Na ka polana loko (lat. Pelophylax ridibundus) no nā ʻohana Real palaka (Ranidae). ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea nui o nā amphibians i Eurasia. He kūpono nui ia i nā loli kūlohelohe a pili hou i nā kūlana hou.

Wahi a nā haʻawina genetic, ma kahi o 5 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia amphibian me kahi loko o ka ʻōpū (Pelophylax lessonae). ʻO ka hopena he hua hou i kapa ʻia ʻo frog the edible (Pelophylax esculentus). ʻO kāna mau wāwae wāwae i ʻai ʻia nā mōlani Farani i ka wā e hoʻokē ʻai ai i ka makahiki mua. Ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻike ʻia ka meaʻai ʻoleetentious ma ke ʻano he kumu lawehala o Farani.

I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻai ka Farani i ka 4000 tons o nā wāwae frog.

Kē na mea like me nā gourmets o Belgium a me USA. E kaulana pū ʻo Delicacy ma Indonesia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Luxembourg, Pokukala a me Sepania.

Kahele

E holo ana kēia kahi noho mai Central Europe a hiki i Central Asia a me North Africa. Aia kona mokuna ma ke komohana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Farani, a ma ka hikina i Kazakhstan, Pakistan a me nā ʻāpana komohana ʻākau o Kina. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, e moe ana mai ke kahakai o ke Kai Baltic a hiki i Udmurtia a me Bashkiria ma Rusia.

ʻIke ʻia nā lehulehu i nā ʻolo ma ke Komohana Saudi Arabia a me Bahrain. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka loko o ka palaho a me ka like ʻana o ka ʻōpū ma ʻEberian a me nā Iāpana ʻo Iberian, ua hāmama ʻia lākou me Kamchatka, kahi i loaʻa ai lākou i nā loko i loko o nā loko wai kokoke i nā wai puna wai.

Ke kū nei nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano pili i ka pae wela i nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 1100 m ma luna o ke kai, a hiki i 2500 m ma Balkans He hāʻawi maikaʻi lākou i nā kahe wai hou me ka wai o ka wai ma kahi o 15 ° C, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻomanawanui i ka wela wela i ke 35 a ʻaʻohe kumu no ko lākou olakino. ° C Ma ke kūkulu hema o Ukraine, ua loaʻa nā amphibians i nā loko a me nā loko i hoʻonui ʻia i ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakai.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā rana loko i ka biotopes me nā mea kanu nui i waiho ʻia ma nā wahi ākea.

Aloha lākou i nā kahe o nā muliwai a me nā loko, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka lā. Hōʻalo nā lapalapa ʻoliʻoli nui. ʻO ka hohonu hohonu no lākou he 50 cm.

ʻAno lawehala

ʻO ka hana wai moana ka hana i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. I ke ahiahi, lalau ʻo ia i nā lā māmā no ka hauʻoli me ka leʻaleʻa, a i kāna manawa lōkihi mai nā pulima maikaʻi e hūnā ana ʻo ia ma lalo o nā aʻa o ke kahakai, ma loko o nā ulu lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​hale lalo o ke kai o kahi kaiāulu.

No ka ʻāpana ʻo Amphibian ka nui o nā ʻano invasive a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomau ʻia o nā wahi i noho ʻia.

Ua ʻimi wale ʻo ia me kāna mau home i ka ua nui. Ke hele mau nei nā neʻe ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō.

Haalele ka rana loko i ko lākou wahi hoʻoilo ma muli o ke ʻano o ka wā ma ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. I ka hema o ka lehele, e hoʻomau lākou i ka makahiki a holo ʻole i ka hibernation. Hoʻomohala ka hoʻoilo i ka wai aquatic a ma ka nui o nā wahi i hoʻomaka i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa a i ka hoʻomaka mua paha o Nowemapa, i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka wai wai i 8 ° -10 ° C.

Mea ʻai

ʻO ke kumu o kaʻai o nā pākeke me nā ʻano pepeke like ʻole, ko lākou ʻōpio a me nā arachnids. Hopu lākou i kā lākou ʻai i ka ʻāina a i ʻole kū mai ka wai, hopu koke iā ia me kahi alelo ejected. Ua ʻānai pinepine ʻo Palaka i nā lele, nā manu, nā wīwī, a me nā meli e lele ana ma luna o ka wai. Hoʻopili iā lākou, nāʻai liʻiliʻi nā crustaceans a me nā annelids (Annelidae) eʻai ʻia.

I kahi palena iki, nā iʻa a me nā wai o nā ʻāpana ʻehā ʻē aʻe, nā manu a me nā mamm e lilo i mea pio. ʻAʻole e hāʻawi ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa i ka leʻaleʻa o ka leʻaleʻa i kāna iho kūʻa a me nā caviar iʻa. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻo ia i nā voles a me nā ʻoka, nā moa a me nā nahelehele i huki ʻia.

Ua mākaukau ke kanaka nāna e ʻoki i kekahi mea e haʻahaʻa ia ia i ka nui.

ʻO ka ʻaka me ka loko mauʻa e lawelawe i ka ʻai no nā iʻa iʻa, nā manu a me nā manu.

Hoʻomaʻa ʻo Tadpoles i nā detritus, algae ʻōmaʻomaʻo, diatoms (Diatomeae) a me nā rotifers (Rotifera). Ke ulu nui lākou, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i nā ʻāpana palupalu o nā mea kanu.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka wā hele mai ka lā mai a hiki i Iune. Noho ʻo Males i nā wahi liʻiliʻi no loko mai o ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 2 m a kāohi i nā wahine me ka croak nui. ʻO nā leo e hoʻomanaʻo mau ana i ka puhaka a i ʻole ka ʻakaʻaka kanaka, emit lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā resonator kūikawā e kū nei i nā kihi o ka ana waha.

Ke hoʻokō nei ke kāne e huki i ka hoihoi ʻana o ka hoa, ua ʻūkūʻo ia i kona kua a paʻa i nā wāwae o mua a me nā kīpī. Kūpono ka wahine mai 5 a 15 tausani hua, ua hoʻohiki koke ʻia e ka kāne a hoʻopili ʻia i nā lau o nā mea kanu aku e kahe ana i ka wai o ka wai. Hoʻokele pinepineʻo Caviar i nā manawa liʻiliʻi.

Mamuli o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i ka incubation mai 4 a 10 mau lā.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino hoʻohālike e pili ana iā 8 mm. Mālama ka papa lālani i ka 6-12 mau pule. Ma ka hopena o ka metamorphosis, ulu ke keiki i ka 6-9 cm. Ma kekahi o lākou, e piʻi ana ka hoʻomohala i ʻelua mau makahiki, no laila ua hoʻokō lākou i ka nui o nā leʻaleʻa a hiki i 18 cm.

I nā kāne, ʻo ka wā puberty e hiki ana i nā makahiki ʻelua, a i nā wahine i ka makahiki ʻekolu.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne, ʻo 100 mm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka wahine ka 140 mm. Kaumaha 50-200 g. Aia kekahi manawa, hele mai nā specimens nui. Me nā mania maʻamau (Bufo bufo) ʻo lākou ka nui o ka amphibians nui i Europa.

Hoʻomalima ʻia ke kino luna i ka lāʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā ​​kala polu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi ke kanaka me ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he kala polū. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka mana o nā brownish a i ʻole nā ​​hina hina i hope o nā kua, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā hips.

ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū a uhi ʻia i nā specks me kahi kiʻi kinipōpō. ʻO ka poʻo ke oval, me kahi muzzle kuhikuhi. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili paʻakikī me nā warts. Ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membranes.

Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi puʻu loko o ke kai he 12 mau makahiki.

Polana Lake

Polana Lake - ka mea maʻamau o ka ʻohana o nā baki maoli. E hālāwai ʻo ia me ke ʻano, he pono ka haʻalele ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale o kēia mau kūlanakauhale i kahi wai wai. Hoʻololi maʻalahi kēia amphibian e kahi ʻano kikoʻī ma ke poʻo a me nā kuʻina. ʻO ka ʻōpū lake ka mea nui e pili ana i ka hui. ʻO ka hapa pinepine ka poʻe noho ma kahi o ka wela o ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi o 15 tikeleka Celsius. E kamaʻilio hou mākou e pili ana i kēia ʻano baki.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

ʻO ka hua ʻōlelo mua no ka loko o kahi loko i kū ʻia i 1771. ʻO ka inoa Latin Pelophylax ridibundus i kēlā manawa ua hāʻawi ʻia i kēia ʻano mea e ka ʻepekema encyclopedia Eneman Pallas Peter Simon. Ua loaʻa i kēia kanaka nā holoholona he nui o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā holoholona like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mau inoa o ka manuʻaluna i kapa ʻia ma hope ona.

ʻO ka polana loko ka nui o nā ʻano amphibian nui i Lūkia. Loaʻa i nā manawa pinepine loa i hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā hale huku o nā kumu anthropogenic. Wahi a nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi, ma ko mākou ʻāina i puka mai kēia ʻano ʻōpala i 1910 a ua kuhi hewa ʻia he huaʻōlelo nui - Rana florinskii.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

Polana Lake kona hāmeʻa he elongated skeleton, kahi ʻulā oval a me kahi muzzle kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka hiʻohiʻona o ka frog loko o nā ʻuna ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana. Inā ʻoe e nānā maka aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ke kino, ka paʻi ʻia i ka hina hina a ʻāhinahina paha i nā kala, he nui nā wahi pōkole. Aia ma luna, ʻo ke kino o ka frog i like ia me ke ʻano o kona ʻōpū. ʻO nā maka o ke kanaka no ka hapa nui he ʻāpana gula.

I waena o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi laha kupanaha i kēlā me kēia manawa, a hiki i 700 mau manawa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā paka.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka baki wai?

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

Kano ʻia ka frog loko i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka honua. I kēia manawa, i ka hoʻohui i Rusia, hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ʻĀsia, a me ʻĀpana ʻAmelika hoʻi.

Ma waena o nā wahi ākea ākea o ʻEulopa e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia:

Ma Asia, ua hele pinepine nā lāʻau frogs ma mua o Kamchatka. ʻO kēia no ka mea hiki i nā kumu geothermal ke loaʻa pinepine i ka peni. Aia ka pākī i loko o lākou a hiki ma kahi o 20 degere Celsius, a ʻo kēia, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ke ola o kēia ʻano.

Ma ka ʻāpana o ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka rula loko me ka nui o ka hopena inā e noho ʻoe ma Tomsk a i Novosibirsk. I nā muliwai e like me Tom a me Ob, ʻo lākou kekahi o nā kamaʻāina nui.

He aha nā mea me ka loko o ka loko?

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

ʻAʻohe like o ka meaʻai o kēia ʻano ma ka ʻohana ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kā lākou mea ʻai, makemake nui nā rana loko i nā ʻōpio o nā ʻalopona, nā pōʻai wai, a me nā mollusks wale nō hoʻi. Inā loaʻa kahi meaʻai i kau ʻia ma luna nei a nele paha, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka tadpole o kā lākou ʻano a i ʻole o ka iʻa o kekahi iʻa.

Ma ka paukū e pili ana, ua haʻi mākou i nā hana o ka amphibian i noʻonoʻo ʻia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui ʻē aʻe o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ka piʻu loko ke puʻu i kekahi mau mammals liʻiliʻi e like me ke kīleʻa pālolo a manuahi paha, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā pipi a me nā meaʻi ʻōpio.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

Polana Lake ʻO ka ʻohana o nā rana ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano amphibian nui i Eurasia. I ke kūlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea nona e loaʻa nā lihi i ka lōʻihi o nā 17 kenimika. Nani nō ka pale ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

E like me nā baki a pau, ke kaʻe mau ka noho ʻana i nā kahakai o nā wai wai. Ma muli o kona kala, hiki iā ia ke hele maʻalahi me ka ʻike ʻole i nā kūlana kauwela. ʻO kona kaila kikoʻī ma ke kua, ʻo ia ke aniani kilokilo nui ia, e kōkua ai i ka pale ma nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu aku.

No ka ola, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā baki a loko me ka hohonu o ka 20 sentimita. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ka loaʻa o kēia mau ʻano i nā mea i loko o nā kaila paʻa - nā loko, nā loko, nā loko, a me nā ʻano.

Ua heluhelu ʻia ka frog loko a puni ka uati, no laila, inā ʻike ʻo ia i ka pōpilikia, hana koke ʻo ia a hūnā i ka wai. Noho nō ia ma nā panila i a ahiahi, ʻoiai ke komo pū nei ia i ka hopu manu i kēia manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke hoʻomau ka hana ʻana i ka wai o ka loko no ka mea ʻaʻole nui ka loli o ka wai.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

He meaʻoluʻolu loa ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hana hou ʻana o ka frog loko, ʻaʻole i like me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hui ʻia me ka hele. Ke ʻano wela nei nā kāne, e hōʻike ana nā kāne i ko lākou mākaukau mua no ka moʻo ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ai ka wela o ka wai mai +13 a +18 degere. Hoʻomaka ka hīmeni, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā kihi o ka waha. Hāʻawi ʻia ka paila leo hou iā lākou e nā pōhā nui - resonator, kahi e hoʻāinu ʻia ai i ka wā croaking.

ʻ gatherkoakoa nā pōkole i nā hui, a ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi nā kāne, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hopu i hoʻokahi wahine i loko o kahi pūʻulu a hoʻopaʻa pū kekahi iā ia me kahi mea ʻole.

E hele wale ana kahi kūleʻa i nā kūlana mahana a mālama ʻia. Hiki i ka raka ke kau i 12 mano hua. ʻO ka lōlima o ka manawa holo hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi mahina.

Hoʻoulu nui nā tadpole i loko o ka wai, e ʻai ana i ka algae a ke kali nei no ko lākou huli ʻana i ka wā poperty, e ulu ana i hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi aʻe paha ma hope o kā lākou metamorphosis.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi puʻu

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

ʻOiai ka nui o ka frog lake, ua lilo pinepine ia i mau holoholona o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I waena o nā ʻenemi hewa loa o kēia ʻano, he mea maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā nahesa maʻamau, ʻoiai ua hana lākou i kā lākou meaʻai o ko lākou mana.

Lā pinepine ka polana o ka loko i nā manu o ka iʻa a me nā mammals. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ia ke alopeke, otters a me nā ʻīlio paha. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūleʻa keu loa no ka loko o ka loko, he ʻōpala a he heron. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻoe i ke kiʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻoluʻolu a lākou e ʻai ai, e hopu ana iā lākou mai kahi kōhao. ʻAi pū kekahi i nā rana. ʻO kēia mau iʻa ka loko iʻa, pike a me nā pike perch.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kiʻi ʻohi: Lake Frog

He kaiā nui nui ka iʻa o ka loko loko a noho i nā wahi lāʻau, ʻano like me nā nahele a me nā kekāhi, nā kāpuʻu, nā wao a me nā semi-desides, e koho ana i ke kū ʻana a kahe wai, nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko i kēia mau ʻāina kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i kekahi o nā ʻāina nā i kaulana loa kēia mau amphibia. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli kekahi kanaka e hopu i nā kānaka e aʻo, hana i nā hoʻokolohua a hoʻohana ʻia paha i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Hoʻohana ka ʻili o ka frog loko i mea ʻai no nā kānaka noho o ke kō. I ka manawa like, ʻai nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā iʻa, ma laila e pili ai i ka ichthyofauna o nā kino wai. No ka mea, makemake nā ʻelele o kēia mau ʻano i nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā nakahi a me nā momi no ka meaʻai. No laila, he koʻikoʻi ka ʻona o ka loko i ka mekala o nā meaʻai.

I ka hopena, makemake wau e ʻōlelo ka pahale loko o ka loko, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui loa o ka ʻohana o nā baki maoli, akā pono e pale nei. E wehewehe wale kēia i kona kala, ka mea e lawelawe maikaʻi nei ma ke ʻano he maikaʻi maikaʻi no kēia ʻano. ʻOiai ka maikaʻi o ka frog lake he ʻano maʻamau maʻamau, hopu pinepine ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao, lāʻau lapaʻau a me ʻike ʻepekema.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka frogs loko

Hiki i nā pōkā leʻa hāpua keʻa a me ka pō. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa a lākou e hoʻopau ai i ka wai, ʻeleʻele holoʻokoʻa a moʻe.

Holo, ʻeke a me ka palu i ka meaʻai, a hele i ka ʻāina e holo ai. I loko o kaʻauʻau, ka pāʻani nui i nā māmā, piha i ka lewa, ʻae lākou i ka palaka e moe mālie i ka wai.

Ma ka ʻāina, neʻe lākou i loko o nā kuʻekuʻe ikaika. I ka pilikia o ka pōʻino, holo lākou a lurk ma lalo o ka silt, i waena o nā mea kanu aʻai a i nā kaumaha paha o nā kaila umeke.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka baki?

Ke ʻai nei kēia mau rana i ka meaʻai ʻoihana, ʻo ka mea inika: nā pipi, nā ʻōpala, nā pīpī lepo, nā ʻūnū, nā ʻāpana manu, nā ʻūhā, nā ʻūhini, ka ʻūlū, ka cicadas, nā mea ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hōʻalo lākou i nā iniseti i nā lau o ke kahakai, ke kali nui nei no ka poʻe, a me ka holo ʻana i nā mea a pau e neʻe aku nei ma mua o lākou. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou ma nā mea e hoʻopili ʻia ana mai ka wai a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kapakai.

ʻAʻole hānai nā pōʻai a nāu i nā invertebrates wale nō, akā ma nā holoholona aku nō hoʻi - nā iʻa ʻōpio, nā moa o ka wai loko wai, nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. ʻO nā hihia hoʻi o ka hoʻouka ʻana o kēia mau amphibians ma luna o ka rodents a me nā nahe ʻōpio i ʻike ʻia! I ka wā o ka haki ʻana o ka iʻa, ua ʻakaʻaka nui nā rana iā lākou, a me ka like me ka nānā ʻana o ka tadpoles a i ko lākou iho ʻano, ua huli lākou e huli no lākou. No laila, ʻo kēia amphibian kahi kanaka kamaʻilio ikaika.

ʻAʻole ia i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea hoʻoliʻelima lawaiʻa o nā loko wai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi koke mai kekahi mau meaʻai i kekahi. Ka loli maoli ke ʻano o kā lākou papa i ka manawa, eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao nui o ka meaʻai ka mea inu mau.

Hoʻomaʻa ʻo Tadpoles i nā algae, a ma ke ʻano hope o ka hoʻolālā ʻana e hoʻomaka ai lākou e ʻai i nā holoholona holoholona, ​​e like me nā rotifers.

ʻaukala. Pelophylax ridibundus

ʻO ka'āpana āpau o Belarus

Ka ʻohana o nā Palaka maoli (Ranidae).

I Belarus, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kaiapuni, e ʻohi pinepine ʻia ana i loko o nā mea i loko o ka nui o ka nui o nā ʻōpū o ke kai.

Nā poʻomanaʻo i ka pūʻulu o nā baki lauma. ʻO nā nui nui loa i waena o kā mākou amphibians. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ka loa o ke kino he 10 cm. ʻO ke lōʻihi o ke kino ʻo 6 cm (5-8 cm), ʻo nā wahine he 5.6 cm (3.7–8.5 cm), ke kaupaona a hiki ke 200 g. kūloko holoʻokoʻa. Ua kāʻei ʻia ka eardrum. Maʻemaʻe ka ʻili.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa: inā i ʻūhū ʻia nā wāwae i ka ʻūhā a kau i ka pololei i nā koi lōʻihi o ke kino, a laila hele liʻiliʻi nā ʻekekinima i nā ʻaoʻao o ka pūlima, kūlohelohe paha nā kapuwaʻi ma waena o ka manamana pōkole, nā ʻokiʻi ʻōpiopio. e honi nei) i ka hina, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele. I nā kāne, i ka wā hoʻoulu, ma ka wāwae mua o ka wāwae mua, hoʻomohala nā thickenings - mauʻu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

Ma luna o ke kino i paʻi ʻia i kahi kala-brown-green me kahi nui o ka brown, brown, green a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻoliva ʻōuli. Aia nā wahi nuiʻeleʻele ma ke kua, eʻokoʻa ana i ka helu, ka nui a me ke ʻano. Ma ke poʻo a me ka puʻu, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā kānaka (a hiki i 90%) e noho ana ma Belarus he mau ʻāpana kūao o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻolaha ʻana (0.3-0.5% o nā specimens pilikino he zigzag).

Hoʻomaʻewaʻi ʻia ka ʻōpū o lalo e keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i ka waihoʻoluʻu, i ka hapa nui me nā heʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Aia nā hewa transvers i ka wāwae hind. Nā maka ʻōlani gula ʻōpiopio.

ʻO Larva, a i ʻole tadpole, māmā i ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻalani-pali. ʻOi aku ka lewa ma waena o nā maka i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau manawa ma mua o ka mamao ma waena o nā nostrils. Ma luna o ka lehelehe o ka disk disk 2-3, ma ka lalo - 3 mau laina o nā niho.

Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi kūlana littoral ikaika. Noho ka baki o ka loko iʻa mau, kūlohelohe (ʻoi aʻe ma mua o 20 cm) mau hale noho kō. ʻO ka hapa pinepine nā wāhine kahiko, nā loko, nā loko, nā ʻikepili, akā pinepine ka ʻike ʻia ma nā kahawai o nā muliwai nui a liʻiliʻi. Ma Belarus, ua palala ʻia ka ʻonikani kahikaua, ka laulima o ka lehulehu ma ka 1-2 a hiki i ka 300-550 mau kikowaena no 100 m o nā kahakai. ʻO ka helu helu nui ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka repubalika.

Hoʻopau ka pōʻai, akā ʻo ka hapanui i ke ao. ʻO ka manawa nui loa ka manawa maʻamau (mai ka 12 a 17 mau hola). ʻO ka ʻili nui i ʻimi i ka ʻāina ma nā kahawai o nā wai wai. I ka wai, e hūnā mau ʻia mai ka pōʻino, pakele mai nā waihona, nā peʻa a i ʻole mai nā lau o nā mea kanu aku. I ka wā hana o ke ao, hoʻopuʻi ka baki i ka umauma o ke kino i loko o ka wai. I ka pō, i ka mahana haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i pōʻino i ka maloʻo i waho, no laila hiki iā lākou ma ka ʻāina no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, kaulana nā ʻōpiopio no ka hana hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela, he nui ʻole ka hana a nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma kahi o ka wahine.

E like me ka baki a pau, e ʻai ka loko i nā mea iniketi like ʻole (68-95% o ka meaʻai), nona ka 27% i nā ʻano lele. ʻO nā ʻōlapa kūlohelohe (nā ʻalopona a me nā huaʻala, nā mollusks) a i mālama ʻia ka meaʻai maʻamau. I kekahi mau hihia, i ka wā e nui ai ka iʻa o ka iʻa a me ka tadpoles i loko o nā hale kō, e loaʻa ana i ka hapa o nā ʻano wai kaila o 70%; Akā i loko o nā kaʻiola kūlohelohe, he kuleana ka nui o ka iʻa i ka hānai ʻana i nā baki. Hoʻohanohano nui ʻia ka Cannibalism, akā hoʻi i nā wahi he nui loa, kahi a ʻo ka 98% o nā palake a me nā tadpole i ʻai ʻia i ka wā holoʻokoʻa. I nā manawa pinepine, ua lilo ka ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole like me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka palaka nui kēia e hōʻeha i nā mammals liʻiliʻi (nā voles field, shrews), nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā moa, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio (ʻoi aku ka ʻōpala ʻia). Akā, ʻo ka loli ke ʻano o ka meaʻai nui. Ma kekahi mau wahi, nui ka mana i loko o ke kai e hoʻokani ʻia e nā iniseti terrestrial (a ʻoi i ka 80-90%).

I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, ​​ua kiʻaka nei ka frog i kahi huaʻai sticky i mua. Hoʻopaʻa Prey ka hoʻoku ʻana ʻana i ka alelo e nā ʻōpala i lako me nā niho liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka loko iʻa ka mea iʻa i ka iʻa (pike, zander, perches, burbot), nā mea pīpī (nāhelehele, nā vipers). A lilo ia i mea pio o ka nui o nā manu (gulls, terns, grebes, ducks, storks, herons, inu, rodents, ravens, rooks, shrikes, julans and bird manu-pala). ʻO nā mommals, shrews, rats, wolves, fox, raccoon dogs, weasels, ferrets, minks, martens, badger, otters a me nā ʻāpana ʻʻai e ʻai ai iā ia.

ʻO ka wai loko o ia ʻano ʻike ʻia e ke croaking a i ʻole he ʻano nui e "warr." A i ʻole "crow". Eia naʻe, i loko o ka loko loko, ua hana ka hana a nā kāne ma hope o ka wā o ka hōʻola. I nā kāne, ʻo ka hīmeni ʻana i nā kihi o ka waha, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nā pōpoki hina - mau resonator e lawelawe ai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kani. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻo ka inoa Latin inoa ʻo Rana ridibunda ma Belarusian i ka manaʻo ʻo "ragatuha" a i ʻole ka "ʻakaʻaka" me ka Lūkia. Hana nā kāne o ka ʻeke wai i kā lākou leo ​​leo mua i ka wā i kahe ai ka wai i ka 14-16 ° C i ka wā o ke ao, ka mea maʻamau e hana ʻia ma ka hopena o ʻApelila. I ka wā hoʻoulu, kani ke kani mele mele a kokoke i ke ao holoʻokoʻa a hoʻopau wale ia mai 03:00 a.m. a hiki i 06:00 a.m. (ka manawa hoʻomaha).

I ka wā mālama, e paʻa loa nā kāne. Hoʻomaka ka helu a me ka spawning i ke kakahiaka nui ma ka mahana o ka wai o 15-20 ° C. Hoʻomaka ka spawning i nā mahana a hoʻomoʻi ʻia a pale ʻia mai nā wahi o nā ʻōpū o nā wai. ʻAʻole lō ka pōkahi i ka manawa like me ka wā: a lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o kā lākou huakaʻi a lawe i ka lā 30-35 mau lā me ka puʻupuʻu spawning ma Mei a me nā limu hope hou i ka hapalua o Iune i ka mahana o ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi o 17-18 ° C.

ʻO nā wahi i loko o ka puʻu loko he mau loa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kānaka e koho i nā waiwai hohonu no ka hana hou, kahi i hoʻonā ʻia me ka elodea, loko, loko a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mau manawa i loaʻa ka spawning i loko o nā kahe makiki liʻu liʻiliʻi, e hoʻomehana maikaʻi ʻia a kū kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka poʻe e hoʻomaka ana i ka hānau mua ʻana.

Pahuehu ʻia ma kēia ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar i ke ʻano o kahi ʻōpala i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ke kulu ʻana o nā membrane mucous i ka maka. O ka ʻāpana o ka huaʻa o ka wai loko o ka loko he 1.5-2 mm, a ʻo ka hua manuʻai he 7-8 mm. ʻO ka ʻāpana o luna o ka hua ʻeleʻele, a he keʻokeʻo. Mālama ka wahine i nā hua ma nā wahi (150-400 i kēlā me kēia) ma nā lāʻau kanu aku, ma ka hohonu hohonu o 0.6-1.3 m. ʻO ka huaʻa he 1032-6200 hua. Hoʻokumu ka wā hoʻolālā Caviar i ka wā mahana a me ka mahana o ka wai.

Puhi nā lāhili i nā lā 5-9, e hoʻomohala i nā lā 75-100. Loaʻa ka tadpoles i kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi a puni i ke kumu maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana waho i loko o kahi ʻano o ka lobes. Mālamalama ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula paha ke kino o ke kino. Ke kuhi nei i kahi 30 mm o ka lōʻihi, ʻoliʻula nā ʻōpala. E ulu a hiki i 80-100 mm. ʻO kahi manawa nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka frog loko ʻo kekahi o nā amphibians tailless. Pono 80-90 lā. Akā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā tulipola o ka loko o ka loko iʻoi aʻe o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mahana o ka wai maikaʻi no lākou he 18-28 ° C. Ma kahi wai o ka wai o 5-6 ° C, e pau ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā tadpoles, a ma 1-2 ° C lākou e make ai. ʻO ka nui o nā underyearlings e hemo ana me ka metamorphosis e kūlike mai 17-35 mm.

ʻO Puberty i ka makahiki 3 o ke ola.

Ua nui ka piʻu loko o ka wai ma lalo, ma nā hale kai like me nā wahi e noho ai lākou i ka manawa wela, akā i kekahi manawa e neʻe i nā wahi hohonu kahi i loaʻa ai nā kī. E like me nā hua baki, pakele lākou i ka manawa anu i ka pā o lalo o nā loko, i kekahi manawa i ka wā hoʻoilo, eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wela, ke waiho nei lākou no ka hoʻoilo ma mua, i ka hopena o Kepakemapa a ʻOkakopa paha, i ka wā o ka pā ʻana o ka wai ma ka 8-10 ° C. I nā loko wai ʻole ʻole me ka wai mahana (nā loko wai i piha o ka pahu wai o ka moku kāwelo ʻo Beloozersk) hana ikaika i ka hoʻoilo. Ua ʻike ʻia aia ka palaho o ka loko ma hope o ka hoʻoilo o 10-30 mau lā ma mua o nā mea brown, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻike kokoke iā Minsk ma ka hopena o Pōʻakolu i hele mai ma waena o nā wai wai i hoʻoilo ʻia ai me nā mauʻu.

Hoʻoilo

ʻO ka hana mau o ka wai loko o ka wai me nā lā he 140 lā i ka makahiki. Mamuli o ka hale, kau ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o ka lā hānau ma ka hope o Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa, a ala hoʻi i ka mahina ʻo Malaki-ʻApelila. Hānau nui lākou i hoʻokahi a i ʻole pinepine i nā pūʻulu, kanu ʻia i loko o ka siliki ma lalo o nā loko a i ʻole nā ​​muliwai ma kahi hohonu o kahi ʻole o 0,5 mau mika.

Palaka me kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ʻo wai ia?

Inā ka lawaiʻa ana, a laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua mālama ʻoe i ka nui o nā mau homa e kokoke ana i kahakai o ka loko wai a i ʻole ka loko. I ka manawa pinepine, ma nā wahi like kahi nōʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo "lake". Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka ʻohana frog ma ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka frog loko no ka papa amphibian, ke kauoha - tailless.

Kanikau

ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā polana lawaiʻa he mau ʻona, nā ʻona kūloko e ʻai like lākou, e hopu ana iā lākou mai kahi kōmao.

Hiki i nā manu ʻē aʻe ke ʻai i nā rana a me nā tadpoles - terns, waders, ducks hihiu. I waena o nā mammals, ua kūʻē ʻia lākou e nā martens, weasels, foxes, steppe hori, etc. ʻAʻole hoʻi lākou e makaʻu i ka nahele a me nā wai ʻole. ʻO kekahi iʻa, e like me ka trout, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia i nā rana a me nā tadpoles. Mawaena o nā invertebrates, nā ʻenemi o nā ʻōpala frog loko i nā pūpū manu, nā leeches, nā ʻōhule dragonfly.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka wai loko i ke ʻano, he aha nā hiʻohiʻona?

Aia no nā wahi kūlohelohe, aneane kēlā me nā wai wai i loko o kēlā me kēia zona (mai nā wao i nā ulu ʻākau) kūpono i kēia ʻaka. I loko o nā loko, nā loko a me nā muliwai - loko o ka frog - noho piha. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea āpau e hoihoi ʻia e nā kaaka ʻakaʻaka, nā kukui maʻa ka nui o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mai kahaha i ka ʻike ʻana i ka pūʻulu puʻupuʻu o kēia mau mea ma ke kahakai o kahi waihona kālā - no ka mau loko o ka loko ka mea he hanana maʻamau kēia.

Hoʻopili i ke koʻo hālama, ʻo ka ʻuʻī kekahi pūliki liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino

Makemake ʻo ia i nā wela wela o ka wai a me ke kaiapuni, ʻoiai inā i loaʻa nā hihia i ka wā e kūpaʻa nei kēia mau baki me ka wela o ka 40 kiʻekiʻe!

Hōʻike ʻia nā rana loko i ka nui o nā hana: ke ao a me ka pō. E like me ka hapa nui o ko lākou ʻohana, nā limana kahelani he mea akamai loa. Hāʻawi kēia kaha iā lākou i ka hiki ke hū maoli i lalo o ka wai ma kahi pilikia o ka pōʻino.

He aha nā mea e noho ai ka loko?

Loaʻa ka rana loko i ka ʻai no kēlā me kēia wahi: ma ka wai a me ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mea nui o kāna kōʻai ʻana he mau nūnū, nā inikini (lele, nā pōmele), nā mollusks, nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo ka nui o ka frog e ʻae ai iā ia e ʻimi pono no kāna "mau hoahānau", ʻo ia wale nō liʻiliʻi. Kū ka mea, loko o ka loko loko, me ke ʻano ʻole o ka naʻau, hiki ke hopu a kākā aku i kahi baki liʻiliʻi! Ma waena o kāna mea iʻa ʻia, aia kekahi mauhele liʻiliʻi a me nā kiʻi, nā moa hou, a i loko o ka wai hiki i ka mea lawaiʻa manu nei ke hopu ʻia i nā iʻa. Pehea ʻo ia e hana ai i kēia mau mea a pau? He polona uila ka polu lawaiʻa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia e ia a i kāna ʻatikala lōʻihi hoʻi e loaʻa ana i ka ʻala i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī.

ʻAi ʻia ka palaka me ka kūlike i ka wai a ma ka ʻāina

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kahi puʻu loko - ʻo wai lākou?

Malia paha e noho ʻia kēia mea paʻa a me nā loko wai i ke ʻano he nui loa no ka holoholona. ʻAʻoleʻo ia e ʻai i ka ʻai o nā kānaka aquatic (pikes, perches a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe), a me nā kamaʻāina ʻāina (nāhe, nā ʻelehe, nā wīwī, nā mea helehelena, nā minks, nā ʻōpū, nā mea ulaula, nā alopeke, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻūkini) a me nā mea wīwī i nā pihi (gulls, ducks. nā mea ʻuʻuku, aloha, nā puʻu, nā ʻūlio a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).