Ma waho paha e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā manu hoʻoilo nui loa - titmouse.

ʻOiai ke hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kahi ʻumi a puni, ke ʻike nei au i ka nui o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ke ola o kēia mau manu. Ināʻaʻole maloʻo e heluhelu, ma ka hope o ke wikiō.

ʻO Titmouse (Latin Paridae) kekahi ʻohana o nā mele mele mele me kahi ʻaka pōkole ʻoi a me ke kala ʻae o ke poʻo, i kekahi manawa me kahi kolamu, ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau ʻehā a me ʻAmelika. Ma ka māhele o nā ʻāina CIS nā ʻumi he nui e noho ana:

- Nui tit (Parus nui),

- ʻehā tit (Parus liʻiliʻi),

- nā tit titina (Lophophanes cristatus),

- titula ʻulaʻula maʻamau (Cyanistes caeruleus),

- Kaʻena Blue (Cyanistes cyanus),

- Moscow (Periparus ater),

- gadget-poʻo kaomi (Poecile montana),

- gaiter ʻeleʻeleʻele (poecile palustris),

- ka hulu hina-hina (Poecile cinctus)

- yew tit (Poecile varius).

- Ua pololi nui loa ka kia - e ʻai mau loa ia i loko o ke ao, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia pōloli: e hānai like ana i ka mea āpau e huna ai i kāna mea make, a laila, inā pōloli, ʻai. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna mau ʻāpana ʻāpana i kahi wahi paʻa - hollow, crevice.

- Mālama nui ka ʻai wahi e ʻai ai. Mālama ʻo ia i nā mea iniseti e like me nā silkworm a me nā kukuna puaʻa, aʻo ka hapa nui o nā manu, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i kēia mau manu.

- No laila, loaʻa ka ʻike pili mua e pili ana i ka tit i nā hana kānāwai mua e pili ana i ka pale o nā manu, kahi e waiho ai, aia pū kekahi i nā hua mele i ka pono o ka lewa. Aia ke kānāwai i ka makahiki 13, kahi i 1328, ma ke kauoha a Louis o Bavaria, "ua kau ʻia ka uku nui no kēlā kanaka e makemake ana e pepehi i ka ʻumi - ʻo ia ka mea hana huna manuahi keu".

- Ma ka laulā, nui nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, akā ʻike ka Lūkini - ʻo ia nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nui tits". Noho lākou ma Rusia. A i ke ʻano o ka momona i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻāpana nui, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka titmouse: blue tit, Muscovite, gait nut, ladle, a crested tit.

- Māmā a maʻalahi ka pahuhopu a hoʻomāmā nani. Ke ahonui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hānai i nā ʻnaka pōpōpō "i loko o ka ulu lāʻau a i ʻole ka māla mai ka pā lima o kou lima.

- E like me ka moʻolelo kahiko kahiko o ka Lūkia, nā manu hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo - tits, waxwings, carduelis, jays - lele e ka lā 12 Nowemapa. I ke kauwela, mālama kēia mau manu i ka nahele, a me ke ʻano anuanu mua lākou e neʻe aku nei i kahi kanaka. Aia kahi hōʻailona: inā nui ka nui o nā kahe a puni ka hale - kali no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua anuanu.

- ka hapanui o nā ʻona he mau honu. I ke kauwela, hānai nā manu i nā mea inikini a me nā mea kanu kanu, no laila e hoʻokō ana i kā lākou manamana koʻikoʻi e pale i nā mea kanu mai nā ʻano like ʻole.

- ʻAʻole ka inoa inoa "tit" mai ka polū o nā ʻāpana manu o kēia mau manu. ʻO kā mākou mau kālima a loaʻa wale nā ​​hulu hulu uliuli i ka titū uliuli, a aia wale nō ma ka lei. A loaʻa nā inoa i ko lākou inoa no nā mele sonorous hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka lei kani ʻana: "Zin-zin!"

- ʻO nā mea āpau āpau, hiki i ka mea liʻiliʻi wale nō ke kohi i kahi hakahaka nona iho i loko o kahi māla lau a maikaʻi. Hoʻohana nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe i nā hollows lāʻau i haʻalele ʻia.

- ʻAʻole hiki i nā manu ʻo ka nahele ke komo pū me nā momona, a i ʻole ka haki i ka ʻai. Ke waiho pinepine nei nā manu i kahi hapa o ka mea ʻai ma ka goiter, kahi e wikiwiki koke ai ka berena a nāhelehele, hiki iā ia ke make i kahi manu. Hoʻopilikia maoli ka palaoa Rye no ka mea ua ʻoi aku ka hū iā ia ma mua o ka palaoa.

- He nui nā inoa like ʻole ka tit tit. No kona ʻokoʻa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻīlio nui, no kāna mele sonorous - he zinziver, a no kāna mea hiki ke akamai ma luna o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau - kahi wū nahele.

- He ʻumi nui - he manu mai ka ʻohana titmouse. He māka nani a nani kēia - aia ke kapa pāpale ma luna o kona poʻo, ke keʻokeʻo nei nā ʻālio i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻōʻī kona ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a he pua uliuli ke kua. ʻO ka huelo a me nā ʻēheu ke kui a blint. Hoʻopuni a puni ke poʻo a ma ka umauma he mau ʻalā mau maka maka ʻia. ʻOi aku ka pena o nā kelei ma mua o nā wahine. ʻO ka nui, ʻo kēia manu e like me ka sparrow kaulana. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai 13 a 17 cm, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu a hiki i 26 cm.

- Mālama pinepine ka manawa pua o nā kahe nui mai Ianuali-Pepeluali a Kepakemapa. I ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, koho ke kāne kāne i kahi wahi a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hīmeni i nā mele, e kāhea ana i ka wahine i kūkulu i ka pūnana. ʻO ka moena e moe pinepine i ka lua o ka lāʻau, akā hiki ke waiho ʻia i nā niche kekahi - ma ka pōhaku, ma ka paia o ka hale a i ʻole i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka wahine wale nō ka mea e hoʻolōʻihi i ka nīnū, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻōpala maʻa mau, nā ʻūhā mauʻu o ka makahiki i hala, moss, cobwebs a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe no ia. A laila hāʻawi ka wahine i 5 a 12 mau huaʻai i loko o ka pūnana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia iā lākou no kahi hebedoma ʻelua. I kēia manawa āpau a hānai ke kāne i ka wahine. A ke hē ana nā pipi, hiki i nā mākua ʻelua ke ʻai no lākou. A hala nā hebedoma ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, lele ʻo nā moa i waho o ka pūnana, akā naʻe, no kekahi manawa ke noho kokoke nei lāua i ko lākou mau mākua, a hānai lākou iā lākou. ʻO ke kānāwai, i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua pālua ʻia nā moa ʻelua.

- ʻAʻole ka tit ka nui no ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻike maʻalahi ka lāʻau i hana ʻia e nā manu a me nā holoholona.

- Ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻikepili kaulana e ko Karl Linnaeus kaulana kaulana i ka makahiki 1758, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka inoa o kahi inoa Latin, i unuhi - ʻo ia ka tit.

- ʻO ka lele ʻana o kahi titima kahi hiʻohiʻona kūpono loa e pili ana i ka mālama ola i ka lewa. Holo wikiwiki kēia mau manu nimble, a ma ka manawa like a hiki pinepine ʻole lākou lele ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻēheu. He leʻaleʻa i ka nānā ʻana i ke neʻe lohi iki, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo pū me ka maka ʻōhū i nā mea kū like o ka lele o nā pika. A ma hope o kēlā, me kēia holo aloha ʻole ʻia, kā lākou hoʻokele ʻana i ka maneuver me kahi kīwaha hoʻi!

- ʻ Orlelo ka poʻe Ornithologists ʻo ia ke lele ʻana o ka titmouse, ʻaʻole nā ​​hawk, crane, stork a i ʻole nā ​​mea e ʻike ʻia, he ʻano hoʻohālike ia o ka makeʻe ʻana o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika. ʻO ia ke kumu e lele ai ʻo ka titmouse liʻiliʻi me ka wikiwiki loa, akā naʻe lele iki ʻo kona mau ʻēheu.

- Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻulu like ʻole i ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻohana me nā mea lāʻau a me nā pikas a ʻo nā ʻāpana like i lele i ka nahele ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai. Inā makemake ʻoe iā ʻoe e hele ma ke ala o kēlā ʻohana like me ka wā e lohe ai ʻoe i nā lei hoʻopoina ʻole o nā poʻo o nā titmouses, nā mea hōʻoluʻolu a me nā puʻu, a me ka nui o nā mea kani.

- He tit, e lawe ana i kahi huaʻala (no ka laʻana, ka meloka), mai hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ma kahi o, kaomi ʻana i ka achene me kahi wāwae i ka lālā, paʻa ke manu iā ia me kāna ʻūʻū a me ka ʻoki i ka ʻiʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻūlū ua ʻokiʻoki i ka hapalua i loko o ka papa, e hoʻokauwī wale nō ia i nā ʻāpana o ka pulp, akā, ʻaʻole i ʻoki i ka mea āpau.

- E ʻoluʻolu nui, hoʻomaka ka titulo nui e huki a walaʻau nui. ʻO ka like aʻe o nā kani kani e hoʻoiho i nā kūpeʻe home inā e hoʻoweliweli iā lākou

- Ua ʻike i ka ʻepekema he loaʻa kēia mau mea hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo. Hoʻomanaʻo maoli lākou i nā wahi i hoʻokele ai lākou i ka ʻai. Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Tits i nā wahi āpau i hiki ke lilo i kumu meaʻai. Hoʻohana kēia iā lākou i nā mea kōkua maikaʻi loa i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea hihiu wale nō, akā, ʻo nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe pū kekahi.

- He nāwaliwali ka tit - he pono i ka wai hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia ka manaʻo o ka manu e inu mai ka puddles. Eia nō naʻe, i ka manawa mua e ʻimi nā manu i kahi kumu wai maikaʻi, a inā he haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i nā hua ke waiho i kou pā.

- ʻO nā Ornithologists ma ke Kulanui ʻo Oxford, ma hope o nā hoʻokolohua a me nā nānā, i ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻike e pili ana i nā tits - ua mākaukau ke kime o nā ʻāpana a ua hoʻolako i ka meaʻai a ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mai kēlā me kēia no kahi manawa pōkole. Aia kēlā mau lehelehe "swan" i kēlā mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi manu.

- Ua hōʻike palupalu ʻia ka dimorphism kiʻi i ke kahe. ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he lula, ua ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā kāne, akā i ka laulā ākea nā kukuna kala. ʻO kekahi wahi kupaianaha: ʻo ke kala ʻumi lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū o nā manu i nā kāne i hoʻonui ʻia i ka huelo, a me nā wahine, ʻo ka hewa, e lilo ia i mau ʻaha. ʻO nā ʻōpala ʻōpio ʻē aʻe kekahi ʻokoʻa, me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula i lanakila ʻia i kona ʻāpana ʻulaʻula.

- ʻO ka hake a me nā mea ʻono aloha i ka wā o ka nīnū a me ka hatching hua i lilo i mea ikaika loa a hoʻokele i ka poʻe malihini mai kā lākou wahi

- Noho nā Tits i ke kūlohelohe no 1-3 mau makahiki.

- Hoʻomau mau nā ʻili i nā mea i hiki ke loli, kaomi ʻana iā lākou me kā lākou ʻaka a me ka manaʻo ʻana i ka maka me kā lākou alelo.

- Ke hiki i ka plasticity o kēia tit i ke koho i ka wahi e hoʻolako ai i nā mea hoʻohālike - i ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā loea i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā pūnoho huna ʻia i loko o kahi pā o kahi pū e kū ana i loko o ka pa o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike i ke kikowaena o St. Petersburg

- Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻo kekahi mau ʻano o nā kahe mauʻu e makemake ʻia e nā mea liʻiliʻi, ka ʻeleʻele ʻia hoʻi (kahi pā liʻiliʻi), ʻoiai lākou e mālama mau ʻia. Puhi aku i kāna mohai, no ka laʻana, he ʻumi nui, kāʻei ʻo ia i kona lolo.

- Hoʻohana koke nā manu i ka hale, ʻaʻole pono e mālama pono. Pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka ʻōpio i hiki ke hoʻopau i nā ʻāpana lāʻau o nā pūpū a me ka aviary, e huki ana iā lākou. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o lākou ʻo ka hiki ke loaʻa ka wahi liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ke kōpili a ma o ia mea i puka ai i waho. No laila, e hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā twigs i ka hale paʻahao ma mua o nā manu ʻē aʻe i kahi like like.

- I ke kauwela, ʻai ka rata i ka lemela 300-400 i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ʻai nui ia i nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā ma ke kaupaona ʻana.

- I loko wale nō o ka wā e moe ai, e puʻupuʻu ka ʻohana i nā huina a hoʻokaʻawale wehewehe i ke ʻano kai, e like me ka 50 mika.

- ʻIke ʻia ʻo Pelekane no kona hiki ke wehe i nā ʻōmole waiū i uhi ʻia i waiho ʻia e nā milkmen ma nā puka o nā hale a ʻai i ka ʻalani e holo ana ma laila.

- Tit Muscovite, ʻano like me ke kani ʻana iā ia, ʻaʻohe mea e pono ai ka Mother See. ʻO kēia mau manu o ke Keʻāina ʻo Moscow, ka wehewehe a me nā kiʻi e hōʻike ʻia nei ma lalo nei, e ʻai inoa i ko lākou inoa i kahi kamaʻilio piha ʻole. I nā bluebirds o kēia ʻano, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a ma lalo o ka beak, he pliage ka pulu i ʻoniʻoni ʻula, hana i kahi ʻano o ka maka. ʻO "Maskovka" kēia inoa o kēia mau manu mai ka wā ma hope, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa.

Kāleka

ʻO nā subspecies o nā tate, e like me ka lōʻihi a me ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia e pili ai, pono nō hoʻi e kuhikuhi ʻia i kēia ʻohana. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema aia ma mua o ka mau haneli he mau haneli manu manu, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻumiʻumi. I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia nā kiʻi maoli a kēlā mau manu i hoʻokomo maoli ʻia i ka papa inoa o kēia ʻohana. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻili hina hina i nā ʻelele o nā ʻano o kēia ʻano me ka ʻōliona ʻeleʻele ma kona pūpū, a hala kahi crest. Eia kekahi, hina ke kua o kona kua, ʻeleʻele "pōpele", aia ma nā papalina ke keʻokeʻo, a māmā ka umauma. Ke keʻokeʻo hoʻi ka ʻōpū, a me ke koʻo kaʻe ʻeleʻele e holo i waena.

Hoihoi mai e ike! ʻEleʻele iki ka hulu o ka huluhulu, a he lei pale ʻo nā kui.

Hoʻohālike ʻia ka lawelawe ʻana me ka ʻeleʻele i ke kikowaena a keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka titio nui e manaʻo ʻia nei he manu lele manuʻala a ikaika hoʻi. ʻO kāna lōʻihi lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona kino e pili ana i 15 cm, a ʻo kona paona awelika he 20 gram. Loaʻa nā ʻēheu o kahi tit i kahi kauoha o ka nui o 25 cm i ka awelika. He poʻo ʻeleʻele kēia manu a me ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna ka hiʻona o kahi ʻoliva, a ʻeleʻele ka hapa lalo. Ke keʻokeʻo nā kahele o ke ʻaukā, i ʻike maikaʻi ʻia. Hiki ke loli maoli ka kala plumage ma muli o nā subspecies o kēia ʻano.

Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano

He ʻoluʻolu a me ka makemake nā titulo kahi e noho ʻole ma kahi hoʻokahi no ka sekona. Aia nō ia ma ke neʻe mau, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he manu nui maoli ʻole e pili ana i kāna noho. ʻO ka ʻumi ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole i nā mea hakakā e hiki ai ke hōʻike i ka dexterity a me ka nānā aku. ʻO ka tit a ikaika a paʻa paha nā wāwae, no laila e hōʻike ana i nā mea kupaianaha o ka holo ʻuhane, no laila he mea hoihoi ia ke nānā.

Hōʻike hoʻi kēia manu i nā mana kūʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ke ola, kaomi nui loa i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai inā he mamao loa ia mai kāna pūnana. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona pipi ma ka lālā a hāʻule koke i ka hiamoe, huli ʻana i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu fluffy. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o kāna ʻano hana e kōkua i ka titmouse i ola i nā kūlana o ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo nui loa.

Ma aneane kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā titmys e hele a maʻa mau ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana.

A ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano o nā kahe, ua hui pū ʻia lākou e kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona mana like e pili ana i kahi kala maikaʻi, hoʻolaʻa hoʻonaninani, ʻano hana maikaʻi, me ke ʻano o kā lākou hāmeʻa a me nā mele kūʻokoʻa, e like me ka maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi titena mai nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopau ʻole ʻo Tit i kahiʻoi aʻe ma mua o 1 manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻeleʻele hina, akā i kekahi manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, inā e noʻonoʻo mākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kēia no ka nui o ka nele o ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā meaʻai, no laila ʻo ke kaʻina o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai ke ʻoi aku ka huahana inā ʻimi nā manu i ka ʻai.

Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o nā ʻano āpau o kēlā me kēia manu, hiki ke palekana maluhia i nā ʻoka o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻopau nā poʻomanaʻo i nā mea nui o nā iniseti maikaʻi loa, e mālama ana i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ka make. Hoʻokahi ʻohana ʻohana o nā mea hānai e hānai i kā lākou hua keiki i nā mea kanu a hiki i ka 40 lāʻau. E kamaʻilio ka inoa ʻomī i waena o lākou iho me nā leo e maʻalahi ke hoʻoliʻina i nā kani o nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano

Inā ʻaʻole kekahi loea i ke kanaka, a laila hiki ʻole ke hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kuleana wahine mai kahi kāne, ʻoiai ua like lākou me ka like. Akā inā e waiho iā lākou i kahi kokoke a lā e hoʻokokoke iki pono ai, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka pānaʻi a me ka dimmer ka wahine i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū. Hiki i ka like ke like me ke koena o ke kino, no laila keʻokoʻa ka poʻo ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele i ke kāne i ka wahine i ʻokoʻa ka wahine i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o nā pale uliuli. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hoʻomau ka kala o ke ʻā, e like me ke kala o ke kaula.

Nā ʻano hua ʻāpana

I loko o ka waihona i kahi o ka International Union of Ornithologists, 4 ʻano nui o nā poʻo hina hina. E pili ana kēia:

• ʻO ka titohu hina ka mea e pili ana i nā ʻano, kahi i loaʻa ai kekahi mau subspecies, a hiki i kēia manawa ke hōʻike i nā ʻano o nā tit nui nui.
• No nā holoholona nui a ʻoi aku ka nui ʻo Tit.
• ʻĀpana ʻo Japanese (ʻūlani) kekahi mau subspecies ʻē aʻe, i ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka launa ʻana i ka loina o nā subspecies.
• Tit-kahi i kākoʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka mea hou loa, ua manaʻo ʻia ka titore (he Kepani) he hapaʻumi o ka ʻāpana nui, akā ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kekahi mau ʻepekema ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ʻelua ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.

Nā mea maʻamau

Aia ua ʻike ʻia na ka poʻina hina e hōʻike ʻia e nā 13 subspecies, e like me:

• P.c. ambiguus, he subspecies e noho ana ma ke kahua o Malacca a ma ka mokupuni o Sumatra.
• P.c. caschmirensis, kiʻi ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o kahi wahi hina i ka hope o ke poʻo. ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia subspecies e hōʻike ʻia ana ma ka ʻākau-hikina o Afghanistan, ka ʻākau o Pakistan a me ke komohana-ʻina o India.
• P.c. ʻO ka cinereus Vieillot kahi subspecies i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Java, a ʻo ka mokupuni ʻo Lesser Sunda.
• P.c. decolorans Koelz e loaʻa ma ke komohana ʻākau ma Afghanistan, a ʻo Pakistan hoʻi komohana.
• P.c. hainanus E.J.O. ʻO Hartert kahi subspecies i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni o Hainan.
• P.c. nā kikowaena ʻo Zarudny kahi subspecies e hōʻike nei i nā panalāʻau o ke kahawai ʻo Iran ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana.
• P.c. mahrattarum E.J.O. ʻO Hartert kahi subspecies i hoʻohele ʻia ma ke komohana ʻākau ma India, a ʻo Sri Lanka hoʻi.
• P.c. planorum E.J.O. Kahele ʻia ʻo Hartert ma ʻĀkau ʻĀkau, ma Nepal, ma Bhutan, ma Bangladesh, ma ke kikowaena a me nā komohana o Myanmar.
• P.c. ʻO kā sarawacensis Slater he subspecies i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni o Kalimantan.
• P.c.loaʻa ʻO Stupae Koelz ma ke komohana, waena, a ʻonaʻEulopa.
• c hoowela. templorum Meyer de Schauensee. ʻO ke kikowaena a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana o Thailand, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hema o Indochina, i hōʻike ʻia e kēia subspecies.
• P.c. He mele kīʻaha ka mahaloriei Ripley nona ka ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia e India ʻākau.
• P.c. ziaratensis Whistler - hiki ke loaʻa i kēia subspecies ma ke kūkulu hema a me waena o Afghanistan, a pēlā pū ma Pakistan.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻumi nui ma waena o ka Middle East, a me ʻEulopa, North a Central Asia, e komo pū ana i kekahi mau wahi o ʻApelika ʻĀkau.

Hōʻike ʻia ka titana nui e 15 subspecies, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e kahi puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe. O kahi laʻana:

• P.m. raphrodite - kahi subspecies e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Italia, ma Greece Hema, ma nā mokupuni e loaʻa ana i ka moana Aegean a me Cyprus.
• P.m. Loaʻa ka blanfordi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Iraq, i ka ʻĀkau o Afghanistan, ma ke kūkulu hema o nā wahi waena o Kazakhstan a me Uzbekistan.
• P.m. bokharensis - kēia ʻike subspecies i loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana o Turkmenistan, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Afghanistan, a me ke komohana o nā wahi waena o Iran.
• P.m. cors. ʻAkahi kikowaena e noho nei i ka palena o Portugal, ma ke komohana hema a me Corsica.
• P.m. ecki. Loaʻa ia ma Sardinia.
• P.m. excesus - noho i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ʻApelika, ma ke komohana o Maroka a ma ke komohana akau o Tunisia.
• P.m. Loaʻa ka Ferghanensis ma Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan a ma ke komohana o Kina.
• P.m. ua lawe ʻia ʻo kapustini ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskoy Alatau), ma ke komohana ʻākau o China a me Mongolia, ma Transbaikalia, a ma Primorye, e pili ʻākau, hiki i nā kapakai o ke kai ʻo Okhotsk.
• P.m. he mau huaʻāina ʻo karelini i ka hema ma Azerbaijan ma ke komohana ʻākau.
• P.m. mea nui - he mea maʻamau ʻo ka ʻāina ʻEulopa, Sepania, ka Balkans, ʻUlani Italia, Siberia, Asia Minor, nā Caucasus, Azerbaijan.
• P.m. maʻamau ka mallorcae i nā Mokupuni ʻo Bamar.
• P.m. he new sube subspecies nona ka wahi i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka mokupuni ʻo Britain, ka Netherlands, Belgium, a me nā ʻae komohana ʻākau o Farani.
• P.m. Loaʻa ka niethammeri i ka hihiʻo o Crete.
• P.m. terraesanctae, kahi ʻano e noho ana i nā palena o Lebanona, Suria, Israel, Ioredane, a me nā ʻāpana kahiki o ʻAigupita.
• P.m. nā turkestanicus kahi subspecies i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema-hikina o Kazakhstan, a ma ke kūkulu hema ma ke komohana o Mongolia.

Ua koho nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano ʻono a me nā haʻahaʻa no ko lākou ola ʻana i nā wahi ma ke ʻano, ma ke kūlohelohe, ma nā wahi ākea a me nā kihi, a me nā wahi kokoke loa.

He 9 mau subspecies o Eastern (Iapana) tit. O kahi laʻana:

• P.m. amamiensis he mau subspecies e noho ana ma ka mokupuni o Ryukyu.
• P.m. komixtus. ʻO ke kanaka o kēia subspecies e hōʻike ʻia ana ma ka hema o Kina a me ke ʻākau o Vietnam.
• P.m. balia. Aia kahi ʻākana e loaʻa ma nā mokupuni o Ullyndo, kahi e kokoke ana iā Korea.
• P.m. kagoshimae. ʻAkana kikowaena e noho ana i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kyushu a me nā mokupuni ʻo Goto.
• P.m. menikali. ʻIke ʻia ma ka hikina o Siberia, ma ke kūkulu hema o Sakhalin, a me ke kūkulu ʻākau ma China, Korea a me Iapana.
• P.m. nigriloris. Noho ka ʻākiwa i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mokupuni ʻo Ryukyu.
• m. nubiolus - noho i ka subspesies ma ka hikina o Myanmar, ke komohana o Thailand a me ke komohana o Indochina.
• m. okinaway - loaʻa i loko o ke kikowaena o ka mokupuni ʻo Ryukyu.
• P.m. tibetanus. Loaʻa nā subspecies i loko o ke kūkulu hema ʻo Tibet, ma ke kūkulu hema hema o Kina a me Myanmar hoʻi.

'O ka noho' ana o ka titina 'back-back' e pili ana i ka palena o Bangladesh a me Bhutan, ke aupuni o Kina a me India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand a me Vietnam. Ke ola nei kēia ʻano o ka titmouse i nā ulu lāʻau ulu a me nā nāhelehele o nā pali makaʻā, nā subtropics a me nā nāhelehele o nā ʻulā.

Kauʻai

Ke ulu aʻai kēia mau manu, ʻai lākou i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i kā lākou pili. ʻO kēia mau manu, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana manu maoli, e ʻai i ka nui o nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole. ʻOiai ke kū nei o kēia, ka ʻai o ka ʻumi i:

• Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kumua.
• Paule.
• ʻO nā Cranefish a me nā ʻoliva ʻē aʻe.
• He mau lāʻau ʻelua ʻehā nā leʻe, nā me nā lele, nā namu a me nā mea like ʻole.
• Nā mea ola ola Semi-winged, me nā bugs.

Eia kekahi, ʻo kā lākou papaʻai e pili ana i nā kūkaʻi, nāhelehele me nā mea manuahi, a me ka dragonflies liʻiliʻi, retina, earwigs, ants, ʻili, millipedes, etc. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia kahi pīpī ma ka pīhoihoi ma hope o ka wehe ʻana i ka pala. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nā ʻili i nā bat-dwarfs - nā dwarfs, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻole ākea kelepona a lilo i kēia mau ʻōlima ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻo Tits i kā lākou mau moa i ka mea kolo me nā pōpō momona, ʻo ka nui o lākou ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i ka 1 cm.

Me ka hiki ʻana o ka wā o ka hoʻoilo a laila hoʻoilo, ʻai ʻia ka meaʻai o ka tit i ka ʻai i nā mea kanu, ma ke ʻano o nā hua ʻakaʻaka a me nā beech Iudaio. Hoʻololi pinepine ka ʻōpio i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ke kipa ʻana i nā māla e waiho ana nā hua kanu like ʻole, e like me ka palaoa, rye, oats, palaoa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohui aku ma luna o nā mea ʻai i luna o ka mea kanu mea kanu, ma muli o ke ʻano ola, hānai i nā hua a me nā hua o kēia mau mea kanu.

• Hoʻopau a pākaʻi.
• ʻO Maple a me linden.
• Nā Lilacs.
• Nā lāʻau lāʻau Birch.
• ʻAno i ka ʻeha.
• Pikulnikov.
• Lopukhov.
• Redberry elderberry.
• Irgi.
• ʻAe pele.
• Nā Blueberries
• Hemp a me ka'āpana.

ʻO ka tit nui nui, ʻaʻole like i kekahi mau ʻelele o kēia ʻano, e like me Lazarevka a me Muscovite, ʻaʻole ia i hana no nā hoʻoilo. He manu manu nīhi ka titmouse a ua loaʻa koke iā ia i nā lāʻau ʻai a ʻoki ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo kekahi poʻe loea e hiki i ka ʻāpana nui ke ʻai i nā ʻano kau a pau.

Lele pinepine nā titmies i loko o ke kūlanakauhale a kipa i nā paka a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā mea hānai manu. Maanei lākou i ʻike ai i nā hua, nā ʻanuʻu a me nā koena ʻai ʻē aʻe, nā pēpē a me nā ʻāpana o ka lau o ka lard. Loaʻa iā lākou nā meaʻai no lākou iho i kahi e hiki ai, e komo pū i nā lei o nā kumulāʻau, a me nā lau hāʻule o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu.

ʻAe ʻia nā ʻike! Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻāpana nui e ka mea loaʻa kahi papa inoa o nā mea ʻai. Hiki iā ia ke pepehi i nā manu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui, a laila ʻōpō i kā lākou lolo.

ʻO ka titela nui kahi nukau ikaika a ikaika hoʻi, me ka manu e wāwahi ai i nā kumulāʻau a me nā hua ʻē aʻe me ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻono ʻono. Ho‘ohana pū ʻia ka ʻona nui i ka mea wīwī, no ka mea, ua ʻike pū ʻia lākou e ʻai ana i nā koena o nā mamalia.

Pahu a keiki

ʻO nā ʻāpana he nui (Bolshaki) i ko mākou ʻāina he nui ka lehulehu. ʻO kēia mau manu monogamous e kū i nā pasangan, ma hope o lākou e hoʻomaka ai e hana i kahi pā. ʻO ka wahine a me ke kāne hui pū e hānai i kā lākou keiki. E uʻei aku i kā lākou ʻuʻuku, koho lākou i nā ulu lāʻau, kahi nui o nā lāʻau ulu e ulu ana ma ke kahakai kahawai, ma nā māla a me nā māla nui i hoʻomōhulu ʻia. ʻAʻole kūpono nā wahi o nā kūla conifous no ka lawe ʻana i kēia mau manu. Hiki i kahi ʻāpana tit a kahi e komo ai, me nā nīnena o nā hale kahiko a i ʻole nā ​​pua o nā lāʻau kahiko. Noho ka ʻona i nā ʻona kahiko i haʻalele ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 6 mau mika. Hiki i nā māmā ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻia i nā hana hana a nā kāne i hana ʻia no ka nest

E hana i kahi nalo no lākou iho, ʻohi nā manu a lawe mai i mau lau nui, ai ʻole nāʻuhele, nā aʻa o nā mea kanu, me ke ʻano wī. Kahu ʻia ka ʻaoʻao i loko o ka pūloi me ke ʻano a me ka mahana, no laila ke uhi ʻia e nā manu me ka huluhulu, cobwebs, cotton, fluff a me ka hulu, a i ka waena o ka pāhulu ʻaʻole i kahi loea nui e uhi ʻia ana e ka hulu lio a i ka huluhipa. Wahi a ka mea maʻamau, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka nalo, akā ʻokoʻa loa. No laila, ʻo ka palena awelika o ka ʻāpana o loko mai 40 a 50 mm. I kēia hihia, ʻo nā ʻāpana waho mai 40 a 60 mm.

Hāʻawi ka titmouse i nā ʻāpana he 15 i ka hua o ka waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo. Ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka pōpoki, nā pōpoki a me nā hapa o ka hue ʻulaʻulaʻula. Hōʻailona ka nui o nā paʻu a i ka 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki. Hōʻike nā hua mua i kahi i ka hopena o ʻApelila, a ʻo ka lua e pili ana i waenakonu o ke kauwela.

Hāpai ka wahine i nā hua no ka aneane 2 mau wiki, a ʻo ke kāne hānai i ka "makuahine" i kēia manawa ma mua kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā moa, ʻaina ka wahine iā lākou me ka wela o kona kino no nā lā ʻelua, no ka mea, ua uhi ʻole ʻia ke kino o nā moa i kahi palupalu hina.

I loko o kēia manawa, pono i ka kāne ke hānai i ka wahine wale nō, akā ʻo nā ʻili wahine hoʻi. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mea e like me nā hulu ma ke kino o nā moa, waiho a ka wahine i ka pūnana, a hoʻomaka lākou e hānai pū me ka hua e hiki mai. I ka wā ulu, ua nui nā ʻai a nā mākua, no laila, ʻaʻole lawa nā mākua i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ʻino, nā lalau, nā anuʻi, a me nā mea no lākou.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi! I ka wā moe, ua hoʻonāukiuki nui nā kāʻei i kēlā me kēia.

Aia i kahi mau pule o nā pule, ua uhi piha ʻia nā mau moa i nā hulu a ua mākaukau no ka hana ʻana iho. Ma kahi o ka hebedoma e kū mau ana nā moa i kahi kokoke i kā lākou pūnana, a hoʻomau mau nā mākua iā lākou. Hoʻopili i nā holoholona ʻōpio maikaʻi loa i ka makahiki mua o ko lākou ola.

ʻO nā mea kūʻike maoli o Blue Tit

Kuhi ʻia nā ʻona no nā manu manuʻai maikaʻi e pale i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu kūlohelohe mai ka nui o nā mea ʻino manuʻai. Nui nā mea maoli kūlohelohe i ka hapanui o kēia mau manu momona. ʻO ka mea mua, he nui o nā poʻe i make i ka hoʻoilo mai ka nele i kahi lako meaʻai. ʻO ka lua, he nui nā mea predator e ʻānai ana i nā manu, me nā kahe.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe pilikia e pili ana i ka nui o nā subspecies o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ua nui ka lehulehu. I kēia mea, ʻaʻole pono kēia mau manu e pale i nā mea palekana a pale ʻole, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā subspecies e paʻa wale ana ma ka lohi o ka pau.

No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka Mustachioed Tit (Panurus biarmicus) he subspecies i loaʻa ʻole ʻilihune a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Red me nā manu ʻē aʻe, e like me ka Yew (Japanese) tit. ʻIke wale ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia subspecies i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻĀina ʻo Kurilika Hema, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o kēia subspecies.

I ka hopena

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​mea hoʻohana pono ʻia ʻo Tits, akā maikaʻi loa. Nui nā ʻano he nui, me nā subspecies. I waena o lākou aia kekahi o ka poʻe e loaʻa ana i ka ʻai no lākou i ka hoʻoilo. A hūnā lākou i ka meaʻai i kēlā makahiki a puni, ʻoiai lākou e hānai ai i kā lākou hua. Pehea lākou e ʻike ai i kā lākou kiʻi, hoʻohele ʻia i nā tausani o nā wahi ʻē, maopopo ʻole ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo. ʻIke ʻo Tits i nā invertebrates e hūnā ma lalo o ka lāʻau o nā kumulāʻau, ke noho nei i kekahi kūlana, a waiho pū ʻia ke poʻo i lalo. Hiki pehea ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻōpio e nā ʻikepili i lalo nei: i ka lā hoʻokahi, ua ʻai kēia mau manu i hoʻokahi mau tausani a i ʻole a i hoʻokahi a i ka hapaʻumi o nā hua silkworm. I nā huaʻōlelo, ua ʻai lākou i nā mea ola e like me ke kaupaona ʻana, a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻAno maoli, i ke kauwela kauwela ʻaʻohe pilikia me ka meaʻai i nā bluebirds, no ka mea ʻokoʻa nui kaʻai a makemake lākou i ka meaʻai holoholona, ​​ka mea i nui nui i ke kauwela. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻai ʻana a lākou pono e huli i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu i nā hua ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu. I loko o kēia manawa, hele ʻo tits i ka noho kanaka. A eia kahi mea nui loa e hoʻonohonoho pono i ka hānai ʻana o kēia mau manu i pono ai. No ka hana i kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i nā mea kanu mua a ninini i loko o lākou i nā hua o ka lā a i ʻole nāʻaila berena. Makemake nō hoʻi nā puna i ka Bacon, akā pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka puna momona.

Hoʻomanaʻo ka mea āpau, mai ka wā kamaliʻi, i ka nānā ʻana mai ia mai ka puka makani o kona home i ka hoʻoilo i ka pehea o ka titmouse maʻa me ka ʻano o nā hua ʻula. Lālau lākou i nā hua me ka pūʻā a lele koke i ka lāʻau, kahi e hoʻopili ai nā huaʻala me kā lākou wāwae me ka hōʻā i ka ʻōpū me nā ʻōpī, a hiki i ka hale maʻi, ka nui. I ka ʻike aku ʻole nā ​​keiki. He mea nui loa ia e aʻo ana nā mākua i kā lākou keiki e aloha i ke ʻano. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻaʻole nui ka pono e hana ʻia - hana i ka hānai a hoʻomaopopo i kēia ma kahi kūlana. E hele koke mai ʻo Titmouse, a e hānai pinepine i ka manawa hoʻoilo, ke hoʻoilo.

ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, ua mākau ʻia kahi titmouse me he manu lā i loaʻa i ka mana kaona o kāna mele, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i nā ʻano ʻano 40 like ʻole. Ma muli o kēlā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka nui, manaʻoʻiʻo ka nui he kani wanana nei ia, no ka mea e hōʻike iā lākou e ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka pōʻino a i ka hauʻoli. Eia kekahi, e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia o kēia kani ʻana o kēia manu, ua wānana ʻia ka ʻano: inā ua lāʻulu ka titmouse, a laila ua wānana ʻia ka hoʻohemo wela ʻana i ka lā, inā ua kani like ʻo ia me nā tweets, a laila i ka hiʻona nui.

A ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei he leʻaleʻa nā mele o ke mele, no laila ua kūlohelohe ʻia ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpala o nā "mele aloha".

Nā manu

ʻO ka mea mua ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi puʻupuʻu e pili ana i kahi pōpō, e kū'ē ana i ke kua o kahi pūnāwai, a laila wehe ʻo ia i kāna puʻu.

ʻO kēia kiʻi ma kaʻu avatar

Ua ʻike au aia he drakes me ke poʻo a me ke poʻo polū

ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu ke ʻano o ka manu

Loaʻa iā mākou kahi manu nunu keʻokeʻo

He kīlaha ke ʻano lāʻau lohi, kēlā ʻano he laha i ka hoʻoilo, akā ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā hua he nui ma mua o ka glued.

Nā manu o ke kūlanakauhale

Makemake wau e nānā manu. ʻOiai i nā kukupa maʻamau a me nā hoki manu ke aloha mākou i ko mākou nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO nā kiʻi i hoʻoili ʻia o nā mahina i hala. Ua hele mua kekahi, akā e hopohopo nō wau e haʻalele hou.

Ua kī mau aku ke kāne kāne maikaʻi ma koʻu puka aniani i ke kakahiaka nui.

ʻAʻole au i ʻike maka he manu nā "manu" like ʻole.

ʻO ka ʻiʻo mai ke kaʻe o ke kūlanakauhale.

He mau pūpū bala kūmole keʻokeʻo.

Kestrel. Ke kāhea hou nei ʻo ia i waho o ka puka aniani, akā paʻakikī loa ke hopu iā ia i loko o ka lens.

Ah, a me ka ʻōpala uliuli.

Ua make he mau haneli haneli ma luna o ka moku ma ke awa ʻo Sakhalin

ʻO kekahi mau haneli papaʻa ma ka pō o ka Pōʻakahi ua pae i ka Vitus Bering, kahi i kaomi aku i ke kahakai o Kholmsk ma Sakhalin hema. Ua hoʻopiha i nā manu ma ka papa holoʻokoʻa a hoʻomaka i ka make ma mua o ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā hana, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Green Sakhalin Fund Alexander Ivanov i haʻi aku iā TASS.

Ua kiʻi nā mea holo moana i ka mea e hana mai ana ma luna o ka moku ma nā kelepona kelepona. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā wikiō ma ka Pūnaewele. Ua hopu ʻia ka wikiō i nā manu o nā manu. Pono nā lālā o ka Crew i ke kīleʻa me ko lākou mau wāwae e holo ai a puni ka pā.

"He haneli a nā manu i hoʻopiha i ka moku. He ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua hele wau i ke awa, i kēia manawa ke ʻimi nei mākou e komo i loko, e huki mākou i nā palapala," wahi a ke kumu. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua hake nā kukui e ka mālamalama ma luna o ka moku. Pihi lākou i ka ʻōhiu, noho ma ka ʻūhā a kahili ʻia ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lawe aku mai ka ʻāina aku no ka mea kūikawā o nā ʻēheu.

ʻOiai ka nui o nā manu e pale ai iā lākou mai ka neʻe ʻana aku i ka moku, ua hoʻoholo nā poʻe holo moku e hoʻomaka i nā ukana. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻuwī nui ʻia nā manu nui. "Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i nā manu inā ʻōkaka ʻia nā mea āpau. Manaʻo wau e pono i kēia hana e nā poʻe koa ma mua o ka lawe ʻana o ka moku," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Ivanov.

Noho nā penikala ma waho o ke kai. Ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o ke kino a me nā ʻēheu, hiki i kēia mau manu ke holo manuahi, lele ma luna o ke kai a i hope. Akā, no ke kumu like, he paʻakikī iā lākou ke holo e ka ʻāina. Hiki i nā Thunderbird ke lawe wale ma ka wai me ke poʻo poʻo a mai nā puʻu, no ka laʻana, mai nā pōhaku. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo ʻApelila ʻaʻohe kapekele mai nā kahakai ʻo Sakhalin.