Holothuria - He holoholona kupaianaha kēia e like me ka mea kanu. Aia kēia holoholona i ka papa o nā invertebrates, ke ʻano o ka echinoderms. ʻO kēia mau "sausages", a penei ke ʻano o ke ʻano o lākou, he nui nā inoa - ke kōkaʻa kai, ke kōkaʻa kai, nā ginseng moana.
ʻOlua Holothuria Hoʻohui like ʻole i nā ʻano he nui, ʻo ia ka 1150. Ua ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano i kekahi o nā ʻelele o kēia papa i kekahi mau ala. No laila, āpau ʻano o holothuria i hui pū ʻia i 6 mau ʻano. ʻO nā loina i lawe ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale kahi mau ʻano: nā anatomical, waho a me nā ʻano genetic. No laila, e ʻike kākou i nā ʻano holothuria:
1. ʻAʻole hala nā holothuria kīnā ʻole. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou poʻe hoahānau ʻē aʻe, ʻae lākou i ka desalination o ka wai maikaʻi loa, ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka noho. Hiki ke loaʻa ka hapa nui ma nā lehelehe i loko o nā pulu mangawai o ke keʻena ʻo Ras Mohamed.
2. Hāʻawi ʻia ka holothuria kīnā ʻole me nā wāwae ambulacral ma nā ʻaoʻao. Makemake lākou i ke ola ma ka hohonu hohonu.
3. ʻO nā holothurians i kūkulu ʻia. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou kino he fusiform. Nā ʻano ʻano o ka holothurium ua hoʻopau i ke ola ma ka ʻāina.
4. ʻO ka holoturia holomua ka mea maʻamau. No nā ʻōna kai mua loa ma kēia ʻano.
5. He mau pākaha pōkole o thyroid e huna ʻole i loko o ke kino.
6. Hoʻopili ʻo Dactylochirotides i nā trepangs me 8 a me 30 mau ʻeka.
HolothuriakaiakaoMa muli o kona ʻokoʻa a me ka hiki ke hoʻāla i nā kūlana ola, ʻike ʻia ma aneane āpau. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa wale wale nō ka Kaiahi Caspian a me Baltic Seas.
He nui no hoʻi ka ʻāina ākea no ko lākou noho ʻana. Loaʻa nui sea holothuria i nā kai a me nā subtropical. Hiki i kēia mau kukama ke noho kū i ka wai pāpaku a me nā waihona hohonu. ʻO kā lākou pākōlele nui ka puaʻa cony a me nā kumu stony i piha i nā mea kanu.
Pono ke kino o kēia mau kānaka noho i lalo o ka wai, no kēia kumu ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau kukama moana. ʻIliʻu a ʻili ʻia ka ʻili. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā iwi āpau. I kekahi welina o ke kino o ka waha, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ke kuʻu. Aia nā hale ʻokoʻa a puni ka waha.
Me kā lākou kōkua, lawe ka ginseng moana i ka ʻai a hoʻouna iā ia i loko o ka waha. Pulu lākou i ka meaʻai no ka mea, ʻaʻohe o lākou niho. ʻAʻole i pau ka ʻano o kēia mau mea i ka ʻili, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana nūlā he mau loko wale nō e pili ana i kahi pūpū.
Kumukulula ʻo Holothuria
Hōʻano hiʻohiʻona holekauria ginseng kai ʻO kā lākou pūnaha hydraulic. E wehe ka wai wai o kēia mau holoholona keu i mua o ke kumuhana i loko o ka cesspool, he mea maoli ʻole ia no nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.
Mālamalama ka kala o kēia mau holoholona. ʻEleʻele, ʻulaʻula, uliuli a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi. Paʻa ʻia ka ʻili o ka ʻili noho i holothuria. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu me ke ʻano o ke kala ʻoniʻoni o ka ʻōpū o ke kai. ʻO ka nui o ia mau "lalo o nā ʻōpū o nā wai" ʻaʻole i palena nā palena. Hiki iā lākou mai 5 mm a 5 m.
Nā hōʻike kūlohelohe e pili ana i nā holothurians
He aha ka mea likeʻole ma waena o holothuria a me nā echinoderms?
Basically, ka maʻamau o ka holothurians i mua o ka elongated, worm-like, like oblong kino ʻano, kahi ʻano ʻaneʻuku he ʻano maʻamau.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nā māhina o ka holothurians, ua hoʻemi ʻia ke ʻili o ko lākou ʻili, ua hana ia i nā iwi calcareous liʻiliʻi. ʻElima mau kāleka ʻelima o ke kino, a nui nā kino i loaʻa bilaterally.
Holothuria (Holothuroidea).
ʻIli ʻia ka ʻili o kēia mau kukuna i ka pā ʻana, me nā ʻaukala he nui. He paʻu ka pā me ka turgor kiʻekiʻe. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōpala mākeke. ʻO ka esophagus e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻenehana longitudinal, ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou i ka apo kaleka. ʻO kekahi ʻaoʻao o ke kino e hōʻike ʻia e ka waha, a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao kekahi he anus. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ka waha a puni me ka tent tent, ʻo kā lākou hana e hopu ai i ka meaʻai a hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia i kuli ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōpū.
No ka hanu, loaʻa nā holothurians i kahi pūnaehana ambulacral kūikawā (hydraulic), a me ka pūpū wai. Hōʻike lākou nā ʻeke e wehe i mua o ke anus i ka cloaca.
ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai ua kapa ʻia nā trepang.
E waiho ana nā kukama o ke kai ma lalo, ma ka ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻano no ke koena o ka echinoderms. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ventral e hōʻike ʻia i nā lālani ʻekolu o nā wāwae ambulacral, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao dorsal he ʻelua ʻaoʻao o kēlā mau wāwae. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ventral ka mea e kapa ʻia ʻo trivium, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao dorsal ʻo ka bivium. ʻO kekahi holothurians e noho ana i loko o ka wai hohonu he elongated ambulacral wāwae, kapa ʻia he mau stilts. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻano ʻē aʻe me ke kōkua o nā ʻuhane, kahi i hōʻemi ʻia e ke ʻano o peristalsis.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻāpanaʻeleʻele ka holothurians, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, i kekahi manawa me nā kala ʻona. He laulā ākea loa ka lōʻihi o ke kino, mai 3 cm a 2 mika. Aia hoʻi kahi ʻike he ʻelima kūmita kona lōʻihi.
Hōʻike ʻia ka fauna o kēia lā e nā 1150 ʻano, māhele ʻia i 6 kauoha.
Diet a me ka nohona o holothuria
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo kai he holoholona lawehala e neʻe iki iki. Ua pālahalaha nui i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kai, i kahi hohonu. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻuhane hohonu, a me ke kahakai hoʻi. ʻO nā ʻila coral kahi kahi i hōʻuluʻulu ai nā holothurians i loko o nā helu nui. Ke alakaʻi nei ka nui o nā ʻano he ʻano ʻē aʻe i lalo o ke ola, akā, aia kekahi poʻe e noho ana i ka pou wai a i ʻole kokoke i ka maka. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻanoʻano pelagic.
Ua hāpai ʻia ka hopena o ka waha. ʻO Plankton, a me kekahi koena ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka silt, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻai, nā holothurians. Hoʻopili lākou iā lākou me ke one a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma o ke kaomi kūwili, kahi i kānana ʻia nā mea a pau. Akā kanu kekahi mau mea kanu e hoʻohana ana i nā tentacles i uhi ʻia i ka mucus.
Ma Lūkia, aia ma kahi o 100 mau lāʻau o nā kukama moana.
I loko o nā manawa o ka hoʻonāukiuki nui, hoʻokuʻu lākou i kahi mahele o ka ʻōpū ma o ke anus, a me kahi ʻāpana o ka wai. Ma kēia ala kūikawā, pale ʻia lākou mai ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua ʻana, hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia kā lākou mau kino. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nō hoʻi e hoʻolei aku i nā ʻili ʻo Cuvier i nā mea make. Ua lilo pinepine nā Holothurians i mau pōpoki, nā iʻa, kekahi mau crustaceans a me ka ʻoli. ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha ʻo ia i loko o kā lākou'ōpū e hiki i ka mea hoʻopiha ke noho - nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kīʻaha liʻiliʻi hoʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pālahalaha a me ke alualu o ka holo ʻana o nā kukama moana
Hoʻokahi ka ʻiʻo o ka holothuria o ka holothuria, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka gonad, he nui o nā ʻākena i kiʻi ʻia i loko o kahi pūpū. ʻO ka hua pinepine ka maʻi maʻamau ma waho o ke kino; e ulu pū ka ulu ʻana i ka extracorporeally. I kekahi manawa hōʻike ka holothurians i ka agility a hopu i ka hua me ka tent tent, hoʻolei iā lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal o ke kino, i nā mea kūikawā.
ʻO ka fossils kahiko holothurian kahiko i ka wā Silurian.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei ka hua i kahi mahele o nā loli. Hoʻomaka ka metamorphoses me kahi larva hiki i kaʻauʻau, akā ʻo ka puka mua, ka ʻano o nā echinoderms āpau, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka diplopleuria, i kekahi mau lā i lilo ai i auricularia, a laila he lobar. Aia kekahi mau ʻano palalima ʻē aʻe, e like me ka vitellaria a me nā pentactules, he ʻano kūkaʻi lākou i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā holothurians. Noho ke mau kukama kai, ma ka awelika, 5-10 mau makahiki.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano o ka holothurians, no laila, hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ka lawaiʻa ma Kina, Iapana, a me ka South Pacific. Hoʻokū ʻia ka hana pio ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao o Lūkia.
Makemake nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea momona i hoʻoilo ʻia e nā kukama kai, a hopu kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa i ka iʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōpala.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
He aha ka kukama moana
ʻO ka wai kolo (trepang) a i ʻole holothuria (lat. Holoturoidea) he holoholona invertebrate, nona nā ʻano o ka echinoderms. ʻO nā mākaʻikaʻi kaulana loa: ʻo Iapana a me ka cucumaria. Hoʻokahi wale ka mea i loko o kona ʻano, ka helehelena, nā pale palekana, a he nui nō hoʻi o nā mea waiwai. Hoʻohana ikaika ʻia lākou no nā kumu lāʻau, a me nā kīʻaha meaʻai momona e loaʻa mai ka ʻiʻo trepang. I Kina kahiko, ua kapa ʻia ka holoholona i kapa ʻia "ginseng moana."
Ehia a me nā ʻano o nā kukala moana
Ka helu o nā manaʻo: 1100.
Aia kahi 6 mau pūʻulu:
Hoʻokomo ʻia | Nā hiʻohiʻona |
ʻAno | Hoʻopau ʻole nā wāwae Ambulacral. E hōʻoluʻolu nui i kahi kai wai. Habitat: mau wahi iʻa kūloko o ke aupuni ʻōiwi no Ras Mohammed (unuhi ʻia ʻo "Cape Mohammed"). |
Koa haki | ʻO ke ʻano ʻelua o nā kāmeʻa o ke kino. Aia ka wāwae o Ambulacral ma ke ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Noho lākou i nā hohonu hohonu. |
Hoʻolā kālai | ʻO ke kino ke kino. Hoʻopau i ke ola i ka honua. |
Kahakaha lāʻau | Loaʻa iā ia ka helu nui a me nā pākuʻi. Ke ola - hana ʻole. |
ʻO nā māla lole thyroid | ʻO nā pahola thyroid liʻiliʻi i huki ʻole ʻia i loko. |
Dactylochirotides | Nā ʻoluʻolu kāhea. |
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema holoturia ma ka Caribbean, kahiʻokoʻa loa i kā lākou mau hoa. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ʻIpniastes eximia a i ʻole kukupa ʻaina ʻulaʻula. Ua kāhea ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi "moa ʻaʻohe poʻo." ʻO Bioluminescence, ka neʻe i ka kolamu wai (hiki ke lele aʻe a hiki i 1 km) nā mana kūikawā o kēia ʻaha.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka laukele?
Nā wahi nui: Kina, Japan, ʻ archlelo archipelago, kai moana a ka Pākīpika, kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Pilipo.
ʻO ka Far East kahi kahi e lawaiʻa ai nā lawaiʻa no ka cucumaria a me ka kōkela lau o Iapana.
Paʻi ʻia nā kālima huaʻai i ka wahi mahana, ʻaʻole i nā wahi hohonu, e peʻe ai i nā algae a i ʻole ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka silt. ʻAʻole noho ka holoholona i ka wai wai (me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o nā ʻelele o nā ʻina kaukau ʻole).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā neʻe
Noho nā Holothuri i kahi ʻohana, akā neʻe kūʻokoʻa wale nō, ka hoʻokahi. Aia i ka heleʻana a me ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae ambulacral, ʻo ka wikiwiki a me ka hiki ke neʻe no nā mea āpau. Kekahi mau kanaka liʻiliʻi i nā kūmaha kūikawā, no laila ke neʻe nei lākou me ke kōkua o nā neʻe peristaltic, ka hoʻoiho ʻia ʻana mai ka papale mai nā iwi calcareous.
Lāiau a me kaʻai kino
I ka nui o ka manawa, he ikaika ka holoholona, no laila, he mea maʻalahi ka ʻai a no nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka moana (crustaceans, iʻa, iʻa. No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, e kiola aku ana ʻo holothurium i hope o kāna mau ʻōpū kūloko. ʻO kēia ʻūlū ʻana, a i hiki iā ia ke peʻe i mua o ke kukuna o ke kai. ʻO ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wā piha i loko o 6-8 mau pule.
Heʻino a i ʻole
Noho ka pōkole hua i loko o ka simbiosis me ka iʻa. Hoʻokomo lākou i loko o ka holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o nā anus a me nā wai wai. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea momona e waiho wale no ka pale ʻana.
No laila, make anei a i ole paha? Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke hoʻokuʻu i nā ʻukā lawai anuo inā pono. Pono ka pōʻino i nā holoholona holoholona liʻiliʻi. No kahi kanaka, palekana piha nā pale kai.
ʻO nā mea ʻai
Plankton, nā mea palolo - nā kumu o ka meaʻai o ka holothuria. Ma ka mākaʻi ʻana i ka wai ma waena o nā pahu, nā microorganisms a me plankton i loko o ka waha o nā holoholona. No ka hana i kēia, aia nā 10-30 mau hale noho i hoʻokele ʻia a puni ka waha.
Ua ʻōlelo nā kānaka noiʻi ua loaʻa nā holothurians i kahi mea hana bipolar no ka meaʻai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hiki ke komo ka mea ʻai i nā ala ʻelua: ma o ka waha a me ka anus.
E ʻimi ʻia ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha. I ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻai nā holothurians. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka hoʻomaka o ka wai.
Ma hope o ke kīnā ʻana, hoʻopiʻi ka kāne a hoʻōla i ka ikaika a ʻai me ka ʻole iki. A laila e ala ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou i kahi ʻimi ikaika no ka ʻai.
ʻAno hānau
Ka manawa hoʻoulu: Iune - Kepakemapa.
I ka wā lohi, huki ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine, ke lawe nei i kahi kūlana kū o ke kino, hoʻomaka i ka holo. Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina e hoʻomaka ana nā huahana sex i ka wā e pili ai ka wehe ʻana i ka kāne ʻōpiopio.
Ma waena o nā ʻelele he mau sex-sex (synthesize male, female sex sex) a me ka dioecious. Hoʻopau ʻia nā kāne male hua a me nā hua hua i nā gonads, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā huahana huaʻai ma o ka genital duct.
I ka hapanui o nā holothurians, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpū i waho. Me ke kōkua o nā tent tent, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hua ma ke dorsal o ke kino. I kekahi manawa hana ka embryo form ma loko o kahi pākeke. Holo hua hua ʻōpiopio - dipleuroles. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, huli lākou i ka auricularia, a laila i loko o ka lobes, vitellaria a me ka pentatulum.
Loaʻa ka ola ola o holothuria ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki.
Hoʻohui kūlohelohe
ʻO ka kukuna ʻa ka moana ka protein o ka papa. He waiwai i nā amino amino, nā makro a me nā microelements: potassium, magnesium, iodine, fluorine, cobalt, keleawe, bromine, chlorine, nickel, calcium, hao. Hele pū kekahi i nā papa kaiʻai, ka momona momona o ka polyunsaturated, B, C vitamina, a me ka nicotinic acid (PP). He 15.95 ka hui ʻana.
ʻO nā waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
Loaʻa nā pono kūpono o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻai o ka trepang ma ke olakino maikaʻi:
- Hoʻonui i ka manawa o ka hoʻoponopono ma hope o ka hōʻeha a me nā maʻi.
- No kekahi mau makahiki, ʻo ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka Far East e hoʻohana i ka ʻai trepang i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka metabolism a me ka hoʻokahe koko.
- Loaʻa ia he hopena maikaʻi me ka maʻi maʻi (ka puhi o nā kihi).
- ʻO ka kiʻi hou mai ka trepang kahi hopena maikaʻi loa i ka mokuʻina o ke aʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
- Hoʻohana ka kosmetology i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka trepang no ke kaʻina hana rejuvenation.
- Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana endocrine.
- Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka kōpō kai he aphrodisiac ikaika. Ua hana ʻia e mālama i ka prostatitis i nā kāne, me ka hoʻihoʻi hou i nā hana moʻo kāne kāne.
- Nā helu calorie 100g o nā huahana: 35kcal. No laila, ʻoi ʻia e hoʻohana i ka holothuria makaʻa i nā poʻe e mālama i ko lākou paona, ua kūpono ia no ka mea momona.
- ʻO nā pono e pono ai o ka wai moana ma ka lāʻau lapaʻau e manao ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka pae o ka pale ʻana i ka pale.
- E hala ke kaumaha, nalo nā luhi.
ʻŌpena ʻo Trepang
Ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, pono ʻoe e ʻike he mākaukau ka ʻiʻo o ka meaʻai o kahi kukama kai - he mea ʻala ia. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e manaʻo mai kahi papaʻaina e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻono. Akā e lawe nā kīʻaha i nā pono olakino maikaʻi. ʻO nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo loa no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā holothurians maikaʻi ʻole.
- Noho nā makaʻāina o nā ʻāina mamao o Farato i ka trepang maka. No kēia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kupapaʻu i nā insides, holoi ʻia. A laila ʻōwili maikaʻi, kāwili i ka soy.
- ʻO Skoblyanka kahi kīʻaha wela e lawelawe ʻia ma luna ona a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.
- Kāwili ʻia, ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana o ke kōpaʻa.
- Onioni
- ʻO ka paʻakai, ka ʻōpala, nā mea ʻala e hoʻāʻo
- Tomato
- Hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole ka lolo.
Hoʻomoʻa kālele a hiki i ka palupalu. Hoʻopili i ka aniani a hiki i ke gula, e hoʻohui i ka ai i kuke ʻia, paʻakai, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻoma. Ma hope o ke kuhiʻana, e hoʻoheheʻe no 5 mau minuke. E hoʻohui i ke kāleka inā makemake.
- Me nā meaʻaiʻai - hiki i kahi kīʻaha maikaʻi loa ke lilo i ka papahele.
- Kahu ʻia nā ʻōpala trepang 2-3pcs.
- Palapala 2pcs.
- Kāoliki 200-300g
- Ihe mau 2 pcs.
- Poki ʻia ka moa momona 100-150g
- Kāleka 3-4 hulu
- Piolo
- ʻIngerlelo Kaukaʻi 100g
- Butter 6 tbsp
- ʻO ka paʻakai, ka pepa e hoʻāʻo ai.
- Sesame 1-3 tbsp.
Kohuʻa ʻia i ka ʻiʻo iʻaila, kaʻaila. Kāwili i nā greens kāwili me ka ʻiʻo. A laila e hoʻouna i ka ʻehā i ka kāpeti. Ma hope o 5 mau minuke (a i ʻole a mākau i ka mea kāpala), e hoʻohui i nā aniani nā pēpala a me nā kaloti. E hoʻomoʻi i ka wela wela a hiki i ka kuke ʻana no nā minuke 10-15. E lawelawe me nā hua sesame.
- ʻO ka kukuna kai ma ka meli kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. Ola nā mea pono āpau.No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka momona o ka meli mai ka trepang iā ʻoe iho, pono ʻoe e ʻoki i ka ʻai i ka hapalua kī a maloʻo. Hoʻohui i ka meli, ka nānā ʻana i kahi hapa o 1: 1. E hoʻomoʻa i kahi wahi anu no ka 2 mau mahina, e hoʻoulu i kekahi manawa. Lawe i 1 tbsp. 15-20 mau minuke ma mua o ka ʻaina.
Masterok
ʻO nā ʻōlima o ke kai, nā kukama moana a i ʻole kukama ʻia e kapa ʻia nā holoholona, nona ka ʻōpū i hoʻopā ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi iki, ma hope o, i nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻano like ia me kahi hua lāʻau a i ʻole kukama. Ma kahi o 1,100 mau ʻano o nā kapakai huaʻai. Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa ʻo "nā kukuna moana" i kēia mau holoholona e Pliny, a me ka wehewehe o kekahi mau ʻano pili i ʻAristotle.
He mea hoihoi ke Holothurians i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona o waho, nā kala kukui, ke ala ʻoluʻolu o ke ola, a me kekahi mau ʻano hana, aia hoʻi, he mea nui ka manaʻo waiwai. Ma mua o 30 mau ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka holothurians e hoʻohana ʻia e nā kānaka no ka meaʻai. ʻO ka holothurians maikaʻi loa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo trepangs, ua manaʻo ʻia ia he mea momona maikaʻi a hoʻōla ʻia, no laila ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā lawaiʻa o kēia mau holoholona mai nā wā kahiko.
ʻO nā lawaiʻa nui o trepangs e hoʻopili ʻia ma mua o ke kapakai o Iapana a me Kina, i nā wai o ka mokupuni ʻo Malay, mai nā mokupuni o ka ʻaoʻao moana o ka Pakipika, kokoke i ka mokupuni ʻo Filipina. ʻO nā lawaiʻa trepang koʻikoʻi e mālama ʻia i ka Moana Iniana, i ke Kaiʻula, ma kahakai o ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika, ʻAralia a me Italia. Ma nā kai loko o Far East, 2 mau mea ola o nā holothurians (Stichopus japonicus a me Cucumaria japonica) i mined, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka meaʻai kēkē a me nā meaʻai maloʻo. ʻO ka ʻekena musculoskeletal o holothuria, i hoʻoili ʻia ma mua o ka hana hoʻomehana ʻana e ka wā kuke, maloʻo, a me ka puhi ʻana ma kekahi mau ʻāina, i ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻai. ʻO kēia mau huahana semi-hoʻopau, nā māhu a me nā ʻehā. Ma Italia, ʻai nui nā lawaiʻa i nā kukama iʻa me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻia iā lākou i ka hoʻōla ʻana.
Ma ka ʻano hiʻona, hoʻohana ʻia nā holothurians i meaʻai ma Iapana, kahi a lākou, ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea hana, ua ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana a ʻohi ʻia me ka soy a me ka wīwa. Ma ke ʻano o ka pahu musculoskeletal, hoʻohana nā kamaʻāina o Iapana a me nā Mokupuni o ka Pākīpika i ka pālani a me nā gonads o nā holothurian i pau ʻia, ka mea i kūʻai ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hana kekahi mau ʻoihana maʻEulopa i nā huahana kalai mai nā kukama moana, kahi nui loa. ʻO ka lawaiʻa honua no Stichopus japonicus i ka makahiki 1981 he 8098 miliona mau tona.
He holoholona nui nā Holothurians, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa a 10 a 40 cm, eia naʻe, i waena o lākou he mau ʻano dwarf i hiki ʻole i kekahi mau kenekulia, a me nā Repa maoli, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - ma ka 5 cm ka lōʻihi - hiki lākou 2 m, a i kekahi mau manawa he 5 m.ʻO nā holothurians e ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ke kino kino mai nā ʻelele o nā papa o ka papa o ka echinoderms. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ka like ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻalopelo nui, akā ʻo kekahi mau ʻano he ʻaneʻe cylindrical a he spindle paha, a i kekahi manawa a spornical a i ʻūlū ʻia paha, me ka hūnā i nā ʻano like ʻole ma hope o kona kua.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia ʻano kino, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maoli nā holothurians ma waena o nā dorsal a me nā ʻaoʻao ventral, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou ʻaoʻao ʻōpū e kū pono i ka morphologically pili i nā holoholona simaterally simmmally. Puhi maoli lākou i nā ʻaoʻao o lākou, me ka waha e kū mua ai, no laila ua inoa nā inoa "ʻōpū" a me "dorsal", akā ua kūlike kekahi. I nā hiʻohiʻona nui, ʻoi aku ka ʻaoʻao ventral a i ʻole e hoʻemi ʻia a paʻa paha i ka holo. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻōpū me 3 radii a me 2 interradiuses, no laila e kapa pinepine ʻia ka trivium, a me nā ʻaoʻao dorsal, a i ʻole bivium, nā 2 radii a me 3 interradiuses. ʻO ka wahi o nā wāwae ma ke kino o nā ʻōpū hua manu e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāpana dorsal a me ka ventral, no ka mea he mau wāwae trivium ikaika, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka radii a i kekahi manawa i loaʻa i nā interradius, ua lako pū me nā kīwaha suction a lawelawe i ka neʻe ʻana i ka holoholona, ʻoiai ua nalowale nā wāwae bivium i ko lākou mau kaʻa holo, kīʻaha ʻia nā kīʻaha inu e ʻokiʻoki a ke lawelawe pono nei i nā hana ʻano. ʻAʻohe o ka poʻe Holothuri i kahi kaawale o ke poʻo, ʻoiai ma kekahi mau ʻano, no ka laʻana, i nā māka hohonu o ke kai o ka holothuriane wāwae wāwae, ʻike kekahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao mua mai ke koena o ke kino, no laila kapa ʻia kēlā i kēia manawa ke poʻo.
ʻO ka waha, kahi o kekahi ʻano no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka meaʻai a paʻa i ka sphincter kokoke loa, aia i ka mua o ke kino a i ka hū iki paha i ka ʻaoʻao ʻōpū, ua waiho ʻia ka ʻaha ma ka hope. I nā ʻōnaehana liʻiliʻi e kanu ana iā lākou iho i ka ulana a hoʻopili paha i nā pōhaku, neʻe ka waha a me ka anus i ka ʻaoʻao dorsal, e hāʻawi ana i ka holoholona i kahi ʻupuʻu, bulbous, a i ʻole ʻea. ʻO nā hale ʻona e hoʻopuni ana i ka waha, kahi e loli ai nā wāwae ambulacral, he mea kino o nā holothurians āpau. Aia ka helu o ka hale hoʻāno ma 8 a 30, a ua ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano no nā ʻelele o nā ʻōmole like ʻole. Pahuʻi a pālahalaha nā ʻeke nā uhi, e uhi ana i ka wai nui o ka wai i ka lawaiʻa, a i ʻole ka pōkole, ka thyroid, like me nā pua a i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mea ʻalopona mai ka papakū, a i ʻole ka maʻalahi me nā helu ʻāpana o ka hana lima, a i ʻole cirrus, e kōkua ana i ka ʻeli ʻana holothuria ma ka ʻāina. ʻO nā mea āpau āpau, e like me nā wāwae ambulacral, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā kahawai o ka pūnaehana aquifer a ʻaʻole pono wale nō no ka meaʻai, ka holo, akā, no nā paʻi ʻana, a ma kekahi mau mea no ka hanu.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ākea o nā kapo hua manu ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pulu palupalu i ka nui o nā ʻano. He wale nō o nā ʻelele o nā kauoha o ka holothurians kumulāʻau lāʻau a me nā dactylochirotides e loaʻa i kahi ʻōpala o waho e ʻike ʻia ana i ka maka nalo i ke ʻano o nā papa i pili paʻa kekahi a me ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano. ʻO ke kāwili o ka ʻili o nā holothurians i koe o nā pelekikō polikika mikroskopika o kahi ʻano ʻānō maikaʻi loa a nani hoʻi.
Me nā papa mania i loaʻa i kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ke kīkī ʻeke "haki", "mau aniani", "lāʻau", "" kāwili "," mau puʻu ʻula "," mau mōʻī "," crosses "," wili "," mau helehelena " . ^ E Ha yM. Ma ke ʻano o nā ʻili o ke kino, hiki ke loaʻa nā papa kalaiwa ma nā halekula, kokoke i ka membrane kokoke-waha, nā wāwae ambulacral, a me nā genitals. ʻAʻole wale kekahi mau holoholona wale nō i nā papa kalaiwa; no ka hapanui o nā ʻano, he ʻano ʻano a he nui ko lākou mana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana.
Aia ka nui o ka iwi nui i loko o ke kino o ka holothurium a puni i ka pharynx. Hiki ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole ke caryngeal calcareous sing loea o ka holothurians: me ka ʻole o nā kaʻina hana, a i ʻole a me nā ʻōnaehana, ʻokoʻa a me ka mosaic, pēlā nō, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he 10 mau ʻāpana, 5 ka mea e pili me ka wīwī o ka holoholona, 5 i interradiuses. Ma kekahi mau helu, lawelawe ka manele a pharyngeal i kahi o ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā ʻelima mau lima e like me ka mauʻeha (retractor muscles) e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino me nā tent tent.
Hoʻopili ʻia i ka mua o ka hope o ke kino a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hala ʻana e mālama ʻia e ka hana a nā ʻenehana lima e like me nā ʻōiwi (like me nā lā protractor) i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke apo pharyngeal kokoke i ka retractors. Hoʻonui nui nā ʻanā i loko o nā kapakai huaʻai a hoʻonui ʻia i ka ikaika o ko lākou integuments; ʻo ka musculoskeletal sac e kō ana i kahi manamana o nā ʻaloli a me nā ʻāpana ʻelima o nā ʻāpana māhina lōʻihi e kū ana ma ka radii.
Me ke kōkua o kēlā mau ʻuhane ikaika, neʻe kekahi mau holothurians, burrow i loko o ka lepo a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nui ke kino ma ka huhū liʻiliʻi. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻano kūloko o nā kūmole hua manu me ka ʻano ʻano ʻano A. ʻĀnō paha, pono wale nō e nānā i kahi hāmeʻa kūikawā - nā kakano Cuvier i loaʻa i nā hui o nā holothurians, a me nā mea hanu kūikawā - nā wai wai. Kūkulu ʻia nā koena o Cuvier i nā mea ʻokoʻa i nā koina o ka kao o ka holoturia holookiko-tentacle. He mau puka tubular glandular kahi e hāʻule ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻōpala posterior - cloaca.
Ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻia kahi holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke kiola ʻia i loko o ka cloaca a hoʻopaʻa i kahi mea huhū. ʻO nā ʻōpū wai, nā mea i nele ʻole i nā holothurians i nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, ua hoʻopili ʻia me ka cesspool e kahi ʻano maʻamau. ʻElua lākou mau ʻāpana a nā kihi i kū hema a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka kulu. Hiki i nā kala wai ke aniani i nā kala kala ʻona a noho i kahi mahele nui o ka lua o ke kino o ka holoholona.
ʻO nā lālā lateral pahu o nā ʻōpala pulmonary i hoʻopiha ʻia i nā ʻano ampoule pālua i ʻokiʻoki ʻia, a maʻamau hoʻi i ka limu aileous e waiho ana i loko o ka pūnaehana koko. Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā pā o nā wai o ka wai me nā ʻenehana nui i ulu ʻia, ka hoʻomaha ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka hiki ʻana i ka pūpū o ka pūpū a me ke kiʻi kiʻi ʻana i ka wai kai ma loko o ka cloaca i loko, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai mai ka pūpū. Pēlā, ma muli o nā hāhaka a me nā hoʻomaha ʻana o nā cesspool a me nā ʻōpū wai, hoʻopiha ka wai o ke kai i nā lālā liʻiliʻi o nā hopena hope, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka oxygen i loko o ka wai ma o kā lākou pā palupalu e komo i ka nui o ka lua o ke kino a hoʻolaha a puni ke kino. ʻO nā manawa pinepine, ma o ka wai wai, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mea pono ʻole. E hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia nā pā o ka wai o loko o ka wai o ka wai, a lawe ʻia nā amoebocytes i hoʻopili ʻia me nā huahana kīnāwī. Ma aneane aneane ʻole ka poʻe holothurians, he hapa liʻiliʻi loa ka hermaphrodites ma waena o lākou, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ka hele ʻana o nā holothurians lawless.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ma nā hermaphrodites, hoʻopuka mua nā kelena kūlohelohe i nā kāne huaʻi male - spermatozoa, a laila wahine - nā hua manu, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā huahana kāne a me nā wahine i ulu i nā kelena kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, ʻo Labidoplax buskii (mai ka ʻoka o ka holothurians no leglessur), e noho nei ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke kai o ka moana ʻo Atlantika, i hoʻolei i kahakai o Sweden i ka hāʻule, mai Okakopa a hiki i Dekemaba. I kēlā manawa o ka makahiki, piha nā kelekeke male heraphaphroditic i nā kāne a me nā kāne kelepona kāne, akā hoʻopuka kēlā me kēlā me kēia holothurium i loko o ka wai i ka mua, a ma hope o hoʻokahi lā a i ʻole ʻelua - sperm, a i ʻole hoʻi.
Hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huahana huahana i loko o ka wai ke hiki i nā kikowaena a i nā mahele liʻiliʻi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike nui ʻana i ka holothurians i nā huahana sex i ke ahiahi a i ʻole pō. ʻO ka manaʻo, he mea hoʻomālamalama i ka pouli. ʻOi aku ka pinepine o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pūnāwai a i ke kauwela paha i pili i ka mahana, akā ʻike nā ʻano lāʻau i ʻike ʻia e ʻike ai nā huahana reproduction i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e like me ka laʻa, ma Holothuria tubulosa, ʻike ʻia i ka lā ʻAukake a ʻo Kepakemapa paha. Ka ʻokoʻa nā manawa spawning ʻaʻole wale no nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, akā no ka like i nā ʻano like ʻole, inā he nui kahi ākea.
No laila, he mau kukama moana Cucumaria frondosa, ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka Barene a me Kara Seas, e hoʻohele i loko o kēia mau moana i Iune - Iulai, a mai kahakai ma Great Britain a me Norewai i Pepeluali - Malaki. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā huahana hua i loko o ka wai, kahi e hoʻohua a hua a ulu ai nā hua. Ma hope o ka uhai ʻana, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi larva auricularia manuahi. He nui ka nui o ka auricularia - mai 4 a hiki i 15 mm. Ma kekahi helu o ka holothurians, larvae, ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i ka ʻonaʻelemakule olakino, hele i kahi ʻāpana ʻano hoʻokūkū ʻai - ʻo ka lobolaria, a laila ke kiko hope loa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ka pentactula.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nā holothurians a pau i kēia ʻano. I kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka 30 mau ʻano o nā kapake huaʻai ma ke kai, e mālama ana i ka hua a hānau keiki. Ma ia ʻano ʻano ʻōiwi, kahele ʻia i ka wai anuanu, nalowale ke kahe o nā larva manuahi a hoʻomohala ʻia nā hua ma muli o ka nui o ka huaʻai, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai kūpono i ke kino o ka makuahine. Ma ka hihia maʻalahi, ulu nā hua manu a me nā waiʻai i luna o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, no ka laʻana, ma lalo o ka mālama ʻia o nā papa ʻihi, a i nā ʻihi manu hou paha o ke kua, a i ʻole e hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ʻāpana manuahi. ʻO nā hoʻololi hou aʻe i alakaʻi ʻia ai ka hōʻeha o ka ʻili, nā keʻena brood i loko e kū nei i ka lua o ke kino o ke kino, a me kekahi nui o ka holothurii branchy-tentacular a me ka hala ʻole, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wai ʻōhua i ka wā hope ma hope o ke ana o ka wahine wahine. I kēia mau hihia āpau, hiki ke hoʻākāka maʻalahi ka pilina o nā holothurians, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea maʻamau kēia mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale.
I nā holothurians, ua hoʻākāka ʻia nā hihia kaʻawale o ka hoʻohiwahiwa asexual, i ka wā i māhele ʻia ai ka holoholona i ka hapalua a ʻo kēlā me kēia hapalua e hoihoi i ka nalo. Noho ka poʻe Holothuri, e like me nā echinoderms āpau, kū hoʻokahi wale nō i loko o ke kai, akā hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa ʻē aʻe o kēia pūʻulu holoholona lākou ʻeha ʻole i ka desalination. No laila, ʻo nā echinoderms i ke kai ʻeleʻele nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā holothurians, a ʻo kekahi o nā luna o nā holothurians huina ʻole hiki ke ola a hiki i ka wai paʻakai o nā māla momona. ʻO nā ʻōpū o ke kai he holoholona i lalo, ʻo ka maʻamau ʻo lākou e holo i lalo a me ke kōkua o nā wāwae ambulacral, hale ʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻili o ke kino, ʻaʻole hoʻi i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. Aia nā ʻike maʻa mau maʻa ma luna o ka ʻāina, akā no ka hapa wale nō, a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka holothurians bipedal o nā pelagoturiids (Pelagothuriidae) ola ka ʻohana āpau i ka ʻauʻau i ka wai, ʻoiai inā he hohonu nui loa, he ʻano pelagic maoli. ʻAi nā Holothurians i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā mea kanu a me ka detritus. Ke ulu nei nā holoholona hoʻowahāwahā, aneane lākou e pale ʻole ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a me nā mua. Nui nā kumupaʻa, gregarins e noho ana ma luna o ke kino, i loko o ka wai wai, i loko o nā ʻōpū, i loko o ke ana o ke kino a i loko o nā puʻupuʻu i nā pōkē o ke kai, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka peʻa, ka meaʻai, nā oxygen mai lākou me ka "uku", a me ka huli ʻana o kēia mau lawelawe. Akā ʻaʻole wale nā mea maʻalahi wale nō e hoʻohana i ka holothurium. I kekahi manawa kekahi mau ʻalopona, mollusks, crustaceans, a me nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ke ana o ko lākou kino, ma ka pūpū, ma nā palu polyvascular, ma nā mea ʻē aʻe āpau e hōʻeha nui i ka holoturia. Ua māhele ʻia nā Holothurians i 6 mau pūʻulu.
ʻAlaʻa kai nui
Holoi ka hapalua mika, e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona maʻamau a ʻo ia hoʻi he hale noho paʻa no kekahi mau poʻe liʻiliʻi o ka kai, e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i hiki i ka 800 mau mililililo wai i kēlā me kēia hola. Hoʻopili ke kino o kēia mau holoholona i ka oxygen mai nā mea i koe o nā wai o ke kai a hoʻopaʻa i kāna mau puna me ia.
Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Kauka William Jaeckle o ke Kulanui o Wesleyan o Ilinoi a me Richard Strathmann o Ke Kulanui o Wakinekona e aʻo i kēia mau mea kupanaha me nā kikoʻī.
ʻIke lākou i ka pili o ke kahe koko e pili ana i nā puhaka paʻa i ke kīpē (ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia he rete mirabile) ʻaʻole ʻia ke halihali i ka oxygen i nā ʻāpana. Mai kahi ʻikeʻike ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia ʻano pono no ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻai mai ka anus a i ka ʻawa, a ʻaʻole hoʻi he kūlike, e like me ka mea maʻamau ka holoholona. Ua hoʻoholo nā Zoologists e hoʻāʻo i kā lākou hypothesis.
I mea e hōʻoia ai i ko lākou hypothesis, ua hānai nā mea noiʻi i nā kukama moana nui me nā alikae radioaktif e loaʻa ana nā mea hao. Me ke kōkua o kēia hoʻopunipuni, hiki i ka hui ke ʻimi i ke ala a pau e ʻai ai ka meaʻai i ka echinoderms. Eia kekahi, hōʻiliʻili nā ʻikika radioaktif i kēlā ʻāpana o ke kino kahi e ʻai ai nā holoholona.
Hōʻike nā hopena o ka noi ʻana e hānai nui nā holothurians ma o ka waha.Akā ʻo ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōpio radioactive a me nā hao ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka papa rete mirabile i hōʻike ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka anus ma ke ʻano o ka lua o nā kukuna moana. Ka mea i mālama 'ia i nā anus i kēia mau mea hana i nā mea he nui he nui o nā hana nui: ka hanu, kaona a me ka excretory.
Ua kūʻē nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ke aʻo ʻana i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka mahiʻai o ka moana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka bipolar ʻano o nā meaʻaiʻai. Ma hope mai, manao nā zoologists e aʻo i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka echinoderms.
Ua paʻi ʻia nā hopena o ka noiʻi ʻana ma ka hopena o ka Pōʻī o Invertebrate Biology.
Ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka holothurians, trepang a me ka cucumaria ka waiwai nui loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻO ka Trepang a me ka cucumaria e like me ka hana ʻana o ke kino a me ke ʻano kemala o ka ʻai. Aia ʻo Trepang i nā waiwai ʻakiko (stimulants) no ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kumu kai o ke ola (ginseng) ma nā ʻāina o ka Hikina, a ua ʻōlelo nui ʻia no ka poʻe e ʻeha nei i ka hoʻōho ʻana i ka ikaika kino a hoʻonui i ka momona. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka trepang e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika i ka wahī. E mālama ʻia ana ka lawaiʻa ʻo Trepang i ka pūnāwai a i ka wā lulu ma ka Hikina Honu. ʻOki ʻia nā trepangs i nee ʻia ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana - ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpū a hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻili. Hōʻele ʻia nā trepangs nāʻa a hoʻolapalapa ʻia no nā hola 2-3, a maloʻo ka ʻiʻo, a ma hope o ka ʻano e hoʻomākaukau ʻia ai ka papa ʻaina.
ʻO Skreplyanka me ka trepang i loko o ka ʻuala.
E ʻokiʻoki i nā kukama kuke i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a ka palaoa i ka aila me ka aniani, ka palaoa a me ka ʻōhī. Hoʻohui i nā mea āpau, hoʻokomo i loko o ka pā, e hoʻohui i kahi wai liʻiliʻi a hoʻolapalapa no 10-15 mau minuke ma ka wela wela.
400 g o trepangs, 3/4 kapu o ka aila, 3 ʻoliki, 4-5 punetēpō o ka ʻōmato pā, 2 tbsp. punetē palaoa, 4 tbsp. punetē o ka wai, paʻakai e hoʻāʻo.
Hoʻolaha ʻo Trepangs i nā lau.
E ʻokiʻoki i nā kukama kai a me nā ʻoliki a ʻoki like ʻole, hoʻāwili, hoʻohui i nā mea ʻala a lawelawe i ka wela i ka papaʻaina. E kāpīpī me ke aniani ʻala.
400 g trepangs, 2 mau poʻo o ke kaaka, 1/2 kīwī ʻaila aila, 1 tīpili allspice, 100 g nā kaila ʻona, paʻakai e hoʻāʻo.
Kāleʻa iʻa moana.
Kāwīwī i ka pata i loko o kahi pānaʻi a waiho i nā kukuna o ka moana iʻa ʻia i ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana, hoʻomohala no 3 mau minuke. E hoʻohui i ka waiū, ka paʻakai, ka pepa a lawe i kahi paila. Mālama ʻia i ke kāula ʻulaʻula.
250 g o trepangs, 4 tbsp. punetēna margarine a iʻa aila ʻaila, 1 tbsp. kahi ipo o ka waiū, ʻīwī ʻeleʻele, ʻōpala ʻulaʻula, ka paʻakai e hoʻāʻo.
Trepangi me nā lau ʻai.
E ʻokiʻoki i nā kukama kuke ʻia i nā ʻāpana a me ka palaoa. Kāwili i ka ʻōpala hou, a hoʻōla i nā lau ʻai (nā ʻuala, kāloti, ka zucchini, mau kāmato) a hui pū me nā trepangs, waiho i loko o kahi pālaʻi me ka hoʻomōwili ʻia i ka wela haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka wā e kuke ai ka lau ʻai.
300 g trepang, 1/4 kaita o kaʻaila keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, 3-4 pcs. oʻa, 1-2 kāloti, 1-2 zucchini, 1 aniani o ka aila, 2-3 mau māmato a i 2 tbsp. punetē o ka Tomato kōpaʻa, pepa, nāʻaina, ka paʻakai e hoʻāʻo ai.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Trepang me ka moa.
E hoʻonoho i nā trepangs i hoʻolapalapa ʻia i loko o kahi moku me ka moa aʻa i kā iʻa ai i ka palaoa, ka wā me ka palaoa kuke a me ka hoʻomoʻi ma luna o ka wela a hiki i ka moʻo.
200-300 g o trepangs, 1/2 moa. Na mea ʻala: 1-2 tbsp. punetēpō o kamato puree, 1 tbsp. puna o 3% winika, 2 tbsp. punetē o ka waina (port a i ʻo Madeira), 2-3 tbsp. punetē ʻaila, 1/2 kīʻī iʻa ʻona.
ʻO Trepangi me kahi mea lio.
ʻOki ʻia nā trepangs i ʻokiʻoki. Hoʻomalima ʻia ka winika me ka wai, hoʻohui i ka horseradish kō, paʻakai, ka kō a me ka pua. A laila e ninini i nā kuke i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Mālama ʻia ka moʻa.
Kuke trepangs 70, papa ʻaina 40, ʻoma kūleʻa 10, kōpī 2, paʻakai
Kuhi i ka trepang, e ninini i ka wai kohua. Ma hope o ka 1 minuke, e hoʻoheʻe i ka wai, ʻoki i ka trepang i mau ʻāpana.
Sauce: soy kulu 2 sele., Kahikina 3 mau ʻōpala (kāwili), mayonnaise 1 tbsp. Kāwili ʻia a pau. ʻAno maoli loa.
Hale me trepang.
Kuhi ʻia nā trepangs i ʻokiʻoki, ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā cubes, hoʻokomo i nā pī iʻa, ʻāpī hua ʻia, hoʻohui i ka wai lemon, ka paʻakai. Hoʻohui ʻia nā huahana a pau, a laila ua wae ʻia me ke aniani a i hoʻonani ʻia me ka ʻala a me nā hua.
Hoʻokomo ʻo trepang 80, ʻuala 80, huaʻai 0.5 pcs., Kōlele puaʻa 40, pūliki mayonnaise 40, ka wai lemon, ka paʻakai.
E huli i ke ʻano o ka echinoderm, he holoholona invertebrate. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mau mākeke kai a i ʻole kahi kalula kai. I waena o lākou he mau mea ʻai maikaʻi, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "trepang".
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Holothuria i ka nui o nā holoholona, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1100 mau ʻano, pau ka ʻano like ʻole i nā kauoha 6. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kauoha he ʻano ʻoluʻolu like me nā mea ʻoluʻolu a me nā hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke apo hae. ʻOkoʻa nō ka ʻano o nā ʻōpū kūlohelohe i waena o nā ʻelele o nā kauoha like ʻole.
ʻO 100 mau ʻanoʻano maʻamau wale nō ma Rū. ʻO ka huli ʻana o nā fossils o nā ʻano holothurians e pili ana i ka manawa Silurian (ke kolu o ka manawa o ka Paleozoic, ma hope o ka Ordovician).
Trepang
He ʻono ʻaina maikaʻi ʻo Trepang i kaulana loa i ka kuhi oriental a he mea maoli no nā ʻEulopa. ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā o ka ʻiʻo a me kāna palatability e ʻae i kēia mau invertebrates incalpicuous e lawe i ko lākou wahi kūpono i ka kuke ʻana, akā no ka ʻano hana ʻōhiola, palena ʻole noho ʻole, trepangs ʻaʻole ākea. Ma Lūkia, ua hoʻomaka lākou e huki i kahi noho kupaianaha o ka moana i ka makahiki 19.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO Trepangs kekahi o nā ʻano lau o ke kōkō a i ʻole kūmakai moana - invertebrate echinoderms. I ka huakaʻi, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau tausani o nā holoholona like ʻole, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia ma o ka haola ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kino hou, akā e ʻai ʻia nā trepangs wale nō. ʻO nā Holothurians kahi hoahānau pili kokoke loa o ka ʻnina maʻamau a me nā urchins.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: he ʻano ʻo ka trepang?
I ka hoʻopā, ʻo ka kino o nā trepans he ʻili a paʻakikī, ʻoi pinepine ka paʻakikī. Hoʻopili nā paia o ke kino iā lākou iho me nā pūpū ikaika i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. I kekahi au aʻe he waha ia, ma ke kūlike o ke anus. Hoʻokahi mau hale ʻōlelo hipa e hoʻopuni ana i ka waha ma ke ʻano he corolla e lawelawe ai e hopu ai i ka meaʻai. Hoʻomau ʻia ka wehe ʻana o ka waha e kahi ʻōpū naʻau. Aia nā ʻōpū āpau i loko o ka ʻeke peke. ʻO kēia wale nō nā mea ola e noho ana ma luna o kahi honua i loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu kino, a pau loa lākou i nā maʻi a i nā mikrobes paha.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka trepangs he ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ke kala, akā he ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōuli uliuli hoʻi. Mālama ka ʻili o kēia mau mea i ka hale - hui pū ʻia me ke kala o ka ʻōpū o lalo. Hiki i ka nui o nā kukama kai mai ka cm he 5 cm a 5 mau mika. ʻAʻole lākou i nā ʻāpana sensory kūikawā, a me ka wāwae a me nā tent tent e hana ai i nā ʻāpana kino.
ʻO ka ʻano ka holothurians i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma loko o nā pūʻulu 6, nona kēlā me kēia ona mana:
- 'aʻole i nele i nā wāwae ambulacral, e hōʻike i ka desalination o ka wai a' ike pinepine 'ia ma nā pūpū mangu.
- ka bipedal - ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hele ʻana o nā wāwae ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, makemake lākou i ka hohonu hohonu,
- pahu kiaʻi - loaʻa kahi ʻano kewāwā i ke ʻano o ka spindle, hoʻohui ʻia me ke ola ma ka lepo,
- ʻo nā ʻānahi trepans ka hui maʻamau,
- Kapena-thyold - he mau ʻāpana pōkole i hū ʻole ʻia ka holoholona i loko o ke kino,
- dactylochirotides - trepangs, loaʻa mai ka 8 a 30 hoʻi mau kūkulu ʻola.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻūhā moana e hāhā ana ma waena o ka ʻona. Ma o ia mea, huki lākou i ka wai i loko o ko lākou kino, kahi e puka ai i ka oxygen.
Aia i hea ʻo trepang?
Kiʻi ʻO: Sea Trepang
Noho ʻo Trepangs i nā wai kai o ke kahakai ma kahi hohonu o 2 a 50 mika. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano kukala o ka moana, ʻaʻole i make hohonu i lalo, e hoʻolilo ana i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka wai wai. ʻO ka pālahalaha nui o nā holoholona, nā helu, hiki i kēia mau holoholona i ke kahakai o nā wahi mahana o ke kai, kahi i nui ai nā pua nui me ka biomass a hiki i 2-4 kilograms ma kahi mita square pā.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Trepangs i ka neʻe ʻana i ka lepo, makemake i nā pale ke pale ʻia mai nā ʻino me nā aniani, ka mea paʻa i nā pōhaku, a hiki ke loaʻa kokoke kokoke i nā wahi kuʻuna, i waena o nā lau seawe. Habitat: Iapana, Kina, Seas wai, ke kapakai o Iapana kahi kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kunashir a me Sakhalin.
He nui ka trepangs e nānā pono ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka paʻakai o ka wai, akā hiki ke kūpaʻa i nā ʻōhū o nā kiʻekiʻe mai nā hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole i ka 28 degere me kahi hoʻohui. Inā ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pākeke, a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki, e ola ia. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea i kū i ka nele o ka oxygen.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: inā ʻoe e kau i ka trepang i ka wai hou, a laila e kiola aku ia i kona mau ihu a make ia. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o ka trepangs i kēia ke ʻano o ka pōʻino, a ʻo ka wai me kā lākou e hoʻolei ai i ko lākou mau kino o ka mea ʻawaʻawa i ka nui o ke kai kai.
E ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka trepang o ke kai a me ka mea e pono ai. E nānā i kā kāna mea e ʻai ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi: Far Eastern trepang
He holoholona lawehala ʻo Trepang, ʻoi ka mea makemake i ka moana ma waena o ke algae a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻonoho paha. Noho ʻo ia i loko o nā holoholona he nui wale nō, akā lele wale ʻo ia ma ka honua wale nō. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻoneʻe ka trepang e like me ka nāhele pua - e huki i nā wāwae hind a hoʻopaʻa mau iā lākou i ka lepo, a laila, ʻuwī wale i nā ʻūhā o waena a i mua i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino, e hoʻolei iā lākou i mua. Ke neʻe mālie nei ka ginseng o ke kai - ma kahi hana hoʻokahi e lanakila ana ka lōʻihi o kahi o 5 mau kenimita.
Ke hānai nei i nā pūpake plankton, ʻāpana o nā lau make, a me nā microorganisms e pili ana i luna o lākou, ʻo trepang ka mea ikaika loa i ka pō, i ke ahiahi. Me ka loli o ka wā, ua loli hoʻi ka hana kaiʻai. I ke kauwela, i ka hoʻomaka mua o kēia mau wā, ʻaʻole pono ka holoholona i ka meaʻai, a i ka pūnāwai ua loaʻa ko lākou mea ʻono nui loa. I ka hoʻoilo, ua moe nā ʻano o nā kukama iʻa ma ke kahakai o Iapana. Hiki i kēia mau mea moana ke hana i ko lākou kino a kino loa i like me nā ʻeleʻī, aneane ka wai. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki i nā kōkela ke kai a piʻi hiki a komo i ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea i loko o nā pōhaku.
Ka mea hoʻohanohano: hiki i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he karapus ka hūnā i loko o nā trepangs ʻaʻole lākou e ʻimi i ka ʻai, akā ua komo ʻia ka lua o kahi e kū ai ka trepangs, ʻo ia hoʻi ma loko o ka cloaca a i ʻole anus.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Photo: Seaside Trepang
Hiki i nā ʻo Trepangs ke ola a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, a ʻo ka wā ʻōpiopio i loko o lākou e hoʻopau ʻia e pili ana i 4-5 mau makahiki.
Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻano hou i ʻelua ala:
- moepolohe i nā moepolohe
- e like me ka mea e ʻike ʻia ai ka holothuria, e like me ka mea kanu, i ʻāpana i ia kanaka.
I ke kūlohelohe, ʻike pinepine ka hana mua. Hoʻokele ʻo Trepangs i kahi wai o ka wai ma waena o 21-23 kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka manawa kēia ka manawa mai waena o Iulai-i ka lā hope o ʻAukake. Ma mua o kēia, e kū pono ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana - kū ka wahine a me ke kāne kū i luna i kū i kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻopili ana i ka hope o ke kino i ka papakū a i ʻole nā pōhaku, a i ka manawa like ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā caviar a me ka seminal ma waena o nā hamama genital e kokoke kokoke ana i ka waha. Hoʻokomo hoʻokahi wahine i nā hua he 70 miliona ma ka manawa. Ma hope o ke kolo ʻana, piʻi ka poʻe i komo i ka pā, kahi i waiho ai lākou a loaʻa i ka ikaika a hiki i ʻOkakopa.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, puka mai nā huaʻili mai nā hua kanu, a hala i ʻekolu mau hanana i kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana: diplopleur, auricularia a me ka lobar. I ka mahina mua o ko lākou ola, loli mau nā larva, e ʻai ana i nā algae unicellular. I loko o kēia manawa, helu nui ka poʻe o lākou i make. E huli i loko o kahi pānaʻi, e hoʻopili nā larva o kahi pauna i ka ʻōpala o ke anfelia, kahi e ola ai ka pīpī a ulu.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o trepangs
Kiʻi ʻO: Sea Trepang
ʻO ka ʻānō ʻaʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o Trepangs, no ke kumu hoʻāi ʻia nā kiko o kona kino me ka nui o nā mea he nui ke koʻikoʻi loa i nā kānaka, he mea make loa ia i ka hapanui o nā wahi kai. ʻO Starfish wale nō ka mea hana e hiki ke hauʻoli i ka trepang me ka hana ʻole ʻole i kona kino. I kekahi manawa a lilo kekahi kukama kai i mea e hopohopo ai nā crustaceans a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka gastropod, akā hana pinepine ʻia kēia, e like me ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo e pale.
Hōʻuluʻulu koke ka trepang weliweli ma ka pōpō, a me ka pale ʻana iā ia iho me nā spicules, e like me ka hedgehog maʻamau. Ma ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi, hoʻolei ʻia ka holoholona i ka ʻōpū a me ka wai o loko o ka ʻōpū a hoʻoweliweli i ka poʻe hōʻeuʻeu. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, hoʻihoʻi maikaʻi nā mea ola. ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā trepangs i hiki ke palekana maluhia i kahi kanaka.
Ma muli o ka ʻiʻo o ka ʻiʻo o ka trepang ua loaʻa i ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa, waiwai nui i ka momona momona, he hale paʻa maoli ia o nā mea waiwai e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka, ua lawe ʻia mai loko mai o ke kai i loko o ka nui nui. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma Kina, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā lāʻau he nui no nā maʻi like ʻole, a hoʻohana ʻia i ka cosmetology as aphrodisiac. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke ʻano maloʻo, ʻānai ʻia, kēne.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ke kiʻi: he ʻano ʻo ka trepang?
I nā makahiki he mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻeha nui ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻano ʻo trepang a ua ʻoi loa hoʻi i ka wā i pau ʻole ai. Ua paʻa mau ke kūlana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Mālama ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā kukama kai ma ka Peka Hema, akā ʻaʻole e pau kēia mau mea kolohe Kina, ka mea palaki i ka palena, komo i ka wai o Rūsia no kēia holoholona waiwai. Nui ka hana kūleʻa ʻana i nā pono o Far Eastern trepangs. Ma nā wai Kina, kokoke pau ko lākou luku ʻana.
Ua aʻo ka poʻe Kino e ulu i nā kukama moana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mahiʻai āpau o trepangs, akā i kā lākou ʻano ʻano i kā lākou ʻai i ka nui o nā mea i hopu ʻia i ka nohona kūlohelohe. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ka hū a me ka hiki ke kūpono o kēia mau holoholona, aia ma ka hope o ka pauahi no ka mea like ʻole i nā ʻoluʻolu o ke kanaka.
I ka home, ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohua i nā kukama kai i pinepine a hoʻopau ʻia. He mea nui loa ka nui o kēia wahi no kēia mau mea. No ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho ma o ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi wai me nā meaʻala i loko o ka wai, e lūlū lākou a hōʻalo iā lākou iho i loko o kahi pākana liʻiliʻi me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka kānana wai.
He kiaʻi ʻo Trepang
Kuhi kiʻi: Trepang mai ka Puke ʻaha
Aia i ʻonekahi mau makahiki i ʻo Trepangs i loko o ka Puke Red Russia. Hōʻaʻa ʻia ka hopu ʻana o ka wai ʻaʻo Far East mai Mei a hiki i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. Aia ka hakakā koʻikoʻi e kū me ka poaching a me ka ʻoihana kalepa e pili ana i ke kūʻai aku a trepang. I kēia lā, ʻōpiopio ka mea i kahi koho genomic. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hana hou o kēia mau holoholona kūlohelohe i ko lākou kūlohelohe maoli, ua kūkulu ʻia nā papahana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ko lākou poʻe kānaka ma ka Far East Nature Reserve, a hāhū hua mai nei lākou i nā hualoaʻa, no ka laʻana ʻo Peter the Great Bay, ua lilo hou a trepang i nā ʻano maʻamau i noho i loko o kēlā mau wai.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mana Soviet mai ka makahiki 20 mai o ka hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia nā lawaiʻa o trepangs e nā hui aupuni wale nō. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku me ka ʻaha nui na lākou. No nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka nui o nā kukama i kai a i ka makahiki 1978, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka papa lawe ʻia i kā lākou hopu.
No ka hoʻouluʻana i ka lehulehu i ka pilikia o ka nalowale ʻana o nā trepang kūʻokoʻa ma muli o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻana, ua paʻi ʻia ka puke "Trepang - Treasure of the Far East" i hana ʻia e nā pūʻali o ka Far Eastern Research Center.
ʻO Trepang, ʻo waho ʻo ia kahi mea maikaʻi o ke kai, he hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo ia i kahi mea liʻiliʻi me ka manaʻo nui. He mea nui kēia holoholona holoholona kūikawā i ke kanaka, nā kai o ka honua, no laila he mea pono ke hana i nā hana a pau e mālama i kēia ʻano he ʻano no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Hoʻaiho
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i ka holoturia a i ʻole ka trepang ma ka ʻAlona Hikina, inā paha ma ka ʻĀina, Ke kai o Okhotsk, Iapana a me ke kai ʻo East China.
Noho ka nui o nā kukama kai ma kahi kokoke i Sakhalin, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Iapana, ma ke kahakai ʻo Kunashir a me Korea, ka moku ʻo Kyushu, i ka Kaiwa ʻo Peter the Great, Kagoshima a me nā Kuril Islands.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e koho i ka trepang, he ʻoluʻolu a ʻaʻole hohonu ka wahi, makemake nui e hūnā ma nā māla nui o ke kai ma lalo o ka uhi ʻana i nā mea manu a i ʻole ma ka papa o ka silt.
I ke ahiahi, kū ʻo ia i ka wai o ka wai. A ʻo ka pihi ponoʻī kahi punahele o kona wahi noho.
I nā lā wela, ua pohō ia i ka hohonu o ka kiʻekiʻe he 150 mika - makemake ʻia e ʻā ʻia i ka lā.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo Trepang i nā iʻa, nā manu, nā ʻāpana, nā momi. Akā he mau ʻenemi kāna - he kanaka a he kanaka kaulana paha kēia
Kāne
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Trepang me he koʻi nui. ʻO Flattened mai nā ʻaoʻao, ua ulu a 40 cm ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma ke ʻano he ʻelua mau ʻāpana.
- Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao kahi ʻūhā a me nā pahu ukali kokoke loa (20 mau ʻāpana), a me nā ʻūhā e piʻi ai i ka pohō a me ka papale luna o ka makehe e hoʻouna ai nā microorganism i loko o ka wai i loko o ka waha.
- ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua kahi puka kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā anus.
Ma loko o ka trepang, ua hoʻopili kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i nā ʻāpana.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hoʻemi ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻokoʻa nā kino a me nā ʻāpana o ka kino i ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka holothuria nalowale i ka wā o ka wā, waiho wale nō ka mea nui loa.
Ma ke kua o ka trepang i loaʻa ai nā ulu conical - papillomas a i ʻole nā papillomas e loaʻa ana i ʻehā mau lālani. Papelon color brown a keʻokeʻo paha
ʻAʻohe! Inā pili ʻole ʻia ka trepang a ʻoki liʻiliʻi paha i ʻāpana ʻekolu, a laila lilo ka ʻāpana nui i ke kūʻokoʻa a holo lele ʻole. E kūleʻa ana ka waenakonu a lilo i mea ola hoʻokahi wale nō, akā mamao wale nō.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo Trepang i nā poʻe aquatic e like me axolotls a me nā guppies, nā manu, nā arthropod, nā mammals e like me nā whale sperm.
Akā he mau ʻenemi kāna - he kanaka a he kanaka kaulana paha kēia.
ʻAʻohe! Hoʻākoakoa a makaʻu ʻole paha ʻo trepang i ka pōpō e like me ka hedgehog, pale iā ia iho me nā spicules - nā kīpē.
Ma hope o ka trepang kahi maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻōpū ʻōpū. Ma ka ʻōpū ma kahi o kahi waha e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻāpana ke kala a ʻulaʻula a ʻoliva paha. Ma muli ka hope, ʻōmaʻomaʻoʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, i kekahi manawa he ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili ka ʻili i ka pā, na ka elasticity i hāʻawi ʻia e ia ma ke ʻano o hoʻokahi mea kūwawa - ka ʻāpana tubular
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui
Ma ke kua o ka trepang i loaʻa ai nā ulu conical - papillomas a i ʻole nā papillomas e loaʻa ana i ʻehā mau lālani. ʻEleʻele a keʻokeʻo paha ke kala o ke ʻano papillas.
Ma ka ʻōpū o nā wāwae ambulacral, me ke kōkua o ke trepang e holo malie ana ma lalo.
Mai nā ʻenemi trepang e pale aku i nā spicules - kūloko ʻenehana kūloko.
ʻAʻohe! ʻO ka neʻe o ka holothuria ma ka lalo e like me ka neʻe o kahi uka. Hoʻākoakoa ʻo Trepang i loko o kahi alaka, hoʻoneʻe i kona mau keʻena, pili i lalo a i ʻole lau lau algae me ke kua. Hoʻopili ka ʻaoʻao mua a loaʻa ke kōkua, a laila huki ke kua.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoukou ke kāhea i ka poʻe lawaiʻa ʻai. Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i ka wai ma nā hala, e hāwele nei lākou i nā microorganisms, nā ʻāpana o nā algae, nā cell plankton a hoʻopau iā lākou i meaʻai
ʻĀina
ʻO nā mea hōʻola o nā trepangs i ʻike ʻia i ka kenekulia 16.
A laila hoʻopau lākou i nā emperors i mea e hoʻonui i ko lākou ola a hoʻonui i ko lākou olakino.
Ua kapa ʻia lākou he "ginseng moana" no kā lākou ʻano waiwai nui.
ʻO lākou ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ke kino:
- vitamina a me nā momona,
- ka pōpilikia a me ka yodine,
- konekele a me ke keleawe
- thiamine a me nā riboflavin,
- hao a me ke kaleki
- protein a me ka manganese,
- nā momona momona a me nā phosphatides.
ʻO ia ʻano waiwai e hiki ke kaena ʻo ka trepang. He aha e mālama ʻia no lākou? Nui nā maʻi:
- maʻi hānai,
- gastritis, pancreatitis,
- nā maʻi endocrinological
- constipation
- mastopathy a me nā fibroids uterine,
- palaka'ōkele,
- nā ʻeha
- ararā,
- ʻO nā maʻi a me nā maʻi
- prostatitis,
- helminthiasis a me kekahi mau maʻi o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
Me he lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kahi ʻāpana o trepangs i hoʻopihapiha me ka meli. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, mahalo ʻia no kona hopena anti-kahiko a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa koke i nā hōʻeha a me nā lāʻau.
ʻAʻohe! ʻO Trepang, e like me kekahi reptile lawaiʻa, he aphrodisiac ikaika, a no laila ke kāohi nei me nā maʻi noʻonoʻo.
Kūkulu ʻia ka ʻenekia Asia me nā mea kanu a me nā aniani, ʻono ʻono me nā mea ʻala, hoʻomoʻa a ʻohi lākou.
ʻAʻole e like me nā mollusks, pono ke kuke ʻia nā holothurians e like me ka mea hiki. Mai kēia mea e lilo i mea palupalu a me ka palupalu.
Me he lāʻau lapaʻau, nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau e hana i kahi ʻāpana o trepangs i hoʻopihapiha me ka meli.
Hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, mahalo ʻia no kona hopena anti-kahiko a me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa koke i nā hōʻeha a me nā lāʻau.
ʻAʻole pono e ʻai ʻia ʻo Trepangs e nā keiki ma lalo o 15 makahiki mau makahiki hāpai a hapai a lactate, nā poʻe me ke koko haʻahaʻa.
Trepang: kahi mea liʻiliʻi i mea nui
Loaʻa nā poʻe noho o nā ʻāina hikina i ke kai he analogue o ka ginseng lepo - ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Farauh trepang. ʻO ginseng kai ma muli o kāna mau waiwai e mahalo nui ʻia e nā kauka a me nā loea culinary.
ʻO Trepang (holothuria) kahi holoholona invertebrate ma waena o ka papa o ka echinoderms. E holo ana kēia wahi mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kahakai o Kuril ʻAilana a me nā wai o ke Sakhalin hema a hiki i ka Central Central o ka Repubalika o China (Hong Kong). Makemake ka Holothurians i nā pale pale i pale ʻia me nā pulu silt a me nā mea hoʻokomo. Kāhea ka poʻe kānaka i kēia mau holoholona he “kukala moana” a i ʻole “pulupulu hua manu,” mai ka wā e wāhue ana lākou i ka wā e huhū ana, e lilo ana i ka pōpō "pimpled".
He hale mālama hale ʻo Trepang i kahi nui o nā mea i nui ai ka protein, nā waikawa organik a me nā paʻakai wai. Ma muli o ka hui like ʻole o nā mea kanu, loaʻa ka hua i ka tonic, immuno-hoʻoikaika a me ka hopena bactericidal ma ke kino. Ma kahi o nā waiwai farmacological waiwai, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻiʻo holothuria e ka ʻawa piquant kūikawā (hoʻomanaʻo i kahi kohu paʻa me kahi kohu moana i haʻi ʻia). ʻO ia nā hiʻohiʻona olakino e wehe ai i kēia maʻa i kahi nui o nā kai kai.
Ke hoʻonohonoho o nā trepang
He noho kū hoʻokahi ʻo Trepang o ka honua ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me ke kukuna pua ʻono nui. He ʻōpū oval o elongated ka holothuria, ma ka ʻaoʻao ventral kahi e kū ai kona waha me nā wāwae ambulacral (tent tent). Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia kaʻina hana, hopu nā holoholona a wili i ka hoʻohuihui nutrate (mai ka lepo). Hoʻololi ʻia ka nui o nā hale hoʻāno ma ka trepang mai 10 a 30 mau ʻāpana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻili o ka mollusk me ka nui o nā mea kūmole (spicules). Eia kekahi, ma kona kahua dorsal i loaʻa nā kūmole conical palalulu me nā "spaces" keʻokeʻo.
Kahi 'ia ke kala o ka "pulupulu hua manu" mai ke aniani hina a hiki i ke aniani ʻulaʻula (me ka ʻano o ka hale a me nā ʻano holoholona). No laila, ma ka "silty ground" aia nā ʻano "he'ōmaʻomaʻo" o ka trepangs, ma ka pohakū a i ʻole ka palena - "ʻulaʻula", a ma ke one (ke kai) - "uliuli" (albinos).
Nā ʻāpana kūleʻa o ke ola kai: ākea - 3-4 cm, ka lōʻihi - 13-15 cm, ke kaupaona - 0.7-0.8 kg. Me kēia, ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe kekahi mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (0,5 cm ka nui) a me nā ʻelele nui o ka ʻohana echinoderm (ʻoi aku 50 cm ka lōʻihi). ʻO ka nui o nā trepang liʻiliʻi he 0.02-0.03 kg, a nui - 1,5-3 kg.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka holothurians ko lākou hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou. Inā ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōpala kai i ʻekolu ʻāpana a hoʻolei i ka wai, e lilo ka hapa o ke kino (nā wāwae, ka pono, ka hale ʻulaʻula, nā ʻāpana kino) i ka manawa. I kēia hihia, hoʻololi ʻia kēlā me kēia māhele o ka holoholona i kahi mea ola hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ka wā hōʻemi he 3 a 7 mau mahina. Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā trepangs i kahi waiwai kupaianaha e hoʻololi i ka elasticity o nā paia o ke kino.
No laila, inā he hoʻoweliweli i ka ola (mai nā mea kaihewa), lilo nā kino i kino, a inā pono, e pale ma nā wahi paʻakikī a hiki ke piʻi aʻe - nā aʻe.
Hoʻohana huahana
Ua ʻike ʻia ka pono nā maʻi kūlohelohe o ka trepang iā ia mai nā manawa he nui mau. Eia naʻe, ʻike ka ʻike i kāna waiwai lapaʻau o ka huahana i ka hope o ka 16 mau kenekulia (mai ka moʻomeheu o Kina kahiko). Hoʻohana ka poʻe hoʻōla o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka ʻikepili mai ka mollusk i mea hoʻoikaika ikaika a me ka tonic. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana nā aliʻi aliʻi o Kina i ka infpang infpang e hoʻolōʻihi me ka elixir (e hoʻolōʻihi i ke aliʻi). ʻO ka mea mahalo, i nā wā kahiko, ua hana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā kumu hoʻōla o ke ola.
I kēia manawa, hōʻoia ka lāʻau lapaʻau o trepang e nā haumāna hoʻokolohua a me nā loiloi. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā koina holoholona he nui aku o 200 mau mea kanu, hoʻohui ʻia nā bioactive a me nā mea paʻakikī. ʻO ka hopena nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻoulu, oncological, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulating, hematopoietic, hypotensive. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino o ke kino, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kīʻaha paʻa i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a me nā potions i kūkulu ʻia ma ka home.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lāʻau tincture (me ka meli):
- E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi pahu hou o ka ʻili a me ka viscera. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka mollusk maloʻo, ua ʻauhau mua i ka wai anuanu no nā hola 10-12.
- ʻOkiʻoki i ka ʻiʻo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi mīkāʻai.
- E kau i nā mea hiolo i wili ʻia i loko o ka ipu aniani a i ʻole ka mea hao.
- E ninini i ka ʻai me ka meli kūlohelohe (no laila e uhi ʻia ka fillet), hui pū me ka hoʻopili piha.
- E hoʻoulu i kahi wahiʻeleʻele, maloʻo kahi no 1-1,5 mahina.
ʻO kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono i mākaukau i kahi kala saturated ʻeleʻele a me kahi kikoo (heterogeneous).
Pehea e lawe ai i ke tincture o trepangs?
No nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻopau i ka hui ʻana 15 ml ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā 20 mau minuke ma mua o ka papaʻaina. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mālamaʻana i ka mahina 1 mahina. ʻEkolu mau pule ma hope aʻe, e hoʻomau hou ka lāʻau (inā pono).
No nā kumu pale, hoʻohana ka mea hoʻohui i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kau anuanu a i ka pūnāwai e hoʻoikaika ai i ka pale kino (5 ml ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā). Eia nō naʻe, i ka pule mua o ka maʻi, ʻaʻole ka nui o ka lawelawe hoʻokahi e ʻoi aku 15 mau pulu (ma muli o ka hopena hoʻoulu ikaika.) Eia kekahi, ʻoiai e lawe ana i ka ʻikepili mai ka trepang, he mea nui e kāohi i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. Inā pono, e hoʻopau i ka mea i kahi pōkole i ka pō (e hōʻoluʻolu i ka pīhoihoi).
Nā hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā infusions trepang (i kau ʻia ma ka papa hoʻokipa):
- hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana pale, hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana o ke kino i nā māno pathogenic,
- kaomi ʻana i ka pī koko
- hoʻoikaika i ka lipid a me ka cholesterol metabolism,
- hoonui aeia ike,
- hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o nā papa i hoʻopau ʻia o ka dermis (me ka pūpū o ka iwi),
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kō
- hoʻoikaika i ke kāne,
- hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana thyroid,
- hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika,
- Hoʻopuka i ka kaila o nā carcinogens mai ke kino,
- hōʻemi i ka nui o nā hana ʻoi aku (ma ke kaupaona ʻana),
- hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hope psycho-emotional,
- i ka hopena antibacterial,
- hoʻonui i ka pale antitumor o ke kino, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu o nā tumors.
Me ka mālama waha, kahi ʻāpana mai ka trepang i hoʻokaʻawale ai i ka ʻāpana o waho o ke kino. ʻIke ʻia, no ka mālama ʻana i nā palahalaha o ka ʻili, holoi ʻia ʻo ka lua o ka waha (ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ke dental), ka ʻū ʻana o ka ihu, ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o nā paia o ka pūpū (me myoma).
E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana mai ka trepang no ka hyperthyroidism a me nā mea pālolo no ka bee a me nā huahana moana.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka leʻaleʻa?
He nui nā Trepangs no nā ʻano kuke: ʻai, palaoa, kākala, kāwili, ʻili a me ka ʻili. ʻO ka manamana kino o ka holoholona, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka ʻili a me ka viscera, i lilo i meaʻai. Ma ke kumu o ke kōkula kai, hoʻomākaukau lākou i nā ʻaʻa kūʻokoʻa (anu a me ka wela), a me ka ʻāpana hui like ʻole, nā waele, nā lole a me nā papa mua. Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka ʻiʻo Trepang me nā mea āpau āpau, nā pālū wela, nā aniani, ka ʻōmato tomato, nā mea kanu.
E kūʻai ʻo Holothuria i ka nui ma ke ʻano maloʻo a maloʻo paha. E noʻonoʻo pehea e kuke ai i ka ʻōpala.
- Hoʻopili i nā kalaiwa ma lalo o ka wai holo (no ka holoi ʻana i ka pauka ulaula).
- E hoʻomoʻa i ka ʻai i ka wai o ka wai no 24 mau hola. I ka manawa like, e hoʻololi i ka wai i kēlā me kēia hola 3-4.
- E hoʻolapalapa i nā kalekō, e ninini i ka wai hou, e kau i ka pahu.
- Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōwili pipi no 60 kekona ma ka wela haʻahaʻa, a laila e hoʻohemo ai i ka wela, e hoʻihoʻi i ka mea momona (no 20 mau hola).
- Hoʻoheʻe kūmole wai. Kālā kāwili i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻoi.
- E holoi i ka huahana ʻoki me ka wai anuanu a laila kele hou i 60 mau kekona i ka wela wela.
- E hoʻomau i ka trepang ma ke kahe wai mua no 20 mau hola (mau pinepine).
Inā ma hope o ke alualu ʻana i kahi lā ʻelua lālau ka ʻai (me ke ʻano he iodine maikaʻi ʻole), ua hana hou ʻia ke kaʻina kuke (no nā lā 3-7). Ma hope o ka palu ʻana, hoʻoili ʻia ka huahana no 3 mau minuke i loko o ka wai paʻakai. ʻO ka holo ʻana o ka hōʻolima ʻana i ka trepangs maloʻo mai 2 a 7 mau lā (i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka honi).
Ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā kalai ʻaila, ua nahu ʻia ma luna o ka pahu o ka pahu ai a i loko o ka wai mahana (i kahi mahana o 10-15 degere). A laila ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā mea maka a holoi ʻia ma lalo o ka wai kahe. Ma hope o kēlā, e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka huahana i kekahi mau loli loli (3-6 mau manawa). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kēia kaʻina a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka waiā e pani i ka eleele (ma muli o nā ʻike iodine kiʻekiʻe). ʻAʻole pono nā manawa o kēlā me kēia mālama i ka 5-8 mau minuke. Ma hope o ka kuke ʻana, holoi ʻia ka ʻiʻo ma lalo o ka wai anuanu (a hiki i ka hoʻomaloʻo piha), a laila waiho ʻia i loko o ka friji. I ka manawa like, nānā lākou i ka maʻemaʻe o nā kīʻaha, ʻoiai e pili ana i ka launa me nā momona, huʻi koke ka huahana.
ʻO ka wā mālama o trepangs i kahi mahana o 0 a + 5 mau degere ʻo 3-4 lā. No ka hoʻonui i ka ola o ka noho (a hiki i 2 mau mahina), ua waiho ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ka pahu manuahi.
Mākaukau nā holothurians i pau ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e mālama i ka wela wela.
ʻO ka mahalo, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka huahana a ʻokiʻoki i ke ʻano he ʻoliva a me nā ʻalā.
Hoʻomoʻa a me nā kukama kai
- trepangs - 100 kalama,
- pīpī (lentil) - 30 kalama,
- kāloti - 15 kalama,
- pāhala ʻala - 20 grama,
- ka puaʻa (momona) - 20 gram,
- kahala - 20 kāla.
- E hoʻolapalapa ʻia ʻo ka wīwī i loko o nā wai o ka wai.
- Kāleʻa iʻa waʻai, kāloti a me nā aʻa maʻa (ma ka momona).
- E hoʻolapalapa i ka pī a hiki i ka hapalua kuke (20-30 mau minuke).
- E hoʻohui i ka pīpī iʻaila, nā mea kanu, hoʻopau no ka waiū.
Mālama i ka puhī kīkē me nā waiū malala a i ʻole ʻo ka mea ʻala ʻono.
Trepang i nā lau me nā lau ʻai
- kukama moana - 300 gram,
- kaila ʻaila - 45 millilger,
- kāpeti keʻokeʻo - 400 kalama,
- kaloti - 200 kalama,
- zucchini - 200 kalama,
- uala - 300 kalala,
- kamato - 200 kalama,
- mayonnaise - 150 millilers,
- kāīhi - 150 kalama.
- E hoʻolapalapa i nā kukama kai i ʻekolu kahakaha wai (ma hope o ka hoʻoinu ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā).
- Hoʻopili i ka trepangs i ka lauʻaila (no nā minuke 5).
- Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu. E ʻokiʻoki i ka kāpeti ma nā pahu pepeiao, ʻuala - "mauʻu", kāloti a me ka zucchini - cubes. Hoʻokaʻa i nā tōmato.
- Hōʻalo i ka meaʻaila i kau ʻia ma luna o kahi wela wela (5 mau minuke).
- Hoʻohui i ka kāpeti, kāloti, zucchini a me nā ʻuala me ka trepangs, hoʻohui i ka paʻakai a me nā kau.
- E kau i ka moena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma kahi papa palaoa.E ninini i loko o ka mīmaki kō.
- E hoʻomoʻa i ka pāʻai i ka umu no 20 mau minuke (i ke mahana o 180 mauʻu).
- E kāpīpī i ka kīʻaha i hana ʻole ʻia me ke kāwele, ke kāwele me ka mayonnaise, (10 mau minuke ma mua o ka kuke ʻana).
E lawelawe i ka palaoa me ka wai pākoki a me nā ʻōpala pickled.
Hoʻohālikelike
ʻO Trepang ka waiwai nui o ka echinoderm mollusk e noho nei i nā kahakai kahakai o ka Kepani, ʻĀpana a me East Hikina. ʻO nā kōpala o kēia holoholona he nui ka nui o nā mea bioactive: nā kāpena protein, nā saponins triterpene, nā minelala, nā huaora, nā waikawa organik. Ma muli o ka hui like ʻole o nā mea kanu, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo trepang e hoʻolohi i ka hele ʻana o ke ʻano kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, hōʻemi o ka huhū, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka ʻili, a hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika. Me kēia, hāʻawi ka ʻai kai i ke kākoʻo nui loa i ka gland thyroid, ka ʻuhane, ka huina huina, a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena therapeutic i haʻi ʻia mai kahi mollusk hou, ua mākaukau a hoʻonaninaku a i ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā tinctures mākaukau).
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau e pili ana i ka trepang e hoʻohana me ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka pale ʻana, ka hemahema o ka huaora, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka maʻi ʻeha a me nā maʻi ʻeha, nā ʻōpū purulent, rheumatoid arthritis, impotence, mastopathy. Ma kahi o ka ho'ōla a me ka hoʻōla, nā ʻai "hua" i ka ʻono o ka iʻa iʻa ʻia. I ka nānāʻana o kēia, ua hana pinepine ʻia ia i ka kuke ʻana (ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻāina o Asia Hikina). He kūpono i nā ʻanoʻai a pau o ka meaʻai: ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka kuke ʻana, ka uhi ʻana, ka paʻakai, ka mālama ʻana a me ka pickling. ʻO ka Lupa, hodgepodge, nā ʻaoʻao kai, nā mai, ka hoʻopiha pie, nā sauces, nā marinades ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka mollusk echinoderm. Pono ka huahana i mua o ka mālama ʻana: hoʻolāʻau no kahi lā i ka wai anuanu, e hoʻolapalapa i nā hoʻololi o ka wai (me ka noho ʻana he 12 mau hola). Store i loko o ka friji (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau lā) a i ʻole ma ka pahu manuahi (1.5-2 mahina).
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka holothuria
Hōʻike ola Holothurian - ka hana ʻole. ʻAʻohe wikiwiki lākou, a me ka pīhoihoi lohi ma mua o nā lau. Neʻe lākou i waena o ke kai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lawehala, no ka mea ma laila ko lākou mau wāwae.
Pahuana holothuria ginseng moana
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ke ala like ʻole o ke kaʻa holo ʻana ma luna kiʻi holothuria. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hele ʻana o kēia mau hele wāwae, ua hopu lākou i nā mea ʻoluʻolu polū o lalo mai lalo.
ʻIke lākou i ka hohonu nui. No laila kahi hohonu o 8 km, manaʻo ke kime moana kai ʻo ia ʻo ia ka mea piha piha hoʻopuni ʻana, ʻaʻole weliweli ia. Hāpai lākou iā 90% o nā poʻe noho lalo i nā hohonu hohonu.
Akā ʻo kēia mau mea "ʻāpana haʻahaʻa" i kā lākou ʻenemi. Pono ʻo Holoturia e pale iā lākou iho mai ka iʻa, ka ʻula, nā ʻōpū a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka mollusks. No ka pale, hoʻohana nā kukama i ka "mea kaua kūikawā." I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, hiki iā lākou ke paʻi a hoʻolei i kā lākou kino i loko o ka wai.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo kēia nā ʻāpana a me nā moʻokui. No laila, nalowale ka ʻenemi a ʻai ʻia paha kēia "lūlū waiho pōloli," me he alo o ka pauna i pakele mai ke kahua kaua. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau i pau o ke kino i nā hola 1,5-5 mau a ke hoʻomau nei ka holothuria e like me ka wā ma mua.
E pale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano me kahi ala ʻē. I ka wā e hoʻopau ai ka ʻenemi i ka ʻenemi, hana lākou i nā enzyme toxic, kahi e make ai ka nui o nā iʻa.
No ka poʻe, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kēia mau mea, ka mea nui ʻaʻole ia e komo i nā maka. Ua hoʻoponopono ka poʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mea no ko lākou pono iho: no ka lawaiʻa a ʻalakewa ʻia i nā ʻaka.
Eia kekahi i nā ʻenemi, he mau hoa a ka ginseng kai. Ma kahi o 27 mau ʻano iʻa o ka ʻohana Carapus hoʻohana i ka holothurians ma ka home. Noho lākou i loko o kēia mau holoholona ʻano like ʻole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou i keʻena ma kahi e hopohopo ai.
ʻO kekahi manawa e ʻai ana kēia "iʻa iʻa" ka hua a me ka hanu o ka holothurians, akā no ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, ʻaʻole kēia i hana ʻino i ka "mea nona".
Hōʻike holoturia ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo wale nā mea noho ma lalo o ke kai, akā ʻo nā kānaka pū kekahi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Trepangs no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻahaʻaina, a ma nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻohe lākou, akā, maikaʻi loa ke ola.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha ʻoi aku ʻoe i ka manawa e hele ai ʻoe i ka ʻāpana o ke kōkaʻa moana, pono ʻoe e kāpīpī me ka paʻakai i mea e paʻakikī ai. A i ʻole, ma ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka lewa, e hoʻomalulu ka mollusk a hoʻohālike me nā aniani.
Wikiō: Holothuria
ʻO nā kūpuna o nā echinoderms he manu ola ola me ka symmetry bilateral. A laila hōʻike ʻia ʻo Carpoidea, ua ʻike mua lākou. Uhiia ko lakou kino me na papa, a waihoia ko lakou waha a me ka anus. ʻO kahi kūlana hou, ʻo ia ʻo Cystoidea a i nā pōpoki. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Grooves ma ko lākou waha e ohi i ka meaʻai. He mea mai loko mai i nā lehelehe i puka mai nā holothurians - ʻaʻole like me nā papa hou o nā ʻano echinoderms hou, e ulu ana mai ia mau mea, akā hemo i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. I ka hopena, loaʻa nā holothurians i nā ʻano ʻano mua no ka ʻano nui o nā globular.
A ʻo nā holothurians pono loa kahi papa kahiko kahiko i hoʻololi i ka hapa he mau miliona o nā makahiki i hala. Ua wehewehe ʻia e ka poʻe zoologist Farani A.M. ʻO Blanville i ka makahiki 1834, ʻo Holothuroidea ka inoa o ka papa i loko o Latin.
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: aia ka nui o ka vanadium i ke koko o nā kukama moana - a hiki i ka 8-9%. I ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mea waiwai mai loko aku iā lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka holothuria?
Whakaahua kiʻi: Sea Holoturia
ʻO kā lākou ka pālahalaha he ākea a pili i nā kai āpau a me ka hapa nui o nā kai o ka Honua. Ma kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā kai holookoa kahi i loaʻa ʻole ai nā holothurians, ma waena o lākou, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Baltic a me Caspian. ʻO ka hapanui o ka holothurians e noho ana i loko o nā wai mahana o nā ʻōpala, makemake lākou e noho ma kahi o nā ʻōpua, akā noho lākou ma ke kai anuanu.
Hiki ke hālāwai i nā holothurians i loko o ka wai papau ma ke kapakai, a i ka hohonu, a hiki i nā puʻu hohonu loa: ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻano ʻano like ʻole kēia. Noho kekahi o nā Holothuri i ka wahi hohonu o ka honua, ʻo Mariana Trench, ma lalo loa. Hona lākou i kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka heluna haʻahaʻa, i kekahi manawa he kiʻini me lākou. Ma nā hohonu hohonu - ʻoi aku ma mua o 8,000 m, ka macro-fauna (ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke ʻike ʻia me ka maka kanaka) ʻike ʻia lākou e pili ana iā lākou, ma kahi o 85-90% o nā mea nui a pau ma laila ka pūʻulu holothurian.
Hōʻike kēia, ʻoiai ma ka primitiveness o kēia mau mea, ua hoʻohui ʻia lākou i ka ola hohonu a hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi poʻo nui i hoʻomaka ʻia i nā holoholona ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou ʻano ʻano like aku ma hope o 5,000 m, a laila malie malie. Hiki i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ke hoʻokūkū me lākou i loko o ka unpretentiousness.
Aia kekahi ʻano o ka holothuria, ka papana e hāʻawi i ka hiki i ka wai i loko o ka wai: uhai wale lākou mai ka lalo a neʻe mālie i kahi wahi hou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hāmeʻa ponoʻeu no ka hana manu. Akā, e noho ana lākou ma ka lalo, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o kekahi ʻano like ʻole e noho ana i loko o ka wai wai: ʻo ia ʻo Pelagothuria natatrix, a holo mau nō hoʻi ma ke ala i hōʻike ʻia.
I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi i loaʻa ai ka holothuria. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā holothurians
Kuhi: He aha ka holothuria e like?
Nui nā mākela ma kai ma lalo, ʻoiai ua lohi a pale ʻole i ka mālama ʻia, a no laila he nui nā mea hoʻomoʻo iā lākou e ʻimi ana i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Akā, ʻai wale kekahi mau holoholona liʻiliʻi iā lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea make i loko o kā lākou mau umauma (ʻo ka mea nui o lākou ke kapa inoa ʻia kūpono - holoturin), a me ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā kukama kai me ka mea hōʻino i ka ola kai.
ʻO nā ʻano kumu no holothuria ka mea nui e hāʻawi ai i ka meaʻai, pono ia e hoʻākāka nui i nā pahu momona. Hoʻokomo kēia mau molluska holothuria, e hoʻoiho i ka ʻona i loko o lākou, a laila e hūnā i nā palu palupalu mai ka mea i pālolo ʻia. He mea ʻoleʻino ka ipo iā lākou.
Hiki i ka iʻa ke hānai i kēia poʻe noho ma lalo nei, akā hana pinepine lākou i kēia, ʻo ka nui i nā hihia kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke loaʻa nā waiwai ʻē aʻe. I waena o nā ʻenemi, pono nō hoʻi nā kānaka holothurians e ʻike ʻia i ka poʻe, no ka mea aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano maikaʻi i ke ʻano he nui a loaʻa ʻia i ka pae pāhana.
ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi: hiki iā Holothuria ke pale iā ia iho mai nā mea predator i ke ala hoʻokahi: e kiola aku ana i kekahi o kāna mau kino o loko, a me nā mea i poʻomanaʻo e hāʻule ai nā mea hopu hewa i loko o ka wai. No ka mahiʻai ʻo ka moana, ʻaʻole make kēia, no ka mea hiki ke ulu i nā ʻōpana hou aʻe ma kahi o ka mea i nalowale.
Holothuria meaʻai
Ua manaʻo ʻia nā kukama o ke kai me nā ʻōlima o ke kai a me ke kai. ʻAi lākou i nā koena o nā holoholona make. Hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou waha e hopu ai i ka meaʻai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻekena.
Kūlike ka nui o nā hale noho no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO kā lākou helu maikaʻi loa he 30 pcs., A na lākou āpau i kahi ʻimi mau no ka meaʻai. ʻO nā pākahi āpau o ka holothurium kahuli loa licks.
Hoʻokaʻa kekahi mau holoholona i nā algae, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe i koe ke koena a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ua like lākou me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūʻokoʻa, e hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai i kāwili ʻia me ka silt a me ka one mai lalo. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpū o kēia mau holoholona e koho i nā mea kanu wale nō, a hoʻihoʻi i nā mea āpau o waho i waho.