Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻike mua no ka gudgeon maʻamau i ka makahiki XVIII (Linnaeus, 1758) - ma ʻEnelani. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano lāʻau ma Lake Baikal (Georgi, 1775). Ma nā wahi a pau o kona nohona, he nui ka nui o kēia ʻano gudgeon. Ma Lūkini, ua puka mua nā ʻikepili no kēia ʻano gudgeon i loko o ka hana "Fauna o ka Lūkini Lūkini. Pisces ”(Berg, 1912). Mai ia manawa, ua aʻo ʻia kēia ʻano gudgeon e nā kānaka noiʻi (Berg, 1914, Nikolsky, 1936, Bogutskaya, Naseka, 1996)

Kālā

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua laulā nui loa kēia ākea, a ua kū mai kekahi ʻano o kēia ʻano i loko o kāna ʻano (Berg, 1949 a). E like me ka loiloi hou ʻana i nā minnows o ka huaʻa Gobio, ua palena ʻia ka noho ʻana o ka gudgeon maʻamau i nā kino wai i nā ʻāpana kahawai o ʻEulopa: Nui Grand Britain, hema Hema, nā kino wai i loko o nā kīʻaha o ke Keokeo, Baltic a me ʻĀkau mau a me ka muliwai. Volga. I loko o kēia laulā, ʻike ʻia nā lehulehu gudgeon e nā homogeneity morphological koʻikoʻi (Vasilieva et al., 2004). No laila, ma loko o ka ʻāina a noho kēia ʻano he ʻānina wale nō ma ka ʻauwai kahawai. Volga. ʻO ka hoʻohālike, ua ʻike ʻia kona noho ʻana ma ka muliwai. Tereshka a me kāna mau kaiāhu i loko o ka moku ʻĀina Radishchevsky o ka ʻāina o ka Ulyanovsk (Artemyeva, Selishchev, 2005), ma waena waena o ka muliwai. Kurdyum ma nā moku Saratov lāua ʻo Tatishchevsky (Belyanin, 2006). Pono e hoʻākāka ʻia ke kūlana ʻauhau ʻauhau mai ka mea waiwai o nā ʻōpū Don.

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole

He liʻiliʻi ka nui - 10-15 cm ka lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui. Lenei kiko ākea ke nānā: kahakaha ke kino, ʻūlū iki mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā lau nui. ʻO Snout elongated, puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa, hoʻopau ʻia ka lehelehe liʻiliʻi ma waena, ma nā kihi o ka waha aia i nā hoa o ka antennae i māla maikaʻi. Ma nā laina hope loa o 40-45 pae kaulike. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kino o luna ma nā kala ʻulaʻula, ka pulu ma nā ʻaoʻao, i uhi ʻia me nā palahala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeleʻele paha, i kekahi manawa e hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi kaula uliuli, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū. Lawe ʻia nā puʻu dorsal a me nā caudal i nā kumu pouriʻeleʻele. I ka wai, maʻalahi ka ʻike e nā ʻāpana nui, nā pectoral i hoʻomalu nui i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kino i kahi ʻano triangular.

Nā hiʻohiʻona biology

He hiki ia i ka wā popoki i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka hapanui o 8 cm.ʻī loa ka pae kāne a ka wahine, e like me nā ʻike ma nā kahawai Sura, Moksha a me Malaya Tsivil i ka malama o Iulai - ʻAukake, mea like a like a like (Artaev a me Ruchin, 2007 b). Hoʻomaka ka Portion spawning, hoʻomaka i ka wai wai o +7 ° C, ʻo kona wā holoʻokoʻa he 1.5-2 mau mahina. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka palupalu ma kahi o nā kauā sticky 10-12,000, kahi i kau ʻia ma luna o nā substrate paʻa i loko o ka wai pāpaku. Kūpono ʻia nā hua me nā palia o nā silt, nā mea kanu, a laila ʻike ʻole lākou. Holo nā pālule me nā pectoral nui a me nā maka pig pig. ʻAʻole lākou i pane i ka māmā a noho mau ma lalo loa no kekahi mau lā hou. Ma ka hopena o ka ulu e ulu ana, ua hiki i nā iʻa ʻōpio ke lōʻihi o 5 cm. Aia nō nā benthophages maʻamau: nā kīpī ʻōpala ma luna o nā invertebrates haʻahaʻa liʻiliʻi (rhizopods, rotifers), nā ʻōpio a me nā pākeke ʻai ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a me nā hua ʻai, a me nā hua iʻa.

Pescara: wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o waho

ʻAʻole loaʻa i ka iʻa iki ka liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai wai liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā heluna kanaka a me nā pilikia lawaiʻa, akā i ka manawa like ua ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi āpau a loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano gastronomic maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka nui awelika o kahi gudgeon maʻamau he 10-12 cm, nui - 15-18 cm.Mahiki, he specimen ke kau nei i ka 192 g a me ka lōʻihi o 22 cm ke manaʻo ʻia ka mea paʻa.

Mahalo i kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo ke ʻano o ka mea e like me kahi gudgeon me ka ʻole o kahi kiʻi. ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka iʻa e lawa no kēia:

• ka nānā ʻana o ka hoʻolilo ʻia i ke kino ma ka wahi o ke poʻo a i ka wahi ma waena o nā ʻāpana dorsal a me nā caudal fins, e like me ka spindle,
• he pale uliuli-uliuli o ke kua,
• he mau kāne ikaika o nā ʻōpio i nā kihi o nā lehelehe i luna e kū ana i mua,
• mau maka maka nunui i ka mua o ke poʻo,
• pono i kūkulu ʻia nā penikala pectoral,
• nā pihi ʻili me nā wahiʻeleʻele ma ke ala waena.
• ʻānā māmā māmā,
• i nā kaulike nui (40-45 mau ʻāpana mai nā ʻili o ka huelo),
• hale liʻiliʻi dorsal liʻiliʻi e kū ana i kahi ananaʻī maʻamau.

Kokoke loa kahi ola gudgeon e noho ana ma lalo. E wehewehe ana i ke kumu o ka ʻōpū e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka pālahalaha a ʻōlelo ʻia ka palahalaha. He hina a ʻeleʻele paha ka kala nui o nā pua.

ʻO ka pīhoihoi ʻana i ka pana

Ma ke ʻano maoli, he akahele nui ka iʻa, me ka mea i komo i loko o ka meaʻai i ka wai wai, pōkole, perch, asp, perch a me ka ruff. E pale iā lākou iho i nā hoʻoweliweli a ʻike i ka pōʻino i ka manawa, noho ka gudgeon i loko o nā pūʻulu nui, kahi e komo ai nā poʻe o nā makahiki like ʻole.

Mea ʻai

ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, makemake ka gudgeon i ka meaʻai holoholona a ʻai wale i ka mea kanu i kekahi manawa wale nō. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana o nā pākeke me nā mollusks liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates i lalo, nā larvae, nā ʻōpū, nā huaʻōlelo, nā hua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka lawaiʻa holoholona a me ka ʻauhau.

Hoʻokomo ka ʻai ʻoki i ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā pa, no ka mea, e ʻimi pono iā ʻoe i ka ʻai i waena o nā pōpoki a me nā pōhaku a i nā papa paeʻu o ka lalo. I ka wā o ka papa, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia iʻa e kahi alakaʻi ʻanekī "luhi". No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ke hōʻole ʻia ʻo ia iho mai nā mea predator i ke kaumaha i lalo o ka pae haʻahaʻa a nānā pono i nā mea i hala. ʻO ka wā e kahe mai ai ka wai wai i ka iniseti, huaʻai a liʻiliʻi paha i ka crustacean, paʻa loa ka iʻa e nā ʻāpana pectoral mai lalo, hana i ka uila uila wikiwiki, huki i ka ʻai a hū hou hou i kahi pā.

Spawning

Hoʻomaka koke ke kiko, hoʻomaka koke ka wai i ka + 7-8 ° C. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā wahine ʻōpū 3-4 i nā hua ma loko o ka wai pāpaku ma nā mahele o nā kaukani he mau tausani i hoʻokahi mau mahina, mai ka mua o ʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o Mei. Hoʻonui ka hoʻonui ʻana i kēia lula ʻana o ka gudgeon i ka holomua o ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui pū me ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kekahi mea huna i ka kūleʻa o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano pili i loko o nā hua. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopili paʻa wale i ka masonry i kahi pālahalaha paʻa, akā hui pū nō hoʻi ia i nā hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi a me nā mea haumia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o nā one o ka one.

Ma hope o hoʻokahi hebedoma, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpū me nā fins anterior, e ninini i ka lalo lalo e hoʻomau i ka ulu ulu ʻana. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, e holo ana ke kāne i ka meaʻai ikaika o nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi.

Pehea e koho ai i kahi a me kahi e hopu ai i kahi gudgeon

Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā loko wai me ka pā o ka paʻu (one one, stone, pebbles, clay). ʻO ka wai wai pāpū, nā papa wai pohihihi, nā pā kūpono i hoʻomoʻi ʻia a me nā poho hoʻi i nā hohonu haʻahaʻa e kūpono no ka lawaiʻa gudgeon.

E ʻoki wale ʻo Pecker i nā baits o ka holoholona. ʻO ka ʻai, ka palaoa, nā kīwī a me nā nozzles lāʻau ʻai ʻole, no lākou ke hoʻohana liʻiliʻi.

Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi poʻomaka honua he kohu o ka hao hao, akā ʻo ka mea i komo i loko o ka Red Book of the Russian Federation, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana i kēia manaʻo a hoʻohana i nā nozzles ʻē aʻe.

Ka Nani ka loiloi i ka pili koko, nā maggots, nā pā o ka drozenka a me ka caddis, kahi ʻōpala lepo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu ʻelua ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi a ma ka pai o nā lehulehu. Hoʻohana maikaʻi loa ka kohu i nā ʻāpana, me ka wā ʻole i kālai ʻia i kahi ʻoi lōʻihi lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole pono ke lawaiʻa Gudgeon. ʻO ka haole ʻo nā pōpō honua me ka hoʻohui o nā kolo ʻia a me nā kahe koko, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai i loko o ka wai, hana i kahi ao o ka uwi e lawe i ka iʻa.

ʻO kahi gudgeon maʻamau (lat.Gobio gobio)

I ka ʻōnaehana Yenisei, pili ka Sgeia gudgeon i ka iʻa maʻamau. Noho ana ʻo ia nui nā wai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko nui, nā kahe, nā loko a me nā wahi wai. Ma ka Yenisei, kū ia ma ka ʻAlani Arctic. Ua ʻike ʻia i loko o kāna mau kaʻi nui (Kan, Angara, Sym, Podkamennaya Tunguska, Lower Tunguska, Turukhan).

ʻO Siberian gudgeon - Gobio gobio cynocephalus Gudgeon loaʻa kona inoa no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana kahawai o nā muliwai a me nā loko. He kino elongated, puni a puni ka uhi, ke uhi ʻia me nā unahi nui. Ua liʻiliʻi kona waha, haʻahaʻa loa ʻia, me nā aniani o nā aniani i nā kihi.

Kāwewe ka kala o ke gudgeon. He ʻalaʻulaʻula kona kua, ke pololi o kona ʻaoʻao, me nā ʻāpana a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻulaʻula mai ka uhi gill a i ka hope caudal, i kekahi manawa he ʻano nui i loko o ka iʻa kahiko, e hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana pōʻeleʻele, ʻōpū nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā melemele a me nā caudal he melemele-hina me nā pōpokiʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke koena he hina hina.

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Gudgeon i kahi kūlana benthic. I ke kauwela, ma nā hipa liʻiliʻi, e mālama mau ia ma lalo, i kona mau wahi punahele - nā mākeke wulu a maikaʻi hoʻi i nā lole hoʻonaninani maikaʻi, a ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o nā lua ma hope o kahi hāmeʻe me kahi one, ʻōpala a me nā ʻūlū iki.

ʻO Gudgeon ka iʻa lauʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa e kue ʻole ana, e kaomi ana i kona ʻōpū a hiki i lalo. 'O ia nō ka hana ma ke ao,' ae 'ole e hele i ka pō. ʻAʻole ia e hana i nā neʻe nui. I ka hāʻule ʻana e hele nei i nā wahi hohonu me kahi lalo o ke one, a i ka hoʻoilo, ke kū ʻo ia i nā lua.

ʻO ka ʻānō ʻo Puccaria i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola, me ke kino lōʻihi o 7-9 cm a me ka wā o ka 6-12 g. ʻO kāna hana hou i ka hana i ka hopena o Mei, Iune a, inā paha, ma Iulai, i nā wahi pāpaku me ka lepo poepoe. He liʻiliʻi ka caviar, me ka lōʻihi o 0.7-0.8 mm, ua kahiki ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pebble-sandy a ma nā mea kanu. Ma muli o nā mea pili, nā lāʻau caviar i waiho ʻia i nā pōhaku, "puʻu ʻia" me nā sika liʻiliʻi o ke one a lilo i hiki ʻole ke ākea (ʻike ʻole ʻia) no nā mea kūʻai.
Kahi liʻiliʻi ka fecundity o ka gudgeon, kau ʻia ia i ka makahiki a me ka nui o ka iʻa a me nā hua he 3 tausani hua. I ka wā liʻiliʻi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāne mai nā wahine i ka nui o ka puna epithelial e ʻike ʻia ma ko lākou mau poʻo a me nā pā.

Loaʻa ka nui o nā gudgeons ka lōʻihi o 16-17 cm, ke kaumaha 65-70 g a me 6-7 mau makahiki (r. Turukhan, Kan). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā mea maʻamau, ʻo nā maʻamau maʻamau o 9.5-10 cm a me 13-20 g.

E like me ka hapa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā crustaceans planktonic liʻiliʻi a me nā rotifers ka kumu no ka mālama ponoʻana o ka gudgeon wai. Pālima ka iʻa ma nā ʻaluna o nā pepeke, kahi o nā kumulāʻau a me nā chironomids, a me ka mollusks a me nā mea kanu detritus, noho i ka wahi nui.

ʻAʻohe ona waiwai kālepa. Hoʻohana ʻia e like me kahi mauka no ka lawaiʻa no ka taimen a me burbot. He mea makemake kekahi e like me ke lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa punahele.

ʻO keʻano

He kino lehua ke keʻena, kahi i uhi ʻia me nā unahi nui. Iʻalo hoʻi ka waha, ma kona mau kihi he hoʻokahi antennae. Ua pālahalaha ka lālani, aloha ʻia nā maka. He kua uliuli-ʻula ke kua, ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōpū. Halahalaha nā wahi ʻeleʻele iki ma ke kino. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e hui pū ai i kahi kaula. He hina nā dorsal a me nā caudal me nā lainaʻeleʻele a me nā pupu, a me ka pua nā pectoral a me nā pua ventral.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻomaka ke kulilona i ka wā i hiki ai ka lōʻihi o 8 cm E hoʻomāhuahua i ka pō ma ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela kauwela (ʻApelila-Iune), i ka wā e wela ai ka wai a hiki i ka 15 ° C. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka spawning i ka manawa ma nā wahi pāpū me ka papahele one-one. Nā hua hua me ka ʻāpana o 1.3-1.5 mm. e hoʻopili ai i ka lepo. Manaʻo 1-3 kau mau hua. Hoʻolālā ʻo Caviar ma kahi o 8 mau lā. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻōpala a me ke kō i nā plankton a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Mālama ʻia nā ʻōhua e kokoke ana i kahakai, a ke ulu nei lākou, neʻe lākou i nā wahi hohonu.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO kahi kahi o kēia iʻa hiki ʻole i ka iʻa, nā muliwai, loko a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai. Inā e hele ʻoe i ka loko wai a ʻike i ka wai o loko, ua maemae, ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻi e kū ana, akā e kahe ana, a laila aia ke ʻano nui i loaʻa nā gudgeons i kēia loko wai. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i kēia iʻa ma kahi kahi e manawaleʻa ka lalo (ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, no laila ʻo ka inoa o ka iʻa) a i uhi ʻia me nā pebbs liʻiliʻi. ʻO Gudgeon ka ʻohana iʻa.

Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa

Hoʻomaka lākou e hopu i ka gudgeon mai ka hopena o Mei. No ka mea ʻo ia ke noho ma ke kahawai, ʻo ka ala maikaʻi loa i ka iʻa. I nā muliwai o ka gudgeon hopu lākou i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā mālamalama māmā no ka pili koko, maggots a i ʻole kahi ʻehā. Pono ke koʻokoʻo me ka māmā, hiki ke pane. Pono ka laina lawaiʻa he ʻūpono, me ka lōʻihi o ka 0.1-1.15 mm, hookole ʻokoʻa 3-4, e hilinaʻi ana i ka nui o ka nozzle, kahi kihi ʻano oval, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, māmā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka umauma a i ʻole cork, kahi sinker - hoʻokahi pellet No. 7.

Ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi me kahi o ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, paipai ʻia e hopu me kahi pākiʻi pilikino. ʻO Gudgeon ka iʻa ma lalo, a ʻo kā no ka pipi e mālama ʻia ma ka lalo. Hoʻohālikelike ka pīkoi inā he kiʻi iki ʻia ka nozzle ma lalo. ʻAʻohe mea hiki ke hopu ʻia ka gudgeon me ke kīwī lawaiʻa.

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau, ʻa ka lākou ma ka kahe koko i nā wahi hohonu me kahi papa waena. I ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka auhau, pono e hoʻoulu ʻia i ka wai, no ka mea, ʻo ke ʻano ke kahawai ka mea hiki ke hoʻokokoke aku kahi kahe wai lepo, a pono e hoʻokau ʻia kahi nū ma laila. I ka hoʻoilo, i nā wahi i hōʻiliʻili ai o ka gudgeon ma nā wili, i hopu ʻia me nā koʻī lawaiʻa pōkole me ʻelua mau pūliki a me kahi lawaiʻa kāwili.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i nā ʻano lawaiʻa o kēia iʻa ma ka ʻatikala "ʻatikala e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa" a i ʻole i ka lawe ʻana i kekahi o nā kiʻi hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ma kā mākou pūnaewele. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā puke a i ʻole nike paha ma ka māhele o kā mākou pūnaewele "Editions Mālama".

ʻAʻole lawa kāu kuleana e kākau ai i nā manaʻo ʻana. E kāhea ma ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole e kāinoa i kāu moʻokāki.

He ʻauhau

Kāleka

He nani a hiʻohiʻona hoʻi ke ʻano o ka gudgeon maʻamau, ʻoiai ke liʻiliʻi ka palette waihoʻu. He lōʻihi ia, wīwī, poepoe i ke kino lōʻihi, ulu ka lōʻihi a 12-15 centimeter. He iwakāluakūmākahi gudgeon kahi mea paʻa i waena o kona mau hoahānau a he mea nui loa ia, a keu hou, me kahi ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka nui o ka awelika hōʻea i hiki aku i ka 80 gram.

Ma ke kino o kahi gudgeon maʻamau aia nā mau dorsal pōkole a me nā palaka anal. I uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i nā unahi nui.

Aia ma kēlā me kēia kihi o ka waha ma ke ʻokeʻo kahi nui i haʻi ʻia. ʻO ka waha o ka gudgeon he mau lālani ʻelua o nā niho niho pharyngeal conical, i loko o ke kaʻe. ʻO kona laulā he pālahalaha loa a ulaula, me kahi maka hemo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka iwi ʻolo ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao o luna a he helehelena hiʻohiʻona. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo he mau maka ʻelua, ʻulaʻula.

ʻO ke kino o kahi gudgeon maʻamau he kā hoʻi i ka pali, ka pulu ʻulaʻula. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā kaila melemele o ka ʻōpū o nā wahiʻeleʻele, pinepine i ka pā. Ma kahi ʻaoʻao aia lākou mai ka ʻeono a i ka ʻumikumamālua, ma muli o ka nui a me ka makahiki o ka holoholona. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻāpana ma lalo o ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ke kala kala, a me ka pectoral, ventral a me nā anal anal i paʻi ʻia i ka hina hina-keʻokeʻo me kahi paʻu brownish. ʻO nā dorsal a me nā caudal fins brown brown me nā wahi ʻeleʻele. ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia me ka wā o ka makahiki, loli ke iʻa i kona kala, ke hala ʻana mai kahi pale pālahalaha i kahi uliuli. He mea like paha ia i ke ʻano kūleʻa ʻana e kōkua i ka poʻe ʻōpio e ola i nā kūlana o ka nānā nui ʻana mai ka iʻa nui nui.

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola a kahi gudgeon

ʻO ke ola o kahi gudgeon maʻamau ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻewalu a ʻumi paha mau makahiki. Akā ʻo ka hapa pinepine o ke ola iʻa o ka iʻa ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki o 3-5, i hoʻolako ʻia i ka pīpī helpless e hoʻokele i ka laina o ka makahiki 1. I ka manawa like, hiki ke mālama ʻia i ka iʻa mai kahi kaila wai kūlohelohe i nā kūlana wai aku, ke ola nei ma waena o 2 a 3 mau makahiki.

ʻO Habitat, noho

Noho ka gudgeon maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana wai e kahe ana i loko o ka moana Atlantika hikina, kahi ʻĀkau nui a me nā kīʻaha Baltic Sea. ʻO kēia mau wai ka wai punahele ʻo Loire a me nā kahe wai ma ka hikina, ʻo UK a me Rhone nā kahawai, ka Danube luna a me ka Middle and Upper Dniester, a me ka Bugai Dnieper ka wai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka Pihi. ʻAʻole nō i mālamalama ʻia ke kumu o ka pālahalaha nui o ka iʻa, akā mau ka mea ʻike ʻia i nā loko, nā ʻāpana a me nā kahawai o nā nui āpau, he pākī nāhelehele a i ʻole ka wai kahakaha.

Ke kahakai ka Atlantika, nā ʻōpū o ke Kai Akau a me Baltic, mai ka kahawai Loire a hiki i ka Hikina, East Great Britain, nā kahawai a Rhone a me Volga, nā Danube luna a me nā paona waena a me ka waena o Dniester a me Dnieper e hoʻopiha maoli ʻia i kekahi nui me kēia mea predator. Hāʻawi ʻia ia i East and Northern Italy, Ireland, Wales a me Skotlandia. ʻAkuhi nā palena hikina a me ka hema. ʻO nā pōkole mai ka Iberian Peninsula a me ke awa ʻo Adur River ma Palani Hema o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Lausanne. ʻO nā populana ʻo ke Caspian basin hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kaʻai ʻana o kahi gudgeon maʻamau

ʻO ka hānai maʻamau o nā minnows maʻamau i nā mea āpau i loaʻa mai ka lalo o ka waihona kālā. Hiki i ka meaʻai ke ʻano o nā mea kanu a i ʻole mai kahi holoholona. Akā ma ka mea he lawaiʻa ka iʻa, nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka honua holoholona e pāʻani i ka waiwai nui i ka papa inoa. Aia ka papa inoa i nā ʻoka o nā namaka, nā invertebrates benthic, nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, nā daphnia, nā cyclops a me nā mea inikini. I ka wā kahalaha - i ka pūnāwai, hiki i ka mea kūʻai keʻai ma ka hua o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. E ʻimi ana ka minnow i ka meaʻai ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻōpala o ke one, e hoʻohana ana i ka antennae e hana ana me ka vibrissas e ʻimi.

Ma nā wahi me nā ʻono lawa, ʻo kēia iʻa maʻa nei e hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻohālua. Hūnā ma ke kaumaha liʻiliʻi, hiki i kahi gudgeon ke kali iki no kahi crustacean liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ʻo ka pipi ʻaʻa e ka, hopu a ʻai.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

Eia naʻe, ma ka hihiu ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia no kēlā mea nui e ka mea nui e ʻai i ka nāwaliwali a me ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO Gudgeon ka mea pio o ka nui o ka ʻai iʻa, e like me ka Eurasian otter, carp, pike a i ʻole kingfisher maʻamau. ʻOiai ka mea ʻole o ka iʻa liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hoʻopiha i nā pono meaʻai o kahi mea koho nui, hoʻokani ʻia ia i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano minnows, ʻo ia kā ko lākou ʻānai ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka huki ʻana no lākou e ʻoi aku ka mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, no ka mea inā lawe ʻoe i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, hiki iā ʻoe ke haki i loko o ka ʻeke, ka ʻohi ʻana i kekahi mau kānaka i hoʻokahi manawa. Huli ʻoi ke hoʻomāhaʻaka hou i nā manawa like ʻole me ke kāi manu, a laila maʻalahi ke hoʻomau i ka ʻai me ka ʻole, me ka ʻohi wale i nā mea i hāʻule. Ke kikowaena o ʻEulopa, ma nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, pili ka minnow a i ka 45% o kaʻai o kēia mea noho wai. Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, e helu ana kēia helu mai 25-35%.

Akā, ʻaʻole wale ka iʻa a me ka otters i ka ʻahaʻaina i ka minnier. Hiki i ka Crayfish ke hōʻeha i ka lehulehu ma o ka luku ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōpio e ʻike palupalu, ʻoiai kekahi mau manawa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ke holo nei ma lalo.

Hiki mai ka hoʻoweliweli ma ka lewa, a me ke kahakai. Hāpai nui nā pākeke nui i nā meaʻai no nā manu o nā mea ʻala a me nā mea liʻiliʻi kai ʻāina. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai kekahi waiwai liʻiliʻi o ke kālepa ʻana, ua hopu ʻia ka gudgeon e nā lawaiʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i nā haneli haneli o kēlā me kēia kookoi lawaiʻa maʻamau me kahi maunu nīnū. I mea e kiʻi ai i kahi gudgeon, pono wale ʻoe i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kaula i lalo loa, a loli koke ʻo ia i ka meaʻai e ʻike ʻia ma ka pa.

ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa

He waiwai hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā ʻole ka waiwai nui. ʻOiai me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻaʻa kanaka. ʻAʻohe kupono kāna ʻiʻo ke kūʻai aku, me ka mea liʻiliʻi ka iʻa, a ʻo ka ʻiʻo ʻoi iho ka bony. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke mai, akā hiki ke pale ʻia ka pua. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia iʻa no ka hoʻoulu kūlohelohe no nā kumu like. ʻO kekahi mau manawa pinepine, ua lilo kekahi gudgeon i mea e ʻimi ai i ka hoʻoilo a hopu ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻano he moena no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa, nui no ka iʻa no ka pono, pike, carp, carp, a iʻa paha. Eia kekahi, hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa ʻano nani. Ua makemake lākou i ka wai kūlohelohe maʻamau a nui ka meaʻai. Hoʻoikaika ka minnow i loko o ka aquarium me ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki ʻana, ʻoiai inā loaʻa lākou mai ka hihiu a ʻoi aku paha i ka wā ʻelemakule paha.

ʻOiai me ka haʻahaʻa o ka iʻa no ka meaʻai, e mau no ke kō ʻana o kāna mau waiwai pono. Ka waiwai ʻo Gudgeon i nā minelala a me nā mea ponoʻai. Loaʻa nā huaora o nā hui A a me D, calcium, selenium, phosphorus a fluorine. Loaʻa pū kekahi iodine a me nā Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid i ka ʻai gudgeon.

Ke kolo nei, loaʻa ka iʻa ma hope ke ʻano maikaʻi, a me ka hoʻohana maʻamau ka mea ia i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka olakino o ka puʻuwai a me nā kīʻaha koko, ke ʻano o ka hihiʻo, ka ʻili, nā iwi a me nā niho. ʻO ka iodine i loko o ka iʻa kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i ka mokuʻala o ka kelepaʻi thyroid. ʻAʻole pono wale ka ʻai, akā heʻuʻuku momona haʻahaʻa, e hana ai i ke kumu maikaʻi loa o nā waiwai maikaʻi ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai no ka pohō o ke kaupaona ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma hope o kahi maʻi.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻIke - ua ʻelemakule kahiko nā mea, ua puka lākou ma mua o 520 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua like ka nui o lākou o ka puaa ma mua o nā iʻa, akā ma laila, 420 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua kū ka papa papa o nā hihi - he ʻano like me kēia o ka iʻa i kēia wā.

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ka nui o ka iʻa e noho nei i ka honua i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka gudgeon, nona ka hihi e lawehala. Akā i kēlā me kēia mau haneli mau makahiki i hala, ua hele lākou i ke ala kaʻanalaka lōʻihi, ma ka manawa mua ua lilo nā ʻano manuahi i noho ai i ko mākou honua i ka manawa Paleozoic, a laila ua lilo nā luna o ka auo Mesozoic iā lākou.

Wikiō: Gudgeon

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau lā, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā "minamina ola" i kū mai, i ka wā Cenozoic, pili loa kēia i nā iʻa. ʻO lākou ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka kāohi i ka wai i kēlā manawa, a ʻo ka mea mua, he hale waiwai o nā bony - ua kāʻili ʻia ka mana ma luna o nā hiu.

Maʻe wale nō e kū mai ai nā cyprinid mua - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻohana ka minnows. Ua lilo he 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka hiki ʻana o nā gudgeon i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia no ke kiʻi ʻana mai i ka huina makahiki he 1 miliona mau makahiki, akā he mea hiki ke mua i kēia hana.

ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī nāna i ʻōlelo ʻo JL. de Cuvier i ka makahiki 1816, loaʻa ka inoa iā Gobio. Nui nā ʻano he nui a hoʻomau ʻia e wehewehe hou i kēia mau mea hou. No ka laʻana, aia ma ka 2015 he wehewehe ʻepekema o nā ʻano tchangi i hana ʻia, a he makahiki i hala ma hope, artvinicus.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka gudgeon?

Kuhi: Gudgeon ma ka muliwai

E māhele ʻia ma ka ʻākau ʻākau o ʻEulopa: hiki ke loaʻa ma ka aneʻi o kēlā me kēia kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai o ka Moana Artctic. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau kaila āpau e ka ʻike i ke anuanu ko lākou mau wai - he ʻano kūpono kēia o nā minnows. No ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou i maʻamau i loko o nā kahawai wela o ʻEulopa hema, e lawe ana i ka wai i ke kai Mediterranean - ʻoi aku lākou i mua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.

Eia nō naʻe, noho lākou i kekahi o nā kahawai o ka papu Mediterranean, no ka laʻana, i ka Rhone. Noho pū nā wai o ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻeleʻele: Danube, Dnieper, Dniester. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o nā kahe o Rū ma ke komohana o nā Kaiā Ural, e like me ka Volga, Don a me Ural.

Noho lākou i nā wai o Scandinavia. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻia lākou ma Scotland, Irlandia a me Italia, i hoʻonui ʻia a lilo i kēia mau kamaʻāina ʻokoʻa o ka noho ʻana ma laila. Ma ka māhele ʻāpana o ʻAsia o Rusia, ua ʻike ʻia lākou a hiki i Primorye, a ʻike ʻia lākou i loko o nā hale ʻai ʻona o Central Asia.

Hoʻopili ia i ka ea wai, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu pono ʻia nā loiloi e hoʻopili ʻia nei nā gudgeons: ʻike ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai mauna pā, a me nā kahawai hoʻi, ʻike ʻia lākou i nā loko nui a i nā loko liʻiliʻi. Kūpono wale nō ʻike ke hiki ke hālāwai me lākou ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka oxygen.

Aloha nō hoʻi lākou i nā loko wai me nā ʻōpala i hōʻāhaʻi ʻia. Noho lākou ma ka lalo o ka wai pāpaku, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noho ʻana ma kahi o lāua i hānau ai, inā kūpono a lawa hoʻi ka hānai. ʻOiai inā e neʻe ʻoe (ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka hana a ka ʻohana holo i ka manawa hoʻokahi), ʻaʻole lākou e huakaʻi i kahi mamao lōʻihi, akā he kilomita wale nō paha.

Pēlā lākou e hele ai i nā wahi hohonu, e ʻimi ana i kahi e maha ai ka ʻoluʻolu i ka wā i uhi ʻia ai ka wai e ka wai. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loko e hoʻokaʻawale, ʻike pinepine kekahi i nā pūʻulu o nā minnows e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā kī, kahi e hoʻomau ka wai. A hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻimi i nā wahi i kūkaʻi ʻole me ka wai oxygenated.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo lākou e ʻike i kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ka wai: hele lākou i ka loko a i ʻole nā ​​loko wai, hiki ke ʻauʻau i ka wai ma lalo a i ʻole e huli i nā punawai wela. Hōʻalo pinepine lākou e waiho wale i nā lua i ka lalo a me nā lua ma lalo o ka siliki. Inā kū ka minnows i loko o ka loko me ka wai maʻemaʻe, a laila ua kīpī ʻia i loko o ia mea i loko o hoʻokahi mau makahiki, akā i ka manawa ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i ka nui o kahi kahawai.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai nā gudgeon?

Kiʻi: Gudgeon maʻamau

Ka loko aʻe o ka ʻai gudgeon:

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, he lawelua kēia iʻa, a makemake nui e ʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka Minnow ke ʻai i ka meaʻai mea kanu, akā ma ka mea liʻiliʻi, a mālama nui iā lākou iho e ka hopu, hiki ke lawe ʻia aʻe mai kakahiaka a ahiahi. Hoʻolilo ka manawa i kēia manawa i ka nānā ʻana i ka lalo, e ʻimi ʻimi i ka mea pio, i kekahi manawa ua ʻeli lākou iā lākou, ke manaʻo nei lākou i nā mea āpau me ke kōkua o nā antennae i hoʻokaʻawale, mai kahi mea ʻaʻole e hūnā.

ʻO kekahi manawa hiki i nā minnows ke hoʻohālua ma kahi o ka mea e wikiwiki nei ka manawa e lawe ai i ka nui. Ke peʻe nei lākou ma hope o ka kahawai, e kekahi pōhaku, e kali ana no kahi pākaʻi a i ʻole kekahi mollusk e hele ʻia, a ke kali nei lākou, hopu lākou iā ia.

I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela kakahiaka, i ka wā i hala ai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e haki nā minnows i ka ʻai ʻana i ka caviar a me ka pākaʻi, no ke kumu ʻimi e ʻimi iā lākou a holo pinepine ʻo ia i kēia mau huli mai ka lalo, a i kekahi manawa ma ka maka. Ua hoihoi ʻia nā mea noʻonoʻo e ka neʻe, a no laila, e hoʻomakei iā lākou, maʻamau ka balamamute ka wai.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻoiai ke hoʻohana pinepine nei nā kānaka i nā minnows iā lākou iho no ka meaʻai, ʻae maikaʻi lākou: he nui nā huaora a me nā minela o kā lākou ʻai, a me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i ka hopena maikaʻi loa ma ka pae o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, iwi a me nā ʻili. ʻO lākou ka nui o ka iodine, nā mea e kōkua o ka pilikia me ka gland thyroid. Ma ka manawa like loa, ʻo ka momona o nā momona o ka ʻiʻo ke gudgeon ka mea liʻiliʻi loa, no laila e hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā o kahi meaʻai a i ka wā e hoʻōla ai paha i kahi maʻi.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: ika Gudgeon

Hoʻohana pinepine nā minnows i ke ao, ʻimi mau lākou i ka ʻai, ʻoiai ʻo ia ma lalo, akā i ka wai pāpaku. Loaʻa ka manawa nui o ka hopu ʻana iā lākou e kokoke ana i kahi pae pōhaku a i ʻole kahakai. I ka pō, hoʻomaha ka minnows, e hoʻopili ana i ka lalo me nā peʻa, i ʻole hiki i ka mea hou ke puhi iā lākou i ka wā i hana ʻole ʻia ai.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hele ʻana o ka lā, hūnā lākou i waena o nā mea kanu kokoke i nā hale kuʻi, no laila i kēia manawa kūpono ke hopu iā lākou inā ʻoe e ʻike i kēlā mau wahi. Akā ʻaʻole i nā manawa pinepine: inā noho ka poʻe wānana ma kahi kokoke i nā minnows, hānai iā lākou a ikaika hoʻi i ka lā, hoʻāʻo lākou e moe i lalo a hele i ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai ma hope, i ke ahiahi.

ʻIke lākou i ka pōʻeleʻele, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ka nui o ka manawa i loaʻa iā lākou, a ke hāʻule ka lua o ka hana i ke kakahiaka. ʻO kēlā mau hoʻololi i ka pau ʻana o ke ao e kōkua nui i ka huki ʻana i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia, akā pono ia inā ʻai ka hapa a i ʻole iʻa i ka iʻa i ka waihona kō, kahi e ola ai i ke kakahiaka.

Hiki iā Pescaras ke holo wikiwiki koke, me ka hiki ʻana i ke kaona ikaika, akā ʻaʻole i hōʻike pinepine i ka ikehu i manaʻo ʻia mai ia iʻa i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi: makemake lākou i ka hoʻomaha a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā kala ʻole, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu pū me kahi ʻupena.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I nā lā wela o ke kauwela, lilo nā minnows i mau kapa a pilau. I loko o ka wela wela, ma hope koke o ka lā awakea, hoʻomaha lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahi o kekahi pōhaku, e waiho nei me ka neʻe ʻole, no ka mea i kapa ʻia lākou he mau kolamu.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi ʻO: Pescara ma Lūkia

Ma ka awelika o 3 mau makahiki he mau mākēneka i mākaukau no ka hoʻoulu. I ka manawa like, e like me ma mua o ka wā ma mua, ke hoʻomau nei lākou i ka hui. I loko o kēlā meakanā o nā minnows, nā iʻa o nā makahiki āpau e hoʻopili pū, e hoʻohui i ka manawa e ola ai i ka wā i haki ʻia e kahi mea kūʻai.

No laila ua hiki i kahi o lākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻouka ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe kaukauhewa ke kūʻē i kēia manawa i ka manawa hoʻokahi, inā he nui wale nō lākou, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapa nui o ka pā. Akā ʻo ka mea a ka poʻe minnows i ʻike ʻole ai, ua hopohopo kekahi mau mea ākea e ko lākou ʻohana e ola ana: ka ʻimi ʻana no ka miniona no ke ʻano he nui ʻole i ka iʻa nui, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu iā ia i kekahi mau manawa.

Hoʻopili ke kūleʻa i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. I nā latina mahana, hiki kēia ke hana i ʻApelila, a ma ka ʻākau i Iune wale nō. ʻAʻole mau ka spawning i kahi manawa, akā i loko o nā ʻeke a hiki ke lōʻihi a hala i ʻelua mau mahina. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine wahine ke waiho mai 8 a 13 tausani hua. Hana ʻo ia i kēia ma kahi o kahi āna e noho ai, a ma ka wai pāpaku hoʻi. Ma muli o ke kau ʻana o nā hua manu, ke pīhoihoi nei ka minnows i ka ʻano o nā mea kuʻuna a lawe ʻia e ʻai i nā hua a me nā minnows, ʻo ia ke kumu i hōʻino loa ai iā lākou i kēia makahiki.

ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pū malū, a no laila e hoʻopili koke i nā ʻeke, nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu i lalo, lawe ʻia me ke one a silt, a laila ua paʻakikī i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai lākou e ʻai ai. No laila, ʻo ka manawa pōpilikia loa iā lākou ma hope koke o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. I loko o ka olakino, ma hope koke o ka helehelena, wehe maoli ʻia nā ʻōpū pectoral nui a me nā maka. 3-4 lā me ka moe wale nō lākou ma lalo nei, ʻaʻohe o ka hopena o ke kukui i kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kēia manawa, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai ikaika i ka detritus a me nā benthos: nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi e noho kokoke ana i lalo.

I ka manawa mua ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana a inā, inā lawa ka ʻai a puni, i loko o ʻekolu mahina e lōʻihi ana lākou i ka lōʻihi o 6 cm. A laila e iho ka ulu a hiki i kahi nui o 12-14 cm, ulu maila ke gudgeon i 3-4 mau makahiki, a laila ua noʻonoʻo pono ʻia ka ulu a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e ulu mau nei, akā ua lohi loa. Hiki i ka ola ololi ke hiki aku i 8 mau makahiki, akā no ka mea he nui loa nā poʻe e makemake e loaʻa kālā mai ka gudgeon, ka lehulehu o lākou e ola a hiki i ka makahiki ʻelemakule, make ka hapanui i make ʻole ma mua o 4-6 mau makahiki. Mau i loko o ke kūlohelohe, hiki i ka minnows ke noho i loko o ka aquarium, akā i ke olaʻana o ko lākou ola ma nā ʻano he ʻano - ʻoiai i nā iʻa ʻōpio ua like ʻole ke ola ma mua o 3 mau makahiki.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: ika Gudgeon

Ua pālahalaha nui nā Pescaras, a ʻaʻole maoli lākou i hoʻohina, i ka nui o nā kahawai o ʻEulopa a me Siberia hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui. ʻAʻole ia he ʻano kālepa, akā hopu kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa: ʻoiai ʻo kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, me ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana, hiki i ka minnows ke maloʻo.

Akā ua hoka lākou, a ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻiʻo i loko o lākou, no laila e ʻoi aʻe ka hopena ma mua o ka maikaʻi, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe paʻa lākou. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻano pāpaʻi no ka nui iʻa: ʻo ka mea nānā ka paona 20-25 kg ke ʻae a paʻa ʻia iā lākou, a no laila, ʻaʻole ka manaʻo lawaiʻa e hoʻolimalima i kahi gudgeon, ʻoiai inā liʻiliʻi loa.

Hoʻopili ka Pescaras i ka hoʻoilo wai - ke waiho nei lākou i nā wahi maikaʻi ʻole, ʻauʻau i nā mea maʻemaʻe. No laila, ma kekahi mau wahi, kokoke i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana ʻenehana e hana ana, a me nā mea kīwaha kekahi e hoʻohaumia ai ka wai, ua pau holo a make lākou, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻano o ke ʻano he ʻano o kona ʻano.

Mea ʻoiai: ʻO nā minnows i mālama ʻia i kekahi manawa i loko o nā hale kanu me ka wai anuanu (22 ℃ a i ʻole kahi haʻahaʻa). ʻAʻole pono lākou i ke manawa o ka launa ʻana, no laila kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻoiho ʻana i ka aquarium, e ʻano like ke ʻano o ka gudgeon e like me kahi hana kūlohelohe, inā i kū pono nā kūlana kūpono. Hiki i nā mea āpau i hopu ʻia e nā pākeke ke hoʻokomo ʻia i ka aquarium, a ua hiki ke kaʻi pololei i loko.

ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka wai wai ākea, ʻo ka gudgeon ka mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ai i ko lākou maʻemaʻe: inā e nalowale ana mai ka muliwai, a laila make kekahi "kemika" i loko o ia wai, a laila hiki koke mai paha kekahi iʻa. Gudgeon hiki ke noho i loko o ka hale hoʻonaʻauao a ʻoiai kāna ʻano he mea hoihoi loa i ka mākaʻikaʻi, ʻoi aku, he unpretentious lākou.