Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻAigupita kahiko i ka falcon ke akua Chorus - ka hale ʻoni kuʻuna o nā pharaohs. Ma ka moʻomeheu Inca, ua hōʻailona kēia manu i ka lā. Hoʻohui hou ʻia nā moʻolelo Slavic e pili ana iā ia me ka hōʻailona o ka wiwo ʻole a me ka hanohano. I waena o nā Turks, ʻo ia ka ʻuhane o ka mea nona ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai lilo a nalowale paha. ʻO kekahi o kekahi kaʻao i haʻi aku ai e hūnā ʻia ka mana o Khan Tokhtamysh i loko o kāna mau kiʻi ʻelua ʻelua. I loko o kaʻatikala, e ʻike mākou i kēia manu hoihoi a ʻike i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona.

ʻO ka wehewehe Falcon

ʻO ia ka manu lele nui manu o ka honua.. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ka falcon ke neʻe i ka lewa i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 320 kilomita i hoʻokahi hola. Hiki i kahi mea makemake makemake ikaika a ʻike i ka mea pōʻino i kēlā me kēia kilomita. ʻO ke ʻano o ka manu ma nā ʻ Latinlelo Latin e like me "falco", mai ia mai ka huaʻōlelo "falx", ʻo ia hoʻi ke maʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā e nānā ʻoe i ka falcon i ka lele, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka like ʻana o nā ʻēheu me kahi maʻi.

Kāleka

He kino ikaika ka falcon me nā ʻēheu ikaika a ākea. ʻO ka umauma ākea a me nā wāwae ikaika. ʻO ka beak kahi mea hoʻonani: kahi pōkole, pōkole e like me kekahi me ka niho koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna. Hiki iā ia ke ʻoki i nā ʻāpana o nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao a puni nā maka e hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi aniani wehe ʻole. Nā ʻēheu nui. He lōʻihi, ʻōwili loloa. ʻOkoʻa nā pākeke me nā hulu manu ʻōpiopio. I nā lapoʻi ʻōpiopio, pōkole nā ​​hulu a pau, a hāmama lākou i ka lele. I nā pākeke, ʻo ka flywheel wale nō ka lua, akā ʻo ka mea lōʻihi loa ia.

ʻO nā hapa nui nā koho ʻē aʻe:

• ʻO ka lōʻihi kino: a 60 cm,
• Wingspan: iā 120 cm,
• Keke: 13-20 cm
• Kōkuhi: 4-6 cm
• Hoʻokena o kahi ʻēheu: a 39 cm,
• Kaumaha: nā kāne a hiki i ka 800 gram, ʻo nā wahine a hiki i ka 1.3 kg.

He hoihoi! Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā falika wahine ma mua o nā kāne i ke kaupaona ʻana a me nā ʻokoʻa āpau.

ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ia he ʻōmole, brown a ʻeleʻele hina. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kiʻi ʻokoʻa pālua ma ka plumage o nā paleʻeleʻele. Aia paha e loaʻa nā puka keʻokeʻo. ʻĀlamalama ka ʻōpū a me kahi ʻāpana o ka umauma, he ʻulaʻula ʻia na ke kala, hoʻopili me nā pehina ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele i nā hulu manu e lele ai. Puhi me kahi pāpale uliuli. He paʻakikī nā ʻohana, ke paʻa paʻa i ke kino. No laila, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopilikia i ka manu i ka wā o ka lele, akā e kōkua i ke kūkulu i ka wikiwiki hou. Aia ka aneane keʻokeʻo maʻa, no ka laʻana, ma waena o nā gyrfalcons kūkulu ʻākau. Aia kahiʻeleʻele, aneaneʻeleʻele eleleʻeleʻele.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

No ka hānai ʻana, koho i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. Mālama ʻia nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻai ʻia ka Carrion. Ke lawaiʻa i ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻohana i nā hoʻolālā mohai like ʻole. Hiki iā lākou ke holo i lalo i ke ala wikiwiki loa, mai kahi kiʻekiʻe nui. Holo lākou i ka lele. ʻO ke koena o ka lā makemake lākou e hoʻomaha i nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻokahe i ka meaʻai. No nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai, koho ʻia nā treetops a me nā pōhaku. 'Aʻole pilikia, akā hiki iā ia ke noho i nā hale manu manu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou e hānai i ka honua.

He hoihoi! Makemake nā mea hoʻonaninani e hoʻonohonoho i nā pāʻani o ka lewa i ka lewa, ke hōʻike nei i ka mana a me ka nani o ko lākou lele. I ka manawa pinepine, e ʻike ʻia lākou i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana iā lākou iho.

Hiki iā lākou ke ala nui loa i ka lewa, kahi lele ʻole nā ​​manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokumu i kahi kāne a mālama ikaika i kā lākou "ʻohana" mai nā mea komo manuahi. Nā koho āpau i nā papa inoa. A hele wāwae ʻole wale lākou i ke kāhea ʻana o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, i hōʻoluʻolu hōʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻoilo. Hana kekahi i kēia i ko lākou ola. Mākuhi ʻia kēia manu, ʻaʻole like me nā mea hoʻonani hulu ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole loa ka makaʻu i kekahi kanaka a noho paha ma kahi o nā kānaka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā hoihoi a me nā kāʻei o nā lapalapa hopu. ʻ usuallylelo pinepine ʻo Ornithologists i ka falcon "beats" ka mea pio. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻano like ka ʻano. ʻAi koke ʻo ia i ka waiwai pio me ka wikiwiki. Pākuhi i kahi pupuhi ikaika me kahi beak maʻa pā. ʻO kekahi pā like i lawa no ka pepehi ʻana i kahi manu liʻiliʻi.

I kekahi manawa, like lākou me ka hoʻoweliweli i ka waiwai mai ka honua aku, ua haʻalele a laila hana koke ka falcon i ka lewa. ʻAʻohe ʻōlelo manu ʻole e pakele. Hana ka mea kō i ka mōhai ma ke kihi o 25 degere, ma ka wikiwiki a hiki i 100 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻAe like ka pāʻani ʻana o nā falcons me ka mea pio: hiki iā lākou ke "make" a waiho i ka hoʻopunipuni, akā, i ka huli ʻana, hāʻawi lākou i kahi hōʻeha hou a hopu i ka ʻai.

He hoihoi! ʻO Falcon ka mea akamai loa o nā manu a pau.

Ua pane maikaʻi nā manu i ke aʻo ʻana a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻia e nā kānaka. I ke aʻo ʻana, pono ia e hoʻohui i nā mea pāʻani i nā papa. Eia naʻe, mai poina, inā ʻo ka falcon e hoʻopili maikaʻi - ʻaʻole kēia he ʻīlio a he puaa paha, akā he holoholona hihiu formidable. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi i ka mea nona ka hōʻike a hōʻike pū i ke aloha, akā e koi mau no ka mālama kūikawā i ke kamaʻilio pū me ka mea.

Nā ʻano helu

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana falcon i ka 11 genera. I waena o lākou:

• Caracara. 5 genera: ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻulaʻula, mauna, peni, walaū.
• Nā Kūpono. 6 genera: ʻakaʻaka, ka nahele, ka papakū ʻAmelika, liʻiliʻi, ʻilihune, falcon (Falco).

ʻO kēia mau mea, ke ʻano o nā falcons (Falco) ka mea nui a me ka helu helu. Hoʻohui ʻia nā subspecies 40 hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui nui o nā ʻelele:

1. ʻO nā ʻōhuli - nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻalā o kahi kala ulaula. Aia kekahi'ōleʻa, akā ma ka Africa nui. ʻIke ʻia e like me nā mea lawaiʻa rodent. He 12 mau ʻano: ʻo Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius, Molucca, ʻumiʻumi hina, maʻamau, nui, ʻalopeke, ʻanuʻu, hina, ʻaukā, manuahi,
2. Егegloki - kahi manu nui a ʻōwili me kahi kala ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā hulu ʻeleʻele i nā pāpālina. ʻE haku mau ʻano ʻelima ma ka honua nei: ʻo ka cheglock a Eleanor, ʻAmelika, ka mea maʻamau, Eastern a me Australia,
3. Nā Kūpono - ka hui pūʻulu. Pākuʻi ʻia ke kālā, ke ahiahi, ʻulaʻula, New Zealand, ʻulaʻula, hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻĀpana, Altai, Mekiko, pōkole
4. Turumti ainā paha ka falcon ʻulaʻulaʻula– manu meā, me ka hiolo ʻōpiopio-ʻulaʻula ma kona poʻo. Noho ana i na aina o Inia a me Aferika.
5. Kobchik - kahi falcon liʻiliʻi, kūpono loa i nā ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano i ka kestrel. ʻAʻole kaupaʻa ka momona ma kahi o ka 200 kahe. He ʻōkiki a nāwaliwali ka nuku. Mālama wale ia i nā pepeke nui. Ma ka leʻaleʻa e ʻai ai i nā ʻenekia, nā ʻōpala, ka ʻūhini a me nā ʻiʻini nui. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ʻo ke kanaka manuahi i koho i kahi "hale" i haʻalele ʻia e like me kāna nano. Hiki i nā 100 ʻelima ke noho i nā pa. Hele lākou i nā haki.
6. Derbnik - ola i ka hapa nui ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina ʻEulopa. ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā ʻēheu pōkole a me ka huelo lōʻihi. Noho ana ia i na awawa kahawai, sphagnum bogs. Hōʻalo i nā pāpale lolipopo a me nā ululā nā pouri. ʻO ka hapanui e hānai ana i nā manu liʻiliʻi. Kahi mau subspecies e hiki ai ke hoʻonohonoho i nā nests ma ka honua.
7. Laggar - manu nui, nui manu. Hoʻohana kūpono me ka hoʻoiho. E hānai ana i nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻAi ka mea pio ma ka poʻe gophers, hares.
8. Saker Falcon - E māhele ʻia ma Asia Asia, Kazakhstan, Siberia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Kina. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea e hoʻopilikia kino loa ʻia. I ka lōʻihi ka uluʻana o 60 cm. Wingspan a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Hoʻohālike ʻia kekahi me ka burcon peregrine, akā uaʻokoʻa ia i kahi pale kukui o ke kala a me ke ʻano o nā ʻēheu.
9. Hoike Gyrfalcon - ka mea paʻakikī a nunui loa o nā falcons. Hālau a lōʻihi paha nā ʻēheu. Ke kaupaona nei ke kāne i pili i 1 kg. wahine e pili ana iā 2 kg. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi kuahi peregrine e kahi ʻoi aku i lōʻihi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ʻEulopa, Asia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Aia kahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe o nā gyrfalcons ma Altai. Aia i loko o ka Puke ʻaha.
10. ʻO kahi palcon Peregrine- ka manu wikiwiki loa i ka lewa. He manu nui, he ʻelele kuʻina o ka ʻohana falcon. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia a puni ka honua akāʻo Antarctica,
11. Shahin - kāhea ʻia hoʻi i ka wīwī no ka makemake o ke ola ma ka wao. ʻOi aku ka nui pā peregrine ʻokoʻa. ʻAno ke kala ʻana o ke kala, ʻōwili ocher. Hoʻokahi like ka hapalua o ka wahine i ka hapalua o ke kāne. ʻO ka paona o ka wahine i hōʻea i 765 mau mika, ʻo nā kāne maʻamau ke kaupaona nei 300-350 gram. Hōʻike ʻike.

He hoihoi! Falcon - hōʻike ʻia ke gyrfalcon ma ke kapa o nā lima o Kyrgyzstan. A ma kahi o 500 mau kālā ʻo Kazakh tenge a falcon i hōʻike ʻia - he seker.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho kēlā mau manu makeʻa kokoke i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻokoʻa o ka pou a me ka hema. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio wale nō e lele ma ka overwinter. Noho ka ʻūhā ma ka home, e neʻe ana me ke anuanu e pili kokoke ana i nā hale waiwai. Makemake lākou i nā ʻoniʻoni a me nā semi-deserts. Makemake ʻo Gyrfalcons i nā kahakai kahakai o nā ʻāina ʻākau. Ma ʻEulopa, ua koho ʻia nā mauna a me nā mania heer. Pau nā Peregrine Falcons i ko lākou ola āpau a hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi a pau o ka honua.

Faletie Diet

ʻAi i nā manu liʻiliʻi, rodents, pepeke. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā baki, nā nakahi, a me nā iʻa i kekahi manawa. E hānai ana i nā holoholona wela i hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia ma mua o kona nui. ʻAʻohe o ka mea pio i ke kau ʻana i ka falcon i mua a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hakahaka. Hoʻokui ka pahu beak, a laila uwahi ka manu ma ke kupapaʻu.

Nui! I ka pio, pono ke hānai i ka pāʻani, inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka falcon ke maʻi nui.

I mea e hana ai ka ʻōnaehana hana me ka ʻole ke kālai ʻia, nui nā manu e pono ai ka hulu a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻai lākou me ka pōmaikaʻi holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā lākou nā mea āpau a lākou e pono ai. I hoʻokahi mau hola ma hope o ka ʻaina, neʻe ʻia kahi ʻano nane - ʻo kēia ka mea nalo ka ʻōpala a nā manu.

Pono nā manu olakino i nā kīʻaha maʻamau, me ke kīnā ʻole o ke koko a me nā mea ʻono ʻole. I ka ʻai ʻana o ka home, hāʻawi i nā kiʻī, nā kiʻī a me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻoi ʻili, ʻaʻole me ka ʻili. Pili ma ka ʻano makahiki. ʻOi aku ka makua o ka manu, ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi e ʻai.

• I nā makahiki o ʻelua pule - e pili ana i 6 mau manawa o ka lā. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i ka hopena paʻakai nāwaliwali. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lawena o ka makuahine, e kōkua ana i ka pīpī e hoʻokaʻawale pono.
• Pae i hoʻokahi mahina - e pili ana iā 5 manawa i kahi lā,
• Hāpai a me hoʻokahi hapa mahina - 3-4 mau manawa,
• E piha i ka plumage - hānai 2 manawa i ka lā.

Pahu a keiki

Nā Kiʻi Monogamous. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu ʻia kekahi lā i ka wā hana. I nā manu e noho ana i ka hemisela hema, e mau ana ka manawa mai Iulai a ʻAukake. Akā no nā luna o ka ʻākau o nā falcons, e neʻe nei nā lā: mai Pepeluali a Malaki. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hula ʻoi ma ka lewa. Hāʻawi pinepine ke kāne i kahi makana i ka wahine i loko o kāna beak i ka wā o nā mokulele nani a kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi manawa ke nānā ʻoe pehea ka holo ʻana o ka wahine a me ke kāne i ka wikiwiki nui, ka hoʻopili ʻana i kā lākou mau kīwī. No laila, hiki iā lākou ke lele a hiki i 10 mau mika.

Ua koho pono ʻia ka wahi huna. A koho ʻia nā nooks palekana. E waiho ana ka wahine i ʻehā hua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka nui o ka wahine i ka paona, ʻo ia ka mea e hāʻawi ai i kāna keiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i nā mākua ʻelua. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ka ʻoi ʻana.

He hoihoi! ʻO ka helu o nā pēpē i kēia lā e hilinaʻi ana i ka lawa o ka meaʻai: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hua, ua kau ʻia nā hua he nui.

He mau mākua mālama makua ʻo Falcons. Mālama ʻia nā moa i ka pale. Akā, ke ulu koke nei nā falcons, ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pono lākou e haʻalele i ka nalo. A i ʻole, aia kahi pilikia o ka holo ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou mau mākua, ka mea e manaʻo nei i nā hoʻokūkū kūlohelohe i ka ʻōpio. Puberty i loko o kēia mau manu e hele mai i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Ko ka falcon he mau ʻenemi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻike āpau nui. Hoʻoweliweli hou nā pōloli iā lākou. ʻO nā ʻalā a me nā martens, nā ʻaihue a me nā ʻōpū i hao i nā ʻuʻuku, ʻai i nā ʻokiʻoki. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka falcon he kanaka nāna e luku i ka ʻōpio, hoʻopau i nā leʻaleʻa a hoʻohana ʻole i nā mea ʻala e hānai ai i nā ʻāina mahiai.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia manawa, ua kākau inoaʻia nā gyrfalcons ma ka Puke ʻĀina e like me kahi mea laʻala. ^ E Ha yM. Ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka Altai Falcon. ʻAʻohe mea iʻike i kēlā mau kanaka o ka Altai falcon i kēia manawa i ka honua nei he maʻemaʻe maoli.

Nui! Pahuau pū ka saker, hoʻopau ka lehelehe peregrine a me nā kestrel.

No ka manawa lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka falcon. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia me he mea hoʻolalaha kupanaha: makemake, ikaika a ikaika wikiwiki hoʻi. ʻO kēia manu ua lilo loa ia i hoaaloha kūpaʻa o ka poʻe nāna i hana i nā moʻolelo, pili ʻia i nā sagas a hoʻolaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he akua. ʻO nā aliʻi o ke ea, ka mea hoʻoweliweli hoʻonaninani a me nā mea ʻenemi heʻumi - e pili ana i nā palahala.