ʻO nā ʻihi o nā ʻāpana o ke kahakai o Ausetalia he wahi punahele wale nō no ka poʻe e makemake nei i ka lawaiʻa scuba, akā no nā kai lawaiʻa he nui wale nō. ʻAʻole komo kēia i nā hiʻona, nā warthog a me nā aniani, akā, he mau cone mollusk malohi wale nō. Pono ʻoe e kiaʻi nui me lākou. Hiki i kā lākou huki ke hōʻeha i nā kānaka.
Ka honu i nā pōmole Maoli (Latin Conidae)
I kēia manawa aia ma kahi o 500 o nā ʻano o kēia mau mollusks. Noho lākou ma nā kai wela, akā hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke noho ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi wahi punahele loa o kēia mau gastropods ka Nui Barrier Reef. I ka hopena, kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki kahi e make ana nā kānaka 2-3 mai ka neʻe ʻana o kēia holoholona.
Loaʻa ka mollusk i kona inoa geometric no ka mea maʻamau o ka maʻamau conical o ka tapa.
ʻO nā meaʻala maikaʻi
ʻO nā ʻānō nā mea kikoʻī. Holo lākou i nā ʻōpala polychaete a me nā mollusks ʻē aʻe; ʻai kekahi mau mea ʻai i ka iʻa. Kūkulu nui kahi ulu o ke ʻala e kōkua iā lākou e ʻike maka hao, no ka mea aia kahi ʻona kūikawā i kū i ka lua mantle i ke kumu o nā kuʻina - osfradia. ʻOiai i kahi mea hoʻonani mahalo, hiki iā lākou keʻike i nā mea hoʻonaninani liʻiliʻi a me ka wai a waiho i kēia ala ākea hiki ʻole ke ʻike.
I kekahi manawa ke kali nei i kā lākou mea e make ai, kanu ʻia i loko o ke one, a luring me nā outgrowths-baits e kū ana ma ka lihi o ke poʻo. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻōhua ke alualu i ko lākou "poʻo", kahi e lawe ai i ke ʻano o kahi funnel me ka aniani a hiki i ka 10 kenimika.
Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka konohiki i ka mea i loaʻa i ka lōʻihi, hoʻolei aku ʻo ia i kāna "hapa" i loko o ia mea, ma kahi hopena E kau nā niho ʻōlohelohe āpau e kau ʻia ma ka radula mollusk (kahi i hana ma ka ʻōpala a me ka palaʻai i ka meaʻai) a, ke ʻike ʻia ka mea make, huki ʻia kahi o lākou. A laila hele akula ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka proboscis a pani i kona kihi. A ke mākaukau, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ia i kēia ʻano o ka punana, ʻo ka māʻī ke koi iā lākou e like me ka mōhai. A ke hopena, loaʻa iā ia ka laʻana o ka maʻi ikaika o ka toxin ikaika, he hopena paralytic. Paʻa koke nā mollusks i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a huki lākou i nā mea nui e like me ka waiho ʻana.
"Hala"
No kahi kanaka, ʻo ka "pana" hiki ke make pū kekahi. ʻO ke kumu nui no kēia kaila ʻo "tragic" kahi kānalua maʻalahi a me ka makemake e lawe i ka moliki mollusk i ka lima. Paʻi kēia i ka cone e pale iā ia iho. Pilikia loa no nā kānaka nā mahele kikoʻī (Conus geographus).
No ka manawa mua, ʻo ko lākou hona - conotoxin - i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻAmelika ʻo B. Oliver. Ka mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā māhele biochemical maʻalahi - nā peptides e loaʻa ana he 10-30 amino acid. Hiki i nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano like ʻole i nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka conotoxin ʻo kona wikiwiki o ka hana. Hoʻopili i ka hoʻoili ʻia o nā hōʻailona mai nā nerves i nā ʻUkala a me ke ala wale nō e hoʻopakele ai ma ke waiho ʻana i ke koko i ka wahi o ka kuʻekuʻe.
ʻIke ʻia kekahi o nā peptides o kēia mea i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, kekahi o ka immobilized, kekahi ʻē aʻe hoʻohālikelike ʻia, etc. Ua lilo kēia i mea maikaʻi loa i loaʻa no ka lāʻau lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, i kēia manawa ua pau ka hā o ka conus conus magus e hana i nā mea hōʻokiʻoki ʻole.
Hoʻouka hou ma ka Poʻe Cone
Kōkua nā cones i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea ʻawaʻawa, he hopena neurotoxic kona inoa konomoxin. ^ E Ha yM. He ʻano paʻakikī o kēia laʻala, akā hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā conotoxins a pau ʻekolu mau hui nui:
- Kāhea ʻia ka "hook me ke kaula lawaiʻa", i.e. i ka manawa koke e pani ai ka waiwai i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā impulses mai i nā nīʻī i ka uaua, a ʻo ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i manawa ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mea i hana ʻia, a no ke aha ka neʻe ʻole,
- ʻO ka mea ʻona ʻo King Kong. Hōʻuluʻulu wale ʻia kēia pūʻulu o nā pōneki ma nā luna o nā mollusks. ʻAʻole lākou i ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea a lākou e hana nei, ke kuʻe wale nei i ka lākou, e like me kekahi ʻano o ka zombie, ke kali nei ke kono no lākou, ke hāmama ana ka waha,
- "Nirvana" - kahi hua make i ke hopena stupefying. ʻO ka mea make i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ua ʻona maikaʻi ʻia ia, no laila, me ke kānalua ʻole e kau aku ana i ka waha o ka lawaiʻa.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka conot e nā cones i mea pōʻino no nā kānaka? Ae! Ua nui nā hihia i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi a i ʻole nā mea ʻike ʻole a me ka hemahema, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻopā a hāpai i ka puʻupuʻu maikaʻi mai lalo, ua make ʻia ... a make. Akā ʻo nā hua ʻehā mea huapau he mau waiwai maikaʻi, ʻo kā lākou mea huʻawaa ua lilo ʻia e nā poʻe ʻepekema i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, conotoxin, a i ʻole, he hopena mai ka conotoxin, he hopena analgesic a hoʻohana ʻia e mālama i nā poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka ʻehaʻeha. Ka mea hiki ke luku wale ʻia nā mea make haki holoholona, akā hoʻopakele i ke ola o nā kānaka.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā mea huna nā nocturnal e hūnā ana i ka one ma ka lā. ʻO ka niho ʻōlapa o ka cone ke hoʻololi ʻia he kāla - he paʻa nā kihi i kuhikuhi ʻia me nā kīkī i hope. I loko o ka ʻānō e hele aku ai i ka lua i hoʻopili ʻia i nā kelima makeʻe. Noho nā niho i nā lālani ʻelua, hoʻokahi niho ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka pā radula. Kēia ka cone, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oscradia organ sensory, ʻike i ka mea pio, hoʻokahi niho o ka radula e puka mai ana i ka pharynx, hoʻopiha ʻia kona lua i ka mea huna o ke kīhāpai oona, ʻōpio nā ʻōpala a hoʻopili ʻia ma ka hope o kēia ʻōpala. Ke hoʻokokoke nei i kahi lōʻihi, kūpono ka uka i ka hala, a me ka lāʻau kuʻuna ikaika me ka hopena paralytic e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka mea i lawe ʻia. ʻAi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā cones he mea hoʻomalu lākou i ka iʻa. Ua ʻili ʻia ka iʻa liʻiliʻi me ka wā koke, a ʻoiai lākou e hoʻomau ai i nā lono, nā manaʻo kūpono e hiki ke kōkua i ka iʻa mai ka iʻa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, inā hiki i ka mea hoʻomake ke ʻakaʻaka i ka manawa hoʻokahi - e uhaʻi ʻo ia, a laila hiki ʻole ke kelu lohi ke loaʻa a ʻai ʻia. Puke lākou i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi holoʻokoʻa, a kau i nā ʻāpana nui e like me ka moena. No kahi kanaka, ʻo kēlā "ʻuʻū" hiki i ka mea weliweli. Hoʻopilikia maoli nō ke ʻano heʻe kuʻuna no nā kānaka (Papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo) Eia kekahi, e like me ka loea o Australia Rob Bradle, hiki ke make ma loko o kahi mau minuke. Ma ka Pākīpika, he 2-3 mau kānaka e make i ka makee cone i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a he hoʻokahi wale nō kānaka mai nā pika. Wahi a ka helu helu, hoʻokahi o ʻekolu, a i ʻole ʻelua mau kiki me ke kuʻikuʻi cone e pau ai i ka make. ʻIke pinepine ʻia e ka nani o ka pūhaka, hoʻāʻo ʻo kekahi kanaka e ʻohi a koi i ka kone e pale iā ia iho.
I ka makahiki 1993, ua hala ke 16 mau make mai kahi kue keri ma ka honua. O kēia mau mea, he 12 Papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i 2 i C. kaheo. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka weliweli Conus aulicus, Conus marmoreus, Conus omaria, Conus striatus a Conus tulipa. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai maʻamau, ʻo ka mea pōʻino loa kēlā mau mollusks e ʻoki ana i ka iʻa.
Nā ʻala ahi
I kēia manawa ua lilo nā mea cone i mea ʻoluʻolu loa i nā ʻepekema no ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona: ua loaʻa kēia honi i nā mea biochemical maʻalahi o nā huahana conotoxins - nā peptides e maʻalahi e hoʻouluulu i ka ʻohi. He pālahalaha nui loa nā snails i nā leʻalā a me nā ʻano o nā ihe. Loaʻa nā ʻona ʻelua mai nā wahi like ma nā wahi like ʻole. I nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia - ʻelua mau nahesa like ʻehā a i ʻole nā mea huʻu like ʻelua. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o nā toxins e hana i ka venom o ka cone ka wikiwiki o ka hana. ʻOiai he mau neurotoxins ka conotoxins, ʻae lākou i nā peptides ʻokoʻa i kā lākou hana o ka hana - he immobilized kekahi o nā mea make, ʻē aʻe kekahi mea hoʻohālikelike i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kēia kumu nā peptides i nā alerine i ka poʻe.
ʻAʻohe mea antidote no nā venom cones, a hiki ke maʻi wale nō ka maʻi. ʻO nā kamaʻāina kūloko o nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika o ka Pākīpika me ka pīhoihoi o ka cone ua hōʻoki koke ʻia ka pūnaewele o ka uaʻala a hoʻā ʻia.
Hoike ʻike
ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona cone e hoʻokokoke ana i ka 550 - 600. Hoʻonālikelike ʻia nā ʻōpala me nā ʻaluna ʻokoʻa maʻamau, ka nui a me nā ʻono. Aia nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka nui o kahi pāma i hamama o kahi kanaka e hele mai ma kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻelele o ka genus cone ka hele ʻana i nā meaʻawaʻawa. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hoʻololi koʻikoʻi e kōkua i nā ola mollusks, hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai, ka pale ʻana i nā mea nui a me nā hōʻeha. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano morphological ʻano like ʻole i ka pūpū pili a kūʻai ʻia aku.
Kāleka
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cone sime mai kekahi mau molluska e kahi ʻāhai i loaʻa kahi ʻano maʻamau conical geometrically. ʻO nā ʻano o nā cone ʻokoʻa i nā kala nani. ʻOiai ke kāʻei ʻia nā kala e nā ʻāpana hāmeʻa, maʻa mau ke hina, waiū, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, beige, ʻoniʻoni, keʻokeʻo, ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona ma kēlā me kēia puʻu a he ʻano kakaʻahi. I loko o kekahi mau ʻuhane, ua uhi ʻia nā pale i nā pale e poʻalulu ana, i loko o kekahi me nā pōpoki pālahalaha, a ma kahi ʻē aʻe he ʻano hoʻomalulu lākou.
ʻO nā ʻano cones he kiʻi hoʻolālā kala nani
Hoʻoulu ʻia ka ʻano o nā kukuna o ka henika palaki i loko o kahi kikoʻī, akā pili kēlā me kēia huli i ka piko o ke kihi, no laila, he pāwili ʻia ka piko o ka pūleo. Aia ka waha ma ka ʻaoʻao, he ʻano elongated a lōʻihi e holo ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka pakan. Mālama ka pale umauma i ka pā palupalu mollusk. Ma lalo o ka moʻo, aia kahi kukona no ka kānana ʻana i ka wai i loko o nā koena. ʻO ka wāwae me nā hiʻohiʻona palaka a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻano ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Mālama ʻia nā mea holo a paʻa i kahi ʻāpana paʻa. Me ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka Musle, ua holomua ka mollusk me ka mālie ma luna o nā pōhaku a i ʻole ka ʻili o nā mea kanu aku. ʻO ke poʻo, inā pono, lōkahi i ka puka liʻiliʻi ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pūhaka. Ma ka mua, ua puka ke kino i nā he nui. Noho ʻelua mau maka i ʻelua mau manawa pōkole, a ma waena o lākou he hunoscis hunting i ke ʻano o ka puna wai lōʻihi. Mālama kēia ʻōpū muscular i ka waha e kūmole ana a he mau radula. Ma kahi pīpī i kahi kūlana mālie, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka waha, akā, i ka wā o ka hopu ʻana no kahi mea nui nui a huki ʻia ia i loko o kahi pāʻau wai.
ʻŌpala ʻōpala
He kīʻaha palupalu a me ka ʻole o ka pahu i uhi ʻia i loko o kahi kinikini a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona:
- ka nui o ka kinipola i loko o 6-20 cm, akā he nui ka poʻe nui i hele mai.
- nui ka hohoa, conical ma ke ʻano, i hoʻonui ʻia ma ka huli hope.
- Hōʻulu ʻia ka uhi e kahi mea lawelawe e like me ka pūlima, a ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao i kahi o nā papa lime ʻonihi.
- ua koho ʻia ka puʻu, like ka curl me kahi pāpale i kahi kūlike.
- ke komo ʻana o ka puka komo e like me ka pōkole.
- ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana mai ke keʻokeʻo a hiki i nā melemele, ke kīʻaha waiū.
- ua hōʻike ʻia ka pihi ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole a ʻeleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu.
- hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahi pōkole ma nā laina laina.
Noho kahi o ka spe cone
Noho ka ʻōpala i nā wai i nā wai kai, e loaʻa i nā kai me ka wai mahana - i loko o ke kai Hoʻohālike. Makemake ʻo ia i kaʻu iʻa. Kahi ka nui o nā ʻano i noho i ka Inia, Pākīpika, Iapana, Caribbean a me ke Kaiʻula. Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mau holoholona e noho i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻaiho
Noho nā kiaʻi cone i loko o nā wai o nā ʻōpihi a me nā subtropics. ʻO kēia nā ʻāpana o ke Kaiaulu a me ka Moana Pākīpika, ka wai mai ke Kaiʻula a hiki i ka Iapana. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano i nā lepa ʻoluʻolu, no ka laʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻelele o kēia mau ʻaumaha i loko o ke kai Helu, kahi i hoʻomaha pinepine ʻia ai nā mākaʻikaʻi o ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā wai o Australia a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pilipo i koho i nā cone mollusks.
He pōpilikia ka pilikia no nā kānaka i ka wai pāpio. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā nui o nā hihia i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka popo i ka wāwae o kahi huakaʻi e hele wāwae ana i kahakai. E ʻike pū ka poʻe hoʻohālikelike ʻana e holo ana a puni ka ʻā. ʻO kahi mea nani loa o ka mollusk e hoʻowalewale iā ʻoe a hiki i kahi leʻa e hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO ka ʻōpala moleʻo spropodk wale nō he mea nāna e hōʻole i ka momona, ʻo ka mea maoli he mea hoʻohiwahiwa a me ka mea akamai e hiki ai ke pepehi i kekahi kanaka e kaupaona ana iā 70 kg me kahi ʻōpala hoʻokahi.
Pehea e huli ai i nā cones
ʻO nā cone ʻōpū he predatory gastropods. I ke ao, peʻe lākou i nā ʻōpū o ke kai, a i ka wanaʻao ka hoʻomaka lākou e kiʻi. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā ʻalā polychaete a me nā mollusks ma ke kī he ʻai wale nō; Aia kekahi o nā ʻalā huaʻai, a me ka nui o ka hana i ka wikiwiki, i ka hapa wale nō ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka pona, ua ʻāwili ke kanaka a ʻūlū ʻia a laila ʻalo
Ses cones - predatory gastropods
ʻO Radula ("grater") i loko o ka wai huʻihuʻi ua lako ʻia me nā niho i hoʻololi ʻia me nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi i like me ke ʻano o kahi ʻae a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā pua i hope. Aia i loko o ka "harpoon" ua hakahaka, a pili nā lāpena me kahi kelawa paʻa. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho i nā lālani ma nā papa o ka radula. E ʻike i ka mea pio, aia kekahi kino kūikawā - osfradiy. Aia ia ma ka puʻu mantle kokoke i nā gills. Lā ka ihu ʻo nā radula e puka mai ka puka pharyngeal, hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua i ka mea ʻona e kahe ana i loko o ka ʻōpala a hōʻiliʻili i ka hope o ka puka. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka pona, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke niho hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻeli ʻia ka hana immobilized.
E ʻike ka mea pio aia kekahi kino kūikawā - osfradiy
A cone - kahi lawaiʻa e hūnā pinepine i ka pā lalo, e hōʻike ana i kahi pīhoihoi hanu a me kahi proboscis no ka pain.
Hoʻokokoke mālie ka mea hoʻopuka i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia a ʻapo i ka "ʻoi". Ua ninini ka mea make i ka mea pio me ka pahu ikaika, kīnā paʻa ʻole i ka mea ʻole, a ʻaʻole kū ka mea i make. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mollusks paona e ʻae i ka iʻa me nā outgrowth kūikawā e like me ka kolo a laila hoʻokomo i ka ʻona i ka hana. ʻO ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ua nalo ko lākou hiki ke neʻe koke koke iho i loko o ke kino, a ʻo kekahi wale nō hoʻi o nā kua a me ke kuʻekuʻe e hoʻomau mau ai ka pulupulu. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea make ke hana i ka neʻe koke ʻana, lilo ka maʻi hānai a lilo i mea pio i ke kao ʻawaʻawa.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mollusks i hoʻohiki ʻia i ka iʻa me nā outgrowth kūikawā.
ʻOi aku nā mea liʻiliʻi e ka mollusk i mea pono ʻia, a ua huki ʻia ka ʻāʻī ma nā iʻa nui e like me ka māka. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka mollusk, ke ʻano kikoʻī (Conus geographus) i hoʻonaninani i kona poʻo i loko o kahi pāʻauʻau. ʻO ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ua hāʻule i loko o kēia maile.
ʻO ke hoʻonohonoho o nā gastropods
ʻO ka inoa o nā mollusks ma muli o kāna kinipiki conical. ʻO waho, he ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole ia, ka mea e kōkua i ka mea hana i ʻike ʻia ʻole i waena o nā mea i waiho ʻia o ke kai. He ʻāpana kūloko ʻekolu. ʻO ia ke poʻo, ka ʻula a me nā wāwae. ʻO ke kino o ka mollusk cone ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau i kahi kāhiko i hana ʻia me nā kīnaka. Mālama lākou i nā hua o ka calcareous e lilo i kumu no ka kinikona e peʻe ai ka mollusk. ʻElua ona papa - he lālā manawaleʻa a lōʻihi a lōlō, e like ana me ka maka.
Aia ma ke poʻo aia kahi mau hale lole, nā maka, ka waha e wehe ana me kahi radula neʻe, ma loko o laila he mau niho. I ka cone, ua loli i loko o kahi ʻano ʻano lepa, loko o loko kahi lua ia i nā mea ʻino mai ke aniani e kahe ana i ka mea i hana ʻia. ʻO kahi kokoke i ka wehe ʻana o ka waha, ua nui nā ʻano o ka cones e like me nā koʻi. He wahi nui kēia i ka iʻa nā holoholona hānai.ʻO ka iʻa, ka komo ʻana i ka waha, ua huki pono ʻia i ka goiter, ka mea e hui pū me ka kaomi ʻokiʻoki. Ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai, hele nā koena i ka kao ectodermal. Ua neʻe lohi ka mollusk, holo i lalo o ke kai i kahi wāwae maʻa mauʻu.
Kelepona
ʻO ka hapanui o nā cone liʻiliʻi e hānai ana i nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā mollusks ʻē aʻe, akā aia kekahi mauʻu e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. No ka subspecies nā clam geographic conem. He kumuhulu pōpilikia koʻikoʻi kēia o nā gastropod, kahi maʻalahi e helu ma waena o nā mollusks i kahi ʻano. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo kona ʻauʻau i nā mea ʻike o kahi palapala ʻāina.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma luna o ka ʻili i like me nā konohala me nā kihi leʻalulu, kahi i hoʻopuehu ʻia ma nā ʻāpana "nui o kahi pale". Hiki ke nānā ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi o kēia mollusk i luna. Ke ʻaʻa nei ʻo ka wāwae ona ma luna o nā pōhaku hemo, ua ʻano piha kēia ʻano cone me nā pā kuhikuhi o ka kaiapuni. He paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia he mea pono kūleʻa ʻo ia. Lulu akula ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ke kīleiter ke kiʻi i ka mea i nui, ke kū nei i ka nui e pono ai, a hoʻomoʻi kūlohelohe aku i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kūikawā ma waena o ke kuʻi ʻāina a me ke koena ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻomālohelohe i ka iʻa ma ka hohola ʻana i kona waha ma ke ʻano he funnel me ka aniani a hiki i 10 cm.ʻO nā iʻa liʻiliʻi hiki ke hele wale iā ia, e like me ke ana.
Hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka
Aia ma muli o ke ʻano o cones, ʻano like ka hopena o ke kino o ke kino o ke kino o ke kino mollusk. Hiki i ka hāloi ke hoʻōla i ke ʻeha a me nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻiliʻili maʻi o ka koʻikoʻi kūloko. E hele a ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo paha ma ka pūnaewele o ka ʻāʻī. Pilikia ka honu hua kino e ka noho ʻana o nā conotoxins, ʻike mua ʻia e ka mea noiʻi ʻAmelika ʻo B. Oliver. Ua hana ia ma ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā nerve a hiki i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ʻōhumu, i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka make.
Hoʻohālikelike ka hopena o kēlā me nā mea ʻawaʻawa. Hoʻopili i nā kahe o nā hōʻailona mai nā kinipona nerve i nā ʻiʻo o ke kino. Ma muli o kēia hopena, lilo ka ʻōpū a pau a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka naʻau. Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā noiʻi e nā ʻepekema ma ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻopā a me kona hopena i nā mea ola e hiki ai i nā conotoxins ke hoʻoulu i nā mollusks e holo i waho o nā pūniki paʻa. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o nā kiʻi i paʻi ʻia me kahi ʻano o nā pona ʻehā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hoʻomaka ʻo Rodents i ka lele pāʻani a piʻi i luna o nā paia o ka lua.
ʻO ke kōkua mua i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia
ʻO nā hihia āpau i ʻike ʻia i kahi ʻuʻuku o kēia mau muʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea o 70% o nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka pūʻali kiko kiko. I ka hapanui o ka manawa pinepine, pili ʻia ka make i ka wā e hohonu ai ke kanaka i lalo o ka wai. I ka pale ʻana nā mea like ʻole a me nā mea ʻokoʻa no nā manamana nani.
Nā poʻe aloha hemahema e hopu i ko lākou mau lima ma ka lehelehe no kahi hapa liʻiliʻi. He kuhi hewa nui kēia, ʻo ia nō ma kēia wahi e waiho i ka waha me ka pupu laona o ka mollusk. Inā ua hoʻoholo ʻoe e lawe i kēia mea weliweli i kou lima, a laila hana ʻia kēia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻae o ka puʻu. He mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole e pale i nā hālāwai me ka mollusk cone pa mea ʻole, akā inā i ʻalania, a laila pono ʻoe e hana wikiwiki, no ka mea ua hele mai ka maʻi maʻi ma hope o ka manawa pōkole.
Ma muli o ka manaʻo i loko o ka nui o nā pehu huhū, ʻaʻohe antidote. ʻO ke kūpono kūpono ka kahe koko. Holoi ʻia ka lāʻau i ka wai hou a lawe ʻia ka immobilization ma lalo o ke kaomi. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōho a e kāʻī i ke kahua o ka pīpī, inā ʻaʻole e ʻōwili wikiwiki ka lohi i ke koko. ʻAʻole pono ke kali i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi pākōkō, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki e lawe i ka mea ʻai i ka haukapila kokoke loa. Pono pono ʻia ke ʻano ma mua o ke alanui.
ʻAʻole nā kumu make o kēia mau mollusks, no laila ua hoʻopakele ʻia nā kamaʻāina mai ka make ʻana e nā cones ma ke ʻoki ʻana me kahi pahi me ka pahi a kāwī ʻia ka nui o ke koko.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pono o ka lāʻau lapaʻau
ʻO ka honu Shellfish ka nui o nā conotoxins biochemical he ʻokoʻa nā hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana o ke kanaka. ʻO kekahi o lākou i ka hopena paralisis, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e hoʻohālikelike i ka pūnaewele ʻinā. Eia kekahi, ulu koke ka hopena, e hoihoi nui i nā mea ʻepekema olakino.
Ma hope o kahi ʻano o nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi mea ʻoi aku. Ka maʻi ʻeha o ka moana ke hoʻomohala pono i nā maʻi maʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e like me ka morphine maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e lilo i ka hoʻohui i ka lāʻau kūlohelohe. Mahalo i nā hana o nā ʻepekema, ua loaʻa kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ziconotide", ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he analgesic kūleʻa.
Ke hoʻomau nei ke hana ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hopena o nā conotoxins i kānaka i ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi o Parkinson a me nā Alzheimer, a me ka ʻili.
Pehea e loaʻa ai i ka lāʻau
I nā limahana kūikawā, kau lākou i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i mua o ka mollusk a ʻae ʻoe a hiki i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻouka ʻana. Ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻia o ka papa, ua loli koke ʻia ka ia me kahi kumu silicone.
Hoʻokahi ke niho maʻa i ka paia o ka puna a hoʻopaʻa i nā meaʻala i loko o ka lua. No kēia, mahalo nui nā mea ʻohi e launa me ka iʻa. Ua māʻona kēlā.
Aloha no nā ʻohi
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like a me nā kala o kēia mau "poni". ʻAʻole i kū hou ʻia nā kahe lole no nā hōʻike like ʻole i ko mākou manawa. Loaʻa ka palapala i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1796 e haʻi ana e pili ana i ke kālepa ma ka pūnaewele. Ua hōʻike ʻia i ʻekolu mau papa. ʻO ka mea mua, he kiʻi na Franz Hals, hāʻawi ʻia no ke kālā hoʻomāalilie i kēlā manawa, ʻo ka lua ʻo ka kiʻi kaulana "A Woman in Blue Read a Letter" na Vermeer (kūʻai ʻia no nā guilders 43). I kēia manawa, aia ka kaha ma ke Royal Museum o Amsterdam. ʻO ke kolu o ka pālapa he 5 cm cone shell, i kūʻai ʻia no nā poʻe he 183.
I nā ʻāina hikina, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kinikini liʻiliʻi i mau ʻūpiki paʻa. ʻO ka cone i kapa ʻia ʻo "Glory of the Seas" ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā awā maikaʻi loa i ka honua. ʻOiai i loko o kā mākou manawa, ʻo ka mollusk kai me kahi pōpoki manuahi i manaʻo ʻia i nā tausani kaukani kālā.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻike he nui mai ke ola o kēia mau mea kūʻokoʻa.
Hoʻohana lāʻau
Poʻomanaʻo Conus magus Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma kahi anesthetic (analgesic). No ka hoʻohālikelike, kahi ʻano hana o ka Ziconotid he hana synthetic o ka analgesic non-opioid - kekahi o nā peptides cone, nona ka hana ma mua o nā lāʻau āpau i ʻike ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Pono kēia lāʻau e kū pono i nā morphines addictive.
Hana ʻeha
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Konotoxin e ka ʻepekema ʻAmelika ʻo B. Oliver. Hōʻalo ka ʻōhule ʻōpeʻe e like me ka huehue huelo, a ke hoʻokaʻawale nei i nā hōʻailona o ka nerve e hele i nā ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻonāwaliwali o ke koko i hoʻoholo ʻia e nā hōʻailona:
- a palapa o ka ʻili
- ʻolololi ʻana i ka ʻili a ʻulaʻula
- mamuli o ka luhi
- ʻike ʻia ka huki a puni ka ʻōpū
- hele a ʻeha nā maʻi, a laila hiki ke ulu ʻia ka ʻāʻī ʻana
- ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka makeʻe e palahalaha a puni ke kino a ua ʻōlelo ākea ʻia a puni ka waha
- hele mai ka lolo
- hele aku ka ʻike
- e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka insulin i ka toxin i ke kō koko koko, hoʻoili i ka comog hypoglycemic
- hopu ʻia ke hopu ʻia.
ʻ suggestslelo ʻepekema ʻo B. Halstead me nā hōʻailona o ka make ʻana o ka conotoxin, nā maʻi ʻeha ka maʻamau maʻamau. Nā mea lawelawe ʻē aʻe: ʻo V.N. Orlova a me D. B. Gelashvili e noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana i ka wā e make ai nā kānaka ma hope o ka pilina me ka cone venom ʻaʻole ma hope o ka hopu ʻana, akā ma muli o ka maʻi ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpala. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka conotoxins e hōʻeha i ka hiamoe, e hōʻoluʻolu i nā kīwaha, loaʻa ka hopena kūʻē kūwaho - e kūwaho i kahi pūhaka kūʻē ʻoiaʻiʻo.