• Ua laha ka hana maʻamau i ʻEulopa, ma Siberia kūkulu hema a i Lake Baikal, ma ka hema o ka ʻIla ʻIke.
• Loaʻa ka loaʻa wai i loko o ka hema hema o ʻEulopa, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia a me Ukraine, ma Transcaucasia a me Central Asia.
• ʻO Colchis, a he poʻo nui paha, i kēia manawa e noho nei ma Western Transcaucasia a me nā kihe o ke Krasnodar Teritori o Lūkia.
• Noho ʻo Viper i nā ʻāina o ka Hikina Hema a me ʻIulika.

ʻAʻohe he mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo melemele koʻikoʻi ma ke poʻo, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pepeiao pepeiao", a ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻulaʻula paha ke kala o nā hōʻailona.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, i kekahi manawa ke lōʻihi o ka 1,5 mika. ʻAi lākou i ka hona, nā iʻa, a me nā rodents. ʻO nā ʻenemi o nā nahesa maʻamau he manuahi manu, nā manu o ka mea ʻala, a me nā moʻo hoʻohiolo.

Kūpono kēia ʻano ʻōlio maikaʻi i ka noho pio ʻana. Ma ke ala, ma Belarus a me Ukraine, e mālama mau ʻia lākou i ka home e luku i nā kiʻo.

ʻŌpiopio ʻaʻole hoʻi hoʻonāukiuki! ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka ʻike o kekahi kanaka, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e holo a hūnā. Inā hopu ʻia ia, hopu ʻūlū ʻo ia a e kīloi i kona poʻo i mua, ʻoi aku ka luhi, ʻaʻole kāna pōʻino i nā kānaka.

I ka lā ʻApelila, e hoʻomaka ana ka makā ma ka nahe. I Iulai - ʻAukake, hana nui nā wahine i ka ʻimi i kahi e waiho ai nā hua. A i ka mahina o Nowemapa - Nowemapa, ua hāiʻe nā nāhelehele maʻamau i nā wahi i neʻe ai no ka hoʻoilo.

Wai-wai ʻaʻohe ona mau hōʻailona hōʻailona melemele-ʻalani. I ko lākou wahi i kahi kahi ʻeleʻele L-ʻano, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula maʻamau me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi pōuli i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i loko o kahi papa hana kālai.

I kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia nā mania ololi a monoponne wale nō. ʻO ka nui o nā ahe wai wai mai ka 1.3 m a 1.6 m, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

Hoʻonui ka wai i ka nui o ka manawa i loko o nā kahe wai, ma loko o ka paʻakai a me ka hou. Mālama kēia ʻano holoholona i ka iʻa, i kekahi mau amphibians. Hoʻolauna ʻo ia i ka pō ma ka ʻāina, a i ke ahiahi e hoʻokū i ka lā, hele i kahi hale waiwai no ka hopu ʻana.

E nānā i ka wikiō, ʻoiai ua loaʻa iaʻu ka iʻa

Ke loaʻa nei iā ia ka mea, ua huki iā ia i luna ona, kahi a laila i luku ai i ka waiwai holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui nā manu keu, nā mammals, pike, a me kekahi mau ʻano o nā nahesa.

ʻAʻole ikaika ke kanaka wai, e ʻike ana i nā kānaka, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e peʻe i ka wai i ka wā hiki. Ua pīhoihoi loa ia, a ma hope o kāna hoka ka hihia o ka hōʻeha a ʻaʻole paha i hiki i ka ʻeha ke hiki ʻole, no ka mea, ua loaʻa ka wai momona i ka waiwai bactericidal.

Ua kau ka wai ma nā ʻāina, ua hoʻomaka ka hā male i ka mahina o ʻApelila-Mei, ua ʻike ʻia nā nahesa ʻōpio i Iulai-ʻAukake.

Kolkhizhsky , ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole, he kino ākea nui, he laulā ākea a me ke poʻo nui me nā ʻāpana parietal a me nā alapiʻi ma mua, kahi kōkua hoʻomaha o ke poʻo, a me ka nui o nā hua i kau ʻia.

ʻEleʻele ka kala.

I ka lōʻihi, ulu ia i 1,5 mika. Noho ka ia i nā nahele, hoʻopuni hou ʻia nā pali, nā awāwa wai, nā waikahe e hoʻopailua ana e nā ʻōpala, nā wahie a me nā wahi i hū ʻia ma ka papa lāʻau.

ʻAi ʻo Kolkhizhsky i ka iʻa a me nā amphibians, i ka ʻike ʻana o kekahi kanaka e like me ka hilahila e like me ka ʻohana o nā ʻōlapa a pau, ʻaʻole kāna huki a ʻona ʻole ia.

He wintele mai Kepakemapa-Kekemapa a Malaki. I ka pūnāwai a me ka wā lohi he ikaika ia i ke ahiahi, i ke kauwela - i ke ahiahi.

Aia kēia ʻano helu i loko o ka Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory a me ka International Red Book.

ʻO Viper , no laila i kapa ʻia no ka mea o kona helehelena, he ʻano like me ka viper.

ʻO ke kumu zigzag ma ke kua, me nā maka like e like me ka maka, ua like me ka kaʻe o kahi viper. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka wili i ka 1 m. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i mua o nā kāne.

Noho ia a puni nā ʻōpū, kokoke i nā kahawai kaona, nā wai hou a paʻakai. Paʻu ʻia i nā wīlī, nā baki, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻūʻele.

ʻOi aku ʻo Sheds viper ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki i ka makahiki.

HoʻopāʻāluaʻO kaʻu wahi holoholona , i mua o ka nui o nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i nā holoholona.

Pōmaikaʻi ka poʻe a pau, ʻike iā ʻoe!

E like me , helu i kā mākou moʻolelo e pili ana i nā nahesa.

ʻO keʻano

Ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino me ka huelo i ka poʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Saratov Region a hiki i ka 1095.0 mm. I nā kāne kāne, ʻo ka ʻili ka 3.83-4.35, a ʻo nā wahine 4.25-5.87 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ke kino. I uhi ʻia ke poʻo me nā pale pale maʻamau maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka pale ʻana ma mua o ko lākou laulā. He nui ka parietal, 6.0-8.9 loa a me ka 4.5-6.0 mm ākea. ʻO ka laulā o ka scutellum frontal kūpono i kona lōʻihi 1.16-1.41 manawa. He kānalua Preorbital - 1 (98.1%) a i ʻole (2 (1.9%), postorbital - 1 (1.7%), 2 (5.1%) a i ʻole 3 (96.2%). Loaʻa i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha paha nā ʻōmaka kūlohelohe i ka lā mua. ʻO nā papa labial o luna, e like me ke kānāwai, 7-8, haʻahaʻa pinepine 6 a 9. ʻO nā kaulike Dorsal me nā iwi i ʻike ʻia, i hope ka maʻemaʻe. Mawaena waena o ke kino ma ka lālani 19, emi pinepine ka nui 17 a 18 paha mauʻu. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka pale kaua.

ʻEleʻele ka poloka o ka ʻili o ke kino, ʻeleʻele i ka uliuli. Nui nā kulu, ma kekahi mau manawa keokeo a ʻeleʻele paha ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. ʻO ka laulā o kēlā wahi, e like me ka laulā o hoʻokahi pākahi, ua ʻike ʻia ma 9,3% o nā mea pākahi, ʻelua - 73.1%, ʻekolu a keu aku paha - 5.7%, a ʻo 12.7% o nā wahi i hala ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe maʻamau no ka lōʻihi o ka wahi i like me ka lōʻihi o 2-6 (maʻamau pinepine ʻia 4). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōpū a me ka ventral o ka huelo e hōʻike ʻia e ka loli o ka hoʻohālike, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā wahi pōʻeleʻele o nā ʻēleu a me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kao keʻokeʻo lōʻihi lōʻihi.

I nā ʻākana subspecies i ʻike ʻia o ka ʻōpū maʻamau i loko o ka moku Rtishchevsky, ua kākau inoa ʻia nā subspecies maʻa. N. n. natrix (Linnaeus, 1758).

Kālā

Hoʻopili maʻamau ma waena o ʻEulopa, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā ʻāina polar a me nā subpolar. Noho no ia ma na aina hema o Siberia a hiki i ka Lake Baikal a me ka hema o ka Hikina mamao.

ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale a me ke hāʻawi ʻana i ka biotopic o nā nahe maʻamau i ka ʻāina Saratov a hūnā ʻia a paʻa pono ʻia i nā wahi lepo o nā ʻāina intrazonal; ʻo nā reptile e pale i nā wahi maloʻo a me nā agrocenoses. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā wahi āpau ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina, ua helu ʻia nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe ma nā awāwa o ke kahawai ʻo Volga, Khopra, Medveditsa a me nā kahawai a lākou - Tereshka, Chardyma, Atkara, Karaya a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka lahui o ka nui o nā ʻano ma ka like me 74–119 ind. / km² (no nā kaona ʻenekona o nā mokupuni mai luna aku o ka waihona ʻāina Volgograd) a hiki i 195 ind. / km² (no nā waikahe o nā muliwai ʻo Khoper a me Medveditsa).

Ma ka moku Rtishchevsky, ʻike ʻia ʻo Tretyak ma ka ulu lāʻau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano hana

ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o nā ʻano he ʻano wao nahele, e hiolo nui ana, pulu nā māla ma nā kapa o nā kaila wai a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pūnaehana gully. He kamaʻāina nui lākou i nā ʻōpala wai maloʻo o nā mauhelehele like ʻole, ke kīloi ʻana i ka nahele a ʻili ʻia paha me nā kumulāʻau.

I nā kūlana o ka māhele Saratov, ʻike ʻia nā nahe kilokilo mai ka lua ʻelua o Malaki a hiki i ke aumoe o ʻOkakopa. ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona mua i ʻike ʻia i ka hapa ʻelua o Malaki - ka hapa mua o ʻApelila. Eia naʻe, ke nānā aku nei kā lākou laha ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i hāʻule i ka mua - lua o ka hapa o ʻApelila, a ma ka hema - i ke kolu o ka lā 10 o Malaki - ka hapa mua o ʻApelila.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka nahesa maʻamau i ke ao, he ʻole ko ka manawa. I ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻohi, he hākahi hoʻokahi ka hana a ka nahe, a i ke kauwela, ke ʻano o ka ʻano ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, lilo ia i ʻelua mau puʻu.

ʻO ka mahana papa huina he kaena i ka wā o ka hana nui loa o nā nahele i ka wai i loko o ka pūnāwai mai +12.4 a +26.1 ° C a me ke kauwela mai +16.6 a hiki i ka +28.4 ° C, aʻo kā lākou māhina kino kino ka mai +14.8 a +32.8 ° C a mai +24.8 a +34.3 ° C, kekona. Pēlā, ʻo ka hilinaʻi o ke ʻano kino o kekahi nahe ʻona ma luna o ka mahana o ke kaiapuni i ka wā o kā lākou hana he ʻano. E hoʻoikaika ana nā nahe i ka honua ma ke ao i kahi mahana o ka lepo ma ka liʻiliʻi o +12 ° C. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻike ʻia ke kū ʻana o nā nakahi mai nā hale pale i nā mahana wela e kokoke ana i kēia pae. I ke kauwela, i ka wā ke kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mahana ma luna o ka lepo ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi, akā ua neʻe nā nahele i nā noho ʻū a lauwila me kahi ʻano paʻa o ka pilina like ʻole o ka microclimatic.

Ke kū mai nā hiona mai nā wahi ma hope o ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka wela, hoʻomāhuahua iki ka nui o ko lākou kino, a laila emi liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā reptiles ke haʻalele aku i ka pō. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano hana me ka hiki i ke thermoregulatory: ke pale ʻana i ka overheating ma kahi pākahi, komo ia i kekahi, me nā kūlana maikaʻi aʻe. Pēlā, e hana ʻia ana ka hana o nā reptile i nā kūlana o ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻĀina o ka Volga, ma ke ʻano kino o ke kino ma mua o ke ʻano ambient, ʻoiai ke ʻano pono ka pae ʻana mai +25.0 a +31.0 ° C.

Hoʻomaka ka manawa hānai i nā moʻo maʻamau i hope koke o ko lākou haʻalele ʻana i ka pā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku pinepine i ka hapa mua o Mei. I ka wā moe, ua hana kēia mau ʻīlio i nā ʻōpū o nā kānaka he ʻumi. E mālama ʻia ana ka hua ʻōhua mai ka hopena o Iune a hiki i ka hapalua lua o Iulai. Loaʻa nā huaʻōlelo o ka hoʻomohala a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hua i ʻano like ʻole i nā kūlana o ke ʻano kaiāulu o nā holoholona a me nā hōʻailona climatic o ka manawa. Ua like ka nui o ka hua o ka huaʻī ma 8 a 19: ko lākou nui ka 15.2-19.8 × 25.7-33.2 mm. Kuhi ʻia ka masonry kolamu, i hana ʻia ma kekahi o nā wahi i makemake nui ʻia e nā wahine he nui, ma kēia wahi hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi mau haneli hua. E like me ka papa hana no ka waiho ʻana i nā nahesa, manure a ʻoki poʻohiwi a me ka mea kanu ʻia i nā ʻano mea kanu i nā ʻano o nā pā. Ma kēia hihia, ʻo ka pinepine, nā pālule mea e hōʻeha ʻia i nā ʻōpala pirau, nā ʻūlū maloʻo, nā hū me nā manu o nā manu, e like me nā loko o ke kai, nā pīhoihoi gula. ʻO ka manawa inkubation ma kahi mahana o +23.5 a i +31.9 ° C ka lōʻihi o 33-41 (kahi awelika o 35.1) mau lā.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā yearlings me ka lōʻihi o 151.4-185.0 a me 36.0-51.1 mm o ka ʻōpala a me ka huelo, kēlā, a me ke paona ana i ka 6.0-9.1 g, ua mālama ʻia mai ka hapalua o ʻAukake. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne hānau i mua o nā wahine. Ma hope o ka molt i ka lā 4-9, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e huli ikaika, a nui ka nui o lākou e ulu ana i loko o 1-2 mau mahina, e piʻi ana i ka 18-29 mm i kēia manawa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā makahiki keu ma mua o ka haʻalele no ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke 181.2-211.0 mm. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻOkakopa.

ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻo kāne i ka male i loko o ke kolu, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi i ka hā o ka makahiki o ke ola. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka hapa kanaka i ka wahine ma kahi o 50 cm.

Loaʻa ka maʻalahi o ka mea maʻamau: lele koke, piʻi i nā lāʻau a ʻau pono holo maikaʻi. Loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai maʻamau ma ke kapakai ma mua o ka wai. ʻAʻole ia e luku i ka mea i make, akā ua hoʻolele ia i ke ola me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā neʻe o nā ʻānu o lalo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo, ʻoiai aia kekahi manawa a ka mea i hopu ʻia e ka pale ʻiwa a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino. I ka hihia no ka pōʻino, ua ʻeleʻī ʻo ia i ka poʻe i make, a me ke ʻano he kānāwai. Ma muli o kahi pale pale, hoʻokuʻu ia i kahi wai me ka mea hoʻonāukiuki ikaika, e hoʻolei ana i waho o ka cloaca, a, ʻo ka hopena, hiki ke neʻe mau ka lōʻihi no ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻohālike ana i ka make. ʻIke ʻia nā Migrations e pili ana me ka hana hou i ka pūnāwai, a me ka hāʻule, me ka ʻimi no nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo; i kekahi manawa hana lākou i nā neʻe pōkole e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. E like me nā pale, e hoʻohana nā ʻoka i nā wahi ma lalo o nā lāʻau, nā pōhaku, nā pū kaʻa rodent. Hoʻonui lākou i nā wahi like, nā wahi hohonu wale nō, i kekahi manawa i loko o nā hale ʻauamo.

Mea ʻai

He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī o nā aʻai maʻamau, akā ʻo nā ʻaumphia ka mea punahele loa ia - ʻo lākou ka 75.0% o ka helu o nā holoholona a ʻokiʻoki ʻia a me 86.0% o nā biomass i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ulu ʻana o nā kiore i nā kiore a pau, ke koena o ka ʻai - nā pipi, nā iʻa a iʻa me nā mea hihiu - aia i ka meaʻai i loko o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka biomass (e pili ana i ka 2%). Ma waena o nā amphibians, ua maluhia ka ʻōpū o ka loko, a ʻo ka limu subdominant ka ʻōpū pali i koi nui a me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā hua nui ke "hoʻololi" i nā ʻoihana maʻalahi a momona nui, ke nānā ʻia ka nui o nā kiʻī i nā kiʻī i nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka meaʻai o nā lālani i kēlā me kēia lā nui. ʻO ka nui loa o ka meaʻai i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka nahesa (kaupaona ʻo ke kino 329.4 g), i hopu ʻia ma ka lā 12 Iulai, 1984, ʻo 72.8 g. ʻO ka ʻōpū i loko o nā pūkaʻe 2 mau loko (69.8 g) a me 4 tadpoles (3 g). Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma mua o 40-50 g. No ka hapa nui o nā nahele i aʻo ʻia, hoʻokahi wale nō loko o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū me ke kino o 21.2 a 41.7 g. aia ka mea maikaʻi ma kā lākou ulu ulu ulu. Ma ka mahina o ʻAukake, ua emi iho ka nui o ka hānai ʻana i nā nahe maʻamau maʻamau, i loko o kēia manawa nui ke kumu nui o nā ʻīlio hopu holoholona he ʻāʻani lawa.

Ke kaupalena nei i nā ʻano a me ke kūlana

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā nahe ʻona maʻamau he mau manu (nā manu keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula nui, nā ʻeke ahe, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele) a me nā mammals (fosa maʻamau, corsac, badger).

ʻO kahi hanana maʻamau kekahi o nā ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻāina Saratov, a ma kekahi mau wahi i hōʻea i kahi helu nui. ʻAʻole pono nā ʻano holoholona i nā pale palekana kūikawā.

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

Kuhi: maʻamau

ʻO ka ʻohana nui o nā ʻalā a pau e noho ana ma ka honua. He mea maʻalahi ke kuhi ʻia ʻana o ka mea maʻamau kekahi o nā ʻelele o kēia kauka lika. ʻAʻole ʻino kēia reptile, no laila mea palekana loa no nā kānaka.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā kānaka i ka nahesa no ka manuahi pōpilikia, akā aia kekahi nui o nāʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o lākou:

• wahi mālamalama i ka ʻili o ke poʻo.
• oi iki ka maikai o ke kino o ka nahesa - he luai ia a oi aku i ka loa o ka pua,
• nā ʻōpū i ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano o ke poʻo, i ka nahesa ua like ia me kahi oval, a ma kahi viper - kahi kūwae ʻole.
• ʻAno maoli, ʻaʻohe ʻōmole pailima nā nahele (akā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike koke iā ʻoe).
• aia nā haumāna o nā nahesa i kū pololei (e like me nā pōpoki), aʻo ke kumulāʻau e like me nā lāʻau nui.

Inā makemake ʻoe i nā hohonu hohonu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona he nui aʻe, akā ʻaʻole ʻia ka ʻike āpau i ka layman maʻamau, ʻaʻole hui pū i kekahi mana i ka hālāwai me nā reptile ʻē aʻe.

Video: ʻĀina maʻamau

ʻIke mua nā kānaka i ka manawa ma mua, ma mua o ka hoʻokau ʻana iā lākou ma ke kumu, e like me ka poʻe holoholona, ​​no ka mea e hāleʻa nei i nā kiole maikaʻi ʻole e ʻoi aku ka pehu. Mai ka manawa pinepine, ua manaʻo ʻo Ukrainians ua hana hewa ka mea i hana ʻia i ka mea lawehala, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia a kau ʻole ʻia kēia mau nāu mai kēlā ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ka mea e ʻike ʻia: ua kaulana loa a loaʻa ke kūlanakauhale Okukala i kapa ʻia ma hope ona, ʻo ia nō ʻo Uzhgorod, aia ma ke komohana o ka ʻāina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: Snake maʻamau

ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o ka nahesa, ʻaʻole maʻamau e hele ma mua o hoʻokahi mika, akā aia kekahi mau spimens e lōʻihi kona lōʻihi i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻaina pāʻina i kau ʻia ma ke ʻano o ʻelua mau ʻāpana symmetrically i loaʻa i ke kahe o ke poʻo i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou e ka laina ʻeleʻele a hiki i:

• alani
• ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo
• ʻāpana ʻalani
• ʻāuli.

Mea ʻoi aku: He mau nahesa maʻamau e hiʻona piha ʻole ʻia ai nā wahi kilokilo i loko o ka occipital. Ma waena o nā mekeke he mau albinos a me nā melanist.

Hiki i ka hope o ka nakahi ke hina ma ka hina a heʻeleʻele hoʻi, aneane ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa he lāʻau ʻoliva a brownish. Inā hina hina ke kala, a laila hiki ke nānā ʻia nā wahi o nā kalaʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka reptile he māmā a hoʻāla ʻia e kahi kaula ākea, ke ākea kokoke ana i ka ʻāpana.ʻO ke poʻo oval o ka nahesa e kū kūʻē i ke kua o ke kino me kahi kaula ākea nani. ʻO ka huelo o kahi reptile he 3 a 5 mau manawa i ka pōkole ma mua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā manaʻo kāne kāne ma mua o nā wahine.

Inā hele ʻoe i ka wehewehe hohonu a me ka hohonu hohonu o ka nahesa maʻamau, he mea nui ia e ʻike nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Loaʻa nā unahi ma luna o ka ropu o ka reptile, a me nā ʻaoʻao i palā. I loko o ka pōʻai waena o ke kino (ma ka lālani) hiki iā lākou ke 19, 18 a 17 paha.

Loaʻa: wehewehe, hoʻolālā, ʻano. He aha ke ʻano o ka mea like?

ʻO ka nui o nā nahesa ʻelua e like me nā nakahi liʻiliʻi a 15 cm ka lōʻihi, a ʻo nā nahesa nui a me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 3.5 m.

Ua liʻiliʻi ia ke poʻo o ka nahesa a ma kekahi mau ʻano, mālama ʻia e nā pale pale symmetrically a i like me nā pale pālua. Kūpī ka kino o kēia ʻili a uhi ʻia i nā mea kaupaona, a ma kekahi mau ʻano ua alualu ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi i nā iwi lōʻihi. Aia nā maka o kona mau maka, ma ke ala, a ʻo nā haumāna kāna mau ʻano neʻe.

ʻOi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka manawa o 3-5 mau manawa. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa kahi ʻano like: ka ʻūwū, ka aʻe a hoʻokiki paha.

Akā ua hilinaʻi nui nā niho o ka nahesa i kāna ʻano, ma nā mau nahele like ʻole e hiki ke ʻokoʻa nui lākou i ka helu, ka ʻano a me ka nui. Ma keʻano laulā, ma ka hapanui o nā nahele, he ʻuʻuku a paʻa ʻole. Akā ma kahi o kēia, ua ʻike nā zoologists i kekahi mau nahelehele hānai manuahi e kūlū ana i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka meaʻai paʻakikī. Ma waho aʻe o nā niho, he waha bifurcated ka waha.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā mea maʻamau?

Nā kiʻi: Nā mea maʻamau

Ua koho ʻia kahi mea maʻamau ma kahi o ka Europa holookoa, aia ma ka ʻĀkau ʻĀkau ʻaʻole ʻoe e hālāwai me ia, ʻaʻole ia e noho i ka ʻAla Hiku. I ka ʻāpana o ke kūkulu ʻākau, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia iā Karelia i Sweden. Ma ke kūkulu hema, noho ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻĀpelika o ʻAmelika, a hiki i ka ʻekaʻa Sahara. ʻO ka ʻenua Iberian a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane nā wahi komohana o kona wahi. Mai ka hikina, hiki i ka laha i waena o Mongolia, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kina a me Transbaikalia. I ko mākou ʻāina, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka mea kaulana loa o nā reptile.

Hoʻopili nā nāhele ʻona i nā wahi like ʻole, nā ʻona kūlohelohe a me nā ʻona ʻāina. ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi no kā lākou mālama manuila ʻo ka hele ʻana kokoke i kahi punahele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka papa haʻahaʻa a ʻole i ʻole.

• i nā ʻāina
• ma nā kihi lāʻau
• i ka nahele ma mua pinepine
• kula wai
• nā ʻanuʻu wāwae
• ma ke kuahiwi,
• i nā ʻuala wai
• i ka nahele
• nā kapakai kahakai o nā ʻano wai like ʻole,
• nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAʻole nāwaliwali o nā kānaka maʻamau a noho i nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale, ma lalo o nā alahaka, ma nā pā o nā wā kahiko. I nā kua'āina, hiki i ka nāhelehele ke noho pololei i ka heihei moa a i ʻole ka hale palaoa, ma ka sennik, cellar, stabil, woodcutter, kahi i manaʻo nui ai lākou. Hiki i nā naheka ke hoʻonohonoho i ko lākou mau wahi huna i loko o kahi paʻa, ma waena o nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, i kahi lua, i kahi puʻe.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i kau ʻia ai nā ʻōlapa e noho ana ma ka pāmu o ke kula i kā lākou mau hua manu i ka hilahila ʻole o nā pio a me nā moa.

I kēia manawa ke ʻike nei mākou i ke ola o kā mākou ʻona. E nānā ʻānō i nā mea maʻamau a me ka nui o ka meaʻai e pono ai no ka noho mālama ʻana.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā nahesa?

Noho ka poʻe nāhelehele i kahi ʻāina ākea ākea, no laila e ulu like lākou a puni ka Europa āpau, a hiki i ka Arctic Circle, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ma Asia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻAulika, ma nā mokupuni he nui o Oceania, a ʻo kekahi o nā ʻanohelehe nui e ola a hiki i Australia. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke loaʻa i nā nahesa i loko o kā mākou mau lāʻau, i ka laulā, ka pinepine ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi nāwaliwali kahi e pili ana i ka wai: kahi kokoke i nā loko, nā ʻuna, nā loko. ʻOiai nā ʻele nā ​​wao e noho ana i nā wahi kuahiwi a me nā kapo.

He aha nā mea maʻamau?

Kuhi: Kaheʻe makeʻe - maʻamau

Hiki ke kapa ʻia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā nahesa ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ia ka rana.

Eia kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kahi kinu:

• Paulo
• heiā
• ʻolipola
• iʻa
• aloha hou,
• nā manu hou i hāʻule nui mai kā lākou mau hihiu.
• pēpē wai pēpē
• mau pūʻulu liʻiliʻi
• pepeke a me kā lākou ulu.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka meaʻai ʻai i ka meaʻai ʻai, ʻaʻole hoʻi lākou i ka ʻalani, akā makemake lākou i ka waiū, aloha nui lākou e ka poʻe lawe pio ʻana. ʻO kekahi manawa holo ka reptile hihiu i ka ʻono o ka waiū hou, kahi a nā poʻe kamaʻilio ma hope o ka waiū ʻana i ka bipi ma kahi paʻa no nā pōpoki.

ʻOiai ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻomanawanui ka poʻe nahesa i ka mea a lākou e hopu nei, e hoʻolei ana i ka hoʻolei wikiwiki, ke hiki koke i ka pī o ka iʻa i loko o kona wahi e hōʻea ai. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā rana e mālama ʻia ma nā kūlana terestrial. Ua hoʻopau koke ʻia kahi iʻa mai, akā me kahi huaʻūʻa e pono ʻo ia e hou, no ka mea kū aku ʻo ia a hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e ʻalo. ʻO ka waha o ka nahesa ka hiki ke pālahalaha nui loa, no laila ʻoi aku ka pōkole palaka a me nā huluhulu kūʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hoʻokahi naturalist mai Kelemania e like me ka hoʻokolohua ʻaʻole i hānai i ka nahe hoʻokolohua no 10 mau mahina. ʻAi ʻia ʻo ia i ka manawa mua ma hope o ka pōloli ʻana i ka pōloli, ʻelua ka ʻeha a me kāna ʻōpū, pīhoihoi, maikaʻi wale nō.

Ma hope o kahi kīʻaha lōʻihi, hiki mai kahi hoʻomaha a ʻelima mau lā, e lawe ai i nā mea a pau i ʻai ʻia. I ka wā mālama hoʻokahi, hiki iā ia ke komo i nā pīa a me ka tadpoles ma ke ʻano he, no laila, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, lilo ia i kikowaena a kikowaena. Inā i kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻenemi ma ke kuahiwi, ua pono ʻoe e kanu i ka ʻai i ʻai ʻia e lilo i agile a pūkele hou.

He pōʻino paha no nā kānaka?

ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana ma kā mākou latene, he pōʻino loa ia i nā kānaka. He mea make ʻole lākou, ʻokoʻa ka ʻike ʻole pehea e palahalilima lākou, ʻo ka nui loa hiki iā lākou ke hana ʻoi iki ka pale o ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, ke hoʻokokoke kekahi ke kanaka, e hoʻāʻo a nā nahele a pau e huna i ka hiki ke hiki, a hiki iā lākou ke nalo wale i nā hopena koʻikoʻi, inā lawe lākou i kahi kihi. I kekahi hihia, nā pahuhilima māmā e hoʻihoʻi ʻia e ka naheka. ʻO ia iho, i ka hopu ʻia e ke kanaka e like me ke ʻano pale pale, e hoʻāʻo e kāua i kona make ponoʻī, make kona kino a hoʻōki i ka neʻe ʻana, eia naʻe, ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nei i loko o ka hihiu, ke ʻano make ʻo pseudo e ola koke a ola i loko o nā lāʻau.

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā nahesa e hōʻeha ʻia, komo lākou i ka tiger a iʻa lawaiʻa paha, he mau mea ʻona lākou ma hope o ke kuʻi a me ka huki o kā lākou huki a hiki ai i ka make paha.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Kuhi: maʻamau

ʻOluakona i ke ao, a i ka pōʻeleʻele ʻo ia ʻo ia e makemake i kona wahi paʻa. He haʻalulu nui a ʻoi ka mea maʻamau. Hiki i ka wikiwiki o kāna neʻe i ka honua a hiki i ka ʻewalu mau hola i hoʻokahi. I nā lāʻau, hele ʻo ia i mea hoʻoikaika maikaʻi. ʻO ka huakaʻi wai no ka nahesa kahi ala punahele, hana ia ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka nui o ka reptile. ʻO kā Latin inoa natrix inoa, hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻepekema mua, ua unuhi ʻia he "kaukau".

ʻO ka lawenaʻa mai ka nahesa he maikaʻi loa. Komi loa i loko o ka wai wai, hiki iā ia ke noho ma kahi o 20 mau minuke, ma ka papa e puki wale ana i nā lōʻihi mamao loa. Pipi aku ʻo ia, e like me nā nahesa a pau, ka ʻokiʻoki, ka palaki ʻana i kona kino kūpono.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻoluʻolu, makemake i ka ʻauʻau a a kau i ka nui o ka wai. Kūkulu pinepine ʻia ia ma ke kapakai o kahi waihona kālā, akā aia kahi mau manawa i loaʻa ai nā naheka i nā loko nui a ʻo nā ʻumi mau mile hoʻi mai ke kahakai.

Ua aloha ʻia ʻo ia, e like me nā kaulona nui, e hoʻoheʻe i ka lā, e piʻi aʻe ana i luna o ke ao lā, i ka lā kūlohelohe. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo i ka nāhelehele i loko o ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka ʻōpū i ka hibernate pū kekahi (he mau ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia), ʻoiai ke makemake nei kekahi i kahi noho aloha piha. ʻO ka pinepine loa, no kēia manawa paʻakikī, noho lākou i loko o nā ʻōpū hohonu o nā rodents, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano ʻano hana o ka ʻano hana. Hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻana i ka lā o ʻApelila, a laila koho ʻia nā reptile no ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka lā, ʻoiai lākou e manaʻo nei i ka lethargic a me ka hiamoe, e hōʻemi ana i ka hana.

He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ʻole i ka ʻoheleʻa i ka palaualelo a me ke kūwili, ko kā lākou helehelena e ʻoluʻolu a mālie. Ke ʻike nei i nā poʻe, makemake ʻo ia e ʻalo e pale i ka hālāwai. Pēlā e hiki ai ke kapa ʻia i ka maluhia a me ka maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka reptile kanaka. ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i ka nahesa, ʻaʻole nō hoʻi lākou i hewa i ka hoʻopili ʻana me nā kānaka inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli, he hana koʻikoʻi loa ka mālama ʻana iā lākou ma ka home.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi: Snake maʻamau

Kūpono nā ʻōpio maʻamau i ʻelima a ʻehā paha makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā mare i loko o lākou ma hope o ka puna wai mua, i nā ʻāpana like ʻole i like ka manawa o ka manawa o ia manawa, akā maʻamau i hāʻule i ka hopena o ʻApelila-Mei. I ka moe ʻana, hiki nō hoʻi i ka moe ʻana i ka hāʻule, akā laila lawe ʻia ka waiho ʻana o nā hua i ka wai.

Ma mua o ka moe ʻana, e pili pū ana nā ʻōlapa ma ke ʻano o ka pōpō i hui ʻia e hoʻokahi wahine a he nui nā mea aloha. Aia ka pau aʻe o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana, hele i ka wahine i ke kūlana hou - ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu.

He ʻili ʻōpala nā hua, hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke waiho mai ʻelua a 100 mau ʻāpana. Pono e pīpī lākou (ʻaʻole hua) a maloʻo, no laila ke koho ʻo ka nahe i kahi e mahana a ʻūhā, no ka lāleʻa, hoʻoulu ʻia nā kumulāʻau, hoʻonā ʻia nā lōpelo hoihoi, nā ʻōpala piha. Koho maikaʻi ʻia kēia wahi, no ka mea ʻaʻole komo ka wahine i ka hatching, e haʻalele ana i kāna masonry.

ʻO kekahi mea kupaianaha: Hiki i nā wahine o nā nahelehele ke hoʻohui i nā pale, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā wahi kūpono no kekahi. Ma ka ulu lāʻau kahi i ʻike ai nā kānaka i kahi pūnana, kahi a lākou i helu ai i ka hua o 1200.

Elima a ʻewalu paha mau pule ma hope, e hoʻomaka ana ka nahesa i ka hatch. Ka lōʻihi o lākou ka 11 a 15 cm cm mai kā lākou hānau pono ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi e kahi i kahi hoʻoilo palekana. ʻAʻole nā ​​pēpē a pau e hōʻiliʻili i ka momona ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, akā na ka hapa nui i noho ʻole ʻia e ola ana a hiki i ka pūnāwai, e nānā wale nō ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mau hoa momona maikaʻi.

ʻOiaiʻo nā mea e manaʻo nei: ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelima mau poʻo āpau i hānau ʻia i ʻelua mau poʻo, no laila ke kauoha maoli. ʻO kēlā mau mea "nā Gakesnych snakes" ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.

Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pale, ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ma mua o ka iwakālua mau makahiki, ma ka awelika, ke ola nei kēia mau reptile mai 19 a 23 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kūlana nui no ko lākou lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi wai kai e kokoke ana i nā wahi o ka neʻe mau ʻana.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā nahe maʻamau

Nā kiʻi: Nā mea maʻamau

ʻO nā ʻenemi o nā ʻohana ke loaʻa i nā ʻenemi he nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia mau ʻōlima. Nui nā ʻano o nā mea wī e makemake ai e ʻai i ka ʻaina, no laila hiki ke lilo i mea pōkole o nā ʻalopona, nā ʻīlio raccoon, nā hedgehog, nā wīlū, nā alima, nā martens, a me nā minks. Nui ka poʻe manu e hoʻouka nei i nā nahesa, a laila hiki ke ʻai ʻia e ka ʻū, keʻa ahele, nāhelehe, nā ʻono. Hiki i nā ʻōlima nui, e like me nā kiʻī, hiki ke hopu i ka nahesa, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio a ʻaʻole i loaʻa, ʻoi aku ka hele pinepine ʻana i ka pōʻino o ka ʻaina pāʻina e ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua ʻoki.

ʻOiai me ka pīhoihoi, ka baki a me ka ʻaka, kahi e lilo ai lākou i ka pāʻina no nā nahe, eʻai pinepine lākou i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā hua ʻai nui e hui pū ai i nā iniseti e like me nā pīkī a me nā pīpī lepo. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka iʻa liʻiliʻi e nā iʻa nui, no ka laʻana, ka trout. ʻO kekahi mau nahesa e ʻai ʻia i nā nahesa.

Ke pale ʻana iā ia iho, ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i ka waha o ka ʻuʻawa ʻawaʻawa: palahalaha i kona ʻāʻī, hoʻoili ʻana i kona puʻu, hoʻopuʻi ma ke ʻano o ka zigzag, me ka ʻōpū e hoʻowalewale i ke kuʻekuʻe o ka huelo. No laila hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hana i ka pīhoihoi weliweli ma luna o ka mea makemake, akā inā loaʻa kahi manawa e ʻalo aku, a laila, ʻaʻole, e poina iā ia, ʻoi ka mea mua loa, ʻimi i kēia koho kūikawā.

Ka mea hoihoi: ke kuhi hewa nei ʻo Caught i ka make a hāʻawi i kahi mea huna nui maoli, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i kona mau kelepona. Me kēlā mau hoʻokele waiwai, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻohele aku i ka pōʻino iā ia iho, no ka mea i ka hakakā ʻana no ke ola maikaʻi nā mea āpau.

ʻO nā nāhelehele e lilo i mau pōpilikia o kahi mea hiki ke pepehi iā lākou e like me kēlā mea, no ke kumu ʻole a hewa ʻole lākou. ʻAʻole i pale ʻole kēia mau reptile i ka noho kanaka, noho pinepine lākou ma hope o ke kanaka, hina pinepine lākou ma lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa. No laila, nui ka ʻenemi i ka nui o nā ʻenemi i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, no ka mea, ua pilikia ka nui o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio, no laila e pono mau nā reptiles i kā lākou kahu kiaʻi, a ma ka manawa o ka wana e hūnā ma ko lākou mau wahi huna.

Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana

Kuhi: maʻamau

Noho kekahi ʻohana nui o nā kānaka e kokoke ana i nā ʻāina āpau. ʻO ka laulā, ʻaʻole ʻike ka lehulehu o kēia mau reptile i kahi hoʻoweliweli; ʻaʻole ia he kumu nui e pili ana i ka hōʻemi. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ke kūlana ʻoluʻolu o nā nahe. ʻO ka mea ua hala nei, ʻaʻohe mea e hōʻemi nui ai i ka nui o kēia mau kau.

ʻO kā mākou'āina, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā naʻokela maʻamau e lilo i kekahi o nā reptile maʻamau e manaʻo nui nei i nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka hana ʻana o nā kāne. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka hana me ka mokuʻāina o ka nui o ka nahesa maʻamau i ʻokoʻa kūpono i nā wahi a pau, aia kekahi mau wahi i emi nui ai kona helu a ua komo i loko o ka Red Book o nā wahi kūloko. Ke ulu nei kēia kūlana, ʻo ka mea mua, ma muli o ka hana wikiwiki o ke kanaka, ka manaʻo pinepine ʻana i ka manaʻo nui a manaʻo ʻia i ka pono o nā poʻe wale nō iho, a hoʻowahāwahā pono ʻole i nā mea pono a me nā pono o ko mākou mau hoahānau liʻiliʻi.

I mea e pono ʻole ai ka palekana a hoʻomau ʻia ka leʻaleʻa iā mākou me kāna helu nui, pono ia, ʻo ka mea mua loa, ʻaʻole i ke komo kaua ʻole i ka wahi o kāna wahi e noho ai, e mālama i nā wahi wahi a me ka pono no ka hoʻoilo a me ka malonry, e noʻonoʻo ma mua o nā manaʻo e pili ana i kekahi kūkulu. mau alanui hou. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ia e nalo i ke kanaka a mālama pono.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā nahesa maʻamau

Nā kiʻi: ʻĀina maʻamau mai Ka Puka ʻaha

E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻaʻole kūleʻa ʻo ke kūlana no ke ola a me ka ulu ʻana o nā nahe i nā wahi a pau, no laila ma kekahi mau wahi e pono ai ka mea maʻamau. No ka mālama palekana, ua kau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Book o kekahi mau wahi: Moscow, Tver, Leningrad. Mālama ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Repubalika o Karelia. Ma kēia mau wahi a pau, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ka nui o nā reptile, ʻoiai ua nui ka nahesa i mua.

ʻO ke kumu ke hiki ke kapa ʻia i nā ʻano pōkole hou:

• hawanui kūwau,
• weliweli nui o nā ʻano wai ʻokoʻa (pono nui ka wai no nā nahe,)
• nele i ka nohona no ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana a me nā hua manu
• ke waiho ʻana i kahi kanaka e kahi kanaka mai kona wahi e noho ai ma muli o ka kī ʻana i ka ʻāina, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui, nā kūlanakauhale, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Aia i kēlā mau wahi kahi i kau inoa ʻia ka mea maʻamau ma ka Puke Hoʻomau, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻano a me nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a i ʻole e helu i ka helu. Ma nā wahi, e kūkulu ʻia nā papahana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka lehulehu o nā nāhelehele i nā panalāʻau o nā wahi kūikawā, palekana a mālama ʻia. Ma nā kapa kahawai, hōʻeuʻeu ka poʻe i nā flora kokoke i ka wai; nā wahi i hoʻohuihui ʻia i nā wahi no ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me nā ʻoluʻolu ma kēia mau ʻāina.

I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo e pili i nā mea maʻamau a ʻike mua hoʻi mai ka wā kamaliʻi, kahi e hana ai ka poʻe mai ka wā kahiko i nā moʻolelo a me nā hilinaʻi. maʻamau e hana nei he hōʻailona o ka ʻoluʻolu, ke kiaʻi o ka waiwai nui a me nā waiwai, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka haku o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Pehea ka mea e like ai me kahi ʻīlio?

Eia nō naʻe, paipai mākou i ka hiki ʻole ke hopu i ka nahesa, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me ka nahesa ʻē aʻe - he mea hoʻohui, ʻaʻole ia he mea e pōʻino ai, akā, i ka mea ʻona a me ka weliweli.He aha ka ʻokoʻa mai kahi ʻīwī: ua kākau mua mākou e pili ana i kēia ma kā mākou ʻatikala e pili ana i kahi ʻāpana pua, e ʻimi i ka pilina, aia pū kekahi pū kekahi.

He aha kekahi mea e ʻai i ke kūlohelohe?

ʻO nā nāhelehele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole i nā kānaka, akā naʻe, e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, he poʻe predator, nā amphibians a me nā iʻa ka kumu nui o kā lākou ʻai. ʻO nā huaʻalā a me nā tadpoles, nā lizards, a me nā rodents liʻiliʻi, e like me nā kiʻi, nā kiʻī, nā muskrats, a me nā squirrels, lilo i nā meaʻai aʻai pinepine. I kekahi manawa, nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi, a me kekahi mau manu liʻiliʻi, hiki iā lākou ke hele no lākou no ka ʻaina awakea. ʻAi nā ʻīliki liʻiliʻi i nā nāu liʻiliʻi, nā ʻeleʻele, nā mollusks a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi me ka leʻaleʻa. I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, nā mea kani, e like me ke kānāwai, hana i nā hoʻohālua, mālama i ka mea i make, a laila hana wikiwiki.

ʻO ka mea mahalo loa, ʻaʻole i make ka nahesa i kā lākou mea make, akā ua luku koke ʻia ia mea e like me ka mea e huki ʻia ana i ka waha. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi no ka nahesa ʻaʻole i paʻakikī, akā ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hōʻemi ʻana o kahi mea i ʻoi aku ka nui e hiki ke hala i kekahi mau hola.

Ma hope o kahi pāʻina hōʻoluʻolu, hiki ʻole i kekahi mau lā, akā i ka nui o nā nahesa, e like me nā moʻo nui ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻai. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo zoologist i kahi hihia kahi i hana ai ka nahesa ʻole e ʻai no 300 mau lā.

ʻOiai ka hikiʻole o nā ʻīlio ke pōloli i ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole lākou e lōʻihi me ka wai, ʻaʻole mau ka mea nui i kēia mau wai, a nui ka wela.

ʻĀnō makemake o nā nahesa i loko o ke ʻano

E mamao loa a nā kahe na lākou mai ka piko pono o ka pāʻina meaʻai, a hiki ke lilo i mea pio o nā mea ʻai nui: nā ʻalopeke, minks, martens. Eia nō kekahi, nā manu manu pio i pio ma luna o lākou: nā ʻuhane, nā kumulāʻau a me nā ʻaeto. ʻO ka Rats, ka mea i ʻai ʻia e nā nahesa, he maikaʻi nō naʻe, akā, ʻaʻole no nā nahele makua, akā no kā lākou hua a me nā mea liʻu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā Rodents i nā noke o nā nahesa. A heʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kahi pōʻino i nā nahesa he kanaka.

ʻIflona ola

Noho lākou i kēlā me kēia lā i kēlā me kēia lā, aloha lākou i ka Lā, Nui ka bask i nā hihi mahana, lākou i hoʻolaʻa ai i ka hapa nui o ke ao, koe wale aʻe i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi - ʻo ia ka manawa no ka hopu. Eia kekahi, ʻike ka moʻo i ka piʻi i nā lāʻau, ʻoiai e neʻe mai ka lālā a hiki i ka lālā, kau a maikaʻi a hiki i ka wai no ka lōʻihi. He nui nā kānaka i wehewehe i nā hihia i ʻike lākou i ka nahesa, no ka laʻana, ma waenakonu o kahi loko nui.

Nui nā ʻano mea a nāu e ʻalupā nei i nā nahe, ua ʻeli lākou i nā ʻalani maoli i lalo o lalo, a ʻo nā mea nui o ka wao e like me ka eli ʻana i ka lepo pāheu a kau ka one ma luna o lākou.

ʻAuhea a pehea e hoʻohiki ai nā moʻo

Me ka hiki ʻana o nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, paʻa ka hana nui a kēia mau reptile, hāʻule nā ​​nahe i ka hibernation, e hoʻomaka ana i ka hāʻule a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 8 mau mahina, a hiki mai ka wela o ka pūnāwai. No ka hoʻoilo, koho ke nāhelehele i kahi huna kahi e hoʻomaha ʻole ai i ka wā frosts. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ma nā wahi e hiki ai i nā nāhelehele ke hōʻuluʻulu no ka hoʻoilo, a ʻo kekahi manawa a me nā nahesa hiki ke hoʻoilo pū me lākou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela, huʻu nā nahesa mai ko lākou wahi hoʻoilo.

Wai-wai

ʻO kēia ka mea pili pili āpau o ka nahe maʻamau, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka makemake o kēia ʻano holoholona, ​​no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, e noho ana ia mai ka hema-komohana o Parani a hiki i waena o ʻAsia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka hema o Ukraine, ma Caucasus, Kazakhstan a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe. E like me kā ʻoukou e manaʻo ai, ka pili ʻana o ke ola o ka nahe ʻana i ka wai me ka wai, ʻaʻole lākou e noho wale i nā kahakai o nā kahawai a me nā loko, akā i kekahi manawa a me ke kai. Haʻa maoli lākou me ka maʻalahi, me ka wai ikaika, a hiki i lalo o ka wai i kahi lōʻihi. ʻO ka maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi lāʻau ʻoliva, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka ʻoliva me nā wahi i piha ʻia a me nā kaula. I ka awelika, loaʻa ka wai i 1 m ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai aia nō kekahi mau ʻelele ma lalo o 1,6 m ka lōʻihi. He mea pōʻino maoli kēia kanaka, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i ka pā, akā no ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ke kala ʻulaʻi pinepine ia me kahi mea hoʻomohala a me ka mercilessly exterminated.

ʻO Colchis hoʻi

He poʻo nui ia, noho nui ʻo ia ma ʻAsia Central, ma Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, Georgia, a me ka hema o Rūsia. Noho ma ka nano a me ka nahele beech. Mai nā pōloli ʻē aʻe i ʻike kēia ʻano i ka lihi ākea nui o ke poʻo a me ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā wahi ʻalani ma ke kua o ke poʻo. He 1-1.3 m ka lōʻihi. Pipi maoli ʻo ia, me ka hoʻowalewale ʻana ma lalo o ka wai. I kēia manawa, ke emi nei ka nui o nā nahe a Colchis i ʻike nui ʻia a pono hoʻi e hana i nā mea e pale aku ai e mālama iā lākou.

ʻO Viper

E noho ana kēia mea ma nā ʻāina o ka Mema, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia ma ke kūkulu hema o ko Ukraine. Noho kokoke kēia mau ʻīlena i nā loko wai, nā kahawai a me nā kīwī, a loaʻa ko lākou inoa i ka like o nā kū like ʻole me nā vipers iā lākou iho. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēia ʻano like ʻole i nā nahesa i pepehi ʻia, ke noʻonoʻo nei he mea hoʻohui, ʻoiai ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai.

ʻO Tiger kekahi

Akā ʻo ka tiger, e noho ana i Asia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo China, Japan, Korea, he mea weliweli ia, no ka mea, aia kahi pilikino olakino e hoʻohana ana iā ia iho i ka pale. ʻAʻole e like me kona mau hoahānauʻino ʻole, he naona maikaʻi maoli nō, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i like ka ikaika o ka ʻōpū o ka naona tiger, ʻaʻole i like me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a me nā mea hihiu ʻē aʻe. Aia i 1.1 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia nahesa, ʻo kona kaila ʻōwili, e like me ka tiger, no laila ka inoa.

ʻĀpana kū

Noho ʻo kēia ʻano ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika, no ka mea, i ʻike ʻia ma ka hikina United States, mai Iowa a me Texas, a hiki i Florida. Hoʻohālikelike ia i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe i kona ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi - ʻo ka lōʻihi he 25 cm wale nō kona ʻāpana kala.

Kepani ua

ʻOiai ka inoa, ʻaʻole ia i Iapana wale nō, akā i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe o Asia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Far East o ka Russian Federation. Aia i kahi ona liʻiliʻi heʻuʻuku ia - ʻo kona lōʻihi ma ka awelika 50 cm a me ke kala paʻa: ʻoi aku ka brown, brown a brown-ʻulaʻula me kahi ʻāpana ʻala.

Pehea e hua ai nā holoholona?

E like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, ʻōleʻa nā ʻōlapa ma ke kau ʻana i nā hua. Hiki i nā Males a lākou opio i 3 mau makahiki o nā makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine liʻiliʻi ma hope o 4-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka kā lākou māla i ka puna, aneane koke ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hānau ʻana. Eia ʻo ke alo ʻana iā lākou penei: ke hoʻokokoke aku ke kāne i ka wahine, ʻoiai e lūlū ana i kona poʻo mai ka ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao. A laila e mimilo ia i kona ʻaoʻao, hoʻoili ʻo ia iā ia, ʻāwili i kāna huelo a puni iā ​​ia. He mea hōʻeuʻeu kekahi i nā manawa kāne e hōʻuluʻulu a puni i hoʻokahi wahine i ka manawa, e hana ana i kahi tangle maoli maoli, akā, ʻaʻole i like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i kaua nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi, a hoʻāʻo wale nō i ka pale i ka mea hoʻokūkū ma ka hoʻohālikelike i ka wahine.

Ma hope koke o ka hoʻomōlohelohe ʻana, hoʻolei ka wahine i nā hua. Ua uhi ʻia nā hua me kahi kiʻi ʻono paʻapū keʻokeʻo, ua nui ia me nā makela mikroskopiko, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka protein pākuʻi kūikawā. Hiki i ka nui o ka masonry ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka nahesa, a ʻo ka mea hoihoi, hiki i kēia mau nahesa ke hana i ka masonry kolamu, ʻo ia ka helu a hiki i ka 1000 nā hua manu.

No nā pipi, e ʻike ana i nā nāhelehele e ʻoluʻolu, nā wahi paʻa, hiki i kēia mau mea ke neʻe o nā humus, nā ʻōpala i nāhelehele, nā moss, a me nā lau hāʻule. Ka hala ʻana o ka male ʻana i loko o nā kahe i 1-2 mau mahina, ma hope o ka huki ʻana nā kaʻi mai loko mai laila, ka puka koke aku ia a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa. I ka manawa like, make ka nui o lākou i ka wā ʻōpiopio, ʻo lākou e ʻai ai i nā nahele liʻiliʻi, me kā lākou kīʻaha i ka wā e hiki mai ana: ka ʻaka, nā kiʻi a me nā hokihe.

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i nā nahesa

• I ka manawa aia nā hanana like ʻole i hānau ʻia nā kānaka ʻelua poʻo. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā ʻano nahesa ʻē aʻe e ola no ka lōʻihi.
• Ma nā moʻolelo ʻōwili he nui nā moʻolelo o nā nahesa, no ka laʻana, ua like nā naheka e alapine i nā baki ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka fiction.
• ʻO ka nālaka he mau loina pinepine o nā moʻolelo pilikino i mea e hana ai lākou i kahu ma nā waiwai a me nā waihona waiwai.