The reed or marsh harrier (lat. Circus aeruginosus) is family to Hawk (Accipitridae). ʻO kona inoa limahana mai ka hua'ōlelo Helene kahiko ʻo kirkos, ʻo ia ke ʻano he "pōʻaiapili". Hāʻawi ʻia ia i nā lawaiʻa, nāna i noho i ka maka i ka lewa, e ʻimi ana i ka waiwai. Eia nō naʻe, ua loaʻa aku kēia ala o ka lawaiʻa i ka maʻamau (Circus cyaneus) ma mua o ka mahina kahawai.
Mai ka hopena o ka kenekulia 19, ka piʻo nui o ka lehulehu ma muli o ka hana i hana ʻia ma ʻUulopa e hoʻoheʻe i nā wahi. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ke ola lohi mai ka makahiki 1970. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia iwakālua, 20-25 tausani mau nene ma Central Europe, a he 40-60 tausani mau pālua ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia. Kuhi ʻia ka heluna helu ma waena o 100-180 tausani manu makua.
Kālā
Hāpai ia mau haleʻāina no ka hapanui o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāpana komohana o ʻAsia. I ʻEulopa, ua haʻalele nā holoholona i Irlandia a me Northern Scandinavia. Ma ke kūkulu hema, holo ka palena i ka palena o North Africa ma Turkey a me Middle East a hiki i Siberia.
ʻO nā manu manu e hoʻohele ai ma ʻEulopa i ka hoʻoilo ma sub-Saharan ʻApika mai Senegal a hiki i Ethiopia a me Mozambique. ʻO ka wahi hoʻoilo o ka wahi hoʻoilo me ka waiwai me ka waiwai o ka mahina o ka mahina ma ka Poma o Africa (Circus ranivorus), e alakaʻi ana i ke ʻano nohona. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o Asia i ka hoʻoilo ma India, Myanmar a me Sri Lanka.
Holo ka manu ma ka hema i ka hopena o Iulai a i ka mua o ʻAukake, a lele a lele i ko lākou mau kuʻu a mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila.
Aia he 2 subspecies. Kuhi ʻia ka poʻe subspecies mai Western Europe a hiki i Central Asia. ʻO nā subspecies Circus aeruginosus harteri noho i Morocco, Algeria a me Tunisia.
He kupaianaha nō hoʻi kēia.
ʻO Marsh harrier kekahi mea i kuʻi ʻia i ka poʻe hoʻoheheʻe ʻēheu mai ka ʻohana hawk. ʻO Marsh marsh, kahi e noho nui ana ma nā ʻāina maloʻo o Eurasia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kāna kīʻaha a me nā hoahānau steppe. ʻOiai hiki i kona akamai ke hoʻōki pono iā ia mai nā ʻenemi, i kēia lā ua ʻike mua ʻia ia e hālāwai me ka manu i ka lāʻau i loko o kahi zoo a me nā mālama kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka ʻimi a ka poʻe lawaiʻa a me ka luku ikaika ʻana o kāna ʻano kūlohelohe - he mākaukau, hoʻololi ʻia a lilo i ʻāina ʻāina.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo ka manu, nona ka lehulehu e kūʻē nei, he aha kona mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano, e noʻonoʻo mākou i lalo nei.
Nā kikoʻī a me nā kiʻi kūʻokoʻa
Me ka nui o ka nui o ke kino mai ka 45 a 60 cm, ua hoʻihoʻi nā ʻēheu o ka mahina kahawai me ka waiwai he 1,5 mika. Me nā eheu ākea, ʻaʻole ia he mea kānalua i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mahina i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea nānā i kona lele lele ʻana. ʻO ka paona awelika o kahi kanaka e hōʻea mai 500 a 750 gram. ʻOi aku ka manu i ka lae ākea e lele ʻole i kahi kiʻekiʻe, akā ke aloha i ka lewa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā moʻo wahine wahine o ka ʻāpana o nā ʻōpio a loaʻa i kahi kala kala ʻeleʻele, me nā beige beige blotches ma luna o ka eheu a me ke poʻo. ʻO ka maka a maikaʻi loa ka male maikaʻi i ka palula kala, a ua piha i ka hina a me ka brown, nā keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele.
Loaʻa ka hulu o ka hulu o nā moʻo swamp me nā makahiki a kūlike i ka manawa o ka makahiki. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka beak i lalo ,ʻeleʻele i ka pena a me ke alo, nā kūloko like, he mea kōkua maikaʻi ia i ka hopu.
Kāleka: Circus aeruginosus (Linnaeus, 1758) = Pāpā [reed] lun
Hōʻailona: He manu e ʻai nui ana me nā ʻēheu lōʻihi a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. ʻO ka nui loa a me ka ākea o nā mahina. ʻĀnōnuhea nā pale ʻoiʻe ma kahi kala, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā mahina ʻē aʻe. ʻEleʻeleʻele ka kāne. ʻEleʻele ke kua, ma ke uhi ʻana i nā ʻēheu. He ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha nā ʻēheu, akā ʻeleʻele nā hope o nā primaries, e hoʻopiʻi ʻia i kahi ʻē ʻehā mau ʻāpana (he polele ke kumu, hina hina a ʻulaʻula paha, ʻeleʻele ka hope. ʻAno pāpaʻomaʻo paha ka huʻu me kahi tartar maʻemaʻe. ʻUlaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻōpū. ʻOkiʻou a me ke kua he poʻokela, me nā ala ākea o ke kala melemele. ʻĀnila nā maka.
ʻO nā wahine wahine he monophonic brown brown i ke kala me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu (ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele). He ʻulaʻula a he gula paha ke poʻo o ke poʻo a me ke kua. ʻUlaʻula keʻokeʻo paha ka ʻāʻī. He ʻulaʻula a he gula paha nā poʻohiwi o mua. Paʻa nā lā.
Kaupaona 0.4-0.8 kg, lōʻihi - 48-55 cm, ʻēheu kāne - 37.2-42.0, nā wahine - 40.5-43.5 cm, mau wingpan - 110-145 cm.
ʻO nā ʻōpio, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i ka kala, pinepine me nā palahaliki i ka pihi o nā pale a me nā kumu ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā pulu lele ma mua. Paʻa nā lā. I ka laulā, ua like ka wahine ʻōpiopio ma ka wahine, akā me ka pāpale gula a me kahi kala gula ma mua o ka poʻohiwi. ʻO nā kāne Semi aʻelemakule (i ka makahiki o 3 mau makahiki) me nā mea ākea palipiko palupalu a me nā mea helmsmen, pinepine me nā peʻa poʻomanaʻo o kaʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele e uhi ana i luna a ma lalo.
ʻO ka lole leona mua o nā pōpoki he melemele-keʻokeʻo, ʻo ka lua - me kahi wahiʻeleʻele kokoke i ka maka.
Holoi lākou ma ka haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka ʻāina, me he mea lā e nānā ana, me nā ʻaloheʻe ʻole o nā ʻeke. Hāpai ʻia nā wings (ʻano like me V), ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā buzzards (genus Buteo). Mai nā mahina ʻē aʻe (Circus ssp.) Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, nui maoli, a me nā ʻēheu ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ka ʻāina ma nā ʻāina māhuahua me nā mea kanu i hoʻomohala a ua nui nā wahi kaiāulu. Pāʻau sphagnum, i kū nui ʻia me ka mimik, pale ʻole, a ʻike ʻole paha i nā nests he nui ʻole lākou, makemake i nā lei lāʻau ʻoi ʻole.
ʻO ke kāʻei o ka moena ʻoi i ka nui o nā loko, nā wahi noho a me nā loko wai. Kamaʻāina ka ʻāina i nā ʻōpio kahi i loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano. ʻAʻole wale nā loko i loko o nā papala paʻa wale nō nā puʻu intra-lawa, akā, nā heihe nui hoʻi i kākoʻo, a me nā ʻano hemo hina ʻole. Aia nō hoʻi i kahe o nā wai kahawai me nā ʻōpio, i nā kino wai kahiko i nā ʻalāʻau ala a me nā pae lāʻau.
Ma ke ʻanuʻu alaʻu, ʻike maʻamau i nā ʻōhū, nā kahe wai a me nā mākeke paʻakai.
Nā Mālama
Ma ke ʻano he rula, aia kahi pā i waena o ka wai ma kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā lau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā kahawai lau, nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano maloʻo maloʻo o ka ʻula a i ʻole paha ma kahi ʻōpū, ma kahi hummock, kokoke i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka nui o nā lāʻau ulu.
ʻO ka hale hana ʻoi ʻia kahi pā hale manuahi ka lāʻau maloʻo o nā ʻōpala, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻoi, ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia me nā lālā wīwī. Aia i kahi o ka nāu o ka hāmeʻa, hiki ke pā i ka nui (ma kahi hummock) a i ʻole he nui i ke ʻano o ka cone truncated (ma ka wai pāpaku). ʻO ka ʻāʻī o ke kuʻi ʻia me nā kumu o ka cereals, sedge a me nā holo lio. Nā ʻona uila: diameter 42 cm, kiʻekiʻe 18 cm, he paepae ākea 20 cm, hohonu o ka pā 6 cm.
Ma nā pipi mai 3 a 7 mau hua, he pinepine ka 4-5 mau hua. Ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka kala o nā hua. ʻO kekahi manawa aia kahi mahele okē ʻona e ʻoka i nā hua. Hema nui: 42.0-57.0 x 34.4-42.5 mm, ka awelika o 49.59 x 38.49 mm.
Noho paʻa ka wahine, ʻoiai ke hoʻokokoke aku nei i ka pūnana o kekahi kanaka, haʻalele ia i mua a lele iā ia ma kahi mamao. Ke uhai nei ka lele ʻana, lele nā manu makua i ka lele ʻana mai ka pūnana a mai kaua mai.
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā nu o nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole i nā pūʻulu pōkole, inā ma nā pā nui iʻa a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻai ala-ala, ʻano like ʻole i 200 a 800 m, maʻa mau he 500 m. nā pālua, ma suboptimal - ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 km.
Loaʻa ke ola
Hiki i nā ʻikena o nā ola ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā koena o nā manu kokoke i ka wai, kahi a ka mahina i ʻaukaha i ka wahi o ka hopu ʻia, e noho ana i loko o ka ʻāʻī (ʻo nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe e ho'āʻo nei e pakele mai nā awhi swamp me ka mea nāna). ʻO ke koena o kāna papa ʻaina, he ʻumi hulu hulu manu a me nā ʻōpala āpau o ka manamana, kaawale mai kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole loko o loko. I ka wā o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, lawe wale ka mahina o nā manu, a lawe i ke kupapaʻu i ka pili.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kahi muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) i ka manawa holo ʻole ʻana e ʻai ai ia mea ma nā puʻu a i ʻole nā pahū ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻalaʻā o nā holoholona. ʻOi aku paha ka nui o nā ʻili o ka muskrat a i ʻole o ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī o nā iwi o ke kino i kū i waho. ʻAʻole loli ke poʻo o ka holoholona a ʻai iki ʻia kahi ʻiʻo mai kona kumu, ua ʻōwili a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka ʻūhā ma ke ʻāpana o ka likipital a me ka iwi haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka pouebebral kī pū kekahi i pili i ka ʻili a ʻāʻī paha, a kokoke iā ia. ʻO kekahi manawa ke haki ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāpana.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā honu o nā manu kokoke i ka wai me nā ʻūhā, inu inu i nā hua ma nā lehele o ka mea make, ma hope o ka haki ʻana i ka ʻū me kāna nuku.
He nui nā mālala, kūlike (ʻoiai inā i kau pū ʻia nā hulu manu), ʻeleʻele mau ko lākou kala, ʻoiai ke loli ka ʻōlelo ʻeleʻele, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka waihona. ʻAʻole like me nā mahina ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā koena iwi i loko o kahi pālake he 5-10%. ʻO nā pogodes nā koena o kahi muskrat, voles wai (i loko o kekahi polu nā koena o 2-3 o kēia mau holoholona), nā manu kokoke-wai (ducks Anass sp., Grebes Podiceps ssp., Sandpipers Tringa ssp., Cowgirls Rallidae ssp.). I nā ʻōlelo puʻupuʻu, nā ʻano o ka hulu manu o nā manu, nā pelemele a me nā lele manu e kū ʻelua mau manawa, ʻekolu mau manawa. ʻO ka nui o nā kuʻu he 6.0-8.5 x 2.5-3.5 cm. ʻAʻole like me ka makawai, ʻoi aku nā mahina ʻē aʻe e hānai aku i nā manu nui, ʻoiʻo nā pelo (e hopu pinepine ana i nā kahe Anas crecca & A. Querquedula meadow harrier Circus pygargus, akā oi aku kona mau wahi kamahao).
Hoʻololi ʻia nā alaloa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka kite (Milvus migrans), akā he lokomaikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o ka manamana lima hope ʻelua mau manawa liʻiliʻi - 1.5-2 cm. He pokole ka manamana lima ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao waena, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manamana lima ma hope o ke kua a i kekahi manawa ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 90o mai ka paʻi paw. ʻo ka axis waena o ka waena (maʻamau ʻo waenakonu a i waho o nā manamana lima ma ka ʻaoʻao papaki i kahi kihi kūpono). Ka nui pahu paʻi: 8.0-9.0 x 7.0-8.0 cm. ʻO ka laulā o nā manamana lima ma ka kumu he 0.7-0.9 cm.
Nā ʻĀina ʻike
Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi i ka nānā ʻana i kahi kamaʻāina mai kahi kiʻekiʻe. Hana ke ʻano o kēia ʻano hana i kēlā me kēia manawa, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hopena kiʻekiʻe loa i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana a i ka wā e hānai ai nā pipi.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia ʻano, hiki i kekahi ke ʻimi kū maikaʻi i nā nests o ka mahina kaila. ʻO ka pūnaewele i hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke loaʻa a hiki i ka ʻūhā. Inā ʻaʻohe o nā kumu lāʻau, nā hale hoʻowalewale mana, nā hale noho, i nā kaohi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana mau i ka hale o ke kaʻa e nānā i ka ʻāina. Mai kahi wina i kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pae manu a me nā kahua lawe. Ma hope o kekahi hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana, i ka manawa nui kahi pae palena a me nā palena no nā manu, lawe ʻoe i ka azimuth a nānā aku iā lākou. Ma ka hapanui o ka hapanui, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā moena ākea ākea, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke komo komo i ka ʻohe me ke kōkua o kahi mea hoʻokele satelika (GPS) a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻa i ka wahi, i hala loa i ka wahi i hana ʻia ai ka waiwai ma azimuth, me ka mālama ʻana i ke ala ma nā hoʻomanaʻo GPS , no ka ʻimiʻalani maikaʻi. Ke ʻimi nei i nā ʻuʻuku, kūpono loa ka hana like i ka ʻike ʻana o kekahi mea noiʻi i kekahi biotope mai kahi pūnaewele kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kumulāʻau i nā wahine makaʻu, a ʻike ka lua noiʻi i ka biotope ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mea mua a laila hoʻoponopono ʻo ia i kāna ala.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ʻo ka ʻāʻā ʻohe i ka nui ma nā māla a me nā ʻōpala maloʻo ma kahi kokoke i nā loko i uhi ʻia me nā waʻu, nā ʻohe a me ka ʻoi. Ma muli o ka luku ʻana o ka nohona kūlohelohe, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ʻai i nā pā me nā rapeseed a me nā mea kanu.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā manu i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi, akā hōʻiliʻili i kekahi manawa no ka moe hoʻokahi i ka pō. Makemake lākou i nā wahi ākea a hoʻokaʻawale lākou i nā pale ʻo ka nahele.
Lele manu nā manu hānai i luna ma lalo o ka lepo. Holo a ko lākou lele ʻana a loaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā mika ma luna o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. I ka lewa, hoʻāla ka swamp moon i kona mau eheu i ke ʻano o ka leka Latin V a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona mau wāwae.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka papa meaʻai nā momi liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā reptile, nā amphibians, nā iʻa a me nā iniseti nui. Hoʻopule ka poʻe make i nā moʻo manu ʻana ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā moa a me nā hua. Ma ka papa inoa o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka 70-80% e noho ʻia e nā mele mele, duck, nā hens wai (Gallinula chloropus) a me nā coots (Fulica atra).
Ma nā wahi me ka nui o nā rodents, voles, mauʻu hina, nā mea kuʻi, nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, nā hares a me nā muskrats e ʻai ʻia. I ka wā hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka mahina i ka paukū.
Hoʻopau ka poʻe make i kā lākou mea pio me nā puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi.
ʻAʻohe o lākou wahi mau no ka hōʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻai. ʻAi ʻia ka līlū holoholona ʻoki i kahi kūpono i kēia wā.
ʻAno hānau
Ma Malaki, hoʻomaka nā mahina marshy e lele i kā lākou mauʻano. Ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻea ʻana, hoʻomaka nā kāne i nā mokulele. Kū lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe o 50 a 80 mau mū a hāʻule koke i lalo a huli hoʻi a kokoke kokoke i ka lepo. I ka holo ʻana, hoʻokani pinepine ke kāne i ka meaʻai i ka wahine i makana makana.
Hoʻokūkū ʻia nā manu i maʻamau i hoʻokahi mau makahiki.
Noho lākou he wahi home i pale ʻia mai ka neʻe mai o nā hoa ʻohana. Aia kona wahi i ka hekahi hectektar.
Ma ʻApelila, kūkulu nā manu i kahi pā nahele i ke ʻano o kahi kahua me ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 1 m a me ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ke 50 cm. Aia ma kahi kahi i hiki ʻole i ka ʻāina nā mea kanu i waena o nā mākaʻu umauma ma ke kahakai o ka loko a i ʻole loko i ka wai ma loko o ka wai o ka ʻāina. No ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana palupalu o nā mea kanu.
Noho ka wahine i ka 3 a 7 paha i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole keʻokeʻo paha. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo ia iā lākou wale nō no 34-38 lā. I kēia manawa āpau, lawe mai kahi kāne mālama i kāna meaʻai. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka masonry, hiki iā ia ke kau hou i nā hua.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Chicks ma nā pae like ʻole. Ua uhi ʻia lākou me ka fluff keʻokeʻo. Noho ka wahine i loko o ka pūnana a hoʻomanahana iā lākou no nā lā 6-10, e like me ka helu o ka hua a me nā kūlana climatic. A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kōkua i ke kāne kāne i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai no nā keiki.
Haʻalele mua ʻo Chicks i ka nano i ka makahiki o 35 mau lā.
A hala ma kahi hebedoma e lilo ai lākou i ʻēheu. No nā lā 14-20 mau lā, kokoke nā pipi i ka pūnana ma lalo o ka mālama a ko lākou mau mākua. Ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, ka ʻāpana me lākou a hele i ke ola kūʻokoʻa.
Hiki i ka Winged Predator Habitat
ʻO nā kūlana climatic koʻikoʻi me kahi ea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole ia no ka mahina lulu, a no laila ke alakaʻi nei ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i kahi ola nomadic. Paʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina kahakaha, noho nā loilo ma nā lāʻau a me nā puʻu ʻē aʻe, ma ke kahe o ka noho ʻana. ʻO ka ʻōhule o ka holokipa ma ka ʻāpana o ʻEulopa: no ka laʻana, ma ʻEnelani, Pokukala, e neʻe nei no ka hoʻoilo i ʻApelika, Hema.
Ma kahi e maloʻo ai nā kūlana o ka wā, ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo i nā mokulele: nā ʻāina o Western a me Southern Europe, ʻo ka Middle East, Northeast Africa a me ka mokupuni o Hawaiʻi, ʻAmelika a me Australia. ʻO ka nui o nā mahina i noho ʻia ma Italia, a i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i hoʻonui ʻia ka nui ma muli o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā hoahānau "ʻākau".
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka moi he 48-56 cm, ʻo ka ʻili he 21-25 cm. ʻO nā ʻēheu he 100-130 cm. Na ke kaupaona ʻo 500-700 g, a ʻo nā kāne 300-600 g. He lōʻihi a wings a me nā huelo. Ua ʻiniki a kāʻei wale ka hiʻu.
Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka dimorphism seksual. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine. ʻO ka piko o ko lākou poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā ʻēheu iʻeleʻele a ʻalaʻula paha. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi kukui ma ka umauma.
ʻO nā ʻalihi he mau kua poni a me nā ʻēheu tricolor, i pena ʻia i ka lehu hina, me ka pale kukui i ka pupu waena a me nā ʻeleʻele. He ʻeleʻele hina ka hiʻu, he keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo a ke poʻo a me ka umauma. ʻO ka papa ʻeleʻele loa he brown brown. He melemele nā wāwae, aia ke alo maka a puni nā maka.
ʻO nā manu ʻōpio e like pū me nā wahine, akā nona nā poʻo ʻeleʻele me kahi wahi melemele liʻiliʻi ma ke kua o ke poʻo.
Ma vivo, ola ke kekele ʻo 12 mau makahiki.
ʻAiola a me nā ʻano maʻamau
ʻOiai ka pīhoihoi a me ka pae ʻana o ka lele, ʻo ka ʻāpana marsh kahi manu lele a deilei loa a me ka manu palupalu, hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ke waiho nei no ka mea ʻole iā ia. ʻO ka ʻili o ka moʻo e hoʻohana i ka mammals liʻiliʻi (rabbits, ground squirrels) a me nā rodents, akā pili ka wai kokoke i nā wai wai, loko mai o ka wai māla wai - ducks, baki, meʻa.
Holo aku ka mea hihiu manu, e like me ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka wai a i ʻole ka wai, e kiaʻi ana ana me ka huli ʻana i ka mea i pio, a me ka lele koke ʻana mai i nā ululā ʻo nā ʻulā. Hoʻoikaika ʻia nā moʻo manu ʻuʻuku o nā manu ʻē aʻe, e ʻai ana i nā hua manu a me nā moa i loaʻa, hiki i nā manu gape liʻiliʻi ke lilo i mea pio.