Holo wale ʻia nā holoholona, ​​kū hoʻokahi nā pōkole wale no ka manawa hana. Inā ʻaʻole e wāwahi ka pālua, a laila mau ke kumu no kēia - no ka laʻana, ka liʻiliʻi o nā pākahi o nā palaka hoʻokahi, ka nele o nā hale papa a i ʻole nā ​​mea lako e lako ai. Akā i kēia mau kūlana, noho ka poʻe lele ma luna o ka ʻāina like ʻole e kamaʻilio pū me kekahi. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ia ʻōnaehana penei i kahi kikowaena kikowaena latent: ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka, kēlā me kēia kanaka ma luna o kāna iho

ʻO ka moʻolelo ola ma ka Zoo

Hōʻike ka ʻike i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlau e pono ke loaʻa kahi wela wela i ka poʻe aviary - mea wela. ʻO kēia wahi ma lalo o ke kukui e hoʻohana mau ʻia e nā holoholona. Pono ka maloʻo. ʻO ka meaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā e pono i nā meaʻai, like me ka holoholona i ʻai iki i ka mea liʻiliʻi, akā kēlā me kēia manawa ka meaʻai like ʻole.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā jumpers i ka hōʻike hōʻike ʻia o ka pā "Pō ke ao", kahi i ninini ʻia ai ka lepo wai a me nā lālā ma ka māka kiʻekiʻe. Noho pū nā poʻe Ivory poʻe i nā moe hiamoe Aferika. No ka mea hoʻohana nā holoholona i nā ʻanuʻu like ʻole o nā hoʻopuni, hui pū me lākou. Ua hele maikaʻi ʻo nā mea lele me nā ʻiole ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe kūʻēʻike i waena o nā holoholona.

Aia nā mea hānai i ka aviary ma luna o ka litter i loko o nā ipu i hoʻolako ʻia. ʻO ka papa ʻai o nā lā āpau e loaʻa i nā iniseti, nā huaʻai, kāloti huaʻa, ke kōkī ʻaoa, kahi hua manu ʻono, ʻāʻī mauʻu, ʻupena (lettuce, dandelions, kāpeti), nā meaʻai pēpē. Hāʻawi ʻia ka wai i ka nui o ia mau mea. ʻOiai ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea lele, pono lākou e loaʻa ka meaʻai hou.

I kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ma ka zoo

ʻO ka hana noiʻi me kēia ʻano lāʻau ma Moscow Zoo

1. G.V. Vakhrusheva, I.A. Alekseicheva, O.G. Ilchenko, 1995 "Pahu lele elepani o ka elefani: e mālama ana a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka noho pio ʻana.

2. S.V. Popov, A.S. Popov, 1995 "E pili ana paha ka loli i nā kūlana i ka ʻano o nā mea ʻokiʻoki ʻilikai pōkole (Macroscelides proboscideus)?, ʻEpekema ʻepekema i Zoological Parks, Nūpepa 5

3. A.S. Popov, 1997 "ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōpū o nā elepani elephant pokole (Macroscelides proboscideus) ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka Zoo o Moscow", ka noiʻi ʻepekema i loko o nā paka zoological, hoʻopuka 9

4.S.R. Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1997 "Nā kaupaona maʻamau o nā peke elepana pōkole (Macroscelides proboscideus) ma ka puʻu", ʻepekema ʻepekema i Zoological Parks, Nūpepa 9

5. S.V. Popov, O.G. Ilchenko, E.Yu. Olehnovich, 1998 "Nā hana holoholona ma ka" Night World "Exposition," ʻepekema ʻepekema ma Zoological Parks, Nūpepa 10

6.S.R. Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1998 "ʻaviorlelo i nā poʻe lele elepani e noho pōkole i ka hana paʻepaʻi", ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka Zoological Park, Nūnū 10

7.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, 1999 "Dynamics o nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā ʻohana o ka ʻohana ʻohana o nā mea hopu ʻilikai ʻelemaka (Macroscelides proboscideus), noiʻi ʻepekema i loko o nā paka zoological, hoʻopuka 11

8.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. Vakhrusheva, S.R. Sapozhnikova, 2003 "Ka hana hou ʻana o ka lele elele elepani pōkole (Macroscelides proboscideus) ma Moscow Zoo", ʻepekema ʻepekema i Zoological Parks, Puka 16

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā poʻe lele.

I kēia mau lā kahi i noho ai nā wahi noho nui loa e loaʻa wale ana ma ʻApelika (me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ʻApelika Komohana a me ka Sahara) kahi i noho ai lākou i nā ʻano noho like ʻole. Ua makemake kekahi makemake i nā wao nahele, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻaleʻale, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā pali maʻa, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i nā kaohi pōhaku, a ʻo nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke ʻano o nā ululāʻau mauna.

ʻO ka noho a me ka lehulehu o ka poʻe jumper elepana

He wahi kūlohelohe no nā mea kūkala ʻo ʻArika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hapa hema o ka ʻāina nui, ka ʻāina ʻo Namibia a me kekahi hapa ʻo Botswana. Hōʻea kā lākou wahi āpau a i kahi miliona miliona mau kilomita square. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i kēlā mau wahi i ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻia e nā ʻano anthropogenic, makemake i kahi wahi wao me nā popo-grubsy-shrubbery thickets.

ʻO ka mahalo, ma muli o ka pālahalaha ikaika o ka poʻe ma luna o kahi ākea i ka makahiki 1996, ua kuhi hewa ʻia nā mea pūkākeke i loko o ka Red Book me kahi o nā mea e uluhia. Akā ma hope o 7 mau makahiki, ua hōʻoia hou nā kānakaʻepekema i kā lākou hoʻoholo, ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūlana o ka holoholona me ka maʻamau: "i waho o ka pilikia." A i kēia manawa, ʻo ka pōpilikia wale nō e hoʻopilikia nei i ka noho hou ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻo ia ka wao kūlohelohe o ka wahi i noho ʻia.

ʻO ka wehewehe waho o kahi punahele pōkole pōkole

ʻO ke jumper pōkole ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i waena o ka ʻohana āpau o ka jumper. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma kahi o 12.5 mau kenimika.

Akā e lōʻihi ka huelo o kēia mau holoholona. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai ka 9.7 a hiki i ka 13.7 kenimika. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻano maʻamau o ke ʻano o kahi jumper pōkole no nā mea kuʻikahi o ka ʻohana nona ia.

ʻO Jumper pōkole kaohi (Macroscelides proboscideus).

ʻO ke ʻano o ka muzzle anuanu o kahi jumper pōkole loa nui elongated. ʻO nā pepeiao o ka holoholona, ​​i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā poʻe peke ʻē aʻe, e nui ana ka lono a ʻoi aku ka lono ma mua o nā poʻe ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano.

Loaʻa ka wāwae mua ma ka wāwae ʻākau a he liʻiliʻi ka nui. Palalulu ka lole, mālie a lōʻihi.

ʻO ke kino o luna ke ʻalani a ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele hina, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻO ka ʻōpū a i ʻole hina paha ka ʻōpū i ke kala.

ʻO kahi nīnū pōkole loa, ʻaʻole e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, ua nele i ke ʻano o nā aniani malamalama ma nā maka.

ʻEkolu ʻekolu o nā manamana pālule, ʻo ka ʻūhā wahine i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōpio auditory nui. ʻO ka ʻōmole hoʻonaninani o kēia mau huila he 40. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo ka ʻaha luna kiʻekiʻe o kēia rodent ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻohe mea kukui uila a puni ka maka maka hiʻohiʻona o nā peke koa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka huelo he pubescent maikaʻi loa a he hiʻona nani ʻono ʻo ia ma kona ʻaoʻao.

He aha nā mea e nānā ai?

ʻO waho, ka like ʻana o nā poʻe holboʻi e like me nā ʻano nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona me ke poʻo, ma muli o nā ʻano, ʻokoʻa ʻole mai 10 a 30 cm, ke kaupaʻa ʻia lākou mai 45 a i 500 gram. ʻO ka huelo o nā holoholona ka lōʻihi, aneane like me ka lōʻihi o ke kino, uhi ʻia i ka lauoho pōkole. ʻO kaʻeleʻele a palupalu ka hulu, i nā waihoʻoluʻu o nā hina a me kaʻulaʻula.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ke Akua, ka mea hana i kahi jumper, ua like ia me ka mea e hele aku nei i nā mea hoʻohuli: ua lawe ʻo ia i nā wāwae ʻalā mai kahi kangaroo, ke kāʻei a me ka huelo mai ka ihele nui, a ʻo ka proboscis mai kahi elepani. Hoʻokomo pū kekahi mau ʻano pipi i nā ʻeke pipi, e like me ka hamsters, kahi i waiho ai nā mea lele i nā lako meaʻai. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kahi hui like ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona he nui kūpono ia o kahi hoʻololi o nā holoholona i nā kūlana ola paʻakikī.

ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa i ka jumper paha ia he proboscis lōʻihi lōʻihi. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hāpai, hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hoʻoili ia. Pēlā i ka ihu e ʻole ai e kōkua i ka jumper i ka manaʻo pono i kāna mea pio - nā kime, nā kopa a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā wāwae ellikated me nā kuʻekuʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e like me nā wāwae o ka kangaroo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻanaka kuʻuna o nā peke e like me ka poʻe o ka jeboas, nui nā ʻano hele like i kahi lōʻihi. Mālama kekahi ʻōpū i nā holoholona i ka pilikia - holo lākou mai nā ʻenemi me nā peke lōʻihi. Mahalo i nā wāwae lōʻihi a me ka ʻōnaehana ramified o nā ala, ʻaʻole ia he mea paʻakikī no ka jumper e waiho mamao loa ma hope o kāna mau mea hahai - nāhelehele a me nā mamalia manuahi. Akā, ʻo ke ala maʻamau o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea lele e holo ana ma nā wāwae ʻehā.

Loaʻa i ka poʻe holoku āpau ka laulā lōʻihi, hiki iā lākou ke kaula i waho o ke kaʻe o ka ihu a huki ka hua liʻiliʻi i loko o ko lākou waha.

ʻO nā poʻe lele kahi mea hana maikaʻi. Ke kiʻi ʻia lākou, maʻa pinepine lākou e hoʻohana i kā lākou mau niho kūpono i kūkulu ʻia.

Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau

Ka alakaʻi ʻo Springboks i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻoikaika ana a i nā hola wela loa. ʻO kēia nā holoholona kūloko maoli.

ʻO ka papaʻai o nā poʻe peke, nā pōpoki, nā pīpī, millipedes, nā ʻoni, nā huaʻōlelo o nā ʻōpū, nā huawa a me nā huaʻai.

Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā holoholona i nā alapona momona maikaʻi. I nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i ke aʻa o ka huelo, ma ka umauma a i ʻole ma nā ʻāpana o nā wāwae. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo huna o nā honi manu e nā holoholona wale nō no ka kamaʻilio ʻana me nā hoahānau, akā e ʻae iā lākou e mākaʻikaʻi i ke ala i huakaʻi a holo i kahi ākea.

Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā poʻe kime e kamaʻilio e hoʻohana ana i nā kani. Hōʻalo kekahi mau mea kani i nā kani kani, e ʻoki ana i ka wāwae o ka ʻeha ma ka ʻāina, aʻo kekahi poʻe e ʻimi i kā lākou huelo ma ka ʻeha. Inā ʻoe e hopu i kahi mea hoʻāno, hana nui ʻo ia i nā kani nui.

Ka helu ʻāina

I ka makahiki 1996, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka mea ʻokekele pōkole ma ka IUCN Red List me ka kūlana o nā "ʻano hānai" (Pā wale) Eia nō naʻe, i ka makahiki 2003 ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kūlana i "nānā i ka pilikia" (ʻO ka hopohopo maikaʻi loa), no ka mea, ʻoiai ke kaila o ka lehulehu haipule, ke pālahalaha nei kēia ʻano ma luna o kahi āpana nui, ka hapa nui i kipa ʻia e nā arid (arid) i loaʻa i ka loli. Noho ka hoʻopiʻi kino ʻana o nā ʻano ʻōiwi e nā kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā savannah.

Ka maikaʻi, ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonaʻauao

Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea maluhia i nā kaona maoli ma kā lākou ʻano - kekahi holoholona like, ʻoiai ʻo kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e noho ana ma kahi o kahi pākahi kilomita a no ka hapa nui o kona ola e hoʻāʻo e ʻae me kona mau hoahānau. I ka manawa wale o ka manawa hana, hiki i ka poʻe neʻe pōkole ke hele i ka ʻimi i kā lākou "hapa ʻelua."

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pihi pōkole i makemake ʻia i ke ola o ke ao a me ka lā, a ʻoi aku hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka pō. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i ka ʻāwīwī o ka ʻAmelika wela i ka honu i kēia: ʻo ka mea, ke makemake nei kēia mau holoholona i ka puka mai ko lākou mau keʻena i kahi ahiahi wela loa, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka lā a i ʻole e hele i ka pā wela, e lawe ana i ka lepo lepo. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe wale nō, ke kū nei nā manu ʻai manu ke hiki ke hoʻololi i kā lākou hana a hoʻomaka e hōʻike i ka hana i ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai o ke kālele:

• nā anoisiki āpau
• hōʻano liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā holoholona āpau e like me nā popo a me nā termite, akā i nā manawa pōloli ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou e noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu kanu: nā huaʻa, nā huaʻa a i ʻole ʻūhū o nā mea kanu ʻōpio.

Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hale a i ʻole kahi home , a laila hoʻomālamalama nui nā elepani elepani a me ka palaka liʻiliʻi, no ka mea makemake lākou e huddle i nā "hale" ʻē aʻe o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mea like, ʻaʻole pono! Hiki i kahi ʻōlima elepani ke ʻeli pono i kona home pono ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka paʻakikī, ʻoiai inā he malū palupalu mauʻu ma lalo o kona mau wāwae.

ʻO nā puʻupuʻu a me nā puʻupuʻu ʻo Jumpers

Hānau kūleʻa Hoʻomaka ia i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka hāʻule, e hāʻule ana i ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. Hānau ka ʻoka ma waena o 50-60 mau lā, ma hope a hānau ka wahine i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha i liʻiliʻi ʻole ʻia hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻonohonoho i nā wahi kūikawā a i ʻole no ka nisa no ka hānau ʻana o kā lākou mau keiki e hiki mai ana.

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻolele pōkole liʻiliʻi ma hope o kekahi mau hola ua hiki iā lākou ke neʻe a ʻike i kahi ākea. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kapaʻokoʻa loa he kūʻokoʻa, no ka mea, e like me ka momi āpau, pono ka ʻai mua i ka waiū makuahine. ʻO ka hānai mua e loaʻa koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā cubs. I kēlā me kēia hope aʻe - i ka pō nui.

Pono ia e ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi ʻo ka wahine ka hapa o ka manawa i like me kāna keiki ʻole. Ua poina loa ke kāne i ke ola o lākou, ʻoiai nā keiki ponoʻī e noho maluhia ana i loko o ka wahi i loaʻa iā lākou, i kekahi manawa ke hele i waho e ʻimi i kēia wahi. Aia wale ma ka hopena o ka lā e hoʻomanaʻo ka makuahine makuahine i nā kuleana makua. Hiki iā ia ke hānai i kāna mau pēpē 3-5 mau pō i ka pō. Akā e ulu nui ana nā keiki, loli ka nui o ko lākou helu i hoʻokahi i ka lā. A i nā lā 16-20, e haʻalele ka poʻe holomua i kā lākou puka maoli a hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO nā peke elephant huluhulu ʻelele ʻaʻole i waena o nā holoholona kaulana. Eia nō naʻe, i ka home, i ke kumu. ʻAʻohe lākou i ka hao a hiki ʻole ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka hale kūʻai holoholona. ʻO ka hapa paha, ʻo ke kanaka e makemake i ia holoholona like ʻole e hui aku i kekahi o nā zoza i hana i ko lākou ulu manu ʻana. A he nui no kekahi o lākou. ʻAʻole e haʻi ʻia ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa loea i ka hana o ka holoholona ke hoʻomaka e haʻalele iā ia mai kahi loaʻa ʻole.

ʻOiai ke ʻano like o ka rodents, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kēlā "hana" ma ka home he paʻakikī paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaka ʻana iā lākou. ʻO kēia mau pilikia e pili pono ana i ka makaʻala ascetic o ka holoholona, ​​ka hānai ʻana i nā pepeke a me nā kikoʻī o nā mea ponoʻī.

Paʻaʻaha loa! ʻO kekahi hihia, mai kahiʻike o ke ʻano ma ke ʻano o kēia kaʻina mea ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī. E ʻike iā ʻoe iho: lawe mākou i kahi elephant a hōʻemi iā ia i ka nui o kahi iole, ka ʻona, ʻae? ʻO ka mea maʻamau paha, ʻo ia nō ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana mai o ka elephant.

I kekahi āpau, hoʻowahāwahā nā kānaka ʻepekema no nā makahiki he nui, a pēlā pū kekahi, a pēlā aku. A i waena o nā mea pīpī-like like, a me nā inikini, a me nā ʻūhā.

A ma ka hope loa, oki lākou i ka ʻoki ʻana o nā poʻe lele elepani o ka haole ʻAuhū , ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻakaʻaka ʻia nā holoholona, ​​pili, ʻaʻole ʻakaʻaka nō ʻoe, ʻoiai, nā elepani! ʻO lākou, mau poʻe pihi, ʻoiai hoʻi i loko o nā Zoos e mālama ʻia ma kēia ʻaoʻao o ke ʻano nui.

He aha ka 'eleu elepana? He liʻiliʻi ʻuʻuku kēia, a hiki i ka 10 kenimika lōʻihi a ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ka 50 gram shaggy ʻoi ka haki ʻana i nā wāwae wāwae me ka maka pīhoihoi a me ka huelo ʻokiʻoki lōʻihi. Ua puni nā pepeiao, e like me ka cheburashka, akā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi. Ua ola wale kēia hana mana ma Aferika a ʻaʻole ʻo ia e neʻe mai ia wahi aku, ke ʻole makemake ka poʻe nona nā zoos e ʻike.

Akā ke neʻe nei, ʻo kahi jumper, e like me ka "hōkū" capricious, e koi ana i kahi ʻano kūikawā: ke keʻena o ka lumi hoʻokipa maikaʻi loa a i ʻole he hou aʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​mea ola ola ʻole no ka ʻaina kakahiaka, a me ka ʻaina awakea, nā huaʻai, he hou, ke kīwī kolo. Akā ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā ʻili a me nā termite.

I ke ala, no kēia kumu, a no nā kumu'ē aʻe he nui, e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole e mālama i kahi jumper elepani i ka home. ʻAʻole kēia he holoholona ma ka home, ʻaʻole maʻalahi hoʻi me ia i ka zoo. Akā pēlā kēia, ma ke ala.

Pahuʻi ka ihu o ka holoholona i like me ka ʻanā, no ka mea i kapa ʻia ka pelepole he elepani. A no ke aha, ʻo ka mea jumper? Maalea loa nā mea a pau ma aneʻi. He inoa pili kēia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā nīneka ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā zoologists pale-pale. ʻO ka ʻoi loa a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hind o ka holoholona ma mua o ka mua a i kona pōpilikia ana, kū ʻo ia ma kēia mau wāwae a lele koke i ka lewa, e like me ka kangaroo miniature.

A inā ua maopopo ka lewa, aʻaʻohe ʻenemi kahi e kokoke ai, a laila ʻaʻole e hoʻopau ka hopper i kona ikaika a mālie me ka mālie hele ʻana ma nā wāwae āpau ʻehā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mamao ke lele i ka jumper ʻaʻole i lawa ke olakino, a ʻaʻole like kona nui. Akā ʻo ia ma ka maʻamau ke hiki i ka lua i hiki ai i kekahi ke kali i kahi pilikia. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hele ka mea holomua mai ko lākou mau lua, ʻaʻole maopopo?

ʻAʻole maʻalahi loa ka hana ʻana i ke jumper. I kēia hana, pono ʻoe e hoʻoweliweli iā ia, a laila holo nā mea. Me ke ala, inā e makaʻu iki iā ʻoe i ka holoholona (no ka laʻana, lawe koke ʻoe iā ia, hihiu a kīlei ʻia i loko o kou mau lima) a laila e hāʻawi pū ai i kahi leo - e hoʻomaka ana i ka squeak.ʻOiai ka mea maʻamau i ke ola, ʻo ka jumper a piha ka taciturn.

Kuokoa mai ka hānau ʻana

He manu momeri nā holoholona, ​​akā ʻaʻole e noho ma ka ʻāʻī o kona makua i kahi manawa lōʻihi, a hānau hoʻokahi kūʻokoʻa: i kāna kapa ponoʻī a me nā maka ākea kokoke. Mahope o ka hānai ʻana i ʻekolu mau pule me kona makuahine (ʻo ka mea ʻaʻole ia i kūkulu i nā moena no kona hānau ʻana), a me ka ʻole o ka ʻike ʻana i kona makuakāne (ʻo ia ka mea i hele aku ma kahi o kona hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻi mai), hele aku ke jumper i ka ʻai manu ʻole. Koho ʻo ia i ʻūlū ai a ʻālapa paha i ka lua a noho ʻo ia a noho i loko o kahi mare a hiki i ka hopena o ka makahiki.

Hoʻopau nā Jumpers i nā kāne wale nō no ka pono o ka pōkole, ma ia wā e lulu koke ai a ʻaʻohe pono i kekahi me kekahi a ʻaʻole pono i kahi kime. ʻOiai i kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike i nā holoholona kūlohelohe e ola nei no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka ʻelua, ʻekolu, akā, he aniani kēia, ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e nā pilikia paʻakikī: he wahi liʻiliʻi no ka noho ʻana, ka ʻāina kahi i kahi aneʻi ai ʻoe e ʻeli ai i kahi lua a i ʻole lua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a nui aku. haua loa. ʻO ia, noho kekahi mau poʻe lele e kokoke kokoke ana, kokoke i hoʻokahi lua. Akā ke noho nei lākou e like me ka hale o kahi kaiāulu, ʻaʻole mālama i kēlā me kēia i kekahi, inā pono, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻO ke ola o nā mea hele elepani, he maʻalahi a hewa ʻole. ʻO ke ao ka manawa o ka hana kiʻekiʻe. Pono ʻoe e hopu a ʻai i nā popo, neʻe mai ka lāʻau i ka lāʻau e like me kāu pono, a i ke awakea āu e kū ai i nā wāwae hind outstretched a bask i ka lā. I ke ahiahi, pono ʻoe i ʻelua mau manawa e ʻai ai, a, hiki, e piʻi i loko o kahi lua a i ʻole nā ​​mea pōmole pō.

Noho ka ola ma loko o ka holoholona ma kahi kokoke i ke papa like. Ma ke ala, i Moscow zoo ka eleu jumper i kū mua mai ai ma ka 1991 wale nō, i ka hōʻea ʻana mai ʻAmelika Hema. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, mālama ʻia nā mea pana ma zoos ma Minsk, Riga, Grodno a me ka Berlin.

Jumper waʻa pepeiao. Macroscelides proboscideus ) ʻano like me ka mea i make i kona mau pānaʻi: i kā lākou ʻōlelo, kālai ʻo ia i kona ihu i nā wahi āpau a aneane a nalo. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou i haehae ia mea, akā hoʻonui nui lākou.

ʻO kēia ka lālā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana jumper. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino he 9.4-12.5 cm wale, kaho - mai 9.8 a 13.1 cm. ʻO kēia pēpē maʻamau ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o 50 g. ʻO ka mea mua e hopu ana i kou maka he ʻōpala, ʻakiʻaha loa elongated. . ^ E Ha yM. Akā, nā pepeiao, ma ka liʻiliʻi, ua liʻiliʻi loa a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mau mea i pili me ia.

ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi o kahi mea hana pōkole ua lōʻihi a lōʻihi. Ma ka luna, hiki ke ʻeleʻele ma ka aniani, ʻomaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka melemele, e hilinaʻi ana ma ka ʻaoʻao e pili ana iā ia, akā ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka hina-keʻokeʻo ia. ʻO ka huelo kekahi pōpō maikaʻi. Aia ma kona ʻaoʻao he lime ʻano ʻono.

Noho kēia mau pēpē ma ke komohana hema o ʻApelika Hema. Loaʻa lākou ma Namibia, ʻApelika Hema a me Botekana hema. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi kaʻawale o nā ʻano he 500,000 mau kilomita square, a ʻo kahi jumper no kahi ola hauʻoli a maikaʻi hoʻi e pono ai ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilomika square.

ʻAi lākou i ka anai, a me nā mea ʻino like ʻole. I kekahi manawa ua ʻai lākou i nā hua kanu, nā hua ʻai a me nā aʻa. Hoʻohana i ke ao, a e nui nā manaʻo i nā hola wela loa. Eia kekahi, makemake lākou e bask i ka lā, e kū ana ma nā wāwae pololei, e lawe i ka ʻauamo lepo.

'ʻOiaʻiʻo,' aʻole nā ​​manu o ka mea 'ai - inā' aʻole iki lākou i ka lawaiʻa me kekahi jumper gape-hopped. No laila, aloha nā holoholona aloha, akā mālama nā holoholona mālama i ka hūnā i nā mea ulu palupalu a alakaʻi i kahi nohona pōkole. Hiki ke ʻike mau ʻia lākou i ka lā a i ke kakahiaka, i ka holo koke ʻana ma waena o kekahi kahua hoʻoneʻe i kekahi i kekahi.

E alakaʻi nā poʻe loea pōkole i kahi noho mehameha, kahi hui wale nō no ka moe ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka cohabitation o kekahi mau kanaka ma kahi pūnaewele a i ʻole ka nui o ka ʻai a puni, holo pono nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO ka pinepine ka noho ʻana i nā ʻākeke rodent ʻole, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke eli iā lākou iho. He maʻalahi a pololei ka home o ka mea noho. Hoʻohanau koke nā wahine i nā hua, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo pono he hoʻonohonoho no kēia mea hou, ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu.

I hoʻokahi makahiki, ua hoʻokō ka wahine e lawe i ʻekolu mau pipi, aʻo ka hapai i kāna wahine mau ʻo 56-60 mau lā. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hānau ʻia nā pēpē ʻelua (ʻoi aku ka nui o hoʻokahi), kahi e hoʻomōhala ʻia. Ua haʻalele ʻo ko lākou makuahine iā lākou i loko o kahi e mālama ai, a ua haʻalele ʻo ia no kāna mau ponoʻī.

Hele mai ʻo ia iā lākou e hānai iā lākou, ke koena ka manawa i waiho ʻia ai i kā lākou mea pono, no ka mea ʻaʻole ko lākou makuakāne iā lākou. Ma ka lā 18-25 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, ua kaʻahele a puni lākou e ʻike i kā lākou pūnaewele ponoʻī a hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. I nā makahiki 43, lilo lāua i moena.

ʻAʻole noho lōʻihi nā mea lele pōkole e noho nei: ma ka wao nahele no 1-2 mau makahiki, ma ka noho pio - mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ua nui lākou, a ma ka laulā, ke kūlana o nā ʻano pili ʻole i hopohopo. E pōʻino wale nā ​​mea hele: nā wahi a lākou i koho ai no ke ola ʻaʻole aloha maoli i nā kānaka - he nui wale nō hoʻi a me ke ola ʻole.

Nā hui nui no ka ʻohana o ka mau mommianʻAmelika a hiki i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole, ʻehā mau ʻano o ka nui: nui, ʻae a he liʻiliʻi.

Aia i ka pili ʻana i kekahi ʻano, hiki i ka nui o ke kino o kahi rodent ke hoʻololi i ka 10 a 30 cm, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka huelo e like me 8 a 25 cm. Jumper i ke kiʻi He helehelena maikaʻi loa a he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, akā i ke ola maoli a paʻakikī loa ke noʻonoʻo ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe.

He lōʻihi loa ka helehelena o nā peke āpau, lōʻihi loa, a i ʻole nā ​​pepeiao o kekahi rodent. Hoʻopau loa nā wāwae i nā manamana lima a ʻelima paha, lōʻihi loa nā wāwae hind. ʻO ke kapa o ka holoholona a palupalu, lōʻihi, hilinaʻi ke kala i nā ʻano - mai ka melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele.

Noho ka holoholona nui ma luna o nā awāwa, i ulu nui ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau a iʻa mauʻu paha, loaʻa nō hoʻi i nā ululāʻau. Ma muli o ke kapa ākea, ʻaʻole ka lawehala e ʻae i ka wela a no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā wahi i kā ʻia ai i kahi mau wahi o ke ola mau.

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā forelimbs i hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻeli i ka ʻāina paʻakikī me ka maʻalahi. ʻO kekahi manawa kōkua kēia iā lākou e hana i kā lākou iho kīʻaha, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea rodents e noho ai i nā hale hona o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka paepae.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hele ke noho wale ma loko o nā pua, akā he mea paʻa pono ʻole o nā pōhaku a i nā lālā ākea a me nā aʻa o nā kumu maikaʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau rodents ko lākou hiki ke neʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻehā a i ʻole ʻelua mau wāwae.

No laila holoholona hoʻomehana me ka pau ʻole, hoʻowalewale ʻo ia me kāna mau wāwae āpau, e neʻe malie ka neʻe ma ka ʻāina "ma ka wāwae". Eia nō naʻe, inā he pilikia a i ka wā e hopu ai i ka pōʻino, i ka manawa o ka rodent e holo wikiwiki i kekahi wahi, e kau wale ana ma luna o kona mau wāwae hind a lele koke. ʻO ka huelo, ka lōʻihi o kahi lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, i hāpai pinepine ʻia a i ʻole e kū ai no ka holoholona ma ka lepo, ʻaʻole i ka ʻāʻī o ka laka ma ka ʻili ma hope ona.

He mea paʻakikī loa e hālāwai me ke jumper i loko o ka hale kūlohelohe maoli, ʻoiai he hilahila loa ka holoholona, ​​a me kāna mau pepeiao kelepona, ʻike ʻia i nā kani kani, hiki iā ia ke lohe i ka hele ʻana o ka pōpilikia ma kahi mamao loa. Noho kēia mau koʻokoʻo, ma Zanzibar. Ma ka huina holoʻokoʻa ka ʻohana o nā vortexes ʻehā mau moʻomeheʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻano he ʻumikumamāhā.

Kāne Jumper a me ke ʻano

ʻO ke koho o kahi o ke ola no nā holoholona ma muli o kona pili ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano. I keia ala, ʻūlū elepū hiki ke noho i kekahi wahi, mai ka wao nahele a i ka wao nahele, ʻoiai pōkā puʻupuʻu pokole hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu i nā wahi āpau.

ʻO nā loiloi o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i nā holoholona terrestrial. E like me ka mea liʻiliʻi āpau, aia lākou i kelepona nui ʻia. ʻO ka pihi o ka hana e kū ana i ke ao, akā naʻe, inā wela ka holoholona i ka wā o ka lā, ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka lā a me ka pōʻeleʻele.

Ke peʻe nei nā poʻe puhipū mai ka wela i kekahi mau wahi āpau - ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i loko o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā mauʻu, ma ko lākou mau lua a me nā lua ʻē aʻe, ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā peke e noho ana a hoʻokahi a me nā luna o nā kāne monogamous.

I ke kiʻi aia he jumper elephant

Eia naʻe, i kekahi hihia, pale ikaika kēia mau koʻokoʻo i ko lākou hale ponoʻī a me ke kaiona e pili pono ana iā ia. Eia kekahi, i nā hihia i ka wā e noho ai nā poholikua i nā pālua, mālama nā kāne i kā lākou wahine ponoʻī mai nā kāne haole, hoʻokō nā kaikamahine i ka hana like ma nā wahine ʻē.

No laila, hiki i ka hakakā ʻana i nā holoholona ke lilo i ka huhū i nā lālā o kā lākou iho ʻano. Nā poʻe lele holo lōʻihi he meaʻokoʻa i kēia hiʻohiʻona. Hiki i nā ʻaina monogamous ke ʻano nei i nā kolone nui a mālama pū i ka ʻāpana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe.

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i kani nā mea lele, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā moe, ka hakakā a me ke kaumaha. Eia naʻe, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hōʻike lewa ʻole a makaʻu paha me ke kōkua o kahi huelo lōʻihi - kā lākou kikokū i ka ʻāina, i kekahi manawa e haki ana i nā wāwae hind.

ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia kekahi mau manawa lele e lele a kokoke i kekahi i kekahi, no ka laʻana inā ʻaʻole i lawa nā wahi i loko o ka moku e hana ai i nā lua a i ʻole kahi mea liʻiliʻi e hana ai. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pili mai nā rodents e pili ana i kekahi, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻouka kaua kekahi i kekahi.

I ke kiʻi, he jumper lōʻihi loa

Mea ʻai

Ua makemake kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi eʻai. Hiki iā ia ke kolo, ka huaʻōlelo a me nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, inā e hālāwai nā jumper ma ke ʻano o nā lau o nā mea ʻai, hua a me nā huaʻai, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole iā lākou, me ka hua maikaʻiʻai.

Pēlā ke kānāwai, ʻo ka jumper e noho mau ana ma ka ʻāina hoʻokahi e ʻike pono kahi e hele ai i ka ʻahaʻaina. No ka laʻana, pōloli, hiki i ka holoholona ke hele mālie i ka laʻalohi kokoke (inā he mau keiki a he ala ala i ka manawa).

ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai like - ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, hiki i kahi jumper ke hoʻomaha i kahi kokoke, a laila hoʻomau i ka ʻai, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻi hou i kona lua no ka hiamoe lōʻihi. ʻAʻole e nalowale nā ​​kumu waiwai like ʻole ma kahi o ko lākou wahi maʻamau, a ʻike pono ka jumper.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

I ka manu hihiu, kekahi mau ʻano o ka poʻe lele aʻe he monogamous, ʻo kekahi mau alakaʻi i kahi ala noho wale ʻana, ka hui ʻana me nā hoahānau wale nō no ka hānai.

ʻO ka wā e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ana mai ka hopena o ke kauwela - ka mua o ka hāʻule. A laila, i nā mea male monogamous, e hele ana ka hana kaʻina, a ua hoʻoweliweli nā mea kime hoʻokahi e haʻalele iki i kahi manawa mai kā lākou mau wahi maʻamau o ka nohona i mea e loaʻa ai ka hoa.

ʻO ka hāpaiʻana i kahi jumper wahine i kahi lōʻihi - e pili ana i ʻelua mau mahina. I ka nui o nā manawa, ua hānau ʻia ʻelua mau kūkia, ʻokoʻa pinepine - hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana kūikawā i hānai i nā keiki ma laila: ʻo ia ke hana i loko o kahi ākea kokoke loa i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia a i ʻole ʻo ia i loko o kāna lua. ʻIa ʻike nā ʻelima o ka ʻōpala a hoʻolohe maikaʻi, loaʻa i kahi kapa lōʻihi. Aia ma ka lā mua o ke ola, hiki koke iā lākou ke neʻe aku.

I ke kiʻi, ʻo ka jumper'ōpiopio

ʻAʻole kaulana nā wahine o kēia ʻohana i kā lākou ikaika male - ʻaʻole lākou e mālama a ʻaʻole hōʻoluʻolu i kā lākou pēpē, ʻo kā lākou hana mau wale nō ka hānai i nā keiki waiū i kekahi mau manawa i kahi lā (a pinepine i hoʻokahi).

Ma hope o ka 2-3 hebedoma, haʻalele ka poʻe keiki i ko lākou wahi huna a noho kūʻokoʻa e ʻimi no ka ʻai a me ko lākou wahi e noho ai. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ua mākaukau lākou no ka hoʻohālikelike.

I loko o ka hihiu, ola ka jumper i 1-2 mau makahiki, i ka hoʻopio hiki ke noho i 4 mau makahiki. E kūʻai i kahi jumper he mea hiki paha i kahi hale kūʻai kūikawā, pono wale nō ʻoe e hana i nā ʻano āpau i ʻike ʻoluʻolu.

Kāleka

ʻO nā pā liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻohana hoppers: ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke he 9.5-12.4 cm, ʻo ka ʻili ke 9.7-13 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana he 40-50 g. ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me kona mau pepeiao ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He ʻūpiki loa nā muzzle, elongated loa. He lōʻihi a palupalu ka helehelena lauoho. Kāleka i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino - mai ke one-brown kay a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me nā aniani ʻokoʻa, ma ka lalo - lighter, hina-hina. ʻAʻohe mea māmeni kukui hiʻona i mau naʻalālani a puni nā maka. ʻO ka huelo he pubescent maikaʻi, me kahi hiʻi ʻono ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao. Hoʻemi ʻia ka manamana mua ma nā wāwae hind a ua paʻa me kahi claw. Loaʻa i ka wahine nā ʻekolu o nā manamana wahine. ʻO kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka ʻiwi he nui bona auditory bullae. Teaka 40.

Ke noho maʻamau

Noho kekahi punahele mākū pōkole e noho ana i nā savannas shrubas a me nā pani ma kahi o ke kahakai hema o South Africa, e noho ana ma Namibia, Southern Botswana a me South Africa. ʻO kona wahi māhele ma mua o 500,000 km².

ʻO ke ola ke ola nui i ke ao, ikaika a hiki i nā hora wela o ke ao, ke aloha nei nā mea pīpī e bask i ka lā a lawe paha i nā ʻauamo lepo. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli mai nā mea kai kūlohelohe (ʻoi aku nā manu o ka mea make) hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi iā lākou i kā lākou aupuni a hele i ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai i ka lāʻalā, e hūnā ana i waena o nā mea kanu i ka lā. ʻOiai he puuhonua, maʻa mau lākou e lawelawe i nā ʻāhiu pohō a i ʻole a me nā ʻūlū paha i ʻeli e ka jumper iā ia iho i ka ʻāina one. Mālama ʻia ka hīpeni nui wale nō a i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa ʻana - ma nā pālua. ʻO nā wahi i noho ai e ka jumper ma mua o 1 km².

ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe jumper pōkole i nā mea iniketi, ʻoi loa nā popo a me nā huaʻōlelo, a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi. E hoʻopau pū i kekahi nui o ka meaʻai mea kanu - mea kanu pua, aʻa a me nā hua.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi o ka mea hoʻolālā bimo pōkole

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ke aʻo ʻana o kēia ʻano he mea hoʻomanaʻo maoli paha i kahi hoʻohenehene. ʻAʻole wale kēlā lā i kēia lā, akā kaʻepekema.

Hoʻopau ka Springboks i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu - nā pua kanu, nā aʻa a me nā hua.

I ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kēia holoholona ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina o ʻApelika, hoʻāʻo ʻo nā mea kuʻuna o ka poʻe biologist e ʻike ʻo wai ia, he makemake maoli maoli. Akā ʻo wai ka mea e like ia? Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe akā ʻo nā mea lele o ka like like. I ka wā mua, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea pōkole pōkole loa i ka detectivorous detachment, me ka manaʻo he pili kokoke nei lāua i ka hedgehogs, nā makaō a me nā mol. Akā, ma hope o kekahi manawa, nānā iki nā kānaka ʻepekema i kēia mammal, "manaʻo maikaʻi aku ia iā ia" a, i ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hui o ke aniani kuapo lima, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ka mea nui loa i nā mea āpau, inā ʻaʻole i nui ka kani leo ʻana, e like me ka primate! Ma hope o kēia, ua hana ʻia kahi manaʻo e haʻi aku i nā poʻe loiloi i hoʻokumu mua ʻia i ka papa mua.

Loaʻa ka hapanui poʻohiwi paʻa ʻokoʻa i ka wā hānai.

ʻAʻole kū ʻo Paleontologists a hōʻike i ka manaʻo ʻo ka poʻe lele i ka primates no ka kumu maʻalahi hoʻi he mau hoahānau pili lāua i nā puʻupaʻa kahiko. No laila, i ka manawa pōkole loa, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka jumper i kahi pili i nā hedgehog a me nā moʻo a me nā lio. ʻAʻole nō i hoʻopiʻi i kēlā me kēia ʻimiʻepekema i ka honua ʻepekema, a ua hoʻoholo nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka manaʻo like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mau holoholona ʻano ʻae i kahi pāʻina ʻē aʻe nona nā o lākou wale nō, i hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa Latin Macroscelidae.

Nā kumuwaiwai

• Kahua manu: in 7 vols / Ed. V. E. Sokolova. T.7. Nā Mamali - 2nd ed., Hou ʻia. - M .: Kaona, 1989 .-- 558 s (p. 99).
• Dohring, A. 2002. "Macroscelides proboscideus" (On-line), Pūnaewele Diversity holoholona. Kahuia 11 Aperila 2007.
• Stuart, C., Perrin, M., FitzGibbon, C., Griffin, M. & Smit, H. 2006. Macroscelides proboscideus. ^ E Ha yM. I: IUCN 2006. ʻIUCN Red List of Thondrened Spiesies. Kikiia i ka la 11 o Aperila, 2007.

E hana nā mākua

ʻAʻole mālama ka makua i ka hānai keiki. Hānau ka wahine i loko o ka puʻuwai, akā ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā hona. Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, hiki iā ia ke haʻalele i kāna mau ʻōpiopio, akā hoʻi hou i ka pō e hānai iā lākou. E like me ka hapanui o ka mau momi e hānau ana i nā ʻōpala makua, ua palena ʻia ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana ma ka umauma, nā ʻōnaehana aʻo, a me ka pale mai nā poʻe predator.