No ka toad ka mea e pili ana i ka amphibians tailless. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole mai ka 2 cm a hiki i 55 cm. Me ke kaumaha o ke kino o ka mea like - mai 10 mau kekela a 3.6 kilogram. Nui ke kino me nā wāwae pōkole, ʻaʻohe iwi. Poloke ka ʻili, uhi ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā ʻōpala. Hiki i ka hopena a i ʻole ke kiko aʻe. ʻO ka haumāna he horahi, ma hope o nā maka he mau kelepona kūikawā o ka parotid. Mālama lākou i nā toxins i pale e pale aku ai i ka ʻenemi a me nā ili kino.

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau amphibians i kahi ola terrestrial, e hoʻoikaika i ka pō. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā ʻano semi-aquatic a me Woody. I ka manawa like, e hālohelohe nā ʻaka āpau i nā hua wai i ka wai, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka ovoviviparous. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻōpala, kānana, nā pepeke. Hoʻolaha ʻo Toad i nā wahi a puni o ka honua: aia wale nō ia ma nā wahi anu, i Hawaiʻi, i New Zealand, ma ka hapa nui o nā mokupuni o ka Pakipika.

Pēlā

ʻO ka ʻaka no nā amphibians kauoha. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 1.6 cm a 32 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona mai kahi mea liʻiliʻi i ka 3.2 kg. Pōʻohi ke kiko a palulu. ʻO ka haumāna he elliptical i ka helehelena. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā Parotid. ʻO nā wāwae a me ka ikaika me nā membrane hoʻomohala.

Noho ka hapanui o nā rana ma loko paha o nā kino wai. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻōhua ke noho i ka wai ulana. Aia i nā ʻano ʻona. Noho lākou i nā tropic. Mālama ʻo ka ʻaka i nā hua wai i ka wai. Eia hou kekahi, ma nā mokupuni, aia nā ʻanoʻano e waiho ana i ka hua ma ka ʻāina.

Noho kēia mau amfibia i nā wahi a pau, ma kahi o nā wahi anu. Hele nō lākou ma loko o ka hema hema o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika Hema, Hawaiʻi a me ʻAusetalia, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka māhele ʻākau. Ma kekahi mau'āina ʻEulopa, ma Aferika, ma Caribbean, ʻai ka poʻe i nā wāwae ʻalā no ka meaʻai no ka meaʻai a manaʻo iā lākou he makana.

ʻO ka papa o nā mea like a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka rana a me nā wīwī

Nā baki - ka ho'ākāka

ʻO nā huaʻaka ka inoa maʻamau no kahi hui holoholona mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo amphibians tailless. I kahi ākea ākea, ʻo ka'ōlelo "frog" e pili ana i nā luna āpau o ke kauoha o ka tailless. Ma kahi kuʻipiʻu, pili ʻia kēia inoa i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana o nā rana maoli. Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻōkaka palaka me ka tadpoles. Ka neha ʻia a palaka ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa - mai nā tropics i nā wahi subarctic, ka nui loa o ka lahui i loko o nā ʻike kuʻuna haʻalulu.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā pākeke mai 8 mm (ʻokoʻa Paedophryne amauensis) a 32 cm (goliath frog). ʻO nā poʻe ʻelele o ka detachment he kino keʻakeʻa, ke nānā protruding, he alelo forked a me nā limu e kū pono ʻia ma lalo o ke kino, ua nalowale ke poʻo. ʻO ka kahi o nā baki i nā manawa āpau e hoʻoulu ai i nā wai wai wai, a no nā pākeke, komo pū kekahi i nā ʻāina, nā lei aliʻi a me nā ʻuʻu i lalo o lalo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻona o ka neʻe e hoʻohalaho, ke lele nei nā ʻano mea like ʻole: ka hele ʻana a holo, ke ʻauʻau, ka lele, piʻi ʻana a me ka holo ʻana.

He waiwai nui nā polana intogument i nā kelakona, nā mea ʻona o nā kino o kekahi mau ʻano. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā rana ma ka laumona brown, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hina i ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōuli a me nā ʻeleʻele maʻamau, maʻamau ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā toxicity (a i ʻole a mimike ia). Pale ka ʻā o nā rana i ka wai, akā nā ʻano like ʻole e ʻae iā lākou e pale aku i ka nui o ka nāhū nui i ka wā o ka noho ʻāina.

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o nā baki a me nā wīwī

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻā nā frogs i ka wai. Loaʻa nā lālani me ka huluhulu, nā ʻōpala me nā huaʻala a me nā hue ʻana mai nā hua. Hele ʻo Tadpoles i ke ʻano o ka metamorphosis, i ka hope o ko lākou huli ʻana i nā pākeke. Ma ka manawa like, ua lele kekahi mau mea i luna o ka ʻāina, aʻo kekahi mau e hele ma ka ʻālpole kahi. ʻO nā pākeke o ka hapanui o nā ʻano he predator, nona ka meaʻai e kuhi ai i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi, akā he mau ʻano omnivorous a me nā mea like ʻole e ʻai ai i nā hua.

Hiki i nā rana ke hoʻopuka i kahi nui o nā hōʻailona kani, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hoʻohālikelike. Ua hōʻike ka nānā ʻana i nā baki i nā ʻano paʻakikī o ka lawehala i ka hana mau, me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ke ola a ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Nui ka nui o nā rana me ka weliweli. ʻAi ka poʻe i nā baki e like me ka mea ʻai, aia ka mea like me nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ka ʻoi pū kekahi.

Kanaka - Kumumana

Nā manu moe manu, a i ʻole manu maoli (lat. Bufonidae) - he ʻohana o nā amphibians tailless, hoʻokahi wale nō o nā mea i kapa ʻia nā inoa he "forads", ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau ʻano e hiki ke kapa ʻia he mau paka (no ka laʻana. Ma kahi pae kiʻekiʻe ʻauhau, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "toad" ma kēia ʻohana, akā hoʻohana ʻia nō nā mea ʻano mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe.

ʻOkoʻa loa ke ʻano a me ka nui o nā ʻeke manu. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 20 mm (Guiana harlequin) a 250 mm (toka Blomberg). ʻAno pālahalaha ka nui o ke kino, nā wāwae, nā pōkole. Maʻa ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ka pā, nā mānoanoa, pinepine i uhi ʻia i nā ʻano pāpaʻi maha a i ʻole a koʻikoʻi paha. Hoʻopili ka ʻōlelo, nui. ʻO nā niho, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻāpana a ʻokiʻoki paha. ʻO ka haumāna ka pa i ka lehelehe, nā manamana lima o nā ʻalā o nā ʻalopona i hui pū ʻia e ka membrane lawaiʻa.

Nā ʻōleʻa o Parotid (parotids), kahi mau ma ke ʻano he nui o nā ʻōmaʻi, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā maka ma hope o nā maka. Aia i kēia mau kime nā huahelu alkaloid - bufotoxin, kahi e kāʻili ai i ka wā o ka luhi. Ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻohālikelike o ka ʻawaʻī ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Ka poʻomanaʻo o kekahi mau ʻūlū (no ka laʻana, ka wana a Colorado) e hoʻohana ʻia me he mea ʻona psychotropic leʻaleʻa.

Loaʻa i nā kāne o ka ʻohana ka ʻona neotenic o Bidder, ka ovary rudimentary, e ulu ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hōʻike hulale a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka nui o nā keiki amphibians. Aia i lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, e lilo a make ke ovary ikaika, a ʻo ke kāne, ʻoiaʻiʻo, lilo ka wahine.

ʻO nā wīlani pōloli nā amphibians terestrial e komo i ka wai no ka waiho wale ʻana i nā hua, akā loaʻa pū kekahi mau ʻano semi-aquatic (no ka laʻana, ansonia) a me nā arboreal. Hoʻolohe lākou i ka ʻāina. Ua hānai hānai lākou i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi: nā pepeke, nā nūnū a me nā ʻehā. Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa ia o nā pōpoki mahiʻai.

Hoʻaiho

Noho ka baki me ka maʻa o ka wai i loko o ka wai, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻia ka nui o nā loko o nā loko a me nā ʻapu. Hoʻoikaika lākou i kahi o ko lākou wahi hānau, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i laila i ko lākou mau ola.

ʻO ka wāwae ka mea maʻamau i nā māla. Ma ka hānau ʻia i ka wai, ke hoʻi nei lākou i ko lākou reservoir i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā masonry. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, ʻo nā kuʻekuʻe maʻamau e noho mamao mai ia.

Kāleka

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae a palahalaha ma mua o nā baki, he pāalaha loa ko lākou kino, ʻoi ka nui, a kokoke ko lākou poʻo i ka ʻāina. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ke kino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo o ka baki ma mua o kahi kīpē, a ma waho aʻe, e ulu mau ʻia nō.

ʻO kaʻili o ka ʻili o ka wāwae ka lau, maloʻo, me nā ʻōpala, hina hina-brown ma luna, a he kukui hoʻi i ka ʻōpū, me nā wahiʻeleʻele. Ua palala ka palahalaha a palulu me ka palupalu i nā mea kanu wai.

ʻO nā ʻāpana a me nā baki, ua hoʻopau loa i kā lākou mea ʻai. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā ʻulā i piha nā niho. He mau niho ka baki, akā ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe wale nō. ʻAe, ʻae nā meaʻai me hoʻokahi hapalua o nā ʻōpala he ʻoluʻolu ʻē loa.

Nā Moho:

1. ʻO ka kaiāulu e pili ana i ka honua o nā mea kanu no nā poʻe aloha a me nā limahana http://www.botanichka.ru
2. Unuhi i ka ʻōlelo Lūkini S. I. Ozhegova
3. Paena i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā amphibians http://www.zemnovodik.ru

Wahi a ka ʻōlelo wehewehe ʻōlelo ʻo Ozhegov, he mau hiʻohiʻona ka ʻakaʻū a me nā wīwī i nā hiʻohiʻona hiki ke hōʻike ʻia: nā ʻūhā ua lōʻihi nā wāwae hūleʻa i ka pupu, a ua ʻili nā wili i ka ʻili. ʻO Biology ka wehewehe ʻana i nāʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe.

Caviar kāpili

ʻAi like nā ʻeke a me nā baki e waiho hua i ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua o nā rana, a ua like ko lākou helehelena like me kahi māla e like me ka ʻahuʻula. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua o ka manamana ma ke kaulahao, ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kekahi mau mika. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia kaula manamana i nā lipi hou a puni ka mea kanu i ka wai.

Hola a me ka manu

Mea makemake makemake i ka meaʻai

ʻO nā meaʻai nui o ka baki a me ka manu, he mau pepeke, a ʻo ka hapanui o lākou he pōpoki. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano kīʻaha punahele: ʻo ka moor frog e makemake nui i nā spider a me nā cicadas, ka mauʻu i ka mea i nā pōloli a me ka mauʻu hānai, nā kime hina hina i nā pōpoki a me nā popo, nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Akā inā nele ka mea punahele punahele, a laila pōoliʻoli lākou i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea ola a lākou i ʻike mai ai: bear, weevils, wireworms, Colorado potato beetle larvae and the beetles they, uʻau a me nā mea he nui ʻē aʻe. Nā baki e lele pono i nā mea lele e lele ai, me nā mea hoʻomo a me nā pōkī.

ʻAi kahi pōkole 1-2 g o ka meaʻai i ka lā, kahi keiki - a hiki i 8 g. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ka kauwela he nui o ka mauʻu kīkoi ma kahi o 1300 mau pōpoki. ʻO ka nui o nā pōpoki i ʻai ʻia e nā baki a me nā manu ʻai he ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa iʻoi aʻe ma mua o nā manu manuahi insectivorous. Ke hōʻole nei lākou i nā iniseti me kahi ʻono ʻono a maikaʻi ʻole, no ka laʻana, mai ka ʻāpua ʻana o ka ʻuala ʻo Colorado, kahi i ʻai ʻole ai nā manu. ʻAi lākou i nā mea ʻai maikaʻi ma mua o nā manu, ʻokoʻa ka mea e hui pū me ke kāʻei. Holo lākou i ka pō ke hiamoe a nā manu, ʻai i nā iniseti e alakaʻi ana i kahi ola nocturnal: nā poʻo pōkā, nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpala, nā palaka.

Nā baki a me nā kuahiwi i ka māla

ʻO nā ʻaka a me nā ʻūlū, ʻoiai lākou e nānā i ke ʻano leʻaleʻa a me ke kani leo nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoaaloha ma mua o nā ʻenemi i kā mākou pūnaewele. ʻO ka mea nui ka meaʻai o nā amphibians he mau pepeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pōpoki. No laila, hoʻolālā kohi nā māla i ʻike i nā kūlana kūpono no ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i ko lākou māla a me ka māla.

Makemake ka moor i ka spor a me nā cicadas, makemake nui ka palaka mauʻu i nā pua a me ka mauʻu mauʻu, ka mea hina mau ke aloha i nā pōpoki a me nā popo, a ʻo nā mea kolo puaʻa ke makemake i nā ʻōpala. ʻOi aku nō hoʻi lākou i nā weevil, bear, wireworms, larvae of Colorado beetles, caterparsars and other pest. Hōʻalo i nā rana ka pepeke a me nā mea lele. ʻO nā ʻōpala ʻōpio i mau ʻuʻuku i nā namu, nā weevil a me nā ʻōpala raspberry.

I ke kauwela, ma kēlā me kēia haneli o ka māla, nā ʻaka a me nā bako e ʻai ai a hiki i ka tausani nā pepeke. A ʻo ka helu o nā mea iniketi maikaʻi loa i luku ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā bako, he 2-3 manawa ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka nui o nā mea hihiu i ʻai ʻia e nā manu manu. ʻO kēia no ka mea nui kaʻai nui o nā amphibians i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā pepeke me kahi ʻano ʻono ʻole a me nā pale pale. Eia kekahi, ʻimi nā holoholona i ka pōʻeleʻele, e luku ana i ka maunu nocturnal, nā mea me kā lākou ʻōpio a me nā ahuleka o nā mahina - nā pōloli nocturnal, ʻoiai e hiamoe ana nā manu.

ʻO nā kūlana ola maikaʻi no nā ʻū a me nā baki ma ka pūnaewele

ʻO nā loko wai hoʻonaninani a me nā loko wai i kōkua i ke ola a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā amphibians. ʻO ka Frog a me nā ʻūhā ke noho hauʻoli i loko o ka māla inā he hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i loko o kahi kīnā hohonu mai kahi ʻauʻau hohonu hohonu, ke ʻauhau, nā kāʻei kaʻa a i ʻole ka ʻauʻau kahiko. Ma ka lihi o ka loko makeshift, pono e kau i nā papa e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hōʻoluʻolu mai ka wai.

Hoʻonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka loko i ka wahi haʻahaʻa loa o ke kahua. Pono e lawa ka hohonu a ʻaʻole ka manuahi i ka lalo i ka hoʻoilo.

I nā hale momona, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i nā kīʻaha lepo me ka wai ma lalo o nā lau o nā kukama. A waiho i laila me nā piʻa. E ʻoliʻoli ʻia nā kuahiwi i nā "noho" mai nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā lālā a me nā pila ma nā māla. I nā kihi huna o ka māla, pono e haʻalele i nā wahi me ka lau nāʻu. E lilo kēia mau wahi i puʻuhonua no nā holoholona kūpono ʻole.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā ʻaka?

Kahi ʻia kēia mau amphibians a puni ka honua, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka ʻulala ʻAmelika a me Antarctica. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka toad aga, lawe ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo Green Continent a me nā mokupuni e kokoke mai ana. I ke kūlohelohe, koho pinepine nā wīwī i nā waʻa wai, nā māulululu, nā pōkā - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā wahi wela wela. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā lāʻau ke lilo i home o ka mania.

No ka hoʻoilo, mālama kēia mau holoholona, ​​i ka piʻi ʻana i kahi wahi i waiho ʻia ai: ma lalo o nā lau hāʻule i ʻole nā ​​pā maoli.

E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka wāwae

Leo o leo

ʻO ka leo kākā o ke kuʻekuʻe

ʻO ka leo kākā o ka puʻu

Hoʻopili i kahi wahine hānai i nā hua; e like ʻo ia me nā pūlima lōʻihi o ka māho. Hoʻomaka ka Incubation mai 5 a 60 lā. ʻAkahi nā iwi o nā wīlou i ka iʻa iʻa: ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka lima.

ʻAe, ʻona, no laila ua hopu ʻia lākou i nā kūlima.

Aia hoʻokahi mea kupaianaha i ke kuʻuna ākea no ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpala: aia wale nō ka pua kiki viviparous i ka honua e noho nei ma ʻApelika. Ke lawe nei ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ai iā ia ma kahi o 9 mau mahina, a ma hope o kāna hana hou i nā ola ʻuʻuku.

ʻO nā hae o nā ihu

Hōʻalo ʻia kēia mau holoholona e nā ibises, stakes, snakes, minks, wild wildars, rubxes, raccoons, herons. ʻO nā ʻanā maʻamau (ʻaʻole i nāona) paʻa maoli ka pale ʻole e kūʻē i ko lākou mau ʻenemi;

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.