaʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe. No laila, he wahi hōʻoluʻolu kahi mau māka e noho.
E ʻae ʻia i nā mō'ī aliʻi i nā kui nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. I ke kuauhau o ka 19 kenekulia Ua hiki i ka diploma Farani Jean Pierre Arman David ke kāhea aku i ka emepera Kina e kiʻi i kekahi mau kanaka i ʻEulopa. Loaʻa ʻo ia he ʻano ʻike kēia ʻepekema. I ʻEnelani, ʻo artiodactyls kaulana, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka inoa o ka mea nāna i ʻike, e hoʻomōhala. A ʻo ka mākaina imperial China, i ke kaumaha, ua lilo ia nei ke kahua o ka make maʻa. ʻO ka luku nui ʻana o ka muliwai Kīwī i luku i nā paia o ka māka a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka nahele. Aneane pau nā holoholona a pau, a ʻo ka poʻe i pakele a pakele i ka wā o ka hōʻāha ʻana i ka Kina i ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki iwakālua. Nā holoholona ola i mālama ʻia i ka lilo i ko lākou home home me ka hoʻōla ola ma ʻEulopa.
ʻAʻole mālama i ka Kaua Honua Honua. Ma kahi o 40 mau kanaka i noho - ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻi i ka manu i nā wao kūkaʻa o Kina. Ua lilo ka wahi o ka make i kahi noho hou. No nā "ʻĀkau a David's" hana i nā mālama, kahi e pili ana i 1 tausani nā ʻelele o nā ʻano i kēia manawa e noho nei.
Nā hiʻohiʻona, nā home, nā noho
Hāʻawi ka Chinese Observational i ka diole me kahi inoa ʻEulopa a me kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe "" Xi Lu Xiang "," ʻaʻole e like me ʻehā "ʻO wai ʻo ia? ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō i kūʻili i waho nā kaila i kona helehelena i nā hōʻailona o kekahi mau holoholona.
- kahakaha e like me ka bipi
- ua like like ka ʻāʻī me ke kāmelo
- ʻaʻa pū
- moʻo o ka hoki.
"ʻAe like ʻole." ʻO ka artiodactyl ke kala kala-palani i ke kauwela, hina i ka hoʻoilo. Ke ulu ma ka maloʻo 140 cm, lōʻihi a hiki i 2 m me ke kaumaha o 200 kg. He liʻiliʻi ko ke poʻo, ua liʻiliʻi iki ka maka, ua poʻo nā maka, ua likeʻehā paha nā pepeiao - ʻili. "Aia i ka" ola "hiki i ka nui o ke aliʻi - e hoʻohanohano ka" lei "nani a hiki i ka 90 cm.
Hoʻolohe ʻO ka ʻāpana o David ka mea nona nā pepeiaohao ʻokoʻa a nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hiki i ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa ke kūloko, pae i 6 mau aʻoaʻo. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei nā lālā "kumu".
I kēia manawa, ola wale ʻo "Si Lu Xiang" i loko o nā kūlana o nā zoza a mālama ʻia i nā mālama o Kina a me ʻEulopa. E holo ana ka holoholona me ka leʻaleʻa. Hele i ka wai "i nā poʻohiwi" a hiki iā ia ke noho i kēia kūlana no ka manawa lōʻihi. Noho ʻo Deer i nā pipi, ʻo ke kāne, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he "harem" o nā wahine. Ua lanakila kekahi holoholona hoʻokiʻekiʻe i kāna mau mea i koho ʻia i ka wā o nā hakakā huhū me nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka wā o ka pāʻani ʻana. I ka wā hakakā, hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeiao, nā wāwae mua a me nā niho hoʻi.
ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi nani o nā holoholona pepeiaohao, ʻoiaiʻo ka mea e hoʻopakele ʻia mai ka hoʻopau ʻana. Malia paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu i nā holoholona i ko lākou ʻano pilikino - nā holoholona hihiu.
Rare deer: wikiō
Piʻi ʻia ke kino, kiʻekiʻe ke wāwae, elongated a ʻāwīwī ke poʻo, a pōkole ke ʻāʻī. Kuhi ʻia nā pepeiao, pōkole
ʻAʻohe lau o ka hulu ma ke kihi o ka muzzle. He lōʻihi ka huʻu, me nā lauoho elongated ma kona kihi.
Kahi ka ʻōmole o kā David. I ka lōʻihi, hiki i kēia mau holoholona i 150-215 kenimika, a ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 140 kenimika. Na ke kauka o David ke kaupaona 150-200 kilokilo.
Ulu ka nahele i ka lōʻihi o 87 centimeters. He ʻano koʻikoʻi loa lākou, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i like ke ʻano: ʻo nā hua o ke ʻōpala nui ke nānā aku, a ʻo ke kumu haʻahaʻa loa loa a hiki ke lilo, he manawa a hiki i ka 6 mauʻu.
Ke kauwela, ke kala kala o ke kua o kahi o kā Dāne maʻa-ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ke alo o ka ventral he māmā i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻula.
Ma kahi o ka huelo he liʻiliʻi ka "aniani". I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ke kala i ka hina-brown. He ʻulaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻōpiopio ka mea ʻōpio me nā wahi keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula.
Mea e ʻike ʻia nā david. He kanaka make ke kanaka ʻo David akā ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Nā ʻano kikoʻī ma ke ʻano
Aneane ka keʻa o David ma kahi e pau ai i kēia wā, ke ola nei ia wale nō i ke pio ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona ma hope o ka mea noiʻi-zoologist Arman David, nāna i nānā i ke koena hope i ka poʻe Kina, a ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka nohona ma kahi kūlana e mālama ai i kēia lahui, ʻo ia ka inoa o Milu.
He aha ka manaʻo o ka inoa Si-pu-xiang?
Ka poʻe Kina i kēia mākaʻenehana "Si-pu-hsiang," ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻaʻole ia ma ka ʻehā." Ua kapa ʻia kēia inoa ʻē o ke ʻano o ke kāʻei o David. ʻO ke ʻano o ka deer like nō me ke ʻano like o ka bipi, ʻaʻole ia he bipi, he ʻāʻī e like me ke kāmelo, ʻaʻole ke kāmelo, ʻaʻole kahe, ʻo ka huelo o ka hoki, ʻaʻole ia he hoki.
Kūpono ka poʻo o ka holoholona me ka pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me nā maka nunui. Kūpono i waena o ka nahelehele, aia nā ʻōiwi i nā pū me ka ulana nui o ka ʻāpana anterior i kikoo i ka ʻaoʻao. I ke kauwela, ua ulaula kona kala, i ka hoʻoilo - hina, aia kahi paku liʻiliʻi, a ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi ʻāpana pōkole ʻeleʻele. Inā ʻike ʻia nā mākēkē o nā pūlani me nā pōpoki pale, a ma mua o kā mākou alo he ʻōpio ʻōpio o David (kiʻi ma lalo). Ke neʻe mua nei lākou.
Ke ʻano ola ʻo David
Noho ʻo ka ʻelele ʻo David ma nā wahi pāpū o Central a me Northern China. I ke waenakonu o ko XIX kenekulia, mālama ʻia kā ka ʻohana a David i loko o ka māla pale imperial. Ma laila ʻo ka ʻimi i loaʻa ai i ka makahiki 1865 e kekahi misionari mai Farani, David. Hoʻouna akula ʻo ia i hoʻokahi kanaka i ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1869, a i kēia lā, aia ka nui o kēia poʻe he 450 ma kahi o nā kī nui honua āpau.
A i Kina hoʻi, ua luku ʻia kahi mea hope loa a David ma 1920 i ka wā kipi. I ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻohui hou ʻia ka ʻelele i ko lākou ʻāina.
ʻAʻole maopopo i ke kāʻei o David i nā vivo. ʻO ka hapa paha, ʻo kēia mau holoholona i noho ma ke kahawai o nā ʻōpala. ʻO kaʻai ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i nā mea kanu laumikini marshy.
Noho ka ʻelele ʻo David i nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO ka wā ulu i ka mahina o Iune-Iulai. Noho ka wahine i kahi e 250 mau lā. Ma ʻApelila-Mei, hānau ʻia ʻoʻO 1-2. Aia ko ka wā maʻi a 27 mau mahina a hiki i nā hihia lohi, hiki iā lākou ke pākahi i 15 mau mahina.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka makena David
He 180-190 cm ka nui o ke kino, ʻo 120 cm ka lōʻihi o ke poʻohiwi, he 50 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, a he 50 cm.
He holoholona nā holoholona, ʻo ke ʻano he chordates, ʻo ka papa he mamalia, ke kauoha he artiodactyls, ʻo nā suborder he ruminants, ka ʻohana ka dier, ka genus ka ʻelele o David.
E pili pono ana kēia mau ʻohana i kahi wehewehe:
Hōʻulu Mīkini (Muntiacus muntjak),
Kākoʻo Peruvian (Andean deer antisensis),
ʻAno hānau
No ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka hana a David i ka hihiu, nānā ka nānā ʻana i kāna ʻano hana a ke mālama ʻia nei. He ʻano kanaka kēia a make i nā holoholona nui, me ka hoʻole ʻole ʻia o nā manawa ma mua a ma hope o ka wā hoʻoulu. I kēia manawa, haʻalele nā kāne i ka pipi e momona a hoʻoikaika i ka ikaika. Hoʻokā manuahi kāne ʻelele me nā ʻenemi no ka hui o nā wahine me nā pūlima, nā niho a me nā forelegs. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻole nā wahine i ka hoʻokūkū no ka nānā ʻana o nā kāne; He lanakila nui ka poʻe kūleʻa kūloko a ʻo ke ʻano ʻo nā kāne nui loa.
Ma ka hānai ʻana i nā kāne, ʻaʻole pono nā kāne e hānai, no ka mea, hoʻolaʻa ka nānā āpau i ka mālama ʻana i ka mana o nā wahine. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wahine a hoʻomaka nā kāne nui e ʻai hou a ʻai hou i ka paona. Ma kahi mau lā e noho ai ka pua he 160 nā lā ma mua o Iune a me Iulai. Ma hope o kahi manawa gestation o 288 mau lā, hānau nā wahine i ke keiki hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha. Kaupaona nā momona o 11 mauʻu i ka wā hānau, oki ka hānai i ka waiū makuahine i 10-11 mahina. Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā puberty ma hope o ʻelua makahiki, a me nā kāne i ka makahiki mua. E ola a makua ka 18 makahiki.
Ka hoʻohou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka David deer
He ʻike hoʻohālike ka mōʻaukala o kēia holoholona no ka mea nui o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i ka pio ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano līlū. Ua hooneʻe ʻia ka manuahi a David ma ko lākou ʻāina, no ka mea, ua pau loa kēia mau holoholona inā ʻaʻole i hoʻonele ʻia kekahi mau holoholona i loko o nā holoholona like ʻole i Europa.
Hoʻokahi wale nō mea hoʻomaka mea e hōʻiliʻili i nā heihei a Dāvida a hui pū ai i kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Ua kōkua kēia mea e hoʻopakele i ka ʻohana mai ka hoʻopau piha ʻana.
ʻAʻole i hoʻopale ʻia ka manu a David, akā ma ka manawa like ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia lākou he mau holoholona hihiu. I ka wā kahiko, noho ka kaila o David ma ke kula alluvial nui ma Kina.
Ua noho kū ka poʻe kūlohelohe mai 1766 - 1122. BC, ka noho aupuni o ko Shang. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻōho i nā pāpū kahi i noho ai ka poʻe kahu, no laila ua hala lākou. No aneane 3,000 mau makahiki, i mālama ʻia ka nera ma nā paka. I ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka huaau e ka ʻepekema, hoʻokahi wale nō mau pua i ola ma ka Imperial Hunting Park ma ke kūkulu hema o Beijing. I ka makahiki 1865, ua hiki i ka poʻe maoli kanaka Farani Armand David ke ʻike i ka kākela ma o ka pā o ka māka, kahi hiki ʻole i ka poʻe ʻEulopa ke hele. No laila ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau holoholona.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua kiʻi ʻo David i ka ʻili o kēia mau holoholona a hoʻouna iā lākou i Pale, kahi i wehewehe ai ʻo Mil-Edwards iā lākou. Ma hope mai, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau ola ola e holo i ʻEulopa, a noho kā lākou keiki i kekahi mau ʻōhua.
I ka makahiki 1894, ua hoʻopuehu ka muliwai Kunʻe, i hoʻokaʻawale i ka pā pōhaku a puni ke kahua ʻo Imperial Park, a ʻo nā holoholona i hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni. Nui nā mea make i pepehi ʻia e ka ʻīlani ʻoliʻoli. He helu liʻiliʻi wale nō ke ola o ke kanaka, akā i ka 1900 ua luku ʻia lākou i ka wā e kū hou ana ka pahu. He mau ʻelewa wale nō ia i lawe ʻia ma Beijing. I ka makahiki 1911, ʻelua wale nō kā David Deer i ola ma Kina, a ma hope o 10 mau makahiki, ua make ʻelua o lāua ʻelua.
Hoʻoikaika
Makemake nā Males e "hoʻonani" i kā lākou mau pepeia me nā mea kanu, ke hoʻopili nei iā lākou i nā lāʻau a me nā mea ʻala ʻaʻa. No ka hoʻoilo i Dekemaba a Ianuari, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pū. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ke kani pinepine nei ke kāʻei o David i nā leo kaniū.
ʻAi ʻo ia i ka mauʻu, nāʻu, nā lāʻau a me nā algae.
No ka mea ʻaʻohe ala e ʻike i kēia kaʻi ʻana i loko o ka nahelehele, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻenemi o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kahi leopadi paha, he tiger.
Hoʻaiho
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka wā ʻo Pleistocene wahi ma kahi kokoke i Manchuria. Hoʻololi ke ʻano i ka wā o ka Holocene, e like me ke koena o ka holoholona i ʻike ʻia (manuʻa David).
ʻAu i noho ai kēia ʻano? A manaʻo ʻia kēia wahi noho i wahi i nā wahi me nā wahi i uhi ʻia i nā kahe. ʻAʻole like me ka hānalo, hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi a hele i ka wai no ka lōʻihi.
Mai ka noho ʻana o ka nahele ma nā ʻāina māmā, ua maʻalahi lākou i mau mea hopu, a ma ka kenekulia 19, ua emi koke ko lākou poʻe. I kēia manawa, neʻe ka emepera o Kina i kahi kahu nui i kāna "Royal Hunt Park", kahi i ulu ai ka hoki. Ua hoʻopuni ʻia kēia māla e ka pa he 70 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole pale ʻia ke nānā aku ma lalo o ka ʻeha o ka make. Eia naʻe, ua hopu ʻo Armand David, he misionari Farani i hoʻoweliweli i kona ola, ʻike i ka ʻano ʻehā a pīhoihoi lākou i kēia mau holoholona. Ua ʻae ʻo David i ka emepera e hāʻawi i nā ʻelele nui e hoʻouna ʻia ai i Europa.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, hiki i ka Mei 1865, ka pōʻino o ka make, a pepehi lākou i ka nui o ka nui o ka puʻuwai o David. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻehā elima mau kānaka i koe ma ka kīhāpai, akā ma muli o ka haunaele, ua lawe ka Kine i ka māka ma ke ʻano he pale pale a ʻai i ka kāʻei hope. Ia manawa ma ʻEulopa, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēia mau holoholona i ka poʻe he kanaiwa kumamālua, akā ma ka manawa o ke Kaua Honua II, ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻai, ua hōʻe hou nā kānaka i kanalima. Ua pakele nui ka pōmaikaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana iā Bedford a me kāna keiki ʻo Hastings, ma hope aʻe o ka lā 12 o ke Duke o Bedford.
ʻO ke ahonui i kekahi kanaka hoʻopakele i ka heluna kanaka maʻa
Ua hōʻeuʻeu kēia mau hanana i ka manaʻo o ka Duke o Bedford e hana i kahi hipa ma Wuberna, a no kēia pono e hoʻopili i nā holoholona āpau mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe like ʻole o ʻEulopa. I nā makahiki 1900-1901 ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i 16 mau kanaka. Hoʻomaka ka hana holoholona hipa, a ma ka 1922 ua loaʻa he 64 o ia mau mea i loko o ia.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau: Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards. He ʻano David Deer ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Palani.
Mea i ke kiaʻi
ʻO ka wahi i hānau ʻia ai kēia mau holoholona a nā China, kahi i hana ai lākou i nā mālama kūlohelohe kahi i mālama ʻia ai ma kahi o 1000 mau kanaka.
Ua lilo ka Dafeng Nature Reserve i ko ka hale o David. ʻO ka nui loa o kāna ʻano ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, aia ma laila ka nui o ka nui o Milu.
Hoʻopili ʻo Dafeng National Nature Reserve i kahi he 78,000 mau eka; ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1986 ma kahakai hikina.
ʻO nā ʻano mea i hopohopo ʻia o ka artiodactyl - ʻĀpana David ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā zoologists, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hui honua e mālama ia. No ke aha i nalowale ʻole ai nā holoholona, he aha nā hanana i hala ma mua? He aha ke ʻano o ka deer aia, i hea ʻo ia e noho ai, he aha nā hiʻohiʻona? Pane a me nā kiʻi ma ka ʻatikala.
ʻO ka moʻolelo
I ʻEulopa, ua ʻike mua kēia mau lālā i ka waena o nā kenekulia 19 a mahalo aku i ke kahuna pule Farani, misionari a me naturalist Armand David, i ka huakaʻi hele ʻana i Kina a ʻike i kēia lālani i kahi kīwī paʻa a mālama pono iā ia. I kēlā manawa, i ka make ma ka wao nahele, ua make ka mea i make, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ia, ma muli o ka hopu like ʻole mai i ka wā o ka Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). I ka makahiki 1869, ua hōʻike aku ʻo Emperor Tongzhi i kekahi mau kanaka holoʻāina o Farani, Kelemānia a me Pelekane Nui. Ma Palani a me Kelemania, make koke ka ʻelele, a ma UK ua ola ʻia lākou i ka mahalo i ka 11th Duke o Bedford, nāna lākou i mālama iā lākou i kona ʻāina. ʻO Woburn (eng. Woburn waiwai ) I kēlā manawa aia, ʻelua mau hanana i hana ʻia ma Kina iho, ma muli o ka make o ke koena o ka imperial make. I ka makahiki 1895, hele mai kahi wai mai ka hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma ka muliwai Kunikani, a pakele nā holoholona weliweli i loko o kahi kahe o ka paia a laila, a laila nalo i ka wai a i ʻole ua luku ʻia e ka poʻe mahiʻai i waiho ʻole ʻia o nā hua. Ua make nā holoholona e koena nei i ka wā e hoʻokele ana ai ka Boxer i ka 1900. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka waie a David mai 16 mau poʻe i koe ma UK, a ʻo lākou e hoʻomaka i ka hua liʻiliʻi i nā ʻano ʻoi i nā honua ma ka honua nei, e hoʻomaka ana, i ka makahiki 1964, ma zoos ma Moscow a me St. Petersburg. I ka makahiki 1930, ua loaʻa paha ka heluna o nā ʻano i kēia mau kānaka he 180, a i kēia manawa ua nui nā haneli mau holoholona. I Nowemapa 1985, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hui o nā holoholona ma Dafin Milu Nature Reserve. Dafeng milu Reserve ) kokoke i Beijing, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai lākou i noho ai.
ʻO wai ʻo Arman David, nona ka inoa o nā kaera mai Kina i kapa ʻia: koa pūʻali, misionari, diploma, cartographer?
'O wai' o Arman David, ma muli o wai ka inoa o ka 'īa mai Kina? I kēia lā ua mau ʻoluʻolu mākou i ka Pōʻaono, Malaki 14, 2020, ma ka First Channel e loaʻa nei kahi hōʻike quiz "ʻO wai makemake e lilo i miliona miliona?" I loko o ka studio aia nā mea pāʻani a hānai iā Dmitry Dibrov.
Ma kēiaʻatikala e noʻonoʻo mākou i kekahi o nā mea hoihoi a paʻakikī i ka pāʻani o kēia lā. Kūkākūkā maʻamau, maʻamau, me ka loiloi piha o ka pāʻani kīwī "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" Ua mākaukau ʻia ʻo ia no ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma ka pūnaewele Sprint-pane. nā pane no 03/14/20. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i loko o ia mea inā ua lanakila nā mea pāʻani i kēia lā, a haʻalele paha i ka studio me nā mea ʻole. I kēia manawa, e neʻe i ka nīnau kūʻokoʻa o ka pāʻani a me ka pane i ka.
'O wai' o Arman David, ma muli o wai ka inoa o ka 'īa mai Kina?
He manu ʻoi aku nā ʻano koa ʻo Deer David, ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa i ke pio ʻana, kahi e haki wikiwiki ai nā ʻano kīwaha i ka honua a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i kahi mālama ma Kina. Hōʻike ka Zoologists i kēia manawa i noho i kēia mau holoholona ma nā wahi kahaka ma ka ʻākau kahiki o Kina.
Ua hele mai ka misionari Farani Arman David i Kina e pili ana i nā pilikia diploma a ua hālāwai mua ʻo ia me ka keka o David (ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ma hope iho). Ma hope wale nō o nā makahiki he nui o ka launa ʻana ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo ia i ka emepera e hāʻawi ʻae aku no ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā kānaka i ʻEulopa, akā ʻo Palani a me Kelemania nā holoholona make koke. Akā ua hana nui lākou i ka moʻomeheu Pelekane, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hana nui e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka lehulehu.
- pūʻali koa
- misionari
- diploma
- kaomi ʻalani
Arman David (Kepakemapa 7, 1826, Espelet (kokoke iā Bayonne) - Nowemapa 10, 1900, Paleka) - ka misionari Farani Lazar, a me ka zoologist a me ka botanist.
ʻO ka hapa nui o kona ola ua hana ma Kina. Best maikaʻi ʻo ka mea ʻike (no ka ʻepekema ʻepekema) o ka panda nui a me ka deer David. Ua haʻi ʻia nō ʻo ia me he ʻano lāʻau hou no ka ʻepekema.
Haawina mai ka Haku mai o Davida
Wikiwiki koke lākou i nā lio i ka pōʻeleʻele, huki i nā aniani a wehe a ʻōlelo i nā kauoha. Ua kū ʻo Denisov ma ka hale kiaʻi, e hāʻawi ana i nā kauoha hope. Ka pēho ʻana o ka pāʻina i ka laha ʻana i nā haneli he mau wāwae, hele aku i mua o ke alanui a lele koke i waena o nā kumulāʻau i nā pua ʻupuʻu. Hoʻokomo ʻo Esaul i kekahi mea i nā Cossacks. Ua mālama ʻo Petya i kāna lio i ka manawa, ke kali nei i nā kauoha e noho. Holoi ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu, ua hele ka ihu o kona maka, inā hoʻi i kona mau maka i ke ahi, ua holo ke kuʻi i kona kua, a ʻo ka mea me ka pīhoihoi wikiwiki a kūleʻe i kona ʻōpū.
"ʻAe, ua mākaukau nā mea a pau no ʻoe?" - ʻ Den ʻo Denisov. - E hele lio.
Ua hānai nā lio. Huhū ʻo Denisov me Cossack no ka palupalu ʻana o ke kīkaha, a lawe ʻo ia ia mea, a noho ihola. Ua hāpai ʻo Petya i ka haunaele. Ua makemake ka lio, ʻoi aku ka hemahema, e pīpī i kona wāwae, akā ʻaʻole ʻo Petya, me ke kahe ʻana i kona kaumaha, lele koke ʻo ia i loko o ke aloha a, ke nānā nei i hope i ka hussar, ka neʻe i hope i loko o ka pouli, e holo pololei aku ana i Denisov.
- Vasily Fedorovich, e kau ʻoe iā ʻoe i kekahi mea? ʻOluʻolu ... no ke Akua ... - ʻōlelo ʻo ia. ʻAe poina iā Denisov e pili ana i ke ola o Petit. Nana aku la ia ia.
"E pili ana iā ʻoe, ʻoiai ʻoe e ʻōlelo ikaika ai," e hoʻolohe iaʻu ʻaʻole me ka makemake i nā wahi āpau.
I ka manawa holoʻokoʻa a pau, ʻaʻole ia i ʻōlelo hou aku ʻo Denisov me kahi ʻōlelo me Petya a holo mālie lākou i ka noho mālie. A hiki makou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka nahele, ua ʻoluʻolu loa ke kula. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Denisov ma ka hāhā ʻana i ka esaul, a hoʻomaka ka Cossacks e Petit lāua ʻo Denisov. A hele akula lākou a pau, hoʻopā ʻo Denisov i kona lio a holo ʻo ia i lalo. E noho ana ma ko lākou kua a me nā leʻa, hele mai nā lio me ko kā lākou holo ʻana i loko o ka lua. Ua hoʻokele ʻo Petya ma hope o Denisov. ʻO ka haʻalulu hoʻi i loko o kona kino a pau. I mālamalama nui loa ia, ʻo nā pua wale nō i hūnā. Ke neʻe nei i lalo a nānā i hope, ua kū ʻo Denisov i kona poʻo i ka Cossack e kū ana ma ona.
- ʻO ka hōʻailona! I mai la ia.
Ua hāpai aʻe ʻo Cossack i kona lima, kū mai kahi pua. A ma ka manawa like i loaʻa ka pahele ma mua o nā lio galloping, ka hoʻōho mai nā ʻaoʻao a me nā hē maoli nō hoʻi.
Ia manawa koke ka leo leo mua o ke hekili a me ka uē ʻana, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo Petya i kona lio a hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻōpū, ʻaʻole i hoʻolohe i kā Denisov e hoʻōho mai ana iā ia, ʻōleo maila. Me he mea lā i ka manaʻo o Petya, e like me ka wā o ke ao, ua ʻōniʻo ia i ka minute i lohe ʻia ai ke pana. Lele aku la oia i ka alahaka. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Cossacks ma ke ala. Ma ke alahaka, holo akula ʻo ia i loko o Cossack a nalo maila. Akahi, kekahi poʻe - pono ia ʻo ka Farani - holo mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke ala ma ka hema. Ua hāʻule kekahi i ka lepo ma lalo o nā wāwae o ka lio ʻo Petya.
Ua ʻūhū ʻia ʻo Cossacks i loko o kahi hut, e hana ana i kekahi mea. Mai ka waena o ka lehulehu ua lohe ʻia kekahi leo weliweli. Pale maila ʻo Petya i ua lehulehu nei, a ʻo ka mea mua āna i ʻike ai ʻo ia ka maka o kahi Farani, ʻehā me ka haʻalulu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke paʻa ʻana i nā peaks i kuhikuhi iā ia.
- Hooray. E Guys ... kā mākou ... - kāhea ʻo Pete a, e hāʻawi ana i nā kahe o ka lio ahi e holoholo ana ma ke alanui.
A lohe ʻia paha ke kani ʻana. ʻO nā ʻōlau polū, nā hussars a me nā mea pio Rusia i holo aku nei, e holo ana mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke alanui, e hoʻōho nui ai nā leo a me ka weliweli. ʻO ka ʻōpio, ʻaʻohe me kahi pāpale, me ka maka ʻulaʻula ulaula, ua hakakā ka poʻe Farani i kahi kapa uliuli me ka bayonet mai nā hussars. I ka lele ʻana o Petya, ua hāʻule ʻo Palani Farani. Eia hou ua pau, ua haki ʻo ia i ke poʻo o Petya, a hoʻihoʻi ʻo ia i kahi i kuʻi ʻia ai nā nū pinepine. Ua hoʻoiho ʻia aku nā pana i ka pahale o kēlā hale hanohano kahi ia me Dolokhov i ka pō nei. Noho ka Palani ma laila ma hope o ka pā o ke aniani i ka pohō, ua nui ʻia i nā māla lāʻau a pana i nā Cossacks e hōʻea ana ma nā puka. Ke hoʻokipa nei i ka ʻīpuka, ʻo Petya i ka uahi poli ʻike aku iā Dolokhov me kahi maka ʻala ʻulaʻula, ke kua ʻihi nei, kāhea aku i nā mea. "He 'ala! Kali no ke keiki pēpē! " Hooho ae la ia, oiai o Paka i lalau aku ia ia.
- kali. Uraaaa. - Pale ʻo Petya a, me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole ʻana i hoʻokahi mau minuke, ua hele aku i ka wahi i lohe ʻia ai nā puhaka a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ka uahi ʻōpala. Aia kekahi volley, ʻūlū ʻole e kahe ana i nā pū i kahi mea. Ua hahai ʻo Cossacks a me Dolokhov iā Petya i nā puka o ka hale. ʻO ka palani Farani, i loko o ka uahi uahi e pīhoihoi ana, ua hoʻolei kekahi poʻe i nā mea kaua a holo i waho o nā lāʻau e hālāwai me nā Cossacks, holo ʻē aʻe i lalo i ka wai. Ua holo ʻo Petya ma kona lio ma ke alo o ka manor, a ma kahi o ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻāʻī, hoʻolele i kona mau lima ʻelua i ka wikiwiki a hele hou aku ia mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kekahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka lio, i ke kaʻa ʻana i loko o ke ahi ahi e ʻā ana i ke kukui o ke kakahiaka, ua hoʻomaha, a hāʻule nui ʻo Petya i ka ʻōpū. Ua ʻike ʻo Cossacks i ka wikiwiki o kona mau lima a me kona mau wāwae, ʻoiai ke ʻano ʻole ka neʻe o kona poʻo. Hoʻokomo ka pū i kona poʻo.
Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka luna ʻAmelika nui, ka mea i hele mai iā ia mai hope mai o ka hale me ka ʻokiʻī ma kāna pahi, a haʻi aku lākou e hāʻawi ana, ua iho ana ʻo Dolokhov mai kona lio a hele akula iā Petya, ka mea e hohola aku i nā mea kaua, me kona mau lima ʻōkuhi.
“Mākaukau,” ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka wāe, a hele i ka puka i Denisov e hele mai nei iā ia.
Deer of David or Milu - e pili ana i kekahi holoholona kū hoʻokahi, aia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka World Red Book ma ke ʻano he mea pau ʻole. Ua manao ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona luhika loa ma ka lewa, ʻoiai ua pau loa ia i loko o ka nahele, a mālama ʻia ka lehulehu i nā kānaka wale nō i loko o kahi holoholona.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu hoihoi. ʻO ia, i loko o kekahi holoholona, ua like nā mea like ʻole kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka wahine Kina, kahi i hele mai ai nā mea ʻōiwi, ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mau hālei e like me ka bipi, ʻāʻī o ka lio, nā a me nā huelo o kahi hoki. ʻO kekahi o nā inoa Kina - "sy-pu-xiang", ma ka unuhi ʻana e like me "ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻole".
He holoholona nui ʻo Davidov deer ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona paona ua loaʻa i ʻelua haneli kilokilo i nā kāne, liʻiliʻi nā wahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma ka maloʻo, hoʻokahi ia a me ka iwakālua mau kenimita, a ʻo ka lōʻihi mai kahi a i ka hapalua a ʻelua mau mika. Kau ma kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi elongated poʻo i loaʻa i nā pepeiao. He hapalua mika ʻo ka hāpoki me kahi hoki, e like me ka hoki. ʻO ka laulā he ākea me ka calcaneus lōʻihi a me nā hooves lōʻihi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka holoholona i ka lauoho a me ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka pihi a pau mai ka huʻu a i ke poʻo, he mane o ka lauoho. He mau mane liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo Males a ma mua o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka lauoho hina keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula i ka manawa mahana, a ma ke kau hoʻoilo ua lilo ia i ka hina me ka pale ʻeleʻele ma o ke kaila holoʻokoʻa, a lilo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻonui i ka lauoho, he mau lauoho ka lauoho i waho e kū mau ana ka makahiki.
O na mea haaheo o na kahe a Davida. Nui lākou, hiki ke piʻi i nā kenekulia ʻewalu. ʻEhā lākou mau kaʻina i alakaʻi i hope (no ka nānā i mua i nā puʻima hina) a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa ma ʻeono mau māhele. Loaʻa wale nā kāne. Kūkulu lākou iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba. Ma kahi o ka mea kahiko, hoʻomaka nā ʻōnaehana hou, kahi a Mei e lilo i mau pepeiaohao i piha ʻia.
I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā mākou, he holoholona me kēlā ʻano like ʻole hiki ʻole ke nele i ke kanaka e hoʻomaka i ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka wā ua ʻānai loa ʻia ia mea kuahiwi, a ke ʻano ikaika nei kēia manawa i kāna hana hou ʻana.
Nā kiʻi: Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards = David Deer, Milu
ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano ka mea wale nō: David deer - E. davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.
ʻO ka nui o nā kahe a David ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 150-215 cm, he 50 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 50 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo he 115-140 cm.ʻO ka lehulehu o kā kahe a David he 150-200 kg. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. Ua pōkole ke ʻāʻā, ʻo ke poʻo ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka aka o ka luna poʻo o ka luna ʻāpana o David. Hoʻopili nā pepeiao, kuhikuhi. He hūnā ka hope o ka muzzle. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka huluhulu me ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho elongated. Hoʻokahi nā kahakaha o nā manamana waena, hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā mea kolo e hoʻopā ana i ka lepo i ka wā e hele ai ma ka lepo. ʻO nā pepeiaʻi o ka ʻeke a David, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 87 cm, he ʻokoʻa loa (ʻo ia wale nō ka waena o kēia ʻano): nā ʻōnaehana o ke kāʻei nui e alakaʻi wale ʻia ana, ʻo ka mea haʻahaʻa loa ia a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o lākou i ka lālā mai ka ʻāpana nui, a hoʻi i ka mau kenimita wale mai ka ʻūhā, a hiki paha ke lālā iho (a i kekahi manawa he 6 mau mea). I ke kauwela, he melekele ke kala o ke kua o ke kai o David de-hina, ʻāuli a ʻulaʻula ka ʻōpū. Aia kahi aniani "kokoke" a aniani. I ka hoʻoilo, he hina hina ke kala o ke kala o David deer. ʻUlaʻula kukui ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me nāwaliwali maemae-keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopau ʻole nā kelepaʻi ʻili Interdigital a me metatarsal. He nui loa nā kelima infraorbital o ka ʻelele ʻo David.
He lōʻihi a ʻikiʻoki hoʻi ke ʻalae. He kulu iki ka ʻaoʻao mua. ʻO nā iwi Lacrimal me nā fossae nui o nā kuhi infraorbital. ʻO ka wehe a ka ethmoid he lōʻihi a heʻili. Pā liʻiliʻi nā pahu auditory Bone.
Diploid set chromosomes ma David deer 68.
ʻO ka mea kupaa, noho ʻo ke kāʻei o David i nā wahi maʻa o Northern and Central China. I ka waenakonu o XIX kenekulia, malama ʻia wale ia i loko o ka māla lawaiʻa imperial ma ke kokoke aku i Beijing, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1865 e ka misionari Farani ʻo David. Ua lawe ʻia aku iā ʻEulopa i 1869, a ua loaʻa kēia manawa ʻo David i nā holoholona kī nui loa ma ka honua i loko o kahi o ka 450 mau holoholona. I ka make ʻana o ka make ma hope o Kina i ka makahiki 1920. I ka makahiki 1960, ua kuhi hou ʻia ʻo Kina.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke ʻano maoli o ke ola o ka manuʻī a David, akā naʻe, ke noho nei ma ke kahawai o nā wai o nā wai ma nā ʻāina. Ua hānai ʻo kā ka kaila o David i nā mea kanu meakanu. Mālama ia nā pipi o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. E hana ana ka make ma Iune - Iulai. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i kahi haku wahine ʻo David 250 250 mau lā. Lawe ka wahine i nā rula 1-2 ma ʻApelila - Mei. Aia ka mākeke o ka kākela David ma 27, ʻokoʻa a 15 mau mahina.
Ke Kuhi O David - E. davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.
He hōʻike hoʻohālike maikaʻi loa ka moʻolelo a ko ka wahine kaukaʻi i ka hana e hiki ai i nā kahu hipa ke pāʻani i ka mālama ʻana i kahi holoholona līʻī. No ka mea, ua hoʻopau loa ʻia kēia ʻohana i loko o kona ʻāina home a ua pau loa i ka nalowale inā ʻaʻole i noho kekahi mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i neʻe ʻia i loko o nā kīwaha ʻEulopa. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o hoʻokahi kanaka, ua ʻākoakoa ʻia nā holoholona a pau e hoʻokumu i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a pēlā e hoʻopakele ai i ka ʻano mai ka make.
ʻUlaʻula nui ke kala nui o ke kāʻei ʻo David me kahi hina hina. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka wāwae i lalo, a ʻoi ka ʻōpū. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huʻu ma mua o nā kāʻei ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka kuʻekuʻe, ma ka hope o ka mea i hope.ʻO nā laulā he ākea loa. Horn kekahi oko, mai na pepeiaohao o nā lālā 'ē aʻe o kaʻohana: na keʻano o ka hanaʻana a pau ka mea, hoouna hou, a bifurcated ma na welau. I kekahi manawa, dia antlers auou caiaiai palua o ka makahiki. Ma opiopio kia ma luna o ka ili o loa okoa keʻokeʻo mau kiko.
Kia, i ole domesticated keia, a ma ka mea ia manawa ua ike ole, ua hoikeia mai i ka 'epekema like me ka maoli hihiu holoholona.
I ka mōʻaukala manawa, kia he nui, a hoʻomano māhele aku i loko o ka nui alluvial papu o ka akau-hikina China, pakike mai Beijing a hiki i Hangzhou a me ka aina o Hu-Nan.
Ma ka hihiu dia o Davida i hooki i ka nei mai ka manawa o ka Shang i nohoaliʻi (1766 - 1122 BCE ...) I na papu, ma kona ola, hoomaka ae la e ke ke hoʻokō '. Ma kahi o 3,000 mau makahiki, mālama ʻia ka holoholona i nā paka. I kēlā manawa, i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ka nuku no ka ʻepekema, ʻo ka holoholona hoʻokahi wale nō i mālama ʻia ma Non Hai-Dzu (South Lake) -o ka Imperial Hunting Park ma ke kūkulu hema o Beijing. Ua Ua weheʻia ke kaulana Farani naturalist Armand David Abota (ma hope o ka mea ka mea, ua kapaʻia) ma ka makahiki 1865, ka wā ia ua hiki ke nana ma ka pa pololei hoomaluia pāka kahi o ka poʻeʻEulopa ke kula i hōʻole.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua loaʻa ʻo David i nā ʻili ʻelua a hoʻouna ʻia i Palisa, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo Mil-Edwards iā lākou. Hope, Ua hoouna aku i kekahi mau ola specimens i Europa, a me kā lākou poʻe keiki noho i loko o kekahi mau Zoo.
I ka makahiki 1894, i ka wā o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ka muliwai Kunʻe, he pā pōhaku iʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau kilomita ka lōʻihi ma kahi kokoke i ke kaona o ka Imperial Hunting Park, ua luku ʻia, a ua pālahalaha aku ka nahele a puni kahi i make ai nā poʻe pōloli i nā pōloli.
Ua luku ʻia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona ola i ka makahiki 1900 i ka wā kipi. Wale i lawe i kekahi mau holoholona ma Beijing. I ka 1911, China i elua wale kia, he umi na makahiki elua iho la.
Ma hope iho o kēia mau hanana ma Kina-lani Duke o River hoʻoholo ihola e hookupaa i ka puaʻa i loko o Woburn, hoʻohuiʻia a pau o nā holoholona, mai okoa Zoo maʻEulopa. Ma waena o 1900 a me ka 1901. la oia e hoʻokele i ka ohi umikumamaono dia. Bipi ma Woburn hoomaka ae la e ulu, a me ka 1922 ka mea, helu 64 dia.
ua mahuahua no ka nui loa i ka loaʻa pākeu hiki ke hoʻohana i ka waihona ipu no ka holoholona i loko o nā'āina, ma ka makahiki 1963 ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i ka helu o kia, i ka huina helu loa 400. I ka 1964, ka huila ua i ka piha huli ia London Zoo hoouna eha kope hope i Kina, kahi ua hoʻolauna ʻia lākou ma Beijing Zoo, hapa he kenekulia ma hope o ka hala ʻana o kēia ʻano ma ka ʻāina.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka makahiki kau inoa o ka helu honua o ka dier o David e E. Tong, ka luna o ka Whipsneyd Zoo, i paʻi ʻia ma ka International Yearbook of Zoos.
(D.Fisher, N.Saymon, D.Vinsent "Red Book", Moscow, 1976)
Mea e ʻike ʻia nā david. He kanaka make ke kanaka ʻo David akā ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia. Hoʻoikaika a me ke ola maikaʻi
Deer of David or Milu - e pili ana i kekahi holoholona kū hoʻokahi, aia i hōʻike ʻia ma ka World Red Book ma ke ʻano he mea pau ʻole. Ua manao ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona luhika loa ma ka lewa, ʻoiai ua pau loa ia i loko o ka nahele, a mālama ʻia ka lehulehu i nā kānaka wale nō i loko o kahi holoholona.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaiāulu hoihoi. ʻO ia, i loko o kekahi holoholona, ua like nā mea like ʻole kūpono ʻole. ʻO ka wahine Kina, kahi i hele mai ai nā mea ʻōiwi, ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mau hālei e like me ka bipi, ʻāʻī o ka lio, nā a me nā huelo o kahi hoki. ʻO kekahi o nā inoa Kina - "sy-pu-xiang", ma ka unuhi ʻana e like me "ʻaʻole i kūpono ʻole".
He holoholona nui ʻo Davidov deer ma nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kona paona ua loaʻa i ʻelua haneli kilokilo i nā kāne, liʻiliʻi nā wahine. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma ka maloʻo, hoʻokahi ia a me ka iwakālua mau kenimita, a ʻo ka lōʻihi mai kahi a i ka hapalua a ʻelua mau mika. Kau ma kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi elongated poʻo i loaʻa i nā pepeiao. He hapalua mika ʻo ka hāpoki me kahi hoki, e like me ka hoki. ʻO ka laulā he ākea me ka calcaneus lōʻihi a me nā hooves lōʻihi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka holoholona i ka lauoho a me ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka pihi a pau mai ka huʻu a i ke poʻo, he mane o ka lauoho. He mau mane liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo Males a ma mua o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO ka lauoho hina keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula i ka manawa mahana, a ma ke kau hoʻoilo ua lilo ia i ka hina me ka pale ʻeleʻele ma o ke kaila holoʻokoʻa, a lilo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻonui i ka lauoho, he mau lauoho ka lauoho i waho e kū mau ana ka makahiki.
O na mea haaheo o na kahe a Davida. Nui lākou, hiki ke piʻi i nā kenekulia ʻewalu. ʻEhā lākou mau kaʻina i alakaʻi i hope (no ka nānā i mua i nā puʻima hina) a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa ma ʻeono mau māhele. Loaʻa wale nā kāne. Kūkulu lākou iā lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hopena o Dekemaba. Ma kahi o ka mea kahiko, hoʻomaka nā ʻōnaehana hou, kahi a Mei e lilo i mau pepeiaohao i piha ʻia.
I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā mākou, he holoholona me kēlā ʻano like ʻole hiki ʻole ke nele i ke kanaka e hoʻomaka i ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka wā ua ʻānai loa ʻia ia mea kuahiwi, a ke ʻano ikaika nei kēia manawa i kāna hana hou ʻana.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka genus de David
Nui kia, kiekie ma ka poʻohiwi 140 knm, ma ka sacrum 148 knm, lōʻihi 215 knm.ʻAoʻao kiʻekiʻe a me ka mānoanoa o ia mea, i ke alo iki pōkole ma mua o ka mea hope e wale keena lagging kīloi paʻewa metapodia, glands ma kaʻaoʻao mua nalowale ma waena o ka manamana, metatarsals gland i e noho paha e haʻalele. ʻO ka laulā, ākea ka lōʻihi o kahi māhele i ka lōʻihi o ke kuʻekuʻe e hele ana i nā manamana wāwae. Ke kīloi paʻewa hooves i nui loa. aia no he wa mawaena o hanau mai la ia, he pua kiele o ai pili aku i ka maiuu, i kapa ole. Diawahine ia mau kapuwai uuku kīloi paʻewa hooves ma luna o kona diawahine ia wāwae mea pōkole ma mua o ke alo. Winter lala uhi ma ka huluhulu pūhaka o ke kauwela. Ke poo, elongated i loko o ka mua kahi, a me ka pololei holoʻokoʻa. Hanau o ka lewa ma luna o ka ihu mea nui, kokoke e uhi i kona mau puka ihu, like ia Cervus, wehewehe aku ma ka nui scaly wrinkled. Preorbital glands nui loa. He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, liʻiliʻi, mau manawa ma mua o ka huelo. (ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke mau pepeiao he 7 cm). Ka huelo o keia ano keia ano, ma ka like ana me ka mea'ē aʻe reindeer, ka loa lōʻihi, ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho ma kahi o 53 knm me ka lauoho - 32 knm, paukūʻolokaʻa, bea ma ka hopena o ka lōʻihi lauoho me ka palaki, hiki i ke kuekue wawae (he hiʻona i distinguishes keia lahui, mai a pau'ē aʻe Cervidae) . ^ E Ha yM. Ai waiho loihi ana, i kona hihia, e hoʻomōhala ana i Mane, hou lalo.
ʻO nā kāne wale nō ka nui o nā pepeiaohao, nui, a puni i ka ʻāpana-ʻaoʻao, dichotomously branching, a me nā ʻōnaehana a pau (ʻoi aku ka 4) ke alakaʻi nei i hope a ʻaʻole i mua, e like me nā Cervinae (like me Odocoileus). ʻO ke kaʻina haʻahaʻa ka lōʻihi, pololei, pololei hoʻi i ke kihi, i kekahi manawa me 5 mau liʻiliʻi. Eia, e hoemiia ka keu aku keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o lōʻihi. Ma kekahi mau hihia, palua o ka makahiki, a, paha, o ka hopena o ke kalaka nui-domesticated moku'āina e hoʻololi i ka pepeiao. Ke kapa komo ninoieo o ekolu ano o ka lauoho. Arista, kŘpa a palupalu, loa kānaka wavy, pōkole. Ma ka lapa o lōʻihi lauoho ma luna o ka abdomen mea pōkole a me ka emi pinepine ma mua i loko o ka luna kino. Ka wahi o ka penis uhi me sparse lōʻihi lauoho. Ma ka aoao o ka'ā'ī, a ma lalo o ka puʻu lauoho ho okumu i ka umiumi, ke kiʻekiʻe o merges me ke koena o ka ili poo. ʻO ka lauoho he loi e pale i mua o ke alo me kahi kaula e neʻe ana i mua, mai ka sacrum ma ka ʻaoʻao holoʻokoʻa a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī. Loaʻa nā kihi o nā lauoho i nā mahiki pili. A pau ma luna o ke kino, koe nae ke poo, a malalo lala o ka metacarpal ami ( "kukuli") a me kuekue wawae iho, he mea pohihihi keia lōʻihi lauoho, mai ka 10-15 knm ka lōʻihi. He pōkole loa ka undercoat.
Pena'ōpiopioʻeleʻele-piʻipiʻi, initially me keʻokeʻo mau kiko o. He ʻāpana monochrome nā pākeke. ʻO ke kala laulā he brownish-ʻulaʻula me kahi hina kala, ka mea lohi ma nā poʻohiwi. ʻO ka waha o ka whitish paha brownish me ka eleele malu. Ma luna o ka mea i hanau kakaka makahiki pouli brownish ke kina ole. Ka lae, i ka wa ma waena o nā maka, a me nā pepeiao, a me nā apo puni na maka blednoohristye. 'Ā'ī, luna o ka ulaula-oho ma ka aoao a me ka pākī iho o kaʻeleʻele, eleele lalo. Puu, lalo ke poo a me ka umauma i blackish. Ma ka lapa o ka eleele ka paopaoʻana. I ka haʻahaʻa o ke kino whitish-poohina, pinepine me ocher tint. ʻO ke kua a i loko o nā ʻūhā ʻūlū keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo e huli i ka ʻili o ke kino. ʻO ka huelo hoʻokahi kala kala me ke kua a he ʻulaʻula paha ma luna, kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lauoho ʻulaʻula. Nā forelimbs mai o ka "iho" ia a me ka posteromedial pā blednoohristo keʻokeʻo, e kūkulu - mai kaʻaoʻao kuekue wawae, a ma luna o ka pā koa ma ka groin i ke kuli - ka iaʻano hoʻokahi, kŰlń ao ma ka pahaleʻaoʻao mea eleele eiei koa. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. I ka hooilo, na holoholona perelinivayut noho hou a anuanu lauoho uhi poʻo ka hoki. Hoʻomaka ka huluhulu kauwela mai Mei a Iune a ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. Hōʻike nā hōʻailona mua o ka lulu molt i ka hopena o Iulai.
I ka lalo iwi ā ua iki elongated i loko o ka mua loa aku, mai pm2 a hiki i ka pau ana o ka iwi ā ke kaha like kokekau i ka lōʻihi o ka lalani molars a me premolars. Kuʻi nukeliu, kŘpa a pōkole, emi ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka helu o lalo molars. Ke angular kaʻina ua chamfered mua a me ka hope, aole hoi ole nei iluna, e like Cervus.
Luna canine niho o ka poe liilii, nui. Luna molars kŘpa a nui, a me ka meaʻuʻuku nā kolamu ma luna o ka loko. Kālai beveled, e like Cervus, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻemiʻana i loko o ka nui. Ka lokoʻaoʻao o ka incisors a me canines he mau hohonu lonikū kaumaha e i hookaawale ia e ka waena-kiʻekiʻe lonikū kualapa ma kēlāʻaoʻao hooinu kulana ua i kaupalena, ma ka iniiaiie (lalo) kekahi hapa o ke kaumaha i uhiʻia i nā mea uuku protrusions, ai ka eke-me recesses i hana.
ʻO nā phalanges hoofed he nui, pālahalaha a hemo (ka laulā a me ke kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻāpana articular like. Ke hala ʻole ka ʻaoʻao luna, e hoʻopuni ʻia ka phalanx ma luna. Ka lua o ka mea i 'ano like me ka phalanx o Cervus, akā, kŘpa a hou.
Mahele a me ka noho ʻana o ka wahine a David
I ka papa kuhikuhiE 'āpana o Davida ka dia ua i ike, paha, e nā māhele o ka'ākau Kina a me lapana. ʻO ka kānalua nui, ʻo ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o Elaphurus ma Kina he nui loa, no ka mea i loaʻa i kahi moku fossil ma Nihovan (Elaphurus bifurcatus Teilhard de Chardin et Piveteau) a me ka ʻāina ʻo Henan (Elaphurus davidianus Matsnmoto). ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia poʻo i Iapana e hōʻike ʻia ana ma ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea i haki ka fosa, i hōʻike ʻia e Watase mai ka moku ʻo Harima. Currently ma ka hihiu, aole ia i kānāwai. Kekahi holoholona i loaʻa i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ka Summer Palace ma Beijing. Ua hoʻoneʻe i Woburn Abbey (England), a ma kekahi mau Zoo A uuku helu o nā mamo o ka ohana bipi. Sowerby mai nei ia paha ke kumu nui wahi o na kia ua ma na papu o Hebei aina, kahi o nā kia noho i loko o nā wahi lepo wai uhi me kaʻohe, a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.
Adaptive helehelena. Hiʻona o ka lala 'ole (nui poe o ka manamana lima, i ko lakou hiki i ka neʻe' Aʻohe wai iaʻu kaiāulu, ka lōʻihi "kuekue wawae" o ke kīloi paʻewa na manamana wawae, a me ka nui) hoike Elaphurus ka hoʻololiʻana i ke ola i loko o nā Swamp (like elk). E like me kraniologicheskim nā hiʻona e e hele kokoke i ke subfamily Cervinae. ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia kiʻi mai nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohui like ia i kahi ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe (ma ke ʻano o nā manamana lima, nā pepeiaohao, i ka moʻomeheu pilikino a me nā wā, a me kekahi mea) me nā hōʻailona primitive (e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ka ʻāina fronto-orbital, he ʻano liʻiliʻi like ʻole o ka waihoʻoluʻu ma nā ʻāpana like o ke kino). Ke loa paha o ka hoʻohui o me Rusa, ikaika hoololi a me ka hana kūikawā lālā o ka a ia e ke noonoo, a i ka mea aʻo Kīwala'ō nui i loko o craniologically manaʻo i keia ano.
ʻO Rod - kākā o David
- Papa: Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758 = Mammals
- Infraclass: Eutheria, Placentalia Gill, 1872 = Placental, ʻo nā puke kiʻekiʻe.
- Squadron: Ungulata = Ungulates
- Poe: Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 = Artiodactyla, parnopalye
- Suborder: Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777 = Ruminants
- Family: Cervidae Hinahina, 1821 = Oleneva, kia, reindeer, plotnorogie
- Rod: Elaphurus Milne-Edwards, 1866 = David kia, Pākē dia Milu